Chemistry Project

on
DETERMINATION OF CONTENTS OF
COLD DRINKS

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 Certificate

This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work

has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the

related data collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely

and satisfactorily by ____________________________

___________________of CLASS XII ,VIGNAN STEEL CITY PUBLIC

SCHOOL, DUVVADA, VISAKHAPATNAM, regarding his project

titled “DETERMINARION OF THE CONTENTS OF COLD

DRINKS”

Teacher’s Signature

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 Acknowledgement

It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher

Dr. T.V.S.P.V. SATYA GURU in providing a helping hand in this project. His valuable

guidance, support and supervision all through this project are responsible for attaining its

present form. I would also like to thank the college of Vignan Steel City Public School

for accepting my project in my desired field of expertise. I’d also like to thank my friends and

parents for their support and encouragement as I worked on this assignment.

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Contents
 Introduction
 Theory
 Aim
 Apparatus
 Chemicals Required
 Detection of pH Test for Carbon Dioxide

 Test for Glucose

 Test for Phosphate
 Test for Alcohol
 Test for Sucrose
 Result

 Precautions
 Conclusion
 Bibliography

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Introduction :

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its
beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group of companies. Since, the
beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke. Now days, it is observed in
general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Fanta and Limca to give feeling of
lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up to activate pulse and brain.

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Theory:

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates,

carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness and
have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to
form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y. On the basis of their molecule size
carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen
grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the
extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is
widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main
source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet
which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is
C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in
nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can
be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic
contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.

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Aim:

Comparitive Study and Qualitative Analysis of different brands of Cold Drinks available in
market.

Apparatus:

Test Tubes Test Tube Holder Test Tube Stand Stop Watch Beaker Bunsen Burner pH Paper
Tripod Stand China Dish Wire Gauge Water Bath

Chemicals Required:

Iodine Solution Potassium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Lime Water Fehling’s A & B Solution
Concentrated Nitric Acid Benedict Solution Ammonium Molybdate

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Detection Of pH:

Experiment Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and
put on the pH paper. The change in colour of pH paper was noticed and was compared with
standard pH scale.

Inference :

Soft Drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid.
pH values of cold drinks of different brand are different due to the variation in amount
of acidic content.

Test For Carbon Dioxide:

Experiment As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through
lime water. The lime water turned milky.

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Inference:

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide (CO2)
dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.

Chemical Reaction:

Test For Glucose:

Experiment Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:-

1.Benedict’s Reagent Test Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for
few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

Inference :

All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks
contain glucose.

2. Fehling’s Solution Test Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown
precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

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Inference :

All samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B) solutions. Hence all the
cold drinks contain glucose.

Test For Phosphate:

Experiment Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was
added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed
the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks.

Inference :

All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain phosphate.

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Test For Alcohol:

Experiment Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test
tubes and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution
was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes.
Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

Inference :

All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks contain
alcohol.

Chemical Reaction

Test for Sucrose:

Experiment 5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes
and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

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Inference:

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand of
drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.

Result: After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold
drinks namely:

1. Coca Cola

2. Sprite

3. Limca

4. Fanta

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are
acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic
and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken. Among the four samples of cold drinks
taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the
minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

Precautions:

Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are :

1. Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.

2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment.

3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage.

4. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious
amounts of water.

5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your workstation.

6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your neighbour.

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Conclusion:

DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large
amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.

2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to
suppress hunger feeling.

3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones.

4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in
about 4 days.

5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter
place cards reserved for highly consive material.

6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.

3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.

4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease from clothes.

5. They can loose a rusted bolt.

Bibliography
Following books and websites were a source for my project .
Comprehensive Chemistry Lab Manual – Dr. N. K. Verma
www. Google.com, www.Wikipedia., www. Unoregon.edu.

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