SCHEME OF WORK

Programme
Title:
CSIT Level: Bachelor

Unit Title: Image Processing Tutor: Shaurav Lamsal

Academic
Unit Number: CSC-321 Year:
2026

Session
Topics Session Activities
per Week
Digital Image, A Simple Image Model- Definition of
digital image, pixels, representation of digital image in
spatial domain as well as in matrix form. Fundamental
steps in Image Processing - Block diagram of
fundamentals steps in digital image processing,  Lecture and Presentation
Session 1
application of digital image processing system,
Elements of Digital Image Processing systems. Element
of visual perception - Structure of the Human, Image
Formation in the Eye, Brightness Adaptation and
Discrimination. Sampling and Quantization - Basic
Concepts in Sampling and Quantization, Representing
Digital Images, Spatial and GrayLevel Resolution.
Some basic relationships like Neighbor - Neighbors of a
Pixel, Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and
Boundaries, Distance Measures between pixels.
Basic Gray Level Transformations - Point operations,  Lecture and Presentation
Session 2
Contrast stretching, clipping and thresholding, digital
negative, intensity level slicing, log transformation,
power log transformation, bit plane slicing. Histogram
Processing - Unnormalized and Normalized Histogram,
Histogram Equalization, Use of Histogram Statistics for
Image Enhancement.
Session
Topics Session Activities
per Week
Spatial operations - Basics of Spatial Filtering, Linear
filters, Spatial Low pass smoothing filters, Averaging,
Weighted Averaging, Non-Linear filters, Median filter,
Maximum and Minimum filters, High pass sharpening  Lecture and Presentation
filters, High boost filter, high frequency emphasis filter,
Session 3  Group discussion
Gradient based filters, Robert Cross Gradient Operators,
Prewitt filters, Sobel filters, Second Derivative filters,
Laplacian filters.
Magnification- Magnification by replication and
interpolation.
Introduction - Introduction to Fourier Transform and the
frequency Domain, 1-D and 2-D Continuous Fourier
transform, 1-D and 2-D Discrete Fourier transform.
Properties of Fourier Transform- Logarthmic,  Lecture and Presentation
Session 4 Separability, Translation, Periodicity, Implications of
Periodicity and symmetry.
Smoothing Frequency Domain Filters- Ideal Low Pass
Filter, Butterworth Low Pass Filter, Gaussian Low Pass
Filter.
Sharpening Frequency Domain Filters - Ideal High Pass
Filter, Butterworth High Pass Filter, Gaussian High Pass
Filter, Laplacian Filter.
Fast Fourier Transform - Computing and Visualizing the  Lecture and Presentation
Session 5 2D DFT (Time Complexity of DFT), Derivation of 1-D
Fast Fourier Transform, Time Complexity of FFT,
Concept of Convolution, Correlation and Padding.
Other Image Transforms - Hadamard transform, Haar
transform and Discrete Cosine transform.
Image Restoration - Introduction, Models for Image
degradation and restoration process, Noise Models
(Gaussian, Rayleigh, Erlang, Exponential, Uniform and
Impulse), Estimation of Noise Parameters.
Restoration Filters-Mean Filters: Arithmetic, Geometric,  Lecture and Presentation
Session 6
Harmonic and Contraharmonic Mean Filters Order
Statistics Filters: Median, Min and Max, Midpoint and
Alpha trimmed mean filters Band pass and Band Reject
filters: Ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian Band pass and
Band Reject filters.
Session
Topics Session Activities
per Week
Image Compression - Introduction, Definition of
Compression Ratio, Relative Data Redundancy,
Average Length of Code Redundancies in Image:
Coding Redundancy (Huffman Coding), Interpixel  Lecture and Presentation
Session 7 Redundancy (Run Length Coding) and Psychovisual
Redundancy (4- bit Improved Gray Scale Coding: IGS
Coding Scheme).
Image compression models - Lossless and Lossy
Predictive Model (Block Diagram and Explanation)
Presentation by Students of topic
Session 8 Presentation
given to them
Introduction - Logic Operations involving binary
images, Introduction to Morphological Image  Lecture and Presentation
Session 9 Processing, Definition of Fit and Hit.
Morphological Operations- Dilation and Erosion,
Opening and Closing
Introduction- Definition, Similarity and Discontinuity
based techniques.
Discontinuity Based Techniques - Point Detection, Line  Lecture and Presentation
Session 10
Detection, Edge Detection using Gradient and Laplacian  Group Discussion
Filters, Mexican Hat Filters, Edge Linking and
Boundary Detection, Hough Transform.
Similarity based techniques- Thresholding: Global,
Local and Adaptive Region Based Segmentation:  Lecture and Presentation
Session 11
Region Growing Algorithm, Region Split and Merge
Algorithm.
Representation and Descriptions- Introduction to some  Lecture and Presentation
Session 12 descriptors: Chain codes, Signatures, Shape Numbers,
Fourier Descriptors.
Recognition - Patterns and pattern classes, Decision-
Theoretic Methods, Introduction to Neural Networks  Lecture and Presentation
Session 13 and Neural Network based Image Recognition.
Pattern Recognition - an Overview of Pattern
Recognition with block diagram.
Presentation by Students on given
Session 14 Presentation
topic
Session 15 Revision and QA session Group Discussion and Quiz