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The document outlines a laboratory activity for blood grouping using the A-B-C system, detailing objectives, materials, and procedures. It explains the process of agglutination, the significance of washing blood specimens with saline, and concludes with the identification of the blood group. The activity aims to enhance understanding of blood types and their identification techniques.

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polo.136538080635
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5 views2 pages

chicksy2

The document outlines a laboratory activity for blood grouping using the A-B-C system, detailing objectives, materials, and procedures. It explains the process of agglutination, the significance of washing blood specimens with saline, and concludes with the identification of the blood group. The activity aims to enhance understanding of blood types and their identification techniques.

Uploaded by

polo.136538080635
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: POLO, ROCHELLE MAE Y.

Rating: _________________
Year and Course: BSCRIMINOLOGY-3RD YEAR Date: NOVEMBER 27, 2024

ACTIVITY NO. 1
BLOOD GROUPING OF FRESH BLOOD

I. Objective: To study the technique of grouping fresh blood by direct method.

II. Materials and Reagents: Sterilized pin, needle or lancet, 0.9% saline solution, Anti A and
Anti B sera, glass slides with wells, centrifuge machine and shaker

III. Discussion

The origin of blood or bloodstains will be determined by their identification of the blood
groups to which it belongs. In the blood grouping of fresh blood A-B-C system is used. It was
Landsteiner who discovered the four blood groups namely Group O, Group A, Group B, Group
AB. He named the four groups on the basis of the agglutinogen or antigen content of the red
blood cells.

IV. Procedure
1. Using sterilized pin, needle or lancet, prick the ring finger or ear lobe of subject
whose blood group is to be determined.
2. Put o.5 ml of the fresh blood specimen in a clean test tube.
3. Put 0.5 ml of saline solution. Shake.
4. Centrifuge for 3 minutes.
5. Remove the supernatant liquid and add for the second time same volume of saline
solution.
6. Centrifuge for the second time and repeat step 5.
7. Centrifuge for the third time (specifically if the supernatant liquid is turbid).
8. Suspend red blood cells in saline solution. Be sure it is bright red.
9. Get glass slide and place one drop of Anti A serum on the left well and label “A”
and one drop of Anti B serum in the right well and label “B”.
10. To each well add one of the unknown fresh blood specimen. Place in a shaker for
2 to 3 minutes. Observe under the microscope.

V. Observation

1. Draw what has been observed after few minutes. (paste your result here)

1 FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY Laboratory Manual


2. What happened when the respective serum was added to the red blood cells?

- When serum containing antibodies is added to red blood cells, the red blood cells clump

together, a process called agglutination. This happens because the antibodies in the serum

identify and bind to antigens on the surface of the red blood cells.

3. What is agglutination?

- Commonly referred to as hemagglutination, is the clumping of red blood cells within

the body. It is the body's natural immune response to toxins and pathogens.

4. Why does agglutination takes place?

-When antibodies in the immune system bind to foreign objects, causing red blood cells

to clump together.

5. Why does the unknown fresh blood specimen washed with saline solution?

-To removes 80% to 95% of the WBCs and virtually all of the plasma to reduce the

incidence of febrile, nonhemolytic transfusion reactions.

6. Why are the red blood cells suspended in saline solution when grouping fresh blood?

VI. Conclusion

1. What is the group of your fresh blood?

-B

2. Fill the table using (+) or (-) signs to prove that your answer in conclusion number 1 is
correct.

Blood Group Anti A Anti B


B - +

2 FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY Laboratory Manual

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