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Module 7 - 20250120 - 180916 - 0000

The document discusses intermolecular forces (IMFs), which are the forces of attraction between molecules, atoms, and ions, and categorizes them into three main types: London Dispersion Force, Dipole-Dipole Interactions, and Hydrogen Bonding. It explains how these forces influence the physical properties of matter and are governed by Coulomb's law, with hydrogen bonding being the strongest type of IMF. Additionally, it highlights the role of polarity in determining the strength of dipole-dipole interactions and the nature of London dispersion forces.

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8 views13 pages

Module 7 - 20250120 - 180916 - 0000

The document discusses intermolecular forces (IMFs), which are the forces of attraction between molecules, atoms, and ions, and categorizes them into three main types: London Dispersion Force, Dipole-Dipole Interactions, and Hydrogen Bonding. It explains how these forces influence the physical properties of matter and are governed by Coulomb's law, with hydrogen bonding being the strongest type of IMF. Additionally, it highlights the role of polarity in determining the strength of dipole-dipole interactions and the nature of London dispersion forces.

Uploaded by

rawrr0694
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERMOLECULAR

FORCES OF
ATTRACTION
MODULE 7
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
This force inside molecules that
keeps those atoms stick to one
another, is known as intramolecular
force or interatomic force. They
tend to interact with other
molecules so as to produce other
substances or compounds.
INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
There is a strong attraction that
creates these different phases of
matter which influences their
physical properties. This strong
force attracting these molecules
is known as Intermolecular Force
or IMF.
Intermolecular force is the force that exists between and
among molecules, atoms and ions. This force of attraction was
termed van der Waals force after the Dutch physicist Johannes
Diderik van der Waals (1837-1923) who made an extensive
research on the weak forces between atoms.
this force of attraction is governed by Coloumb’s law, which is
all about electrostatic force or electrical charges which states
that like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Due to
constant and random movement of electrons along the outer
shell of an atom, a force of attraction between molecules takes
place.
THREE MAIN TYPES OF
INTERMOLECULAR FORCE
1. London Dispersion Force
2. Dipole – Dipole Interactions
3. Hydrogen Bonding or H-Bond
LONDON DISPERSION FORCE
London dispersion force (LDF) is the weakest among all.
This was first explained by German-born American
physicist Fritz London in 1928.
Atoms or molecules can develop a temporary or
instantaneous dipole if its electrons are asymmetrically
distributed, this ‘on – the – spot dipole’ can, as a result,
distort the electrons of a neighbouring atom or
molecule, producing an induced dipole.
“London dispersion exists in nonpolar and in all other
molecules.”
DIPOLE – DIPOLE INTERACTIONS
The totality of these attraction and repulsion
forces that occur in polar molecules with net
dipole moment is called dipole-dipole
interactions.
The strength of dipole-dipole interactions largely
depends upon the polarity of covalent molecules.
The more polar molecules, the stronger are the
dipole-dipole interactions.
Attractive interactions are produced when the molecules
orient in which the slightly positive end (δ+) is near the
slightly negative end (δ−).
Dipole – Dipole Interactions exist when there is a charge
difference across correctly aligned molecules.
“dipole-dipole exists in polar molecules, and is
considerably stronger than the temporary London force.”
HYDROGEN BONDING OR H-BOND
The strongest among the three IMFs.
Special type of dipole-dipole interaction.
When the hydrogen in a molecule is bonded
to a highly electronegative atom– fluorine,
oxygen or nitrogen (F,O,N).
Hydrogen bonding is a relatively strong
force of attraction between molecules.
highly electronegative side of oxygen is oriented toward
the less electronegative side of hydrogen among
molecules of water.
“It’s FON to have H-bond” or you say “H-bond is e-NOF”

* H2O is a polar covalent molecule


(asymmetric)
* Has a permanent net dipole
moment(unequal e)
* H is attracted to a highly
electronegative atom (O)
THANK YOU
VERY MUCH!

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