Maths Short notes
Maths Short notes
Grade 10 & 11
2 The sum of two adjacent angles on a straight line is 180°. They are known as a pair of
supplementary adjacent angles.
3 The sum of the angles formed by meeting a few lines at a point is 360°.
7 If two angles and a side of one triangle are equal to two angles and the corresponding
side of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent. (AAS)
8 If the three sides of a triangle are equal to the three sides of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent. (AAA)
9 If the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right-angled triangle are equal to the
lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of another right-angled triangle, then the two triangles
are congruent. (RHS)
12 Pairs of angles of which the sum is 90° are called complementary angles.
Pairs of angles of which the sum is 180° are called supplementary angles.
13 The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with n sides is = (n - 2) x 180°
The sum of exterior angles of any polygon is 360°
14 The magnitude of an exterior angle of any regular polygon = 360°
The number of sides in the polygon
15 If two sides are equal in a triangle, the angles opposite the equal sides are equal.
if AB = BC
then B𝐴C = B𝐶 A
if B𝐴C = B𝐶 A
then AB = BC
23 The straight line segment through the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the
third side and equal in length to half of it.
24 The straight line through the midpoint of one side of a triangle and parallel to another side,
bisects the third side.
25 Parallelograms on the same base and between the same pair of parallel lines are equal in
area.
27 Triangles on the same base and between the same pair of parallel lines are equal in area.
29 A line drawn parallel to a side of a triangle divides the other two sides
proportionally.
33 The straight line joining the centre of the circle to the midpoint of a chord is
perpendicular to the chord.
44 The angles which a tangent to a circle makes with a chord drawn from
the point of contact are respectively equal to the angles in the alternate segments
of the circle.
45 Rectangle
i. All the vertex angles are right angles.
ii. The diagonals are equal in length.
Square 4a a²
Rectangle 2(a+b) ab
;
Triangle a +b +c
½x a x h
Rhombus a +b +c + d ½ x (a+b) x h
fraction of the
Sector of circle Arc length Perimeter Area
circumference
x 2 x 2 + 2r x
x 2 x 2 + 2r x
x 2 x 2 + 2r x
x 2 x 2 + 2r x
x 2 x 2 + 2r x
Binomial Expression
Square of binomial Expression
(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b² (a - b)² = a² - 2ab + b²
(-a + b)² = a² - 2ab + b² (-a - b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
(-a + b)³ = -a³ + 3a²b - 3ab² + b³ (-a - b)³ = -a³ - 3a²b - 3ab² - b³
x = + =
= - = ⁄
( ) = =r
= ,( ) =( ) =
=1 =1
= then =0
= then a = b = x =y
√ = =n =m
Arithmetic Progression
Tn = a + (n – 1) d Sn = ( ) Sn = * ( ) +
Geometic Progression
Tn = ( )
Sn = ( )
st
a – 1 Term
a – 1st Term
n – number of term
n – number of term
r – common ratio
r – common ratio
Data Represent
A B= A B B A
01 02 03
A B A B A
04 05 06
A B A B (A B)
07 08 09
(A B)
A B A
10 11 12
B A B (A B)
Solid bodies
Solid bodies Surface Area Volume
2(ab+ac+bc) V = abc
V= xbxhxH
a² + 2aℓ V = a² h
πr² + πrℓ V = ππ r² h
4πr² ππr³
3πr² πr³
2πr²+2πrh V = πr²h
Straight line
Gradient of the straight line through the
( ),( ) points
m= or m=
Medium = th place
√
Sin
√
√
Cos
√
Tan 1 √
√