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XII-REVISION

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to Mendelian and chromosomal disorders, focusing on inheritance patterns, genetic conditions, and specific disorders like Down syndrome and haemophilia. It includes multiple-choice questions about the causes and characteristics of various genetic disorders, as well as explanations of inheritance mechanisms. Additionally, it addresses the implications of chromosomal abnormalities and the likelihood of passing on genetic traits.

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2 views6 pages

XII-REVISION

The document contains a series of questions and answers related to Mendelian and chromosomal disorders, focusing on inheritance patterns, genetic conditions, and specific disorders like Down syndrome and haemophilia. It includes multiple-choice questions about the causes and characteristics of various genetic disorders, as well as explanations of inheritance mechanisms. Additionally, it addresses the implications of chromosomal abnormalities and the likelihood of passing on genetic traits.

Uploaded by

affanmedico555
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/7/2024

REVISION-CLASS XIIA
MENDELIAN DISORDERS AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS

1. Down syndrome usually occurs because of:


a. an abnormal X chromosome.
b. nondisjunction by older ova.
c. an autosomal dominant gene.
d. an autosomal recessive gene.
2. If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, the disorder is:
a. polyploidy.
b. aneuploidy.
c. disjunction.
d. nondisjunction.
e. translocation.
4. In autosomal dominant inherited disorders:
a. affected individuals do not have an affected parent.
b. affected individuals who mate with unaffected people have a 50% risk of having an
affected off-spring.
c. male offspring are most often affected.
d. unaffected children born to affected parents will have affected children.
5. Which of the following is FALSE of X-linked recessive inherited disorders?
a. affected males have normal sons.
b. affected males have affected daughters.
c. sons of female carriers have a 50% risk of being affected.
d. the affected male transmits the gene to all daughters, thus, they are carriers.
6. If a male inherits an autosomal recessive disorder, he inherited it from his:
a. mother.
b. father.
c. mother and father.
7. Trisomy 21 syndrome is caused by:
a. paternal disjunction.
b. maternal disjunction.
c. maternal translocation.
d. maternal nondisjunction.
8. Which of the following is FALSE of X-linked recessive inherited disorders?
a. affected males have normal sons.
b. affected males have affected daughters.
c. sons of female carriers have a 50% risk of being affected.
d. the affected male transmits the gene to all daughters, thus, they are carriers.
9. If a male inherits an autosomal recessive disorder, he inherited it from his:
a. mother.
b. father.
c. mother and father.
10. Why do normal red blood cells become elongated and sickle-shaped in structure in a
person suffering from sickle-cell anaemia?

11.Genetic disorders that are caused by structural changes to a chromosome or excesses

or deficiencies of entire genes located on chromosomes are called:

a. All of these answers are correct.


b. Non-genetic disorder
c. Multifactorial Inheritance Disorder
d. Monogenetic Disorder
e. Chromosome Disorders
12. An individual is XXY. What is their sex?

a. Male
b. Female
c. 50% will be males and 50% will be females
d. They will not have a sex as the X chromosomes will cancel the one Y chromosome
13) a) What is the mode of inheritance of traits causing haemophilia?

(b) What would be the possibility of a female and male child having haemophilia in the
following scenarios?

(i) The mother is a unaffected and the father is affected


(ii) The mother is a carrier and the father is unaffected
14) (a) State two points of difference between aneuploidy and polyploidy.

(b) Failure in which phase of cell division can cause the conditions mentioned in (a)?

15) A colour-blind father will not have a colour-blind son. State if the above statement is true
and justify your answer if the mother is homozygous for the:

(a) colour blind trait

(b) normal vision trait

17) What is Down’s syndrome? Give its symptoms and cause. Why is it that the chances of
having a child with Down’s syndrome increases if the age of the mother exceeds forty years?

18) Why the frequency of red-green colour blindness is many times higher in males than that
in the females?

19) If a father and son are both defective in red-green colour vision, is it likely that the son
inherited the trait from his father? Comment.
20) A normal visioned woman, whose father is colour blind, marries a normal visioned man.
What would be probability of her sons and daughters to be colour blind? Explain with the
help of a pedigree chart.

21) The son of a haemophilic man may not get this genetic disorder. Mention the reason.

22) Name a disorder a human suffers from as a result of monosomy of the sex chromosome.
Give the karyotype and write the symptoms.

*************************************************************************
Answers

Q.84 (a) X-linked recessive transmission


(b) 0.5 marks for each of the following:
(i) male child: all will be unaffected
female child: all will be carriers
(ii) male child: half will be affected and half will be unaffected
female child: half will be carriers and half will be unaffected
Q.85 (a) 1 mark each for the following:
- Aneuploidy is the loss or gain of an extra chromosome whereas polyploidy is
the gain of an entire chromosome set(s).
- Aneuploidy is common in humans whereas polyploidy is common in plants.
[Accept any other valid point of difference]
(b) 0.5 marks each for the following:
Aneuploidy - anaphase
3
Competency Focused Practice Questions | Biology | Grade 12 47
Polyploidy - anaphase/cytokinesis
[marks to be given only if the mode of inheritance is mentioned]
(a) Since colour blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder, a colour blind male
will share the normal Y chromosome and the colour blind mother will share a
chromosome with the colour blindness trait to the child, making him a carrier
but having normal vision.
(b) A colour blind male will transfer the normal Y chromosome and the mother
with normal vision will transfer a chromosome with the normal vision trait to
the child so the child will noQ.89 0.5 marks each for any TWO points of difference such as:
- Klinefelter's syndrome is caused due to the presence of an additional copy of
the X chromosome whereas Turner's syndrome is caused due to the absence of
an X chromosome.
- Klinefelter's syndrome occurs in both genders whereas Turner's syndrome is
found in females.
[Accept any other valid point]
0.5 marks each for any TWO similarities such as:
- Both are chromosomal disorders related to the sex chromosomest be a carrier too.

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