K. K.

Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik

(Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the following students have satisfactorily carried out
the forth semester S.E. Project Based Learning work entitled Smart Classroom
for Electricity-Saving.
It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for the academic year 2022–2023
(Semester - IV).
Aditya Waghaskar S221306146
Rupesh Ahire S221306006
Vedant Jadhav S221306060
Harshada Chavan S221306031
Vishal Khelukar S221306077

Prof. G.N.Jadhav Prof.R.K.Munje

Guide Professor & I/C Head of Department
Designation of Guide, Electrical Engineering Department,
Electrical Engineering Department, K. K. Wagh Institute of Engg. Education & Research,
K. K. Wagh I. E. E. & R., Nashik Nashik

Prof.K.N.Nandurkar
Principal
K. K. Wagh Institute of Engg. Education &
Research, Nashik

Date:- 03 / 05 /2024
 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik
(Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune)

EXAMINER’S CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the following students have satisfactorily carried out
the forth semester S.E. Project Based Learning work entitled Smart Classroom
for Electricity-Saving.
It is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for the academic year 2022–2023
(Semester-IV). This project is completed by following students.
Aditya Waghaskar S221306146
Rupesh Ahire S221306006
Vedant Jadhav S221306060
Harshada Chavan S221306031
Vishal Khelukar S221306077

This project is assessed by following examiners and found satisfactory

Prof. G.N.Jadhav Prof.P.V.Dhole

Guide Class Coordinator

Date:- 03 / 05 /2024
Place:- K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Education and Research,
Panchavati, Nashik – 422 003.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure to express my hearty gratitude to Prof. Guide Name,
Guide Designation Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of
Engineering Education & Research, Nashik.

I express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. B. E. Kushare, Professor & Head,

Prof.Dr.R.K.Munje, In-charge Head, Department of Electrical Engineering, K. K. Wagh
Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik, for his generous guidance, help and
useful suggestions which enabled me to bring out this work in the present shape.

I am extremely thankful to Names of other professors, other those who help you and
all other Staff Members of Department of Electrical Engineering, K. K. Wagh Institute of
Engineering Education & Research, Nashik for their stimulating guidance and continuous
encouragement throughout the course of dissertation work.

I acknowledge my sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. K. N. Nandurkar, Principal, K. K.

Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, Nashik, for providing me
infrastructural facilities to work in, without which this work would not have been possible.

Special thanks to my Family Members and especially my Parents, whose

encouragement, patience and support was instrumental in accomplishing this work of
dissertation.

Name of Students
Aditya Waghaskar
Rupesh Ahire
Vedant Jadhav
Harshada Chavan
Vishal Khelukar

iii
 ABSTRACT

The work gives a report about the design of an energy saving system using a Passive Infrared
Radio sensor to switch ‘off’ fan and light circuits in the classroom in the absence of students.
When a student enters the classroom, the Infrared energy emitted from the living body is
focused by the Fresnel lens segment and the PIR sensors activate and give to the
microcontroller which acts as power saving device according to the relay. When motion is
detected the relays trigger and switch the fan and light ‘on’ and after ten minutes to switch
‘off’ the fan and light when motion has not been detected.

Keywords: PIR,IOT,IR Mapping,Arduino.

iv
 Table of Contents
Certificate i.
Examiner’s certificate ii.
Declaration iii.
Abstract iv.
Table of Contents v.
Abbreviations vi.
List of Figures vii.
List of Tables viii.
Symbols and Notations ix.

Chapte Page
Chapter Title
r No. No.

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Literature Survey

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Survey
2.3 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Problem Identification And Methodology

3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Conclusion

Chapter 4: Hardware/Software Description

4.1 Introduction
4.2 Technical Overview
4.3 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Results And Discussion

5.1 Introdution
5.2 Findings And Analysis

v
 5.3 Conclusion

Chapter 6: Conclusion
6.1 Conclusion

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Figure Title
No. No.
3.1 Flowchart 8
4.1 Arduino uno 9
4.2 PIR sensor 10
4.3 LED 11
4.4 ESP32 11
4.5 RELAY 12
4.6 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 15
5.1 Simulation result before motion 16
5.2 Simulation result after motion 16

vi
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Smart Classroom is an electronic project that uses arduino. This project works to save
electricity and to determine the number of students in a class. IR sensors are used to detect
the presence of students through entrances and exits. There are 2 IR sensors for example IR
sensor A and IR sensor B, if a student passes through the IR sensor A and IR sensor B will be
count one. On the other hand if a student goes through the IR sensor B first then the IR sensor
A will be rejected. The relay will turn off the light or fan when the number of students in the
class is empty. This in turn can reduce the cost of electricity and easily de the total number of
students in a class.
Aim to conserve the energy based on the human presence in the class In the beginning of,
switching electrical devices has been done by means of connecting or disconnecting them to
the power grid. In recent year disconnecting a device from its energy source has become less
popular. Instead, switching is done electronically (automatically). This means that the inner
device is separated from the switching circuit. As a consequence, the device can be powered
‘on’ or ‘off’ electrification by a remote control unit or by an automated switching circuit
based on occupancy.
Objectives focus on improving energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and reducing
financial costs associated with electricity use.

7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction

This literature survey investigates the landscape of smart classrooms with a focus on energy-
saving initiatives. By reviewing existing research and technologies, we aim to understand key
insights and challenges to inform the development of our Smart Classroom for Electricity-
Saving project.

2.2 Literature Survey

In [1], a low-power, low-cost, easy-to-use, and easy-to-popular system for school smart
classroom management is developed. The system is developed using a storage model based
on MySQL and NoSQL, as well as a B/S-based website as the user interface. The results
show improvements in energy utilization, with a reduction in total energy consumption per
week of 320,315 by nearly 30% compared with the unused system. The system also provides
stable storage and fast data for the massive data generated by the Internet of Things. One
drawback of the system is the need for further optimization in terms of energy consumption
and storage structure. Additionally, the system may require better indoor Internet of Things
solutions to further reduce energy consumption.

In [2] Smart Building Management System is developed that aims to achieve energy
efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions in existing buildings. The system is developed
using IoT technology, smart technology, and energy-efficient methods applicable to smart
buildings. The results show improvements in energy savings, reduction of electricity
consumption, optimization of lighting and HVAC control, and achieving a thermally
comfortable indoor environment in an energy-efficient way. One drawback of the system is
the limitation in implementing and testing the management system due to the need for
technological tools, equipment, and financial support. Additionally, the system may face
challenges in simulating the smart technology building template and monitoring energy
consumption in existing buildings.

In [3] Microgrid Energy Management with energy storage system is developed .It focuses on
the development and analysis of energy management systems for microgrids with energy
storage systems Also encompasses the integration of distributed energy resources, energy
storage systems, and control strategies to optimize energy usage, enhance reliability, and

8
support the transition to a low carbon future. The drawbacks of the paper include a potential
limited focus on specific aspects of microgrid energy management and a lack of in-depth
discussion on practical implementation challenges and real-world case studies.

In [4] Energy Efficient Smart Classroom with Wi-Fi Control System is developed .It
involves the design and implementation of an automated classroom not only uses smart
algorithms but based on the ECOs(Energy Conversion Opportunities) of an energy audit
reduces energy consumption and then make a priority list of these opportunities to optimize
the energy consumption .The prototype was tested and the results show that smart classroom
with integrated algorithms and control architecture smartly distributes the available energy.
Further on trying to implement it from one classroom to another.

In [5] Home Energy Management System (HEMS) is developed, which encompasses its
evolution, history, architecture, infrastructure, energy management schemes, implementation
challenges, and real-time practical applications. The system utilizes communication schemes
like power line, ZigBee, BACnet, Bluetooth, and human–machine interfaces. Results show
improvements in reducing electricity bills, GHG emissions, and energy consumption.
Challenges include coordination, scheduling, appliance integration, and peak-hour load
concerns, with bill reduction of 16-25%. System cost should not surpass savings to retain
financial benefits.

In [6] low-cost fuzzy logic-controlled home energy management system for residential homes
is developed. The system integrates sensors, a microcontroller, heating/cooling elements,
LED lighting, and fuzzy inference engines, with control via a Nextion HMI LED screen.The
system, tested on a model house, reduced energy bills and improved energy efficiency, cost
savings, and user-friendliness.Has several drawbacks, including the complexity of neural
network models, difficulty in interpreting results, and the need for advanced technical skills
for installation and maintenance.

In [7] MANFIS based SMART home energy management system to support smart grid is
developed. It discusses the development of a Smart Home Energy Management System
(SHEMS) using a Multi-output Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (MANFIS) for
efficient management of energy storage systems, scheduled appliances, and integration of
Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The system is developed using MANFIS, which is an
intelligent controller that makes decisions about appliance scheduling, energy generation

9
from RESs, energy storage, optimization of consumption, and energy flow between electric
vehicles (EVs) and the grid. The results indicate significant improvements with the adoption
of the proposed strategy, including a reduction in electricity cost by 57.62%, a decrease in
peak power consumption by 44.4%, and a reduction in the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) by
73.6%.However, it is common for such systems to face challenges related to the complexity
of real-time data processing, integration with existing infrastructure, and reliability of
prediction models under varying conditions. These are general considerations and may not
specifically apply to the system discussed in the paper.

In [8] Affinely Adjustable Robust Energy Management System (AAREMS) for smart homes
is developed. The system is developed using a coordinated operation framework consisting of
day-ahead scheduling of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and deferrable appliances,
as well as real-time BESS affinely adjustable control. The simulation results verify the high
efficiency of the proposed AAREMS in minimising energy usage bills for customers and
providing certain and invariable power injection for the utility grid. The document does not
explicitly mention the drawbacks of the system. However, it generally addresses the
challenges in integrating roof-top photovoltaic (PV) panels and the uncertainty of PV power
generation and loads in smart homes. The system aims to tackle these challenges by
providing a robust solution against any real-time uncertainty realization.

In [9] , SFOANFIS method combines Sailfish Optimizer (SFO) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy
Interference System (ANFIS) is developed to manage energy in smart homes efficiently
through IoT-connected appliances, optimizing power distribution and load demand
prediction. Utilizing unique IP addresses for household appliances, the SFOANFIS method
employs SFO for optimal energy management and ANFIS for load demand forecasting,
implemented on MATLAB and compared favorably with existing algorithms. The proposed
technique exhibits enhanced execution time for energy management tasks over various
timeframes, offering advancements in distribution system flexibility and resource
optimization. While the paper does not explicitly state drawbacks, potential areas for
improvement could include addressing any limitations in sensor accuracy and exploring
further integration with smart home appliances to enhance functionality.

In [10] Low-cost fuzzy logic-controlled home energy management system is developed. A

low-cost fuzzy logic-controlled home energy management system integrates fuzzy logic
inference engines with sensors to regulate lighting, heating, and cooling based on

10
environmental and consumer conditions, facilitated by a microcontroller and Nextion HMI
display. Employing three distinct fuzzy logic inference engines, the system adjusts conditions
like cooling-heating status and electricity price, demonstrating efficient energy consumption
reduction while ensuring user comfort. The system effectively reduces energy usage without
compromising comfort and is user-friendly, controlling electricity, water, and gas
consumption. However, its accuracy depends on sensor quantity and sensitivity, with
potential enhancements including remote control features and integration with smart
appliances. The accuracy of the system relies heavily on sensor quality and quantity, and
further cost-performance analysis is warranted. Additionally, enhancing the system with
remote control capabilities and tighter integration with smart home appliances could improve
functionality.

2.3 Conclusion

Our literature survey illuminates effective strategies and emerging trends in energy-efficient
smart classrooms. Armed with this knowledge, we're poised to implement our Smart
Classroom for Electricity-Saving project, driving sustainable educational infrastructure
forward."

CHAPTER 3
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION & METHODOLOGY

11
3.1 Introduction
This section sets the stage by identifying key challenges in current classroom energy
consumption and outlining the methodology adopted to address them. By elucidating the
scope of the problem and the systematic approach taken, we lay the foundation for our
investigation into creating a Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving."

3.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

Nowdays excessive and uncontrolled use of electricity have become

one of the source of increasing monthly bill payments. This is why there is an
initiative in improving the existing wiring system to more systematic and user-
friendly. Today’s switchgear switches are seen as the cause of user negligence
resulting in an increase in electricity and unexpected events. Besides that,
people start to find more easier or convenient solution in daily life. Electronic
technology is popular nowdays because it is convenient, easier to construct
and save cost. Then, they also can access to this system anytime. Moreover,
this system is easy to build and configure. voltage sags and suggests solutions
to protect existing equipment in the field.

3.3 METHODOLOGY

The Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving project is a project that uses to save electricity in
the classroom. The objective of this project is to save electricity in the classroom by
switching off the lamp and fan automatically when the class is not being occupied. The
hardware components to be used in this project are the motion sensor , and Microcontroller
Unit (MCU). The motion sensor used in this project only uses low power requirements that
make them suitable for most electronic devices. The motion sensor is also capable of
detecting motion in the presence or absence of light almost with the same reliability. This
project is designed for the classroom that equipped with an motion sensor that senses the
presence of student should make the electrical appliances like fan and lamp will switch on or
off automatically. Figure 1 shows the block diagram smart classroom of this work. Figure 1.
Block Diagram of Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving Based on figure 1, the motion
sensor s which are motion sensor 1 and motion sensor 2 have been used in the smart
classroom for electricity-saving. There two motion sensors will be placed at the door of the
classroom for traced the students or lecturer enter and out of the classroom. The motion
sensor 1 and motion sensor 2 are the same type and play the same roles which are to detect

12
the presence of an object. Next, the function of the switch is to switch on and off the light and
fan manually. If the lamp and the fan do not switch off after the class session, the Class
Caretaker or Security Guard can turn off the lamp, and fan by using this switch.

Flowchart

fig.3.1

3.4 Conculsion

13
In conclusion, our exploration of problem identification and methodology has provided
critical insights into the challenges of energy consumption in traditional classrooms and the
systematic approach adopted to tackle them. By delineating the problem landscape and
detailing our chosen methodologies, we have established a clear path forward for the
development and implementation of our Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving solution.
This section not only highlights the importance of addressing energy efficiency in educational
settings but also underscores the effectiveness of a structured methodology in driving
meaningful innovation."

CHAPTER 4
Hardwar/Software Description

4.1 Introduction
Electricity-Saving project. Detail the hardware setup including sensors, controllers, and any
specialized devices, along with software frameworks and algorithms utilized for data
processing and energy optimization within the classroom environment.
In this a concise overview of the technological components comprising the Smart Classroom
for data processing and energy optimization within the classroom environment.
In this chapter We discuss the deployment of energy-efficient sensors, smart lighting
controls, occupancy detection mechanisms, and the integration of intelligent algorithms to
optimize energy consumption. Additionally, we explore the software architecture,
highlighting the development of user interfaces, data analytics platforms, and automation
algorithms driving the sustainable operation of the classroom ecosystem.

4.2 Technical Overview

1. Arduino UNO

14
 Fig.4.1
Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, 12 a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can
tinker with your UNO without worring too much about doing something wrong, worst case
scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again. "Uno" means one in
Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board
and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now
evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and
the reference model for the Arduino platform; for an extensive list of current, past or outdated
boards see the Arduino index of board. (https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3)

1. PIR Sensor

15
 Fig.4.2
This Infrared obstacle/object detection sensor is super easy to use. It comes with on board
potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity. The output is digital signal so it is easy to interface
with any microcontroller such as Arduino/Genuino UNO, Mega, Leornado, Zero, 101, even
the Raspberry Pi 13 or Raspberry Pi Zero. And of course it is also compatible with all other
controller boards out there including CIKU, CT-UNO, CT-ARM, etc. This Infrared sensor
offers simple, user friendly and fast obstacle detection via infrared reflection, it is non contact
detection. As it is based on light reflection, the detection do vary with different surface. And
any infrared source might also interfere the detection It comes in a pair of Infrared emitter
and receiver at the front of module, whenever there is object blocking the infrared source, it
reflects the infrared and the receiver get it and the signal go through a comparator circuit on
board. And depending on the threshold that being adjusted, it will output logic LOW at
output pin and the green LED will light up to indicate the detection. Turning the on board
potentiometer clock wise will increase the sensitivity and further increase the detection range.
Compatible with 5V or 3.3V power input. https://my.cytron.io/p-infrared-sensor-module.
2. Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

Fig.4.3
Light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric
current is passed through it. Light is produced when the particles that carry the current

16
(known as electrons and holes) combine together within the semiconductor material. Since
light is generated within the solid semiconductor material, LEDs are described as solid-state
devices. The term solid-state lighting, which also encompasses organic LEDs (OLEDs),
distinguishes this lighting technology from other sources that use heated filaments
(incandescent and tungsten halogen lamps) or gas discharge (fluorescent lamps).
https://www.ledsmagazine.com/leds-ssl-design/materials/article/16701292/what-isan-led.

4.ESP-WROOM-32 / ESP2

Fig.4.4
ESP32-DevKitC is a small-sized ESP32-based development board
produced by Espressif. Developers can connect these pins to
peripherals as needed. It is used in the projec for Bluetooth
communication.

5.Relay

Fig4.5
This 5VDC SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw) relay offers seamless control over high-power
circuits with its robust 7Amp capacity. Engineered for simplicity and versatility, it provides

17
easy interfacing with a variety of microcontroller platforms such as Arduino/Genuino UNO,
Mega, Leonardo, Zero, 101, and Raspberry Pi models including Raspberry Pi 13 and
Raspberry Pi Zero. Additionally, it seamlessly integrates with other controller boards like
CIKU, CT-UNO, and CT-ARM. Featuring a straightforward setup, this relay module
includes clearly labeled pins for effortless connection. With its SPDT configuration, it allows
for flexible switching between two separate circuits, making it ideal for applications requiring
polarity reversal or circuit switching. Whether you're controlling lighting systems, motors, or
other high-current devices, this relay ensures reliable performance. Crafted for convenience,
this relay module operates at both 5V and 3.3V power inputs, offering compatibility with a
wide range of power sources. Its compact design and durable construction make it suitable
for various projects where space and reliability are paramount. Equipped with high-quality
components, this relay guarantees stable and efficient operation, even in demanding
environments. With its ample 7Amp capacity, it provides ample power handling capability,
ensuring safe and reliable switching for your projects.
Experience seamless control and enhanced functionality in your projects with this 5VDC
SPDT 7Amp relay, offering precision, reliability, and versatility in a compact and easy-to-use
package.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

18
 Fig.4.6

Software description
Program
int pirPin = 2; // PIR sensor connected to digital pin 2
int ledPin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13

void setup() {
pinMode(pirPin, INPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
int pirState = digitalRead(pirPin);
if (pirState == HIGH) {
Serial.println("Motion detected!");
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on the LED
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off the LED
}
delay(500); // Adjust delay as needed
}

4.3 Conculsion

In summary, the hardware/software description section has elucidated the intricate ecosystem
powering our Smart Classroom for Electricity-Saving initiative. By meticulously detailing the
hardware components and software frameworks, we've underscored the synergy between
technology and sustainability. Through this comprehensive overview, we've showcased how
our integrated approach harnesses innovative solutions to optimize energy consumption in
educational settings. As we conclude this section, it's evident that our Smart Classroom
represents a pioneering leap towards a more efficient and environmentally conscious future
for learning environments."

19
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Introdution

This section embarks on a journey through the results and discussions derived from our Smart
Classroom for Electricity-Saving project. As we delve into the findings, we aim to uncover
valuable insights and engage in critical discourse regarding the effectiveness and implications
of our energy-saving strategies. Through this exploration, we seek to shed light on the impact
of our interventions, offering a deeper understanding of their significance in shaping
sustainable educational environments."

5.2 Findings and analysis

Before the motion infront of PIR sensor

Fig.5.1

After the motion

20
 Fig.5.2

5.3 Conclusion

In conclusion, our results and discussions illuminate the effectiveness of our Smart
Classroom for Electricity-Saving project. These findings underscore the potential for
sustainable practices in education. Moving forward, continued research and implementation
efforts are crucial for optimizing energy efficiency in classrooms globally."

21
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

The project reports an energy saving system using a Passive Infrared Radio sensor to switch
‘off’ fan and light circuits in the classroom in the absence of students. The built device was
placed at the main entrance. It was realized that its sensitivity limit was low. As a result of
this a second one was placed at the far end diagonally to improve the sensitivity limit. The
design system comprises a motion detector and temperature sensing component. The motion
detector is meant to detect any human being displaced through the infrared (IR) heat
generated by human body. The temperature detector operates when the room temperature is
above a given threshold. For this project the room temperature is summed to be in the range
of 25OC to 30OC in other to meet the weather condition experienced in Ghana. Two sensors
were used and placed diagonally in other to cover the entire classroom. The future should
include a shorter recovery time for the device to switch off the lamp and fan in a span time of
60seconds when there is no occupancy.

22
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