Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University

WAO COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Wao, Lanao del Sur

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

GRADE 12
Lesson 5: Media and Information Sources
Citizens require new competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) in order to participate in and
contribute to society. An understanding of these terms is necessary before engaging and must first of all begin
with a clear comprehension of the concept of information. By that, getting credible and reliable from a reputable
source takes a lot of considerations. This lesson will give us the idea of how important is indigenous media and
other sources of information and the skills on evaluating information.

SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal experiences, books, journal
and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias, and web pages — and the type of information you need
will change depending on the question you are trying to answer.

A. Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous Knowledge is an unconventional source of information. It is also known as local
knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is the knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society. It may
contrast with the international knowledge system generated by universities, research institutions and private
firms.

Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s traditional land-use zoning

system.

This knowledge is then be transfer through Indigenous Media

(IM).

IM is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous

peoples in order for them to develop and produce culturally
appropriate information in the languages understood by the
community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources,
reflecting community needs and interests, visions and aspirations,
and independent from vested interest groups (Indigenous Media,
Freedom of Expression and Right to Information: ASEAN
Scenario, 2014).
This is a picture of Muyongs

Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows:

oral tradition of communication
store information in memories
information exchange is face to- face
information contains within the border of the community

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 1

B. Library
It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts,
recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale. It was existed because of the birth of the printing press.
And expected to select and provide content that area easy to access. Its main role is to organize and provide you
access information. And labeled as “steward of good information”. No longer static of limited to purely
collecting physical materials for archiving, but has extended to acquiring new modes of providing information
such as the use of digital sources and facilities that utilize media.

Types of Library
1. ACADEMIC LIBRARY. It serves colleges and universities.
2. PUBLIC LIBRARY. It serves cities and towns of all types.
3. SCHOOL LIBRARY. It serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
4. SPECIAL LIBRARY- These are in specialized environments, such as hospitals, corporations,
museums, the military, private business, and the government.
C. Internet
It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities,
consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols.
Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information available on the
Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is particularly important for the individual Internet
user to evaluate the resource or information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish
on the Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author is listed, he or
she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may represent opinions as fact.

How will you evaluate the information found in the internet?

1. Authorship
It is critical to relate the ideas you find at a site to a particular author, organization, or business.
In this way, there is a degree of accountability for any of the ideas expressed. Be especially wary of sites
in which the author or sponsoring organization is not clearly stated.
2. Publishing body
Anyone with an Internet Service Provider (AT&T, UP.net, NMU, etc.) can put up a Web page.
As a result, you need to have some idea 36 whether the group claiming responsibility for the information
on the Web site is legitimate.
3. Accuracy and Verifiability
A source of information is known to be scholarly when it provides references to the information
presented. In this way, the reader can confirm whether the information is accurate or the author's
conclusions reasonable. A page without references still may be useful as an example of the ideas of an
individual, organization, or business, but not as source of factual information.
4. Currency
Some information is very time sensitive. For example, a page talking about the top rate Web
search engines in 1997 is going to be horribly out of date in 2000. There have been incredible changes in
search engine technology and new developments appear almost monthly. However, a page discussing

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 2

 the Civil War is likely still relevant today even if the page was created in 1996 and has not been
updated. Regardless, a site should always provide some indication of when the information was created
or the site was last updated.
SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILTY OF INFORMATION
Check the Author
Check the Date of Publication or of update
Check for Citations
Check the Domain or owner of the site/page
.com- commercial
.edu- educational
.mil- military
.gov- government
.org- nonprofit organization
SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURATE INFORMATION
Look for facts
Cross-reference with other source for consistency
Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information
Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related information to market their product.

Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become popular. These include social
media, blogs, and flash mob performances. These alternative forms provide greater freedom and power to
ordinary individuals and are a quicker way of distributing information. The downside is that a lot of the
information being passed around is biased and inaccurate.

ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Although, the value of information would also depend on the need of the user but these are the key skills
to better get the rightful information that you need to:

1. Reliability of information
Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness
of the source in evaluating the reliability of information.
2. Accuracy of information
Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies,
depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to
the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and
presented
3. Value of information
Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or improving decisions.
4. Authority of the source
Much of the information we gather daily does not come from a primary source but are passed on through
secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject
matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.
5. Timeliness
Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was produced or acquired.
While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was
produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other
information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 3

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 4
References:

DepEd Module for Media and Information Literacy by Mary Antoinette M. Magallanes
Media and Information Literacy by Maria Jovita E. Zarate
Media and Information Literacy by Vibal Group Inc.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.
Contact me through my FB Account: JUAN ANTONIO

Prepared by: Checked by:

JHON ANTHONY C. CATINOY RACHEL C. TAMBANILLO

Subject Teacher SHS Coordinator

Republic of the Philippines

Mindanao State University
WAO COMMUNITY HIGH SCHOOL
Wao, Lanao del Sur

Name: ______________________________ Grade & Section: ___________________ Date: ___________

WORKSHEET NUMBER 4: Types of Media

(Media and Information Literacy)

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 5

Media Convergence
Give 2 examples for the following platform where the media convergence is much existing. Use the
table below to be guided.

Media Convergence in Platform Specific Example

Facebook, Instagram, Twitter
Communication Social Network

Education Learning Resource Center

Advertisement Services Advertisement

News News Agency

Entertainment Multimedia Personality

Media Personality
These are given pictures of famous individuals who are featured across all types of media. Answer the
following questions to deeply know how they influence their viewers. Follow the given table below.

Question Answer
1. What do these two personalities have in
common?
2. How did they become that prestige in their life?

3. What made them so famous?

4. What have they contributed to society?

5. How do these personalities influence the way the

people see themselves and others?

Perf Performance Task 5: Digital-Posters

Create a poster showing the Four Types of Media. In your poster, includes the definition of each type of
media and give at least 3 examples. The poster should use an interactive online tool like Canva, Glogster,
Piktochart, etc. Once done, send your E-posters to our GC.

Rubrics for E-Posters:

Poor -3 Fair-6 Good - 8 Very Good- 10
Written Content The poster is The poster does not The poster includes

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 6

 lacking in elements have all of the most of the relevant The poster includes
required. relevant information; all information
There are many information. however, it could relevant to the
gaps in information Information is have been better topic. The poster is
presented. presented in an organized and creative, clear,
Some or all of the unorganized could be more complete and
written elements fashion. creative. concise.
are plagiarized.
The text used is not Complete, detailed Complete, detailed Complete, detailed
at grade level and and fluent grade and fluent grade and fluent grade
there are frequent level sentences are level sentences are level sentences are
spelling and sometimes used. often used. There always used. There
Text
grammatical There are several are no spelling and are no spelling or
mistakes. spelling and only one grammatical
grammatical grammatical mistakes
mistakes mistakes.
No digital images One or two digital Some digital Several images are
are included. No images are used. images are included and they
Digital Content
pictures are They are relevant to included. Only are relevant to the
relevant to the topic the topic. some are relevant topic
The poster is not The poster is not The poster is very The poster is
attractive. 1 out of 4 very attractive. 2 attractive. 3 out of 4 exceptionally
elements are out of 4 elements elements are attractive. All
present: design, are present: design, present: design, elements are
Layout
layout, creativity layout, creativity layout, creativity present: design,
and additional and additional and additional layout, creativity
items. items. items. and additional
items.

M S U - W A O C O M M U N I T Y H I G H S C H O O L (S.Y 2022-2023) Page 7