1. Which structure of the neuron contains Nissl bodies?

A) Axon
B) Dendrites
C) Axon hillock
D) Axon terminals

2. The cytoskeleton of the neuron is primarily composed of:

A) Nissl bodies and ribosomes
B) Microtubules and neurofilaments
C) Mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
D) None of the above

3. What is the primary function of dendrites?

A) Transmit signals away from the cell body
B) Receive stimuli from other neurons or receptors
C) Produce myelin
D) Regulate ion channels

4. Which statement is true about dendrites?

A) They are myelinated.
B) They contain terminal boutons.
C) They extend the action potential to the axon.
D) They branch off the cell body.

5. The initial segment of an axon is:

A) Unmyelinated
B) Myelinated
C) Filled with synaptic vesicles
D) Covered by astrocytes

6. Which structure divides an axon into collateral branches?

A) Node of Ranvier
B) Axon terminal
C) Axon hillock
D) None of the above

7. The connective tissue surrounding a single nerve fiber is:

A) Epineurium
B) Perineurium
C) Endoneurium
D) Fascicle

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8. The primary structural unit of a peripheral nerve is called:
A) Fascicle
B) Epineurium
C) Ganglia
D) Schwann cell

9. Which neuroglial cell is phagocytic?

A) Astrocyte
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendrocyte
D) Schwann cell

10. What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A) Myelination in the CNS
B) Myelination in the PNS
C) Formation of cerebrospinal fluid
D) Providing blood-brain barrier

11. Myelination in the CNS is performed by:

A) Schwann cells
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Satellite cells

12. Nodes of Ranvier are associated with:

A) Continuous conduction
B) Saltatory conduction
C) Axonal branching
D) Terminal boutons

13. Which neuron type is involved in sensory reception?

A) Motor neurons
B) Interneurons
C) Sensory neurons
D) All of the above

14. Motor neurons:

A) Originate in sensory ganglia
B) Transmit signals to effector cells
C) Form part of the dorsal root ganglia
D) Synapse with sensory neurons only

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15. A bipolar neuron has:
A) One axon and no dendrites
B) Two axons
C) One axon and one dendrite
D) Multiple dendrites

16. Where are unipolar neurons primarily found?

A) Retina
B) Dorsal root ganglia
C) Olfactory epithelium
D) Cerebellum

17. The largest neuroglial cell is:

A) Microglia
B) Astrocyte
C) Ependymal cell
D) Satellite cell

18. Which cell produces cerebrospinal fluid?

A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Schwann cell
C) Ependymal cell
D) Microglia

19. Synaptic vesicles are located in the:

A) Synaptic cleft
B) Postsynaptic membrane
C) Presynaptic membrane
D) Myelin sheath

20. Axosomatic synapses occur between:

A) Axon and dendrite
B) Axon and axon
C) Axon and cell body
D) None of the above

21. Demyelination diseases affect:

A) Schwann cells only
B) Action potential conduction
C) Neurotransmitter release
D) Synapse formation

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22. A hallmark symptom of demyelinating diseases is:
A) Enhanced muscle strength
B) Muscle paralysis
C) Increased synapse formation
D) None of the above

23. The dorsal root ganglion contains:

A) Motor neuron cell bodies
B) Sensory neuron cell bodies
C) Interneuron cell bodies
D) None of the above

24. Satellite cells surround the cell bodies of neurons in:

A) CNS
B) PNS ganglia
C) Ventricles
D) Synaptic clefts

25. Schwann cells can:

A) Myelinate multiple axons
B) Myelinate a single segment of one axon
C) Form the nodes of Ranvier
D) Only cover unmyelinated axons

26. Satellite cells are responsible for:

A) Forming the blood-brain barrier
B) Absorbing cerebrospinal fluid
C) Providing support to neuron cell bodies in ganglia
D) Myelinating axons in the PNS

27. Which neuroglia is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

A) Ependymal cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Microglia

28. Ependymal cells line the:

A) Nodes of Ranvier
B) Axon hillock
C) Central canal of the spinal cord
D) Peripheral nerves

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29. Nissl bodies are absent in:
A) Dendrites
B) Axons
C) Axon hillock
D) Both B and C

30. The large pale nucleus of a neuron contains:

A) Nucleolus and neurofilaments
B) Prominent nucleolus and abundant mitochondria
C) Prominent nucleolus only
D) Microtubules and Nissl bodies

31. The epineurium surrounds:

A) Individual axons
B) Nerve fascicles
C) The entire peripheral nerve
D) Ganglia

32. The structure that separates nerve fascicles is:

A) Perineurium
B) Endoneurium
C) Epineurium
D) Myelin sheath

33. Myelination speeds up nerve conduction by:

A) Increasing the number of synapses
B) Allowing saltatory conduction
C) Enhancing neurotransmitter release
D) Increasing the size of the axon

34. Nodes of Ranvier are critical for:

A) Axonal branching
B) Synapse formation
C) Saltatory conduction
D) None of the above

35. The postsynaptic membrane contains:

A) Synaptic vesicles
B) Neurotransmitter receptors
C) Nodes of Ranvier
D) Schwann cell nuclei

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36. Neurotransmitter release occurs from the:
A) Synaptic cleft
B) Postsynaptic membrane
C) Terminal boutons of presynaptic neuron
D) Axon hillock

37. Interneurons are located in:

A) CNS
B) PNS
C) Ganglia
D) Myelin sheaths

38. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion are:

A) Multipolar
B) Bipolar
C) Unipolar
D) Pseudounipolar

39. Microglia are part of:

A) Peripheral nervous system
B) Choroid plexus
C) Mononuclear phagocytic system
D) Astrocytic functions

40. Oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells in that they:

A) Are found in the PNS
B) Myelinate multiple axons in the CNS
C) Form the blood-brain barrier
D) Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia

41. Which neuron type is most commonly found in the CNS?

A) Bipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Multipolar
D) Pseudounipolar

42. Bipolar neurons are found in:

A) Dorsal root ganglia
B) Special sensory organs
C) Spinal nerves
D) Motor pathways

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43. Damage to myelin results in:
A) Increased nerve conduction speed
B) Decreased or blocked nerve conduction
C) Synaptic hypertrophy
D) Overproduction of neurotransmitters

44. Symptoms of demyelinating diseases include:

A) Hyperactivity of muscles
B) Paralysis and sensory loss
C) Increased reflex responses
D) None of the above

45. What type of synapse occurs between an axon and a dendrite?

A) Axoaxonic
B) Axosomatic
C) Axodendritic
D) None of the above

46. The structure responsible for generating action potentials in neurons is:
A) Axon hillock
B) Synapse
C) Nissl body
D) Astrocyte

47. Which cell lines the ventricles of the brain?

A) Astrocytes
B) Microglia
C) Ependymal cells
D) Schwann cells

48. The choroid plexus is involved in:

A) Phagocytosis
B) CSF secretion
C) Myelination
D) Synaptic transmission

49. Which of the following is true about axons?

A) All axons are myelinated
B) Unmyelinated axons lack Schwann cells
C) Axons transmit signals away from the cell body
D) Axons receive signals from other neurons

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50. The synaptic cleft is:
A) The space between two axons
B) The site of action potential generation
C) The gap between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
D) A myelinated region of the axon

51. The neuron structure responsible for intracellular transport is:

A) A) Nissl bodies
B) B) Neurofilaments
C) C) Synaptic vesicles
D) D) Golgi apparatus

52. Which structure is responsible for generating action potentials?

A) A) Nucleus
B) B) Axon hillock
C) C) Myelin sheath
D) D) Synapse

53. What is the role of the large Golgi apparatus in the neuron?
A) A) Protein synthesis
B) B) Transport of neurotransmitters
C) C) Ion channel regulation
D) D) Axonal myelination

54. Neurons with many dendrites and one axon are classified as:
A) A) Unipolar
B) B) Bipolar
C) C) Multipolar
D) D) Pseudounipolar

55. The prominent nucleolus in the neuron is primarily involved in:

A) A) Cytoskeleton organization
B) B) Ribosomal RNA synthesis
C) C) Neurotransmitter release
D) D) Axonal repair

56. Dendrites are characterized by:

A) A) Presence of myelin sheaths
B) B) Absence of Nissl bodies
C) C) Branching structure to receive signals
D) D) Axonal terminals

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57. The function of dendrites is to:
A) A) Carry signals away from the neuron
B) B) Synthesize neurotransmitters
C) C) Receive and transmit impulses to the cell body
D) D) Maintain resting potential

58. Which feature distinguishes dendrites from axons?

A) A) Presence of microtubules
B) B) Presence of synaptic boutons
C) C) Nissl bodies in dendrites but not in axons
D) D) Dendrites conduct action potentials

59. Which neurons have long dendrites to receive impulses over greater distances?
A) A) Multipolar neurons
B) B) Pyramidal neurons
C) C) Sensory neurons
D) D) Interneurons

60. Dendritic spines are most associated with:

A) A) Protein synthesis
B) B) Synaptic input
C) C) Myelination
D) D) Saltatory conduction

61. Axons terminate in structures known as:

A) A) Boutons
B) B) Nodes of Ranvier
C) C) Synaptic clefts
D) D) Endoneurium

62. Which feature distinguishes a myelinated axon from an unmyelinated one?

A) A) Presence of Schwann cells
B) B) Increased diameter
C) C) Faster conduction speed
D) D) Shorter axon length

63. Collateral branches of axons arise:

A) A) From the axon terminal
B) B) At right angles from the main axon
C) C) Near the dendritic spines
D) D) Within the synaptic cleft

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64. The initial segment of an axon is critical because it:
A) A) Initiates saltatory conduction
B) B) Produces synaptic vesicles
C) C) Generates the first action potential
D) D) Secretes neurotransmitters

65. Myelinated axons are primarily involved in:

A) A) Rapid signal conduction
B) B) Phagocytosis
C) C) Synapse formation
D) D) Neural repair

66. Peripheral nerves contain:

A) A) Only sensory fibers
B) B) Only motor fibers
C) C) Both sensory and motor fibers
D) D) Ganglia

67. The perineurium surrounds:

A) A) Individual nerve fibers
B) B) Fascicles of nerve fibers
C) C) Entire nerve bundles
D) D) Axons and Schwann cells

68. The connective tissue sheath that contains blood vessels and surrounds the entire
nerve is:
A) A) Endoneurium
B) B) Epineurium
C) C) Perineurium
D) D) Myelin sheath

69. The nucleus of Schwann cells is located:

A) A) At the center of myelin sheaths
B) B) Peripherally along the axon
C) C) At the node of Ranvier
D) D) Embedded within axonal terminals

70. Damage to the endoneurium of a nerve would primarily affect:

A) A) Axonal conduction
B) B) Synapse formation
C) C) Connective tissue structure
D) D) Neurotransmitter release

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71. Which neuroglia form scar tissue in the CNS after injury?
A) A) Astrocytes
B) B) Oligodendrocytes
C) C) Microglia
D) D) Schwann cells

72. Ependymal cells are unique because they:

A) A) Produce neurotransmitters
B) B) Line brain ventricles
C) C) Form nodes of Ranvier
D) D) Surround dorsal root ganglia

73. Microglia are most associated with:

A) A) Phagocytosis
B) B) Myelination
C) C) Synaptic formation
D) D) CSF secretion

74. Oligodendrocytes differ from Schwann cells by:

A) A) Producing neurotransmitters
B) B) Myelinating multiple axons
C) C) Surrounding unmyelinated fibers
D) D) Facilitating synaptic repair

75. Astrocytes maintain homeostasis by:

A) A) Conducting action potentials
B) B) Forming myelin
C) C) Supporting the blood-brain barrier
D) D) Synthesizing neurotransmitters

76. Synaptic vesicles are located in:

A) Dendrites
B) Axon terminals
C) Axon hillock
D) Myelin sheath

77. Neurotransmitter release requires:

A) A) Sodium influx
B) B) Potassium efflux
C) C) Calcium influx
D) D) Chloride channels

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78. Axodendritic synapses involve connections between:
A) A) Axons and axons
B) B) Axons and dendrites
C) C) Axons and cell bodies
D) D) Dendrites and cell bodies

79. Synaptic clefts are important because they:

A) A) Transmit electrical signals
B) B) Contain neurotransmitter receptors
C) C) Separate pre- and postsynaptic membranes
D) D) Store synaptic vesicles

80. Postsynaptic membranes contain:

A) A) Synaptic vesicles
B) B) Nissl bodies
C) C) Neurotransmitter receptors
D) D) Nodes of Ranvier

81. Sensory neurons transmit impulses:

A) A) From receptors to CNS
B) B) From CNS to effectors
C) C) Between motor neurons
D) D) Along interneurons

82. Which neurons are found only in the CNS?

A) A) Sensory neurons
B) B) Interneurons
C) C) Motor neurons
D) D) Satellite neurons

83. Motor neurons:

A) A) Transmit impulses to the CNS
B) B) Connect sensory and interneurons
C) C) Conduct signals to muscles or glands
D) D) Have cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia

84. Sensory neurons in cranial ganglia are:

A) A) Multipolar
B) B) Bipolar
C) C) Pseudounipolar
D) D) None of the above

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85. The dorsal root ganglia contain:
A) A) Sensory neuron cell bodies
B) B) Motor neuron cell bodies
C) C) Satellite cells only
D) D) Synaptic terminals

86. The most common type of neuron in the CNS is:

A) A) Multipolar
B) B) Bipolar
C) C) Unipolar
D) D) Pseudounipolar

87. Bipolar neurons are typically found in:

A) A) Spinal nerves
B) B) Special sensory organs
C) C) Dorsal root ganglia
D) D) Peripheral nerves

88. The structural classification of a sensory neuron in dorsal root ganglia is:
A) A) Bipolar
B) B) Multipolar
C) C) Unipolar
D) D) None of the above
E)
89. Myelination increases conduction velocity by:
A) Adding synapses along the axon
B) Preventing ion leakage
C) Facilitating saltatory conduction
D) Increasing the number of action potentials

90. Nodes of Ranvier are critical because they:

A) A) Prevent axonal branching
B) B) Facilitate continuous conduction
C) C) Enable action potential regeneration in saltatory conduction
D) D) Synthesize neurotransmitters

91. In the PNS, myelin is formed by:

A) A) Microglia
B) B) Schwann cells
C) C) Oligodendrocytes
D) D) Satellite cells

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92. Which cells are responsible for myelinating multiple axons in the CNS?
A) A) Schwann cells
B) B) Microglia
C) C) Oligodendrocytes
D) D) Astrocytes

93. Ganglia that contain sensory neuron cell bodies include:

A) A) Dorsal root ganglia
B) B) Sympathetic ganglia
C) C) Prevertebral ganglia
D) D) Parasympathetic ganglia

94. Satellite cells are located:

A) A) In the CNS around axons
B) B) In the PNS around neuron cell bodies
C) C) In myelinated nerve fibers
D) D) Between the endoneurium and perineurium

95. Which type of neuroglial cell lines the central canal of the spinal cord?
A) A) Astrocyte
B) B) Oligodendrocyte
C) C) Microglia
D) D) Ependymal cell

96. The blood-brain barrier is primarily maintained by:

A) A) Schwann cells
B) B) Astrocytes
C) C) Ependymal cells
D) D) Microglia

97. Which of the following is a phagocytic cell in the CNS?

A) A) Oligodendrocyte
B) B) Astrocyte
C) C) Microglia
D) D) Satellite cell

98. Which ion is most critical for neurotransmitter release at synapses?

A) A) Sodium
B) B) Calcium
C) C) Potassium
D) D) Chloride

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99. Axosomatic synapses occur between:
A) A) Axons and axons
B) B) Axons and dendrites
C) C) Axons and cell bodies
D) D) Dendrites and cell bodies

100. Synaptic transmission is classified as:

A) A) A purely electrical event
B) B) A purely chemical event
C) C) A chemical and electrical event
D) D) None of the above

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