E-Book by English Lovers
E-Book by English Lovers
(शब्दभेद)
The words used in the sentences are
divided into different parts, these are
called Parts of speech.
(Ek Sentence mein words ko alag-alag bhaagon
mein baanta gaya hai, inhen PARTS OF SPEECH
kahate hain.)
Noun
(सोंज्ञा)
A noun is the name of a person, place,
animal or thing.
(Kisi vyakti, sthaan, jaanavar ya vastu ke
naam ko sangya kahate hain)
Example: -
लड़का भाग गया। The boy ran away.
बच्चा रय रहा है । The Child is crying.
लड़क्रकयााँ दौड़ रही हैं । The girls are running.
Example: -
एक क्रगलास पानी लाओ।
Bring a glass water.
उसके पास एक सयने की अोंगूठी थी।
She had a gold ring.
यह कुसी लकड़ी से बनी है ।
This chair is made of wood.
1. Fear
______________
2. Milk
______________
3. Troop
______________
4. Kanpur
______________
5. Belief
______________
6. Silver
______________
7. City
______________
8. Ravi
______________
9. Flock
______________
10. Teacher
______________
Answers: -
1. Fear Abstract noun
2. Milk Material noun
3. Troop Collective noun
4. Kanpur Proper noun
5. Belief Abstract noun
6. Silver Material noun
7. City Common noun
8. Ravi Proper noun
9. Flock Collective noun
10. Teacher Common noun
Exercise: -
Animal - Countable noun
1. Happiness
______________
2. Air
______________
3. Ball
______________
4. Joy
______________
5. Cat
______________
6. Doctor
______________
7. Gold
______________
8. Animal
______________
9. Computer
______________
10. Anger
______________
Answer: -
1. Happiness Uncountable noun
2. Air Uncountable noun
3. Ball Countable noun
4. Joy Uncountable noun
5. Cat Countable noun
6. Doctor Countable noun
7. Gold Uncountable noun
8. Animal Countable noun
9. Computer Countable noun
10. Anger Uncountable noun
Pronoun - (सववनाम)
Pronouns are words that are spoken in
the place of nouns.
(Sarvanaam ve shabad hain jo sangya ke
sthaan par bole jaate hain)
Personal pronoun
Person
Subject Object
1st I Me
Singular 2nd You You
3rd He Him
3rd She Her
3rd It It
1st We Us
Plural 2nd You You
3rd They They
Personal pronoun
Person
Subject Possessive
1st I Mine
Singular 2nd You Yours
3rd He His
3rd She Hers
3rd It Its
1st We Ours
Plural 2nd You Yours
3rd They Theirs
Personal pronoun
Person
Subject Reflexive
pronoun
1st I Myself
Singular 2nd You Yourself
3rd He Himself
3rd She Herself
3rd It Itself
1st We Ourselves
Plural 2nd You Yourselves
3rd They Themselves
Examples: -
वे एक दूसरे का ख्याल रखते हैं ।
They take care of each other.
हम सब एक दूसरे की मदद करते हैं ।
We all help one another.
Example: -
तुम्हें कौन पढ़ा रहा है ?
Who is teaching you?
परे शानी क्ा है ?
What is the problem?
तुम कहाों जा रहे हय?
Where are you going?
तुम कैसे हय ?
How are you?
तुम कब आये ?
When did you come?
Indefinite pronoun (अक्रनश्चयवाचक सववनाम )
Pronouns which are refer to persons
or things in a general way not
particular, are called indefinite
pronoun.
(Jin sarvanaamon se kisi vyakti ya vastu
ka vishesh na hokar saamaany bodh hota
hai, use anishchayavaachak sarvanaam
kahate hain)
Adjective
(क्रवशेषण)
Adjectives are words that describe
the qualities or state of being of
nouns.
(Visheshan ve shabad hain jo sangya ke
gun ya avasthaon ka varnan karte hain)
(क्रवशेषण वे शब्द हैं जय सोंज्ञा के गुण या
अवस्थाओों का वणवन करते हैं ।)
Example :-
वह मजबूर था। He was helpless.
वे बहुत आलसी हैं । They are very lazy.
वह एक ईमानदार लड़की है । She is an honest girl.
Adjective of Adjective of
quantity number
Adjective of Adjective of
quantity are number are
used for used for
uncountable countable
noun. noun.
Adjective of
quantity tells
approximate Adjective of
amount. number tells
exact number.
Distributive Distributive
adjective pronoun
Distributive Distributive
adjective pronoun used
modifies a as a subject
noun or or object.
pronoun.
Exercise: -
Bad Adjective of quality
Those
______________
Second
______________
Few
______________
Japanese
______________
Our
______________
Honest
______________
How
______________
Whole
______________
When
______________
Single
______________
Answer: -
Those Demonstrative Adjective
Second Adjective of number
Few Adjective of quantity
Japanese Proper Adjective
Our Possessive Adjective
Honest Adjective of quality
How Interrogative Adjective
Whole Distributive Adjective
When Interrogative Adjective
Both Distributive Adjective
Verb
(क्रिया)
A Verb is a main part of speech that
is often used to describe or indicate
an action.
(Kriya bhashan ka ek mukhye bhaag hai jiska
upayog aksar kisi kriya ka varnan ya sanket
karane ke liye kiya jata hai)
Example: -
(जय क्रिया मुख्य क्रिया कय वाक् का अथव पूरा करने में मदद
करती है उसे सहायक क्रिया कहते हैं ।)
Example: -
वह नाच रही है ।
She is dancing.
मैं स्कूल जाऊाँगा।
I will go to school.
उन्हयोंने अपना काम कर क्रदया है ।
He has done his work.
Primary Auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries कय स्वतन्त्र रूप से main
verb के रूप में प्रययग क्रकया जा सकता है ।
(Be, Do, Does, Is, Am, Are, Has, Have,
Did, Was, Were)
Example : -
मैं आ रहा हाँ ।
I am coming.
उसके पास बहुत सोंपक्रत्त है ।
She has much wealth.
क्ा तुम वहााँ गये थे?
Did you go there?
Modal Auxiliaries
Modal auxiliaries कय स्वतन्त्र रूप से main
verb के रूप में प्रययग नही ों क्रकया जा सकता है।
Will, Would, Shall, Should, Can, Could, May,
Might, Must, Ought to, Used to, Need, Dare
Example:
हम कल खेलेंगे।
We will play tomorrow.
तुम यह कर सकते हय।
You can do it.
हमें सड़क के क्रनयमयों का पालन करना चाक्रहए।
We should obey the rules of the road.
Adverb
(क्रिया क्रवशेषण)
An adverb is a word which adds to
the meaning of a verb.
(Kriya visheshan vah shabad hai jo kriya ke arth
ko badhaata hai)
Example:
वह अक्सर क्रगटार बजाता है ।
He often plays guitar.
मैं आमतौर पर वहाों जाता हों ।
I usually go there.
वे कभी मसालेदार खाना नही ों खाते।
They never eat spicy food.
Example :
राम सावधानी से गाड़ी चलाता है ।
Ram drives carefully.
वह धीरे -धीरे खाती है । She eats slowly.
वह तेजी से भागा। He ran quickly.
Adverb of Quantity (पररमाणवाचक क्रियाक्रवशेषण)
Adverbs of quantity indicate how
much or to what extent something
occurs.
(Parimaanavaachak kriyaavisheshan se pata chalata hai
ki koi cheez kitani ya kis had tak ghatit hoti hai)
Example:
मैं कल आउों गा। I will come tomorrow.
वह अक्सर वहाों जाता है। He often go there.
मैं पहले खेलूोंगा। I will play first.
Preposition
(सम्बन्धसूचक)
A preposition is a word that tells you
where or when something is in
relation to something else.
(Sambandhasoochak ek aisa shabad hai jo aapako
bataata hai ki koi cheez kisi aur cheez ke sambandh
mein kahan aur kab hai)
(सम्बन्धसूचक एक ऐसा शब्द है जय आपकय बताता
है क्रक कयई चीज़ क्रकसी और चीज़ के सों बोंध में कहाों
और कब है ।)
Example:
गेंद कार के नीचे थी।
The ball was under the car.
चाबी दराज में है ।
The key is in the drawer.
रयहन सयफे पर बैठा है ।
Rohan is sitting on the sofa.
Preposition of Time
Preposition of Place
Preposition of Direction
Preposition of Time
Preposition of time used to show
when something is happening.
(Samay ka poorvasarg yeh darshaata hai ki koi
cheez kab ghatit ho rahi hai)
Example:
मैं आपसे शाम 4 बजे क्रमलूोंगा।
I will meet you at 4pm.
हम शाम कय जायेंगे।
We will go in the evening.
मैं तुमसे पहले पहुों च गया।
I reached before you.
Preposition of Place
Preposition of place used to show the
place or position of people things and
animals located.
(Sthaan ka poorvasarg logon, vastuon aur jaanavaron
ke sthaan ya sthiti ko bataane ke liye upayog kiya jaata
hai)
Example:
ऊपर दे खय।
Look up.
क्रबल्ली मेज के नीचे है ।
The cat in under the table.
चाबी मेज़ पर है ।
The key is on the table.
Preposition of Direction
Preposition of direction is used to
indicate the movement of something
from one place to another.
(Samay ka poorvasarg yeh darshaata hai ki koi
cheez kab ghatit ho rahi hai)
Coordinating Conjunction –
(समन्वय समुच्चयबयधक)
Subordinating Conjunction –
(अधीनस्थ समुच्चयबयधक)
Correlative Conjunction -
(सहसोंबोंधी सोंययजन )
Coordinating Conjunction
(समन्वय समुच्चयबयधक)
Example: -
वह गरीब है लेक्रकन दयालु है ।
She is poor but she is kind.
उसे न तय कॉफी पसोंद है और न ही चाय।
He neither likes coffee nor tea.
मुझे दे र हय गई थी इसक्रलए मैं नही ों आया।
I was late so I did not come.
Trick to learn: -
Fanboys
क्योंक्रक Gives a reason
For
why
और Joins similar
And
ideas
और न ही Negative
Nor
from of “or“
लेक्रकन Shows a
But
contrast
या Gives a choice
Or
क्रफर भी Give a
Yet
contrast
इसीक्रलए Shows cause
So
and effect
Subordinating Conjunction
(अधीनस्थ समुच्चयबयधक)
A subordinating conjunction joins a
subordinate clause to a main clause.
(Ek adheenasth sanyojan ek adheenasth
upavaaky ko mukhy upavaaky se jodata hai)
Example:
मैं काम पर नही ों जा रहा क्योंक्रक मैं क्रबमार हुाँ |
I am not going to work because I am sick.
चूाँक्रक वय बीमार थी मैं उसके क्रबना ही चला गया |
As she was ill, I went without her.
जैसे ही क्रशकारी ने बन्दूक उठाई पक्षी उड़ गए|
The birds flew away as soon as the hunter
raised the gun.
Correlative Conjunction (सहसोंबोंधी
सोंययजन)
Correlative conjunction joins words,
phrases or clauses that carry
importance in a sentence.
(Sahasambandhee sanyojan un shabdon,
vaakyaanshon ya upavaakyon ko jodata hai
jo ek vaaky mein mahatv rakhate hain)
Example:
मैं अोंग्रेजी और फ्रेंच दयनयों बयल सकता हों ।
I can speak both English and French.
या तय मेरे क्रपता या मेरे भाई आ रहे हैं ।
Either my father or my brothers are coming.
ज्ञान न तय खरीदा जाता है और न ही बेचा जाता है ।
Knowledge is neither bought nor sold.
Interjection
(क्रवस्मयाक्रदबयधक)
An Interjection is a word or phrase
used to express a feeling or to
request or demand something.
(Vismayadibodhak ek shabad ya vakyansh hai jiska
upayog kisi bhavana ko vyakt karane ya kisi cheej ka
anurodh ya mang karane ke lie kiya jata hai.)
Example: -
हुरे ! हम मैच जीते।
Hurray! We have won the match.
बहुत खूब! वह एक सुोंदर दृश्य है ।
Wow! That is a beautiful sight.
हे लय! क्ा कयई घर में है ?
Hello! Is anybody home?
There are 6 types of Interjection: -
Interjection of greeting-
Interjection of Joy-
Interjection of Attention-
Interjection of Approval-
Interjection of Surprise-
Interjection of Sorrow-
Interjection of greetings:
These interjections Express the
emotions of warmth to meet with
someone.
Example: -
अरे ! मेरी बात सुनय।
Hey! Listen to me.
नमस्ते ! आप कैसे हैं ?।
Hi! how are you?
Interjection of Joy
These interjections are used to express
the sudden the sudden pleasure and
happiness.
Example: -
क्रयप्पी! हम पाकव में जा रहे हैं ।
Yippee! We are going to the park.
वाह! मैंने अपनी परीक्षा खत्म कर ली है ।
Yay! I have finished my exam.
Interjection of Attention
These interjections are used to get
someone’s attention towards us.
Example: -
शश! चुप रहय।
Shh! Keep quiet.
सुनय! यहााँ आओ।
Listen! come here.
दे खय! क्रशक्षक आ रहा है ।
Look! The teacher is coming.
Interjection of Approval
These interjections are used to express
approval and agreement in a
sentence.
Example: -
वाह! आपने परीक्षा पास कर ली है ।
Bravo! You have passed the exam.
बहुत अच्छा! उन्हयोंने काम पूरा कर क्रलया है ।
Well done! They have completed the
work.
Interjection of Surprise
These interjections are used to express
the feelings of surprise.
Example: -
ओह! क्ा जीत है ।
Oh! What a victory.
क्ा! तुमने उसे सब बता क्रदया|
What! You have told him everything.
आह! क्ा गमव क्रदन है |
Ah! What a hot day.
Interjection of Sorrow
These interjections are used to express
the emotion and sadness.
Example: -
आउच! मेरा जूता ददव करता है |
Ouch! My shoe hurts.
ओह! उसके पापा नही ों रहे ।
Alas! His father passed away.
Introduction
to
Tenses
Past
Future
PRESENT
Examples:
• I go to school every morning. (go)
• She understands English. (understand)
• It mixes the sand and the water. (mix)
• He tries very hard. (try)
. She plays the piano. (play)
Affirmative Sentences
(सकरात्मक वाक्(
Rule :- Subject + Verb (1st form) +s/es + Object
Exercise:
1. मैं अोंग्रेजी सीखता हाँ ।
2. तुम पत्र क्रलखते हय।
3. हम नदी में तैरते हैं ।
4. वे पतोंग उड़ाते हैं ।
5. वह हॉकी खेलता है ।
6. वह खाना बनाती है ।
7. क्रकसान खेत जयतता है ।
8. लड़के शयर मचाते हैं ।
9. रक्रव तुमसे झठ ू बयलता है ।
10. बच्चे टीवी दे खते हैं ।
Answer:
1. I learn English.
2. You write letters.
3. We swim in the river.
4. They fly kites.
5. He plays hockey.
6. She cooks the food.
7. A farmer ploughs the field.
8. Boys make a noise.
9. Ravi lies to you.
10. Children watch TV.
Negative Sentences
(नकरात्मक वाक्)
Rule :- Subject +Do/Does+not +Verb (1st form) +
Object.
6. वह गाली नही ों दे ता |
Exercise:
1. मैं पतोंग नही ों उड़ाता हाँ ।
2. हम तुम्हे नही ों जानते हैं ।
3. तुम सुबह जल्दी नही ों उठते हय।
4. वे मेरे साथ नही ों खेलते हैं ।
5. वह चाय नही ों पीती है ।
6. वह अपने गााँव नही ों जाता है ।
7. यह काम नही ों करता है ।
8. लड़क्रकयाों गाना नही ों गाती हैं ।
9. तुम अभ्यास नही ों करते हय।
10.बच्चे पढ़ाई नही ों करते हैं ।
Answer:
1. I do not fly kites.
2. We do not know you.
3. You do not wake up early in the
morning.
4. They do not play with me.
5. She does not drink tea.
6. He does not go to his village.
7. It does not work.
8. Girls do not sing songs.
9. You do not practice.
10.Children do not study.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
Rule :-
Does/Do + Subject + Verb 1st Form +Object+?
उदाहरण:-
1. क्ा तुम्हारे क्रपता तुमकय पढ़ाते है ? Does your father teach you?
Rule 2: - यक्रद क्रकसी वाक् में क्ा, कैसे, कहााँ, क्यों, कब आक्रद
प्रश्नवाचक शब्द के बीच में हय तय वाक् कय सोंबोंक्रधत प्रश्नवाचक शब्द से प्राम्भ
करकेDoes/Do लगाते है और कताव लगाकर Verb की First फॉमव
लगाते है |
उदाहरण:-
नयट:-
Who के साथ Do या Does का प्रयोग नहीं करते है
बलकक Verb की first form के साथ s/es लगाते है जैसे की
नीचे कदए गए में Example-1 देख सकते है इसके अलावा
Interrogative Negative Sentences में who के साथ
Does not का प्रयोग करते है|
Example: -
Exercise:
1. क्ा तुम मु झे जानते हय?
2. हम आगरा क्यों नही ों जाते हैं ?
3. वे क्रकराया कब दे ते हैं ?
4. वह क्ा काम करता है ?
5. वह अभ्यास कहााँ करती है ?
6. अमन कहााँ रहता है ?
7. तुम सु बह क्ा खाते हय?
8. क्ा वे इों क्तिश सीखते हैं ?
9. क्ा लड़के मै दान में क्रिकेट खेलते हैं ?
10. क्ा तुम कार चलाते हय?
Answer:
1. Do you know me?
2. Why do we not go to Agra?
3. When do they pay the rent?
4. What does he do?
5.Where does she practice?
6.Where does Aman live?
7.What do you eat in the morning?
8.Do they learn English?
9.Do boys play cricket in the field?
10.Do you drive a car?
Interrogative + Negative
Rule:
Do/ does + Subject + not +(Verb 1st form) + Object +?
Example:
वह क्रकताब क्यों नही ों पढ़ता है ?
Do I not go to school?
क्ा हम प्रत्ये क क्रदन नही ों खेलते हैं ?
Rule: -
Subject + Is/am/are+ Verb (1stform) ing + object.
Examples:
मैं टे न्सेस पढ़ा रहा हाँ | - I am teaching Tenses.
आप टे न्सेस सीख रहे हय| - You are learning Tenses.
• AM- I
• IS- He, She, It, Name, (Singular noun)
• Are- We, You, They, Plural noun.
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Examples and Practice now: -
Answer:
1. I am studying.
2. You are writing a letter.
3. We are playing in the garden.
4. He is coming from Delhi.
5. Mother is cooking food.
6. It is not working.
7. The dogs are barking.
8. Grandfather is reading a newspaper.
9. The guests are leaving.
10. Children are watching TV.
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Subject + Is/am/are + not + Verb (1stform) ing + object.
Examples and Practice now: -
Answer:
1. I am not coming from post office.
2. We are not playing on the roof.
3. The children are not making a noise.
4. Siya is not swinging.
5. We are not lying.
6. He is not beating Ravi.
7. Siya is not learning English.
8. We are not swimming in the river.
9. She is not singing the song.
10.They are not going to see the Taj Mahal.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: -
Is/am/are + Subject + Verb (1st form) ing + object?
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों ,कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
Some important WH words
When — कब How — कै से Where — कहािं
What — क्या Which — कौनसा Whose — ककसका
Who — कौन Whom — ककसको, ककससे Why — क्यो
Rule: -
Wh word + Is/am/are +Sub +Verb(1stform) ing + object?
Examples: -
तुम क्रचल्ला क्यों रहे हय? - Why are you shouting?
वह कहााँ जा रही है ? -
हम क्रदल्ली कब जा रहे हैं ? - When are we going to Delhi?
वे क्ा सीख रहे हैं ? -
अक्रमत क्ा खा रहा है ? - What is Amit eating?
तुम क्ा कर रहे हय? -
मुस्कान क्रकससे बात कर रही है ? - Whom is Muskan talking to?
तुम क्रकसका इों तज़ार कर रहे हय? -
तुम मुझे क्यों घूर रहे हय? - Why are you staring at me?
वह तुम्हारी मदद क्यों कर रहा है ?-
वह मुझसे बात क्यों नही ों कर रही है ? – Why is she not talking to me?
वह कहााँ रहती है ? -
तुम कौन सी क्रकताब पढ़ रहे हय? -
Exercise:
Answer :
1. Are you reading the newspaper?
2. Why is she beating her brother?
3. What are they doing there?
4. Where is Ram playing?
5. Are you talking to someone?
6. Am I disturbing you?
7. Is the gardener watering the plants?
8. Are we going somewhere?
9. Is he sleeping yet?
10.Are the guests coming today?
Interrogative + Negative
Rule:
1. Is/am/are + Sub + not + (Verb 1st form + ing) +Object +?
2. Wh word+Is/am/are+Sub+ not+(Verb 1stform+ing)+Object +?
Example:
क्ा वह कपड़े नही ों धय रही है ? - Is she not washing the clothes?
तुम खेलने क्यों नही ों जा रहे हय? - Why are you not going to play?
क्ा तुम वापस नही ों आ रहे हय? - Are you not coming back?
Exercise
1. मैं काम नही ों कर रहा हाँ ?
2.क्ा तुम पत्र नही ों क्रलख रहे हय?
3.हम वहाों क्यों नही ों जा रहे हैं ?
4.वह क्रिकेट क्यों नही ों खेल रहा है ?
5.वे खाना क्यों नही ों खा रहे हैं ?
6.तुम कयक्रशश क्यों नही ों कर रही हय?
7.लड़के मैदान में क्यों नही ों खेल रहे हैं ?
8.वह फयन क्यों नही ों उठा रही है ?
9.क्ा क्रकसान क्रवरयध नही ों कर रहे हैं ?
10.बच्चे यहााँ क्यों नही ों खेल रहे हैं ?
Answer:
1. Am I not working?
2.Are you not writing a letter?
3.Why are we not going there?
4.Why is he not playing cricket?
5.Why are they not eating food?
6.Why are you not trying?
7.Why are the boys not playing in the field?
8.Why is she not picking up the phone?
9.Are the farmers not protesting?
10.Why are the children not playing here?
Rule: -
Subject + has/have + Verb (3rd form) + object.
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Examples and Practice now: -
मैं अोंग्रेजी सीख चुका हाँ | - I have learned English.
मैंने तुम्हे पहले कही ों दे खा है -
हम मैच जीत गए हैं । - We have won the match.
वह क्रकताब पढ़ चुकी है | - She has read the book.
सीता ने हयमवकव पूरा कर क्रलया है |-
वह स्कूल गया है | -
तुमने अच्छा नृ त्य क्रकया है | - You have danced well.
वे खाना खा चुके हैं | -
कुत्ते ने दू ध पी क्रलया है | - The dog has drunk milk.
वे क्रदल्ली जा चुके हैं | -
Exersice:
1.वह अपनी मााँ के साथ गयी है ।
4.वह घर जा चुका है ।
Answer:
1.She has gone with her mother.
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Subject + has/have + not + Verb (3rd form) + object.
Exersice:
1. वे परीक्षा में पास नही ों हुए हैं ।
2.तुमने झठ
ू नही ों बयला है ।
3.मैंने ररया कय नही ों दे खा है।
Answer:-
1.They have not passed the exam.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों, कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
Some important WH words
When — कब How — कै से Where — कहािं What — क्या
Which — कौनसा Whose — ककसका Who — कौन
Whom — ककसको, ककससे Why — क्यो
Rule: -
Wh word +Has/have + Sub +Verb (3rdform) +object?
Exersice:
1. क्ा क्रसया जा चुकी है ?
2.क्ा तुम आपने काम खत्म कर चुके हय?
3.रक्रव कहााँ से आया है ?
4.तुमने आज क्ा खाया है ?
5.क्ा मयहन बाजार गया है ?
6.क्ा राम कुक्रसवयाों ले आया है ?
7.क्ा वे लयग यहााँ आये हैं?
8.क्ा तुमने यह काम कर क्रदया है ?
9.वह कहााँ गयी है ?
10.उसका भाई कब आया है ?
Answer:
Exersice:
2.क्ा तुम झल
ू ा नही ों झल
ू चुके हय?
Rule: -
Subject + has/have been + Verb (1st form) ing +object.
Examples:
वह दो घिंटे से सो रहा है|
-He has been sleeping for two hours.
अलमत मेरा इिं तज़ार कर रहा है|
- Amit has been waiting for me.
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Examples and Practice now: -
Exersice:
1.मैं दय महीने यहााँ काम कर रहा हाँ ।
2.तुम सुबह से क्रकताब पढ़ रहे हय।
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Sub + has/have + not been +Verb (1st form) ing + object.
Exersice:
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: - Has/have + Subject + been +Verb
(1st form) ing + object?
Rule: -
Wh word + Has/have + Subject + been +Verb
(1st form) ing + object?
Exersice:
Interrogative + Negative
Rules :
Example:
तु म कल से खाना क्यों नही ों खा रहे हय?
Why have they not been coming to school for two days?
क्ा क्रसया दय क्रदन से पत्र नही ों क्रलख रही है ?
Exersice:
Rule: -
All Subjects + Verb (2nd form) + object.
Examples:
मैंने पत्र क्रलखा था| (write) – I wrote a letter.
उसने सेब खाया था |(eat) – He ate an apple.
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Exersice:
10.राम ने फल खाये।
Answer:
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
All Subjects + did not + Verb (1st form) + object.
Exersice:
1.सुक्रमत ने फूल नही ों तयड़ा।
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: -
Did + all subjects + Verb (1st form) +
object?
Examples and Practice now: -
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों , कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
Some important WH words
When — कब How — कै से Where — कहािं What — क्या
Which — कौनसा Whose — ककसका Who — कौन
Whom — ककसको, ककससे Why — क्यो
Rule: -
Wh word + Did + all subjects + Verb (1st form) +
object?
Exersice:
Interrogative + Negaitve
Rule:
1. Did+ Subject +not +( Verb 1st form) +Object +?
2. Wh word + Did+ Subject +not +( Verb 1st form)
+Object +?
Example:
क्ा तुमने पतोंग नही ों उड़ाई? Did you not fly the kite?
उसने खाना क्यों नही ों खाया? Why did he not eat the food?
क्ा तुमने पत्र नही ों क्रलखा? Did not you write letter?
Exersice:
इसमें (was, were) helping verbs की तरह उसे होगा मतलब इनके
साथ कोई VERB पक्का आएगी|
Examples-
1. He was writing a letter.
2. They were not watching a cricket match.
3. Amit was helping me in my homework.
4. I was preparing for the entrance exam.
5. I was going to the school.
Affirmative Sentences
(साधारण वाक्)
इस tense का structure Present Continuous Tense की
तरह होता है। इसमें is, am, are की जगह was तथा were का
प्रयोग करते हैं।
Structure:
Examples –
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Negative Sentence का Structure नीचे कदया गया है,
नकारात्मक बना ने के ललए was या wereके बाद not का प्रयोग
करते हैं।
Structure:
Subject + was + were + not + verb I + ing + object
Examples –
क्ा जज साहब दयषी कय सजा दे रहे Was the judge punishing the
थे? criminal?
क्ा चयर जोंगल में गुम रहा था? Was the lion roaming in the
forest?
क्ा क्रबल्ली चूहे के पीछे दौड़ रही थी ? Was the cat running after the rat?
Structure:
Was/were + subject + not + verb I +ing
+ object + other words ?
Examples:
Tense
12.It............. ……………..(rain)
Answers:
1. The boy was sleeping.
Jab aap past ke kisi action ki nhi sirf kuch hone ki baat kro to sentence
me sirf WAS, WERE lgta hai or aise sentences me koi dusri verb
nahi hoti isiliye ye static verb ki tarah kaam krti hai.
Plural Noun
Examples: -
Jaise PROFESSION btana ho past ka –
Amit was a doctor,
Sita was a singer,
I was a banker.
Jaise MOOD/ btana ho -
I was sad yesterday, He was angry, She was happy, I was very upset
with you.
Jaise STATUS btana ho - We were poor, He was poor, She was rich.
More Examples: -
Examples –
1. कल रक्रववार था।
It was Sunday yesterday.
3. कल 5 माचव थी।
It was 5 March yesterday.
4. सुबह सदी नही थी।
It was not cold in the morning.
Examples –
2. छत पर चयर था।
There was a thief on the roof.
Examples:
वह सो चुका था| - He had slept.
हम मैच हार चुके थे | We had lost the
match.
Rule: -
All Subjects + had + Verb (3rd form) +
object.
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Examples and Practice now: -
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: - Had + all subjects + Verb (3rd form) +
object.
मेरे आने से पहले उसने मेरा इों तजार कैसे क्रकया था?
How had he waited for me before I came?
Rule: -
Subject + had been + Verb (1st form) ing + object.
Examples:
वह दय घोंटे से सय रहा था |
-He had been sleeping for two hours.
अक्रमत मेरा इों तज़ार कर रहा था |
-Amit had been waiting for me.
Pehchan: - इस tense के हहिंदी वाक्यों के अिंत में रहा था , रही
थी, रहे थे, आते है, लेककन इसमे समय कदया होता है की कायय कब
शुरु हुआ।
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Examples and Practice now: -
मैं तीन महीनय से अोंग्रेजी सीख रहा था |
- I had been learning English for three months.
सुबह से बाररश हय रही थी|
-It had been raining since morning.
बच्चे शाम से खेल रहे थे |
-The children had been playing since evening.
मम्मी दयपहर से रसयई में खाना बना रही थी|
-Mummy had been cooking food in the kitchen since
noon.
वह कई सालय से तैयारी क्रकये जा रहा था|
-He had been preparing for many years.
नल दय घण्टे से चल रहा था|
-The tap had been running for two hours.
मैं वहाों चार साल से काम कर रहा था|
-I had been working there for four years.
वे मुझे दय क्रदन से बुला रहे थे|
-They had been calling me for two days.
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Subject + had + not been + Verb (1st form) ing +
object.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: -
Had + Subject + been +Verb (1st form) ing + object?
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों , कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
Some important WH words
When — कब How — कै से Where — कहािं What — क्या
Which — कौनसा Whose — ककसका Who — कौन
Whom — ककसको, ककससे Why — क्यो
Rule: -
Examples:
मैं पत्र क्रलखूोंगा| (write)
वह सेब खाएगा| (eat)
Examples: -
Shall we leave now? (suggestion)
Shall I come along? (offer)
You shall submit the file by evening. (obligation)
Affirmative Sentences
(सकारात्मक वाक्)
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Subject + will not + Verb (1st form) + object.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type- *(Shall- I/We)
Rule: -
Will/shall + subjects + Verb (1st form) + object?
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों , कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
*(Shall- I/We)
Rule: -
Wh word + will/shall + subjects + Verb (1st form) +
object?
Examples and Practice now: -
वह कौन सी कार खरीदे गा?
Which car will he buy?
मैं तुमसे कब क्रमलूोंगा?
When shall I meet you?
वे क्रवदे श कब जाएों गे ?
When will they go abroad?
तुम कल कहााँ जाओगे ?
Where will you go tomorrow?
मुझे कौन क्रनमोंत्रण दे गा?
Who will invite me?
कल स्कूल में क्रकतने क्रवद्याथी आएों गे ?
How many students will come to school tomorrow?
तुम्हे नौकरी कब क्रमलेगी?
When will you get a job?
वह अोंग्रेजी कब सीखेगा?
When will he learn English?
Future Continuous Tense
Jab koi bhi kaam apke saamne ho rha ho ya koi
kaam lgataar ho rha hai or apko pta hai.
Exersice:
Answer:
ground.
room.
Negative Sentences
(नकारात्मक वाक्)
Rule: -
Subject + will/shall + not + be +verb (1st form)ing + object .
Exersice:
तुम नही ों जाग रहे हय - You will not be staying awake.
तुम पैसे नही ों बचा रहे हयोंगे -You will not be saving money.
तुम्हारी मााँ नही ों क्रचल्ला रही हयगी- Your mother will not be screaming.
Exercise:
in the room.
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Yes/No) type
Rule: -
Question + will/shall + subject + be + verb (1st form)ing +
object
Examples and Practice now: -
Interrogative Sentences
(प्रश्नवाचक वाक्)
(Wh family)
जब वाक् के बीच में प्रश्नवाचक शब्द आते हैं जैसे
(कौन, क्यों , कहााँ, कैसे , कब, कौन सी..)
Rule: -
Wh word + Is/am/are + Subject + Verb (1st form)
ing + object?
वह कहााँ रहती है ? -
तुम कौन सी क्रकताब पढ़ रहे हय? -
Exercise:
1- वह वहााँ इस समय क्ा कर रहा हयगा?
Answer
Interrogative + Negative
Rule:
1. Will + Subject +not +be + (Verb 1st form ) + Object +?
2. W/h + Will + Subject + not + be + (Verb 1st form ) +
Object + ?
Example:
क्ा तुम वहाों नही ों जा रहे हयगा?
Will you not be going there?
Exersice:
1- क्ा वह उससे बात नही ों कर रहा हयगा?
10- क्ा रक्रज़या अपने भाई का स्वेटर नही ों बुन रही हयगी?
Answer:
Simple
Rule:
Subject + Will / Shall + have + (Verb 3rd form ) +
Object.
Example:
Exersice:
Negative
Rule:
Subject + Will/Shall + not + have +(Verb 3rd form) + Object.
Example:
तुम्हारे आने से पहले मैं गाना नही ों गा चुका हाँ गा।
Exersice:
1. वह 9 बजे तक नही ों सय चुकी हयगी।
2. वह शाम तक काम नही ों कर चुका हयगा।
3. रक्रव 12 बजे तक परीक्षा नही ों दे चुका हयगा।
4. मैं तुमसे पहले फयन नही ों खरीद चुका हाँ गा।
5. मेरे पहुोंचने से पहले मेहमान नही ों आ चुके हयोंगे।
6. दादा जी अखबार नही ों पढ़ चुके हयोंगे।
7. तुम कल तक यह काम नही ों कर चुके हयोंगे।
8. हम कल तक क्रदल्ली नही ों पहुाँ च चुके हयोंगे।
9. गररमा शाम तक घर नही ों आ चुकी हयगी।
10.राम 3 बजे तक फल नही ों बेच चुका हयगा।
Answer:
1.She will not have slept till 9 o'clock.
2.He will not have done work till evening.
3.Ravi will not have the exam till 12 o'clock.
4.I shall not have bought the phone before you.
5.Guests will not have come before I arrive.
6.Grandfather will not have read the newspaper.
7.You will not have done this work by tomorrow.
8.We shall not have reached Delhi by tomorrow.
9.Garima will not have come home till evening.
10.Ram will not have sell the fruits till 3 o'clock.
Interrogative
Rule:
1. Will + Subject + have + (Verb 3rd form) + Object +?
2. W/H + Will + Subject + have + (Verb 3rd form) +
Object +?
Example:
Answer:
Interrogative + Negtive
Rule:
Example:
क्ा तुम्हारे आने से पहले मैं गाना नही ों गा चुका हाँगा?
KEEP LEARNING