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12th Grade Practical Record Book Final

The document is a practical record book for 12th-grade experiments, detailing procedures, apparatus, and theories for various physics experiments including magnetic field lines, resistance measurement using a metre bridge, minimum deviation in prisms, refractive index of glass slabs, and I-V characteristics of p-n junction diodes. Each experiment includes an aim, theoretical background, required apparatus, and step-by-step procedures. Diagrams are also provided to illustrate concepts and setups.

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43 views4 pages

12th Grade Practical Record Book Final

The document is a practical record book for 12th-grade experiments, detailing procedures, apparatus, and theories for various physics experiments including magnetic field lines, resistance measurement using a metre bridge, minimum deviation in prisms, refractive index of glass slabs, and I-V characteristics of p-n junction diodes. Each experiment includes an aim, theoretical background, required apparatus, and step-by-step procedures. Diagrams are also provided to illustrate concepts and setups.

Uploaded by

gogoiborahjinti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12th Grade Practical Record Book

Experiment 1: Magnetic Field Lines and Neutral Point

Aim

To place a bar magnet in the magnetic meridian and draw field lines with: a) North pole pointing towards the

geographic North, b) South pole pointing towards the geographic North, and to locate the neutral point.

Theory

The magnetic field around a bar magnet forms closed loops from North to South outside the magnet. A

neutral point is where the horizontal component of the Earth's field balances the magnetic field of the bar

magnet.

Apparatus

Bar magnet, drawing board, compass needle, white sheet of paper, pencil, and scale.

Procedure

1. Place the magnet on a sheet of paper aligned along the magnetic meridian.

2. Mark the positions of the compass needle as it aligns along field lines.

3. Repeat for both pole orientations.

4. Locate the neutral points where the compass shows no deflection.

5. Draw the complete field pattern.

[Diagram: Magnetic field lines around a bar magnet showing neutral points]

Experiment 2: Metre Bridge: Finding Resistance

Aim

To find the value of a given resistance using a metre bridge.

Theory

The metre bridge works on the principle of a balanced Wheatstone bridge. At balance, the ratio of resistances

is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the bridge wire.

Apparatus
12th Grade Practical Record Book

Metre bridge, galvanometer, jockey, resistance box, connecting wires, and unknown resistor.

Procedure

1. Set up the metre bridge with known and unknown resistances.

2. Move the jockey along the wire until the galvanometer shows zero deflection.

3. Note the balancing length and calculate the resistance using the formula:

R = (100-l)/l * S, where S is the known resistance.

[Diagram: Metre bridge setup]

Experiment 3: Angle of Minimum Deviation for Prism

Aim

To find the angle of minimum deviation and refractive index of a given prism.

Theory

When light passes through a prism, it bends twice, creating a deviation. The angle of minimum deviation

occurs when the path of light inside the prism is symmetric.

Apparatus

Prism, optical bench, spectrometer, and light source.

Procedure

1. Set up the prism and spectrometer.

2. Measure angles of incidence from 35 to 60 degrees and record deviations.

3. Plot a graph of deviation vs. incidence angle.

4. Find the minimum point to calculate refractive index using: n = sin((A + D) / 2) / sin(A / 2), where A is

prism angle, D is minimum deviation.

[Diagram: Prism showing minimum deviation]

Experiment 4: Refractive Index of Glass Slab


12th Grade Practical Record Book

Aim

To find the refractive index of a glass slab by measuring angles of incidence and refraction.

Theory

The refractive index (n) is given by Snell's law: n = sin(i) / sin(r).

Apparatus

Glass slab, pins, drawing board, protractor, and scale.

Procedure

1. Place a glass slab on the paper.

2. Mark incident and refracted rays using pins.

3. Measure angles and plot a sin(i)-sin(r) graph.

4. Calculate refractive index from the slope of the graph.

[Diagram: Glass slab refraction]

Experiment 6: I-V Characteristics of p-n Junction Diode

Aim

To draw the I-V characteristics of a p-n junction diode in forward bias.

Theory

In forward bias, current increases exponentially with voltage. The resistance can be determined from the

slope of the I-V curve.

Apparatus

p-n junction diode, DC power supply, resistor, ammeter, voltmeter, and connecting wires.

Procedure

1. Connect the circuit with the diode in forward bias.

2. Vary the voltage and record corresponding current.

3. Plot an I-V graph.


12th Grade Practical Record Book

4. Determine DC forward resistance using R = delta V / delta I.

[Diagram: I-V characteristics of p-n junction diode]

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