Technical science and innovation

Volume 2022 Issue 1 Article 2

4-15-2022

Development of a Wearable Device for Monitoring and Predicting

Human Health in Emergencies
Mukhriddin Arabboev
Tashkent universityof information technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi,
[email protected]

Shohruh Begmatov
Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi

Khabibullo Nosirov
Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi

Jean Chamberlain Chedjou

University of Klagenfurt

Kyandoghere Kyamakya
University of Klagenfurt

Follow this and additional works at: https://btstu.researchcommons.org/journal

Part of the Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation Commons, and the Civil and Environmental
Engineering Commons

Recommended Citation
Arabboev, Mukhriddin; Begmatov, Shohruh; Nosirov, Khabibullo; Chedjou, Jean Chamberlain; and
Kyamakya, Kyandoghere (2022) "Development of a Wearable Device for Monitoring and Predicting Human
Health in Emergencies," Technical science and innovation: Vol. 2022: Iss. 1, Article 2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51346/tstu-01.22.1-77-0158
Available at: https://btstu.researchcommons.org/journal/vol2022/iss1/2

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Technical Science and Innovation. It has been accepted
for inclusion in Technical science and innovation by an authorized editor of Technical Science and Innovation. For
more information, please contact [email protected].
 Civil and environmental engineering
UDC 811.111:004.8

DEVELOPMENT OF A WEARABLE DEVICE FOR MONITORING AND

PREDICTING HUMAN HEALTH IN EMERGENCIES

M. Araboev1, Sh. Begmatov1, Kh. Nosirov1, Ch.Ch. Jean2, K. Kyandoghere2

1Tashkent University of Information Technologies,
Amir Temur St, 108, 100200, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan
2Department of Transportation Informatics (TIG), University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt city, Austria

Abstract: In recent years, natural disasters and various similar emergencies have
caused many people to leave this world early. The need for the use of modern
technologies in emergencies is growing day by day. Various modern devices,
techniques and methods are used in post-disaster search and rescue operations. The
issue of finding a survivor is very important in post-disaster operations. The vital signs of
humans are very important in determining the survival of humans. Heart Rate (HR),
Blood Pressure (BP), Respiration rate (breathing rate), and Body Temperature (BT)
values are considered four essential vital signs that must be measured regularly. In this
paper, we develop a wearable device that can monitor essential vital signs and also
generate an emergency alarm when human health status is deteriorating. This device
consists of sensors that monitor blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, body temperature,
and also alarm sensor. The device is capable of monitoring a human body temperature,
blood oxygen level and heart rate. The system also generates a strong alarm signal
when human health is deteriorating and humans are in a difficult situation (in a
mountain, in a reserve, etc.), so that in emergencies those around can search for the
survivor.
Keywords: Health monitoring; Vital signs; Emergency; Wearable device.

INTRODUCTION. In recent years, due to technological advances, the chances of

saving lives in emergencies, post-disaster search and rescue operations are increasing.
In post-disaster search and rescue operations, various devices are used to determine
human survival, human health status. During the past decades, several scientists have
focused on the development of health monitoring systems and wearable devices. Health
monitoring system for ambulance is developed in [1]. The proposed system is aimed at
collecting patient data and sending it to the hospital before the ambulance arrives at the
hospital, where appropriate measures can be taken at the hospital to treat the patient
well and effectively.
Monitoring the patient’s health from this distance reduces the time spent collecting
patient data. Collected data more accurate than the usual data collection from collected
sensors. The recommended framework can be used for emergency vehicles in motion.
It is developed a smart ambulance rescue system with patient health monitoring using
IoT in [2]. The proposed device could help to avoid lateral arrangements in the hospital.
The status of the victim’s body was obtained automatically via a sensor and GPS
location sent to the cloud and the administrator server.
Details on the biometric system are collected from a centralized database.
Notification of the accident will be sent to the doctor as well as to the victim’s family. It is
developed a mobile health monitoring system called care for the elderly in [3]. It is used
wireless body sensors and smartphones to monitor the well-being of the elderly. When
an emergency is detected, the smartphone automatically alerts pre-assigned people
who may be elderly family and friends and calls an ambulance.

67
 №1/2022 year. Technical science and innovation
It also works as a personal health care system and medical service a single
communication platform and medical database, so family and friends service people
can collaborate with doctors to care for a patient. Rayed et al [4] develop a device to
detect hypothermia. The device consists of a temperature sensor, pulse sensor, and
accompanied by heating elements based on a wireless body area network (WBAN). It is
developed a wireless nurse call system with a web server is designed, developed and
implemented in [5]. The system could help admitted patients in hospitals. The system is
also capable to generate an emergency alarm. It is proposed an emergency health
monitoring system for an ambulance in [6]. The proposed system could offer the data
from monitored vital signs of a patient in an ambulance to be sent to the emergency
department through the internet using GSM network and website-based data
transmission.
Another interesting study is found in [7]. It is proposed a mountaineering-assisted
wearable device and emergency rescue system architecture which comprises a
wearable device, a piece of mobile device application software, and a backend
management platform [7]. The wearable device is equipped with a heart rate monitor
that reminds climbers of symptoms of altitude sickness and an inertia sensor that
signals a fall. In addition, the device is equipped with Bluetooth and can thus connect to
mobile devices.
The app on the mobile device can transmit geographic data and data on the
wearable device via the mobile devices to the backend control system. In [8], it is
proposed an intelligent emergency rescue assisted mountaineering system and
combines the mountaineering assisting wearable device with a mobile device, to help
the climbers climb mountains more safely. The proposed system architecture prevents
mountain accidents effectively (in altitude sickness, hypothermia, missing, accidental
fall). It is proposed a patient medical emergency alert system (PMEAS) that monitors
the heart rate and body temperature of a user and alerts the user when these values
are abnormal [9].
The system basically consists of two components, a wearable hardware block and
an android app. The wearable hardware sensors that monitor the user’s heart rate and
body temperature, which are displayed on an LCD display. It is presented a smart
patient monitoring system for emergency situations in [10]. The main convenient
position of the proposed system is to reduce the time of patient intercession in a crisis
situation. An innovative patient monitoring system that integrates an application and
wearable devices to monitor the patients’ critical physiological data is presented in [11].
It also uses a global positioning system (GPS) so that patients and healthcare providers
can track each other.
It is tested the proposed system and the results show that the system could send
vital physiological information as well as patient location information to a remote medical
service provider with high accuracy. The system also generates alarm signals for
patients and helps patients locate health care providers in the immediate area. Location
information is automatically updated with patient behavior. It is discussed the use of a
Kalman filter-based method to identify fall events during rock climbing activity in [12]. It
is reviewed personal emergency response system as a technology innovation in primary
health care services in [13].
The study provides an overview of the results of research on this well-established
telecommunications solution is important for different actors in terms of adopting this
technology and using public care services. It is proposed to verify the alarm and send
user feedback using a smart device or smartwatch application so that a user can
respond to whether the alarm is true or false [14]. It is presented a concept of force-
moment sensing of multi-position mechatronic modules of intelligent robots in [15-16].
This robot could be used in the medical sphere. It is also presented a user-feedback
68
 Civil and environmental engineering
system for use in activity recognition to mitigate and improve possible false alarm
situations, which will consequently result in helping sensors to reduce the frequency of
transactions and transmissions in wireless body area networks.
It is reviewed smart wearables for cardiac monitoring in [17]. The review focused
on the real-world use and evolution of these devices for other arrhythmias,
cardiovascular diseases and some of their risk factors beyond atrial fibrillation. It is
developed a health monitoring system that can transmit the vital signs of a patient
through an ad-hoc wireless sensor network for a mass causality emergency application
in [18]. The system should be placed on the injured victim during an emergency and act
as a sensor node to connect to a wireless dedicated network to transmit vital
information to the patient. Finally, [19] develops a health monitoring system based on
the proposed architecture for elderly patients’ health monitoring in the home,
ambulance, and hospital environment.
The proposed system could detect and notify deteriorating conditions to the
authorities based on biomedical sensors for faster interventions. For monitoring body
temperature, heart rate, blood glucose level, and patient body position wearable
biomedical sensors are used. Overall, the overview of the previous contribution on
health monitoring and emergency alarm systems witness the tremendous attention
devoted during the past decades to the development of various sensors and wearable
devices. However, none of the aforementioned contributions ([1] - [19]) is likely to
integrate health monitoring and emergency alarm approaches as the proposed device
developed in this work.
We address the issue of integrating biomedical sensors with emergency alarm
signals by developing a wearable device. The device presented in this paper has been
used to monitor a patient’s vital signs, which is essential for human health. The device
also generates a strong alarm signal automatically when human health is deteriorating
and human in a difficult situation when rescue is needed. This technique is useful as it
could help to inform others if there is a need to find survivors in emergencies.
MATERIAL AND METHODS. The proposed wearable device uses the following
sensors and modules: OLED display; Arduino Nano board; MAX30102 heart rate
sensor; Battery. OLED display. OLED, Organic Light Emitting Diode, is a relatively new
technology that has the ability to replace current LCD and LED TVs, monitors, and cell
phone displays. It is more complex than traditional LEDs and uses organic, carbon-
based semiconductor materials rather than silicon or germanium for the emission
region. An OLED module display is made up of many layers; first it is sealed on the top
or bottom by a transparent material, usually glass or plastic.
On each side is placed either an anode or a cathode, one of which must also be
transparent for the light to be emitted effectively. Finally, within the anode and cathode
are the organic LED compounds, called an emissive layer on the cathode side and
conductive layer on the anode. When a positive voltage is placed on the anode, holes
jump across the emissive conductive barrier and join with electrons, which produces a
photon of light [20]. The OLED display uses an I2C bus to communicate with the
Arduino. The I2C bus supports multiple devices, and each device on the I2C bus has a
unique location.

Fig. 1. OLED display

69
 №1/2022 year. Technical science and innovation
The Arduino code uses this address to communicate with the OLED display and
sets its internal registers and memory to display the data on the screen [21]. The
proposed wearable device uses 0.91-inch OLED display. This screen size is large
enough to read data coming from sensors. The smaller the screen size, the less energy
it consumes. The main purpose of using an OLED display on the proposed wearable
device is to display the data coming from the sensors.
Arduino Nano. The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly
board based on the ATmega328-P. It offers the same connectivity and specifications of
the Arduino Uno board in a smaller form factor [22-26]. The Arduino Nano has a number
of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which
is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels
this serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino
software) provide a virtual com port to software on the computer.

Fig. 2. Arduino Nano

Heart rate sensor. Heart rate is also an important vital sign, so regular to monitor
of heart rate is essential. MAX30102 sensor is a heart rate sensor that helps to
determine the health of a person by counting strokes [27]. The MAX30102 is an
integrated pulse oximetry and heart rate monitor biosensor module. It includes internal
LEDs, photodetectors, optical elements, and low-noise electronics with ambient light
rejection. The MAX30102 has an on-chip temperature sensor for calibrating the
temperature dependence of the SpO2 subsystem. The MAX30102 provides a complete
system solution to ease the design-in process for mobile and wearable devices.
The main purpose of using the MAX30102 sensor in the proposed wearable
device is that this sensor can monitor heart rate, blood oxygen saturation and body
temperature at the same time. This battery has a capacity of 200mAh. The main
purpose of using the battery in the device is to provide the device with the required
power. The battery used in the device can provide enough power to the device because
the device does not have too many sensors and modules.

Fig. 3. MAX30102

Battery. A lithium polymer battery, or more correctly lithium-ion polymer battery is

a rechargeable battery of lithium-ion technology using a polymer electrolyte instead of a

70
 Civil and environmental engineering
liquid electrolyte. 3.7V lithium polymer rechargeable batteries are thin, light and
powerful.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. A wearable device for health monitoring and
emergency alarm is developed using all the sensors and modules mentioned above
interconnected. This device could perform real-time heart rate, blood oxygen saturation
and body temperature monitoring. The data obtained on these three vital signs are
displayed on the display of the device. The device could generate a strong alarm when
a patient’s health status was deteriorating. In addition, when a person needs help in an
emergency, they can produce an alarm signal by pressing a button on the device. This
makes it easier for rescuers to find survivors in search and rescue operations in
emergencies. The proposed wearable device for health monitoring and emergency
alarm is presented in Figure 4.

Fig. 4. 3D view of the proposed wearable device: (a) 3D layered view of the device
from the bottom; (b), (c) 3D layered view from the side of the device; (d) 3D layered
view from the top of the device; (e) 3D layered view of the device with marked numbers.

According to the figure (see Fig. 4 (e)) shown above each number means
components of the wearable device for health monitoring and emergency alarm:
1) OLED display;
2) Arduino Nano;
3) Battery;
4) Power button and buzzer;
5) MAX30102 sensor.
The device can be used in two ways. In the first method, the device is attached to
a human hand. In this method, the device monitors a person’s heart rate, blood oxygen
saturation and body temperature. If a person’s health status deteriorates, i.e. vital signs
show abnormal values, the device automatically generates an alarm signal. As a result,
the person will be aware of his / her health status and will be able to consult a doctor to
recover his / her health. Also, if a person needs help in an emergency, he or she can
create a strong alarm signal by pressing a button located on the device and use it to
give a warning signal to the rescuers around him/her about himself/herself
whereabouts. In the second method, the device is used by rescuers. Rescuers will be
able to get information about the health status of survivors by wearing the device to the
survivors in search and rescue operations in emergencies. As a result, it will be easier
to separate the survivors. It saves time in searching for and rescuing rescuers, thereby
saving the lives of more people.
CONCLUSION. In this paper, a wearable device for health monitoring and
emergency alarm is developed. Compared to other similar devices, the device has its
own advantages, low cost, low power consumption, convenient design, generating
71
 №1/2022 year. Technical science and innovation
emergency alarm signals directly. In the future work, we will focus on the following:
collect data from volunteers of different ages and sexes; and analyze the effect of body
temperature, blood oxygen saturation on the heart rate; testing the device for alarm
generation in a real environment.

References:
1. K.M. Arpita, M. Janvi, T. Ashwan, K.S. Asha, M.P. Sunil, “Health monitoring
system for ambulance,” international journal for research in applied science
engineering technology”. 2019. 1055.
2. S.I. Sherly, A.M. Sobitham-Princy, S. Monisha, K. Nandhini. “Smart ambulance
rescue system with patient health monitoring using”. “International journal of
advanced research in science, engineering and technology”. 2019. 8222.
3. Z. Lu, F. Xia, G. Wu, L. Yao, Z. Chen, “Care: a mobile health monitoring system
for the elderly”. “Conference on green computing and communications conference
on cyber, physical and social computing”. 2010. 699.
4. M. Udin, A.R. Harun, S. Sukaridhoto, A. Sudarsono, A. N. Kaffah. “Design and
implementation of hypothermia symptoms early detection with smart jacket based
on wireless body area network”. 2020. 155.
5. M. A. Majumder, “Low cost wireless nurse call system with webserver pager”.
“Global journal of computer science and technology”. 2016.
6. S.H. Lee, J.C. Ni, Y.G. Zhao, C.S. Yang. “A real-time emergency rescue
assistance system for mountaineers”, “International conference on consumer
electronics (ICCE)”. 2017. 106.
7. S.H. Lee, C.Y. Hsu, C.S. Yang. “An intelligent emergency rescue assistance
system for mountaineers”, “International journal of internet technology and secured
transactions”. 2018. 1.
8. B. Kommey, S.D. Kotey, D. Opoku, “Patient medical emergency alert system”
“International journal of applied information systems”. 2018. 8.
9. H. Chau, S.K. Gupta, R. Gupta. “Patient healthcare monitoring system for
emergency situations” “International journal of innovative technology and exploring
engineering”. 2019. 287.
10. E. Nour, M. Tarique, D. Foyez, L. Hassan, A. Rashed, “Location aware health
monitoring system for emergency cases”, “International journal of scientific
technology research”. 2019. 1247.
11. A. Tonoli, R. Galluzzi, E.C. Zenerino, D. Boero, “Fall identification in rock climbing
using wearable device”, “Proceedings of the institution of mechanical engineers,
part p: journal of sports engineering and technology”.2016. 171.
12. R. Stokke, “The personal emergency response system as a technology innovation
in primary health care services an integrative review”, “Journal of medical Internet
research”. 2016.
13. J. Kang, H. Larkin, “Application of an emergency alarm system for physiological
sensors utilizing smart devices”. 2017. 26.
14. K.N. Nazarov, T.O. Rakhimov. "The concept of force-moment sensing of multi-
position mechatronic modules of intelligent robots", “Technical science and
innovation”. 2021.
15. J. Khollhujayev, N. Abdukarimov, J. Mavlonov, N. Abdivahidova. "Non-contact
point measuring equipment for robotic systems of automobile industry", “Technical
science and innovation”. 2020.
16. D. Duncker, W.Y. Ding, S. Etheridge, P.A. Noseworthy, C. Veltmann, X. Yao, T.J.
Bunch, D. Gupta. “Smart wearables for cardiac monitoring-real-world use beyond
atrial fibrillation. sensors”. 2021. 2539.

72
 Civil and environmental engineering
17. Imran, N. Iqbal, S. Ahmad, D.H. Kim, “Health monitoring system for elderly
patients using intelligent task mapping mechanism in closed loop healthcare
environment”. 2021. 1.
18. M.M. Arabboev, F.D. Gulomov, R.Sh, Radjabova “Design of a model for
intellectual multi-parametric analysis of human health monitoring and disease
prediction device”, “Descendants of Muhammad al-Khwarizmi scientific-practical
and information-analytical journal”. 2020. 3.
19. K. Nosirov, Sh. Begmatov, M. Arabboev, J.C. Chedjou, K. Kyamakya, K. Abhiram
P. De Silva. “Real-time multi parametric human health monitoring and prediction
system”, world scientific proceedings series on computer engineering and
information science, developments of artificial intelligence technologies in
computation and robotics”. 2020. 639.
20. K. Nosirov, S. Begmatov and M. Arabboev, "Design of a model for multi-
parametric health monitoring system," 2020 international conference on
information science and communications technologies (ICISCT)”. 2020. 1.
21. K. Nosirov, S. Begmatov and M. Arabboev. "Analog sensing and leap motion
integrated remote controller for search and rescue robot system”, “International
conference on information science and communications technologies (ICISCT)”.
2020. 1.
22. Kh.Kh. Nosirov, A.Sh. Shakhobiddinov, M. Arabboev, Sh. Begmatov, O.T. Togaev.
"specially designed multi-functional search and rescue robot," bulletin of TUIT
management and communication technologies”. 2020. 1
23. K. Nosirov, S. Begmatov, M. Arabboev, K. Medetova. "Design of a model for
disinfection robot system," 2020 international conference on information science
and communications technologies (ICISCT)”. 2020. 1.
24. M. Arabboev, L. Ra based health monitoring and emergency alarm device.
JournalNX. “Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal”. 2021. 106.

73