Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood

Education

ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION AND
MAINTENANCE
1
 LESSON 1

Prepare Electrical Supplies, Materials,

and Tools

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to
do the following:

LO 1. identify electrical supplies, materials, and tools;

LO 2. request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for
a specific job; and
LO 3. receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials and
tools.
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Ampere - a unit of measure of electric current
The ampere, often shortened to amp, is the unit of electric current in the International System of Units. One
ampere is equal to 1 coulomb, or 6.241509074×10¹⁸ electrons' worth of charge, moving past a point in a
second.

Circuit - the path of electric current from the source to the components and goes back
to the source

Kilowatt - a unit of power equivalent to 1000w

Conductor - a wire or a cord which provides path for current flow

Resistance - the quality of electric current measured in ohms that resist the flow of current

Hot wire - a wire through which current flows

Insulator – material used to cover electric wires which may be made from plastic,
rubber, or asbestos

Tools - implements used to modify raw materials for human use

Corrugated plastic conduit (CPC) - commonly known as flexible non-metallic conduit
or moldflex

Metallic Conduits- metal raceways classified into four: rigid steel conduit (RSC),
intermediate metallic conduit or tubing (IMC or IMT), electrical metallic conduit or tubing
(EMC or EMT), and flexible metallic conduit (FMC)

Non-metallic conduits- plastic conduits or raceways designed to be a channel of wire that

are classified as rigid non-metallic conduit or PVC, flexible non-metallic or CPC, and
surface plastic molding

Connectors and Adapters - accessories that are used to connect boxes to conduits or
raceways to the other boxes in the electrical system
 LESSON 1: PREPARE ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES, MATERIALS, AND
TOOLS

 Tools and materials are identified as per job requirement.

 Tools are classified according to their function as per job requirement.
 Materials are classified according to their uses in a specific project.
 Tools and materials are selected.

ELECTRICAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Electrical tasks can be accomplished systematically to save time, effort, and

resources. Most of the work cannot be done using bare hands. To do the task, electrical
tools or equipment are needed to perform the job. This lesson will discuss the
function/use of each tool or equipment used in electrical wiring installations.

The following are common electrical tools and equipment needed in the installation of
electrical wiring.

I. SCREWDRIVERS. These
tools are made of steel
hardened and tempered at
the tip used to loosen or
tighten screws with slotted
heads.
They come in various
sizes and shapes.

A. Standard/Flat
Screwdriver. The blade
tip is wedge-shaped
and resembles a
negative (-) sign. This is
used to drive screws
with a single slot head.

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 B. Philips Screwdriver. This
has a cross tip resembling
a positive (+) sign. This is
used to drive screws with
cross slot heads.

C. Stubby Screwdriver. This

comes in either Standard
or Philips screwdriver with
short shank or blade and
a shorted handle used to
turn screws in tight
spaces where a standard
screwdriver cannot be
used.

D. Allen Screwdriver/Wrench.
This could be in the shape
of a screwdriver or a
wrench. Its function is to
drive screws with
hexagonal slot heads.

II. HAMMERS. These are

tools used in driving or
pounding and pulling out
nails. They are made of
hard steel, wood, plastic,
or rubber. The following
B C
are types of hammers:
A. Claw hammer
B. Mallet(rubber head)
C. Ballpeen hammer

10
III. PLIERS. These tools are
made from metal with
insulators in the handle and
are used for cutting,
twisting, bending, holding,
and gripping wires and
cables.

A. Combination Pliers
(Lineman’s Pliers). This
is used for gripping,
holding, and cutting
electrical wires and
cables and even small
nails. They are usually
used by linemen in
doing heavy tasks.

B. Side Cutting Pliers. This

type of pliers is used for
cutting fine, medium,
and big wires and
cables.

C. Long Nose Pliers. This is

used for cutting and
holding fine wires. This
can reach tight spaces
or small openings
where other pliers
cannot reach and is
also used in making
terminal loops of
copper wires.
IV. Wire Stripper. This is a tool
used for removing
insulation of medium-sized
wires ranging from gauge
#10 to gauge #16.

V. Electrician’s Knife. This is

used by linemen to remove
insulation of wire and
cables in low and high
voltage transmission lines.

VI. Portable Electric drill. A

small drilling machine with
a chuck capacity of ¼‖ to
3/8‖. It is used in making
holes on metal sheets and
concrete walls.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 14

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
13
 VII. Hacksaw. This tool is used
to cut metal conduit and
armored cable.

ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS

Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose, such as to:

1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;

2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming
apparatus;
3. hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and buildings;
and
4. protect houses, buildings, appliances, and instruments from destruction and
damage.

The following are the most commonly used electrical materials.

MATERIALS AND DESCRIPTION PICTURES

Convenience outlet- a device that acts as

a convenient source of electrical energy
for current consuming appliances. It is
where the male plug of an appliance is
inserted and is usually fastened on the
Surface type (duplex)
wall or connected in an extension cord. It
may be single, duplex, triplex, or
multiplex and could be surface type or
flush type.

Flush type (duplex)

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Male plug- a device inserted to a
convenience outlet to conduct electric
current. A flat cord is attached to it on
one end and the other end is connected
to a current-consuming instrument or
appliance. Male plugs

Lamp holders- devices that hold and

protect the lamp and are also called Lamp
Sockets/Receptacles. These come in many
designs and sizes. They are classified as
flush, hanging (weather proof/chain), and
surface types.

Flush type Hanging (chain)

Surface type Hanging (weather)

Switch - a device that connects and

disconnects the flow of electric current in
a circuit. There are many shapes,
designs, and types and they are
classified as hanging, flush, and surface
types.

Surface type

Flush type Hanging type

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Fuse - a circuit protective device that
automatically blows and cuts the current
when overload or short circuit happens.

Knife
blade Cartridge Plug type

Circuit Breaker - a protective device used

to automatically blow and cut the current
when trouble in the circuit such as short
circuit or overload occurs.

Circuit breaker

Junction Box - an octagonal shaped

electrical material where the connections
or joints of wires are being done. It is
also where the flush type lamp holder is
attached. This could be made of metal or Plastic
plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.

Metal

Utility Box - a rectangular shaped metallic

or plastic (PVC) material in which flush
type convenience outlet and switch are
attached.

METAL PLASTIC

12
Flat Cord - a duplex stranded wire used
for temporary wiring installation and
commonly used in extension cord
assembly. It comes in a roll of 150
meters and sizes of gauge #
18 and gauge # 16 awg (American wire
gauge).
Flat cord

Electrical Wire/Conductor- electrical

material that could be:

a. Stranded wire which is made of

multiple strands joined together to make a. Stranded wire
a single wire.

b. Solid wire is made of a single strand of

copper or aluminum wire. These are used
in wiring installation inside and outside b. Solid wire
the buildings.

Metallic conduit
Conduits/Pipes- electrical materials used
as the passage of wires for protection
and insulation. These could be rigid
metallic, flexible metallic conduit (FMC),
rigid non- metallic (PVC), and flexible
non-metallic or corrugated plastic conduit Flexible Non-metallic conduit or
(CPC). corrugated plastic conduit (CPC)

Rigid Non-metallic conduit (PVC)

13
Clamps- electrical materials used to hold
and anchor electrical conduits to their
Metal clamp Plastic clamp
proper position.

Connectors- used to attach metallic or

non-metallic conduit to the junction or
utility boxes. Metal connector Flexible non-metallic
connector

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LESSON 3: COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS

Introduction
As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance, you should acquire the
important knowledge and skills in wire splices and joints and be familiar with the actual
application of every splice and joint. This will serve as your tool in performing actual
wiring installation. Of course, another factor is the knowledge in interpreting and
analyzing the wiring diagram especially if the circuit is complicated.

The following are common electrical wire splices and joints.

Rat Tail or Pig Tail. This kind of joint Y-splice. This method of wrapping
is is
commonly u s e d t o j o i n t w o o r generally used on small cables
more because
conductors inside the junction box. the strands are flexible and can
It is all be
suitable for service where there is wrapped in one operation.
no
mechanical stress when wires are to
be
connected in an outlet box,
switch, or
conduit fitting.

Knotted tap. This is used where the Plain tap joint. This is used where
tap the
wire is under heavy tensile stress. tap wire is under considerable
tensile
stress circuit.

19
 Aerial tap. This is used as a temporary Duplex cross joint. This is a two-
tap tap wire turned simultaneously and
is used

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 18

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 usually done in constructions sites. where the two tap wire is under heavy
The easy twist will facilitate tap wire tensile stress.
movement.

Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is

the most widely used splice or joint in
Western Union Long Tie. This is used
interior wiring installation to extend
extensively for outside wiring to extend
the length of wire from one point to
the length of wire from one end to
another.
another.

Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is used on

Cross joint. The same application is
large solid conductors where it is difficult
done as in plain tap but the only
to wrap the heavy tap wire around the
difference is that this tap is a
main wire.
combination of two plain taps placed
side by side with each other.

EXTENSION CORD

An extension cord is a span of flexible electrical power cable with a plug on

one end and multiple sockets on the other end. It comes in several varieties to
suit the needs of the user. One of the most important considerations is the power
handling capacity to make it safe and functional.

Electrical gadgets are products of modern technology to make our life

better. The number of electrical gadgets available at home and in offices may
exceed the existing convenience outlets installed in every room. The best
remedy to address the insufficiency of available outlets is to use an extension
cord especially if the electrical gadgets need to operate at the same time.

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 Sample pictures of extension cords using different materials

How Much Have You Learned?

Self-Check 1.1

Direction. Identify each of the following tools/materials.

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 SKINNING OF WIRE USING DIFFERENT TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

DIRECTIONS. Given are sets of tasks and their corresponding pictures. Practice those using
appropriate tools and materials. Your performance will be judged using the following
criteria:

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS:

CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
Accuracy

Workmanship

Proper handling of
tools

Speed

Legend:

4- Excellent 3- Good 2- Fair 1- Poor

SCALE DESCRIPTION POINTS

4 Excellent 93-100

3 Good 86-92

2 Fair 79-85

1 Poor 78 and below

o Accuracy- the ability to follow the procedures/directions with precision

o Workmanship- the art, skill, and finality of work
o Proper handling of tools- the ability to apply proper handling of tools for
a given task
o Speed- efficiency of work

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TOOLS:
1. Combination pliers
2. Side cutting pliers
3. Long nose pliers
4. Wire stripper
5. Electrician’s knife

MATERIALS:
Solid and stranded copper wires of different sizes: #14, #12, #10

Task Pictures of the Tasks

s

1. Skin a wire about 1 to 1 ½ inches

long using an electrician’s knife.

2. Skin a wire about 1 ½ inches

long using combination and side
cutting pliers. Make sure that there
will be no knick ( deep cut across
the wire) on your skinned wires.

3. Remove insulators about 1 to 1

½ inches long using wire stripper.

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 Operation Sheet 1.2A

CONNECTING SKINNED WIRES TO WIRING MATERIALS

OBJECTIVE: To be able to properly connect skinned wires to bulb receptacles,

convenience outlets, switches, or any other wiring materials.

TOOLS
1. Combination pliers
2. Side cutting pliers
3. Long nose pliers
4. Wire stripper
5. Electrician’s knife
6. Phillips screwdriver
7. Flat screwdriver

MATERIALS:

 Electrical wires used in Activity 1.1

PROCEDURE:

Follow the procedure below

1. Make terminal loops from your

skinned wires of about 1 to 1 ½
inches long using long nose
pliers.

2. Connect the skinned wire to

screw terminals of the bulb
receptacle.

*Be sure that the wire loop

is connected or attached to
the terminal screw in a
clockwise direction.

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3. Attach the loop to the screw
and tighten it to the
convenience outlet tightly.

*Be sure that the wire loop

is connected or attached to
the terminal screw in a
clockwise direction.

4. Insert the loop to the screw of

the switch and tighten it.

*Be sure that the wire loop

is connected or attached to
the terminal screw in a
clockwise direction.

5. Insert the loop to the screw of

the fuse terminal and tighten it.

*Be sure that the wire loop

is connected or attached to
the terminal screw in a
clockwise direction.

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

Request appropriate supplies, materials, and tools for a

specific job

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FORMS

Correctness of the entries in different forms used in electrical work is

necessary in order to acquire right, complete, and accurate number of materials
and tools needed for a specific electrical job. Here are samples of different forms
used in electrical work.

1. Purchase requisition is a document generated by a user department or

storeroom personnel to notify the purchasing department about items it needs to
order, their quantity, and the time frame. It may also contain the authorization to
proceed with the purchase. This is also called purchase request or requisition.

REQUISITION SLIP FORM

Name:
Project:
Location:
Classification:
Purpose:
NO. QUANTITY UNIT DESCRIPTION UNIT TOTAL
COST COST
1
2
3 5 meters Electrical Stranded, 12, color, 25 Php 125 Php
Wire
4 1 piece Lamp Round,
holder
5 1 Piece Load Yellow, led, white led, 7
watts,

REQUISITIONER TEACHER HEAD PRINCIPAL

26
 2. Inventory are raw materials, work-in-process goods, and completely
finished goods that are considered to be the portion of a business's assets
that are ready or will be ready for sale. Inventory represents one of the
most important assets that most businesses possess, because the
turnover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of revenue
generation and subsequent earnings for the company's
shareholders/owners.

INVENTORY OF MATERIALS FORM

Name:

Section:

School:

Shop lab.:

Purpose:

Tools/ No. of No. of not No. of No. of No. of

Equip- Qty. Functional Functional Condemn- Borrowed Missing
ment but able
Repairable

REQUISITIONER TEACHER HEAD PRINCIPAL

Date:

27
3. Job Order or Work Order Form is a written instruction to perform a task
according to specified requirements, time frame, and cost estimates.

SAMPLE OF JOB ORDER FORM OR WORK ORDER FORM

28
 4. Borrower’s Form is a form used to request for tools and equipment
needed for a particular job. It indicates the department the borrower is
connected, with the date, the job that is to be done, the person who will
approve the request, when it was returned, and if it was in good
condition.
EQUIPMENT BORROWERS FORM
(Revised 31August2010; Accomplish in duplicate)
REQUEST NO: (do not fill up this item) DATE:
MR / MS
(Please encircle) SURNAME GIVEN NAME MIDDLE

ADDRESS: CONTACT NO. E-MAIL ADDRESS:

Please check:
□ Student Student No. Subject:
□ Dept Faculty Employee No.
□ Dept.
REPS/Staff Department College:
□ Others Office Address.
Accompanying DGE-TCAGP Member:
PURPOSE:
INTENDED PERIOD OF USE: to LOCATION:

CHECKLIST OF REQUESTED ITEMS *:

* If more than 8 items, provide another attachment.

** Do not fill this part; to be countersigned by authorized staff upon receipt and return.

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL (for DGE students):

Thesis Adviser/Faculty-in-Charge)
Borrower’s Name in Print and Signature This is to certify that:
Date: 1. I have read, understood, and agreed to the “Terms
of (Fill this portion only during the time of borrowing.) Use for AG&ST Equipment” (back of
this page).
2. I received the above listed equipment completely and
APPROVED: in good order.
3 JR.. I swear to use the above listed equipment with due
JUAN DELA CRUZ JR., Dr. Eng. care and diligence.
AG&ST Lab Coordinator 4. In case of damage or loss, I shall be responsible
for repair or replacement:
APPROVED:

JUAN DELA CRUZ JR., Dr. Eng. (Borrower’s Name over printed
name) Chair, DGE and Director, TCAGP

To be accomplished upon return of equipment

Date returned:
All items in good condition? YES NO, (If no, please attach damage report)
Any missing item? YES NO, Please describe:
Received by:

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 3

Receive and inspect electrical supplies, materials, and tools

RECEIVING AND INSPECTING FREIGHT SHIPMENTS

One of the tasks of a supply officer or logistics officer is the purchase of

the company’s supplies, materials, and anything that the company needs. But
this duty does not end in just purchasing but also in receiving the deliveries of
what was purchased.

In receiving the deliveries, understand that you need to ensure that the
right materials and supplies were delivered and all are in good condition without
defects.

A. When you receive a shipment, ask the shipper the following questions:

1. Is it for me? Check the delivery receipt for the consignee's name and
address. If your agency has more than one location, make sure the goods
are for this exact address. Check the freight to see if it is the same as
what is described on the delivery receipt. Look at the label on each item
to make sure the shipment belongs to you.
2. Is it damaged? Do not sign the receipt before inspecting for damage. Check for
holes, water, stains, and tears. Pick up cartons if you can. Check for rattling.
Listen for something broken inside. Check to see if any package has been
opened or if the sealing tape has been tampered with.

3. Is the piece count correct? Count the pieces and match the number on the
delivery receipt to the number you have counted. If the shipment is on a pallet,
check to make sure the pallet is solid with no voids inside the stack. If the
shipment is shrink or stretch wrapped, make sure the wrap hasn't been cut and
pieces removed. Sign only for the type of unit you receive. For example: two
pallets. Don't sign for the number of packages that are supposed to be on the
pallet. However, if time permits or the pallet is not banded or shrink wrapped,
count the packages, and only then sign for the number of packages.

B. If your delivery doesn't check out, do one of the following:

1. Refuse shipment if it isn't yours, if the shipment does not meet the terms
specified by your

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 30

K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education
 agency, or is damaged to the point where it no longer has a value.
2. If yours, and only partially damaged or short, accept it and note exceptions on
the delivery
receipt.

C. How to note exceptions:

1. Damage Notations: Be specific. Describe the damage accurately. Pinpoint

the locations of all defects. If you can see the damage, have the driver
wait while you open and inspect the packages. Write down the number
and identity of the damaged pieces. This is called a "joint inventory."

2. Shortage Notations: If part of shipment is missing, write the number of

pieces actually delivered on the delivery receipt and circle it. Then write
down the number of pieces missing and note them as "short."

3. Signatures: Write down all exceptions on both copies of the delivery

receipt. Have the driver sign both copies of the delivery receipt in his full
name (not initials or nicknames). After the driver signs, you sign also.
Write your agency's name, your full name, the date, and the time of day.

D. Follow these steps when requesting an inspection:

1. The receiving person is responsible for requesting the carrier to inspect

the damaged goods and packaging. The formal request should be made
by phone right after discovering any loss or damage.
2. After the phone request, make a request for inspection by the carrier in
writing. Note the date and time of your previous phone call and the
person contacted. Keep a copy of your request letter on file.
3. Once contacted about damage or shortage, the carrier may waive
inspection
and tell you so. If so, write down the name of the person who
waived the
inspection, and the date and time of waiver. Then conduct your own
detailed
inspection. Write up your findings in a report and attach it to the
file. If you
can, take photographs to confirm your inspection report.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 31

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ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE 32
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education