1. What is the genesis block?

The first block of a Blockchain ----correct

Question 2 : Inspect and explore block #0 using this link to solve the below question.
How many transactions are there in the Genesis block in Bitcoin?
1 ----correct
Question 3 : Inspect and explore block #0 using this link to solve the below question.

How many transactions are there in the Genesis block in Ethereum (other than the
transaction for Miner fee)?

8893 ----correct
Question 4 : Inspect and explore block #490624 using this link to solve the below question.

What is the hash of the previous block for Bitcoin block #490624? Copy and paste the answer
into the box below.

Question 5 : Inspect and explore block #490624 using this link to solve the below question.

Which of these fields is present in a Bitcoin block summary?

Difficulty ----correct
Question 6 :Where are the transactions recorded in a blockchain?
On a distributed immutable ledger ----correct
Question 7 : What are UTXOs in a Bitcoin Blockchain?
These form the inputs and outputs for transactions ----correct
Question 8 : Blockchain was created to support security and trust in a ___________
environment of the cryptocurrency Bitcoin.

decentralized trustless ----correct

Question 9 :What/Who are miners in a blockchain?

Computers that validate and process blockchain transactions and solve the cryptographic
puzzle to add new blocks ----correct

.Question 1 : The algorithm for consensus in the Bitcoin blockchain is called _____ protocol.
Proof of Work -------correct
Question 2 : Transaction confirmation is independently performed by all miner nodes. True
or False?
True -------correct
Question 3 :Transaction 0 in every block in the bitcoin blockchain ____.
is for paying the miner fees.
does not have any input UTXO.
is called the coinbase transaction
All of the above. -------correct
 Self -ckeck week1
Question 1
Did Bitcoin enable a centralized or a decentralized
system for exchange of value?

Decentralized -------correct
Question 2
Validation, Verification, Immutable Recording, and _____
lead to Trust and Security.
Consensus -------correct
Question 3
Who introduced the digital online cryptocurrency known
as Bitcoin?

Satoshi Nakamoto -------correct

4.Question 4
A blockchain enables peer-to-peer transfer of digital
currency without any intermediaries such as bank. True
or False?
True -------correct
1.Question 1
A block in a Blockchain has a header and _______________.

Digital Ledger

Transactions ------Correct

Bitcoins

Inputs

Correct
Correct! A block is composed of a header of information about the block and a set of valid
transactions.
1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
What does UTXO stand for?
Unspent Transaction Output ------Correct

Unspent Trade Offer

Unique Transaction Offer

Unspent Transaction Xeroxed Output

Correct
Correct! UTXOs are outputs generated by a transaction.

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
A transaction generates new UTXOs for transferring the amount specified in the input UTXOs.
True or False?

False

True ------Correct

Correct
Correct! The transaction uses the amount specified by one or more input UTXOs and
transfers it to one or more newly created output UTXOs.

1 / 1 point
4.Question 4
Miners are computers that execute ____.

operations defined by users

operations defined by the blockchain protocol ------Correct

operations defined by transactions

Correct
Correct! Miners are powerful computer executing software defined by the Blockchain
protocol.
1.Question 1
In a public blockchain, a participant can join and leave the blockchain as and when they wish.
True or False?

True -------correct

False

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
GASLIMIT is the actual amount of gas spent at the completion of the Block creation. True or
False?

True

False ------------Correct

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
What are miners who solved the puzzle but didn't win the block creation called?

Ommers ------------Correct

Brothers

Sisters

Cousins

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
_________ are paid fees for the creation of a block.

Receivers of transactions in the block

Senders of transactions in the block

Miners of a block ------------Correct

All full nodes

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
Inspect and explore block #4390176 using this link to solve the below question.

What is the previous block hash of block #4390176 in Ethereum Blockchain? Provide the
answer in the box below.

0xc253f0917b33b2947b4d9cdb7ad656cc0233ef1781984384284f3a91810a8a36
Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
Inspect and explore block #4390176 using this link to solve the below question.

What is the total difficulty for block #4390176 in Ethereum Blockchain? Provide the answer
in the box below.

1,226,797,074,502,984,598,563
Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
Inspect and explore the transaction with the hash
“0x5edb69874d0900d8857468fbe53715cc1a58137709b8b70e46299bf10983dc09“ using this
link.

Approximately, how many Ethers are transferred in this transaction?

0.00042 ethers

4434720 ethers

913.268 ethers --------------correct

21000 ethers
Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
4.Question 4
Inspect and explore the transaction with the hash
“0x5edb69874d0900d8857468fbe53715cc1a58137709b8b70e46299bf10983dc09“ using this
link.

What is the address of the sender in this transaction? Provide the answer below in the
textbox.

0xf9fba58d8345bd3100c5adf3b8b51938e5da0a9d
Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
5.Question 5
Which of the following is true about an externally owned account (EOA) in Ethereum
Homestead?

EOAs have associated code with them.

EOAs execute code when triggered by a transaction.

EOAs can send transactions (ether transfer or invoke a contract code) -----------correct

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
6.Question 6
External Owned Accounts (EOA) are controlled by ____.

Private Key --------------correct

Public Key and Private Key

Public Key

Hash of the first transaction by that account

Correct
Correct!
1 / 1 point
7.Question 7
What is the differentiating factor between the Ethereum Blockchain and the Bitcoin
blockchain?

Distributed ledger

Smart contracts ----------correct

Wallets

Currency Exchange

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
8.Question 8
Calculate the amount of gas points required to execute an operation that involves 2 steps
and 1 load from memory. Use the following image.

42

22 ------------correct

23

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
9.Question 9
What is the correct sequence involved in a block creation:

1. Transactions validated

2. Transactions Bundled & broadcasted

3. Transaction initiated
4. Block added to the local chain and propagated to the network.

5. Proof of work consensus problem solved

5,3,1,2,4

3,2,1,4,5

3,1,2,5,4 -------------correct

1,2,3,4,5

Correct
Correct!
Quiz:
1.Question 1
The transaction Merkle Tree root value in a Bitcoin block is calculated using ____.

none

previous block’s hash

hash of transactions ✔

number of transactions

Correct
Correct.

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
Follow the steps given in the tool at this link to manually calculate the hash of the block
#490624. You can obtain the details required in the tool from this link except for the
timestamp. Please use the timestamp from this link.

What is the hash of the block #490624? Copy and paste the answer.

000000000000000000d4c8b9d5388e42bf084e29546357c63cba8324ed4ec8bf
Correct
Correct

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
Follow the guidelines in the encryption tool at this link to better understand the concept of
Public-Private key encryption and answer the question below.

When encrypting a message with the public key, which key is required to decrypt the
message?

Inverted Public Key

Both Public key and Private key

Private Key ✔

Public Key

Correct
Correct

1 / 1 point
4.Question 4
What type of hashing algorithm does Bitcoin blockchain use to determine the hash of a
block?

SHA-1

MD5

SHA-256 ✔

SHA-512

Correct
That’s correct. Bitcoin uses: SHA256(SHA256(Block_Header))

1 / 1 point
5.Question 5
In Ethereum, which algorithm is applied to the private key in order to get a unique public key.

SHA 256

ECC ✔
Keccak

RSA

Correct
That’s correct. Addresses of account are generated using the public key-private key pair. First,
a 256-bit random number is generated and designated as a private key, kept secure and
locked using a passphrase. Then an ECC algorithm is applied to the private key to get a
unique public key.

1 / 1 point
6.Question 6
Which of the following methods can be used to obtain the original message from its
generated hash message using SHA-256?

Hashing the generated hash again, twice

Hashing the generated hash again ✔

Original message cannot be retrieved

Hashing the reverse of generated hash

Incorrect
That’s incorrect. Please review the lesson on “Hashing”

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7.Question 7
In Ethereum, hashing functions are used for which of the following?

1. Generating state hash.

2. Generating account addresses.

3. Decrypting senders message.

4. Generating block header hash.

1,2,3
2,3,4

1,3,4

1,2,4 ✔

Correct
That’s correct. In Ethereum, hashing functions are used for generating account addresses,
digital signatures, transaction hash, state hash, receipt hash, and block header hash.

1 / 1 point
8.Question 8
What is the purpose of using a digital signature?

None of the above.

It supports user authentication

It supports both user authentication and integrity of messages ✔

It supports the integrity of messages

Correct
That’s correct. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message
was created by a known sender (authentication), that the sender cannot deny having sent
the message, and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity).

1 / 1 point
9.Question 9
Encryption of a message provides ____.

authentication ✔

security

integrity

nonrepudiation

Incorrect
That’s incorrect. Please review the lesson on “Transaction Integrity”

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10.Question 10
A public key is derived from the ____.

hash of the first transaction by the account

genesis block hash

a different public key

private Key ✔

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
A popular public-private key implementation known as Rivest-Shamir-Adelman (RSA)
algorithm is used for the Bitcoin and Ethereum Blockchain. True or False?

False ✔

True

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
For the simple symmetric key example discussed in the lecture, it is easy to derive the
“secret” key from the encrypted data. True or False?

False

True ✔

Correct
Correct! Please note that symmetric keys have other issues such (i) key distribution -- how do
you send the key to the parties involved (ii) you need to create different secret key for
different receivers, you cannot share the same key with different participants.

On the contrary, in a public-key encryption, you can publish the public key for any participant
to use and not reveal the private key.

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
256 bit ECC key-pair is equivalent in strength to approximately 3072-bit RSA key-pair. Thus
ECC is much stronger encryption than RSA method. True or False?

True ✔

False

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
What is one of the requirements of secure hashing function?

It is a secret function

It is log function

It is an ECC function

It is a one way function ✔

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
What type of hash is used when there is a fixed number of items to be hashed, such as the
items in a block header, and we are verifying the composite block integrity?

Either

Complex hash

Tree-structured Hash
Simple Hash ✔

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
What type of hash function is used, when there is variable number of items to be hashed,
such as the many state changes in a block?

Simple Hash

Complex hash

Tree-structured Hash ✔

Either

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
4.Question 4
Keccak 256 is a commonly used algorithm for hash generation in Ethereum blockchain. True
or False?

True ✔

False

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
In Ethereum, the block hash is the hash of all the elements in the _________ .

Transaction hash tree

Block header -----------------correct

State tree
Receipt tree

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
2.Question 2
Merkle tree hash is used for computing _________ hash.

state root

transaction root

receipt root

all of the above ----------------------correct

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
3.Question 3
Block hash allows for the formation of the chain link by embedding previous block hash in
the current block header. True or False?

True ----------------correct

False

Correct
Correct!

1 / 1 point
4.Question 4
If a participant node tampers with a block, it results in ____.

hash changing

mismatch of hash values

the local chain of node rendered in an invalid state

All of the above --------------------correct

Correct
Correct!
1.Question 1
Digital signing of a transaction/document involves, hashing the content of the document and
then ____.

encrypting it with private key ✔

encrypting it with public key

rehashing it

encrypting it with nonce

Correct
Correct!