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3 Application Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining genetic material from different sources to create new genes, proteins, and organisms. This technology has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry, including gene cloning, antibiotic production, human insulin synthesis, vaccine development, gene therapy, and the creation of genetically modified organisms. It also enables the production of human growth hormones, enzymes, and transgenic animals.

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9 views

3 Application Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining genetic material from different sources to create new genes, proteins, and organisms. This technology has applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry, including gene cloning, antibiotic production, human insulin synthesis, vaccine development, gene therapy, and the creation of genetically modified organisms. It also enables the production of human growth hormones, enzymes, and transgenic animals.

Uploaded by

kjunjes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of

Recombinant
DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is defined as a DNA
molecule that has been artificially created by
combining genetic material from different sources,
typically from different organisms, using various
laboratory techniques.

This technique allows scientists to manipulate and


modify DNA sequences to create new genes,
proteins, and organisms with desirable traits or
functions.
The creation of recombinant DNA has
enabled the development of a wide
range of applications in areas such as
medicine, agriculture, and industry,
including the production of genetically
modified crops, biopharmaceuticals, and
biofuels, among others.
Application Of Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA
Technology :
* A series of
procedures used to
recombine DNA segments
under certain conditions,
a recombinant DNA
molecule can enter a cell
and replicate.
Applications Of Recombinant DNA Technology:
1- Gene Cloning :
* The recombinant DNA
molecule is transferred to a
host cell.
* Within the host cell it
replicates producing dozens
of identical copies i.e. it is
cloned.
* The cloned DNA can be
recovered from host cells
purified, analyzed and
transcribed.
2 – Antibiotics :
* Antibiotics are the chemical
substance, produced both by
microorganisms and
synthetically.
* They can inhibit the growth
of bacteria and other
microorganisms and even
destroy them.
* Penicilin is first antibiotic
discovered by Alexander
Flemming in 1928 using
recombinant technology.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are biotechnological products
that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria.

They are naturally produced by


microorganisms, such as fungi, to attain an
advantage over bacterial populations.

Antibiotics are produced on a large scale by


cultivating and manipulating fungal cells.
Many antibacterial compounds are classified on
the basis of their chemical or biosynthetic origin
into natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic.

Another classification system is based on


biological activity. In this classification, antibiotics
are divided into two broad groups according to

1.their biological effect on microorganisms:


bactericidal agents kill bacteria, and
2. bacteriostatic agents slow down or stall
bacterial growth.
3 – Production of
Human Insulin :
*Obtaining the
human insulin gene:

* Human insulin
gene can be
obtained by making
a complementary
DNA copy of the
messenger RNA for
human insulin.
1-

4 – Vaccines :
* Vaccine are used to conifer
immunity against antigens .
* Recombinant DNA
technology can be used to
clone the gene for the
2-
protective antigen protein.
* A number of vaccines
against virus have been
developed using this technology
.
* These vaccines are Hapatitis
B, Foot and Mouth diseases etc.
Vaccines

Modern techniques use the genes of


microorganisms cloned into vectors to mass
produce the desired antigen. The antigen is then
introduced into the body to stimulate the primary
immune response and trigger immune memory.

Ex. Genes cloned from the influenza virus have


been used to combat the constantly-changing
strains of this virus.
5 – Gene Therapy :
* Genetic engineering may one day enable medical
scientists to replace the defective genes responsible for hereditary
diseases e.g. Haemophilia with normal genes. This new system of
therapy is called Gene Therapy.
6 – Agriculture :
* Genetically engineered plants are developed to resist
draught and diseases.
* Good quality of food and increased yield of crops is
also possible.
7 – Industrial :
* In industries recombinant DNA technology will
help in the production of chemical compounds of
commercial importance, Improvement of existing
fermentation processes and production of proteins
from waste.
8 – Human Growth
Hormones:

*Various human
growth hormones have
been synthesized
commercially using
Recombinant DNA
Technology.
*This hormone is used
in treatment of
Dwarfism.
Hormones
Recombinant DNA technology was used to
produce large-scale quantities of human insulin
(a hormone) in E. coli as early as 1978.

Human growth hormone (HGH) has been used


to treat growth disorders in children. The HGH
gene was cloned from a cDNA library and
inserted into E. coli cells by cloning it into a
bacterial vector. The bacteria was then grown
and the hormone isolated, enabling large scale
commercial production.
9 - Animal Husbandry And Sericulture :
* For enhancement of milk production in cattle.
* For better meat yield in animals like pigs, cattle, birds.
* For enhancement of silk production in seri culture.
* For better egg yield in poultry birds.
* For better wool yield from sheep.
10 - Production of Enzymes:

* Some useful enzymes can also be produced


by recombinant DNA technique. For instance,
enzyme urikinase, which is used to dissolve
blood clots, has been produced by
genetically engineered microorganisms.
11 - Production of Transgenic Animals:

* Animals which carry foreign genes are called


transgenic animals.
Examples:
Cow, sheep, goat – therapeutic; human
proteins in their milk.

Fish like common carp, cat fish, salmon and


gold fish contain human growth hormone
(hGH).
THANK YOU

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