Can you correct the whole theoretical framework.

What other info we need to discuss in the

TITLE: Exploring E-Wallet Usage in District 1 of Cavite: A Test of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior

Theoretical Framework

E-wallets have emerged as a critical component of financial technology in the Philippines, driven by
the increasing trend toward cashless transactions. Research on micro-business owners in Cavite
indicates that e-wallets are valued for their accessibility, convenience, and security, which significantly
influence their adoption. Users report that e-wallets save time, enhance financial management, and
minimize dependence on physical cash (Yang et al., 2021; Saquin et al., 2024).

The growth of e-wallet usage in the Philippines is closely tied to its mobile-first economy and the
widespread availability of smartphones. Platforms like GCash and PayMaya have bridged the gap in
financial inclusion, particularly in areas where bank account penetration remains low. The COVID-19
pandemic further accelerated the adoption of e-wallets as demand for contactless payment methods
surged (Xendit, 2022).

Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides a robust framework for understanding e-wallet
adoption in District 1 of Cavite. The theory posits that behavioral intention, a precursor to actual
usage, is influenced by three cognitive factors:

1. Attitude Reflects users’ positive or negative perceptions of e-wallets, shaped by factors such as
convenience, transaction speed, and perceived security. For instance, individuals who view e-
wallets as time-saving and reliable are more likely to develop a favorable attitude toward
adoption.

2. Subjective Norms Involve social influences from family, friends, or online communities, which
can encourage or discourage e-wallet adoption. The role of social media influencers and peer
recommendations has been particularly significant in shaping preferences for platforms like
GCash.

3. Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) Encompasses external and internal factors such as ease of
access, financial literacy, and privacy concerns. Higher perceived control, such as intuitive app
interfaces and user-friendly features, increases the likelihood of adoption (Ajzen, 1991;
Bosnjak, Ajzen, & Schmidt, 2020).

By aligning these factors, TPB offers insights into the psychological and contextual drivers of e-wallet
usage, making it highly relevant for this study.

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) complements TPB by emphasizing two key determinants of
technology adoption:
 1. Perceived Usefulness (PU) The degree to which users believe that e-wallets improve
transaction efficiency, such as faster payments or better financial tracking. For example, users
may find GCash beneficial for seamless online shopping and bills payment, enhancing their
likelihood of adoption.

2. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) The extent to which users perceive e-wallet platforms as simple
and intuitive to use.Platforms like PayMaya often promote easy onboarding processes to
attract new users, emphasizing their user-friendly interfaces.

These constructs influence user attitudes and behavioral intentions, which subsequently drive actual
usage (Davis, 1989).

Integration of TPB and TAM

This study adopts a dual-framework approach, integrating TPB and TAM to comprehensively analyze e-
wallet adoption in District 1 of Cavite. While TPB focuses on psychological and social determinants,
TAM provides insights into technological factors. Together, these models facilitate a holistic
understanding of how individual perceptions, external influences, and platform attributes converge to
drive e-wallet adoption (Raon et al., 2021).

In Southeast Asia, e-wallets are rapidly emerging as the most used payment method, a trend that’s
particularly pronounced in countries like Indonesia and the Philippines where a large proportion of the
population still lack access to traditional banking services and where governments are pushing for
greater usage of cashless transactions, a new study by Visa shows.

Indonesia and the Philippines lead in e-wallet usage, with 92% and 87% of respondents, respectively,
using the payment method, especially QR payments and mobile payment apps. (Fintech News
Singapore, 2024) E-Wallets Rise as Leading Payment Method in Southeast Asia. Fintech Singapore.
https://fintechnews.sg/102286/mobilepayments/e-wallet-southeast-asia/

Digital wallet usage has surged over the last five years in the Philippines. With many users holding more
than one account, there are estimated 258 million active digital wallet accounts in 2022, ranking the
country fifth globally in digital wallet penetration, and reflecting the nation’s efforts to address financial
inclusion.

The success of digital wallets in the Philippines is further bolstered by a conducive regulatory
environment and significant technological advancements. The BSP has implemented forward-thinking
policies, including regulatory sandboxes for fintech innovation and clear guidelines for electronic money
issuers, ensuring the integrity and security of digital financial transactions. A 73 percent smartphone
penetration rate and 73.1 percent internet penetration rate have democratised access to digital financial
services across the country.

Today, digital wallet providers like GCash and Maya are addressing challenges like cyber security,
interoperability and access to funds through security enhancements and user-friendly processes. These
wallets are also adding more capabilities, with services like Maya’s investment products and GCash’s
global services for overseas Philippine workers enhancing the local cashless experience. With digital
wallets constantly evolving, The Philippines is poised for continued growth in its digital economy.
(Thunes & Thunes, 2024)
The shift towards cashless transactions has been a significant trend this year, with e-payment methods
gaining popularity across the globe. The transformation of physical cash into cashless has not only
impacted individuals but also the business industry, particularly for micro business Moreover, in this
generation, cashless transactions are frequently practiced, which has significantly altered how people
exchange money. Due to the market's growing variety of digital payment choices, more consumers and
businesses are converting to cashless systems. Micro business owners, in particular, are using cashless
transactions as a way to enhance customer satisfaction and streamline operations. Aside from that,
cashless transactions become more convenient to the customer, and it is easy for them to track and
manage the money that comes in and out of their account. It's critical to understand how micro-business
owners regard these technologies and how they intend to use them without challenges. It is important
to weigh the pros and cons of the cashless transaction in order for the micro business owner to identify
the potential drawbacks and make an objective decision instead of relying on feelings or intuition.
( Saquin et.al. 2024)

The results reveal that Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use and Trust have a direct and significant
positive relationship with Behavioral intention to use e-wallets Kınış, F.; Tanova, C. Can I Trust My Phone
to Replace My Wallet? The Determinants of E-Wallet Adoption in North Cyprus. J. Theor. Appl.
Electron. 2022, 17, 1696–1715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Payment Preferences: When it comes to payment preferences overall, millennials show an affinity for
digital wallets. Although trailing behind Gen Z among consumer demographics willing to try new
methods overall, 67% of millennials have adopted digital wallets. This makes them the demographic
most likely to have done so over the year previous to being surveyed.

In line with this affiliation with innovations such as digital wallets, 44% of millennials surveyed believe
mobile wallets can replace most or all features of a physical wallet. As noted in the PYMNTS
collaboration with ACI, “Mobile Wallet Challenge: Replacing Physical With Digital,” millennials
consistently utilize the most wallet features of all age demographics, an average 8.1 per user.
(PYMNTS.com, 2023)

E-wallets not only attract those without traditional bank accounts but also appeal to a wide range of
consumers, offering a host of great benefits. These include cost-effective transactions with lower fees
compared to traditional banking services- a particularly beneficial advantage for small-value
transactions.

In countries like the Philippines, where remittances from overseas workers are substantial, e-wallets also
provide a faster and more efficient way for people to receive money from abroad. Additionally, the
adoption of e-wallets promotes the digitalisation of payments, reducing reliance on cash and enhancing
overall economic efficiency.

This comfort with digital platforms has translated into a willingness to adopt e-wallets for financial
transactions, appealing particularly to those previously excluded from the traditional banking system.
This, in turn, has contributed to the emergence of numerous commercially successful e-wallet platforms,
attracting millions of users and laying the foundation for a promising economic outlook for the country.
(Fintech Times, 2024)
One of the most significant advantages of digital wallets is their convenience. eWallets are designed with
a mobile-first approach, allowing you to access your money and make transactions anytime, anywhere.
This 24/7 access means you can manage your finances with just a few taps on your smartphone. Setting
up a virtual wallet account is usually quick and straightforward, often requiring less paperwork and fewer
steps than opening a traditional bank account.
On the other hand, traditional banks still rely heavily on branch-based operations, which can be
inconvenient if you have a busy schedule. While many banks offer online and mobile banking options,
these services may not be as comprehensive or user-friendly as those provided by digital wallets.
Opening a bank account or completing certain transactions can also involve more paperwork and time.
(Mifinity, 2024)

Mobile wallets store cardholder banking information on their phones for a completely contactless way to
pay. There is no use for physical cards at check out. However, mobile wallets are limited in functionality
for payment only, whereas mobile cardholder banking applications facilitate more money management
programs and allowances across accounts in a digital format. Traditional banking requires cardholders to
visit physical locations to access their banking accounts.Sottosanto, S. (2024, April 26). Mobile Wallets
Vs. Traditional Banking. ECS Payments.

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provide valuable
frameworks for understanding how users adopt new technologies, particularly in the context of e-
wallets. TAM emphasizes the importance of perceived usefulness and ease of use, suggesting that users
are more likely to adopt a technology if they believe it will benefit them and is easy to use. However,
when it comes to e-wallets, security concerns and risk perceptions can play a significant role, making
TAM alone insufficient. TPB expands upon TAM by incorporating subjective norms and perceived
behavioral control, acknowledging that social influence and user confidence in their ability to use the
technology are crucial factors. Therefore, to fully understand user acceptance of e-wallets, it's essential
to consider not only the perceived usefulness and ease of use but also the perceived security, social
influence, and user confidence in their ability to manage their finances securely through the platform.
(Kammani & Al-Hawari, n.d.)

Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is widely recognized for explaining user acceptance of new
technologies, emphasizing that system use (actual behavior) is determined by perceived usefulness (PU)
and perceived ease of use (PEOU). These factors influence the user's attitude, which shapes intention
and ultimately behavior. However, when studying Internet banking adoption, TAM alone may be
inadequate due to unique aspects such as security concerns and risk perceptions. Integrating the Theory
of Planned Behavior (TPB) addresses these limitations by adding constructs like subjective norms and
perceived behavioral control (PBC), creating a more comprehensive model for understanding user
acceptance in this context (Kammani et al., n.d.)

According to TAM, technology acceptance is a three-stage process, whereby external factors (system
design features) trigger cognitive responses (perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness), which, in
turn, form an affective response (attitude toward using technology/intention), influencing use behaviour
(Davis, 1989; Davis, 1993). TAM represents the behaviour, as the outcome predicted by perceived ease of
use, perceived usefulness and behavioural intention (Figure 1). Perceived ease of use and perceived
usefulness capture the expectations of positive behavioural outcomes and the belief that behaviour will
not be labour-consuming (Davis, 1989). According to a follow-up study, behavioural intention can be
substituted by the attitude toward behaviour (Davis, 1993), which is an affective evaluation of the
potential consequences of the behaviour (Ajzen, 2011). The higher the affective response, the higher is
the likelihood that the behaviour will take place. The effect of perceived usefulness on actual use can be
direct, which underscores the importance of the variable in predicting behaviour. Marikyan, D., &
Papagiannidis, S. (2023). Technology Acceptance Model: A review. In S. Papagiannidis (Ed.)

1. Perceived Usefulness → Attitude toward behavior: The user's belief in the technology's usefulness
directly influences their overall attitude towards using it. If they perceive it as highly useful, their
attitude will likely be more positive.

2. Perceived Ease of Use → Attitude toward behavior: Similarly, the perceived ease of use directly
impacts the user's attitude. If the technology seems easy to use, the user will likely have a more positive
attitude.

3. Perceived Usefulness → Behavioral Intention: The perceived usefulness also directly influences the
user's intention to use the technology. A more useful technology leads to a stronger intention to use it.

4. Perceived Ease of Use → Behavioral Intention: The perceived ease of use also directly affects the
user's intention. If it's easy to use, the user is more likely to intend to use it.

5. Attitude toward behavior → Behavioral Intention: The user's overall attitude towards using the
technology strongly influences their intention to use it. A positive attitude leads to a stronger intention.

6. Subjective Norm → Behavioral Intention: The social pressure (subjective norm) the user feels to use
the technology influences their intention. If the user feels social pressure to use it, their intention will be
stronger.

7. Perceived Behavioral Control → Behavioral Intention: The user's belief in their ability to use the
technology (perceived behavioral control) directly impacts their intention. If they believe they can
successfully use it, their intention will be stronger.

8. Behavioral Intention → Actual Use: The user's intention to use the technology ultimately leads to
their actual use of it. A strong intention increases the likelihood of actual usage.

Model Overlaps:

• TAM (Technology Acceptance Model): The core of TAM is represented by the relationships between
"Perceived Usefulness," "Perceived Ease of Use," and "Attitude toward behavior." It's a simplified model
focusing on the technology's perceived usefulness and ease of use.

• TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action): TRA is represented by the relationships between "Attitude toward
behavior," "Subjective Norm," and "Behavioral Intention." It emphasizes the role of attitudes and social
norms in shaping intentions.

• TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior): TPB extends TRA by adding "Perceived Behavioral Control" as a
predictor of "Behavioral Intention." It highlights the importance of self-efficacy in influencing intentions.

Citation:

For the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) posits
that behavioral achievement hinges on both motivation (intention) and ability (behavioral control)
[Ajzen, 1991]. The TPB distinguishes between three types of beliefs: behavioral, normative, and control,
and is comprised of six constructs that collectively represent a person's actual control over the behavior.
Attitudes refer to the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior
of interest, encompassing a consideration of the outcomes of performing the behavior. Behavioral
intention refers to the motivational factors that influence a given behavior, with stronger intentions
leading to a higher likelihood of the behavior being performed. Subjective norms represent the belief
about whether most people approve or disapprove of the behavior, relating to a person's beliefs about
whether peers and important individuals think he or she should engage in the behavior. Social norms, on
the other hand, refer to the customary codes of behavior within a group or people or a larger cultural
context, considered normative or standard within that group. Perceived behavioral control refers to a
person's perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior of interest, varying across
situations and actions, resulting in differing perceptions of behavioral control depending on the context.
This construct was added later to the TPB, marking the shift from the Theory of Reasoned Action. 50(2),
179–211.

According to the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), behaviors are influenced by intentions, which
are determined by three factors: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. It is also
possible for external factors to directly force or prevent behaviors, regardless of the intention, depending
on the degree to which a behavior is actually controlled by the individual, and the degree to which
perceived behavioral control is an accurate measure of actual behavioral control. This relationship is
shown with a dashed line in Figure 1. Taking the example of adopting evidence-based instructional
practices (EBIPs) as the desired behavior, we can define the factors as follows. Attitudes toward teaching
and learning generally, and toward the use of EBIPs specifically, are both relevant in this
context. Subjective norms can be considered social pressures, and include both the perceived
expectations of others and how much the individual values those expectations. Students, colleagues, and
administrators all have expectations about how STEM faculty teach, so there are relevant subjective
norms for all three groups. Perceived behavioral control is how able an individual feels to perform a
specific behavior, in their context. Thus, it includes both self-efficacy with the use of EBIPs, and external
factors such as classroom environments, time, and resources. The more favorable the three factors are,
the more likely the intention and action are to occur. Ajzen presents some data that support a claim that
intention is more predictive of behavior than attitudes alone in Chapter 6 of his book (Ajzen, 2005).

E-wallets have become a prominent method of payment in the Philippines, especially in response to the
growing trend of cashless transactions. A study focusing on micro-business owners in Cavite, a province
in the Philippines, found that many perceive e-wallets as accessible, convenient, and secure, influencing
their intention to adopt these digital tools. The owners noted that e-wallets save time, provide better
control over business expenses, and reduce the need for physical cash. (Yang, M., Mamun, A. A.,
Mohiuddin, M., Nawi, N. C., & Zainol, N. R. 2021) Saquin, M. I., Boyboy, J. D., Canon, J. M. D., Delacruz, L.
P., Delacruz, C. a. O., Delacruz, L. P., Jorge, D. J. R., & Macalinao, M. a. O. 2024).

Low bank account penetration in the Philippines has driven the adoption of accessible e-payment
systems like GCash and PayMaya, which leverage widespread mobile phone use. A deeper exploration of
adoption drivers beyond the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is needed, considering the market's
mobile-first nature (UAJY).
The Philippines was an early adopter of digital payments, introducing mobile money in 2001. E-wallets
like GCash and PayMaya became even more popular during the COVID-19 pandemic as contactless
payment options were in high demand. These platforms are easy to use, requiring only a phone number
and ID for registration, and allow users to send money, pay bills, shop, and more. With low bank account
penetration and high mobile phone usage, these e-wallets have become essential to the country’s digital
economy. However, a deeper understanding of the factors driving their adoption, beyond the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM), is needed to address the market's mobile-first nature (Xendit).

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be an excellent framework for understanding e-wallet
usage, particularly in terms of behavioral intention and actual usage. TPB suggests that an individual's
behavior is influenced by three key factors: attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms (social
pressures), and perceived behavioral control (the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the
behavior). In your study, this framework can help explain how these factors influence users' decisions to
adopt and use e-wallets.

For example, attitudes toward e-wallets can be shaped by perceived benefits, such as convenience,
security, and speed. Subjective norms refer to social influences, such as the recommendations of family,
friends, or influencers, which could encourage or discourage e-wallet adoption. Finally, perceived
behavioral control might include factors like the ease of access to e-wallet technology, financial literacy,
or concerns about privacy and security.

Research has shown that the TPB can predict various behaviors, including the adoption of new
technologies. Studies have found that when attitudes, social norms, and perceived control are favorable,
the likelihood of intention to use a technology increases, leading to actual behavior (Bosnjak, Ajzen, &
Schmidt, 2020)

E-wallets, such as GCash and PayMaya, have seen widespread adoption due to their accessibility and
convenience, especially in the context of increasing cashless transactions. The TAM provides a robust
framework to examine this trend, emphasizing two key factors: Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived
Ease of Use (PEOU). PU relates to how e-wallets enhance financial transactions' efficiency, while PEOU
focuses on user-friendly interfaces enabling seamless adoption. The model posits that both factors
significantly influence user attitudes and behavioral intentions, driving actual usage.

In the Philippines, these systems became critical during the pandemic, highlighting their relevance amid
low bank account penetration but high mobile phone usage. Studies suggest that factors such as trust,
security, and usability also intersect with TAM, further shaping adoption intentions details, you can
explore this study on Neliti.neliti.com/media/publications/468498-adoption-of-e-payment-systems-in-
the-phi-80107ba2.pdf).

For e-wallets specifically, the TPB has been applied in understanding consumer behavior toward digital
payment systems. The intention-behavior relationship is particularly useful for predicting whether
individuals will act on their intentions to use e-wallets in real-world settings. To further strengthen your
theoretical framework, you may consider additional variables such as habit, as it has been found to
interact with perceived behavioral control in influencing behavior, especially for technology adoption
(Canova & Manganelli, 2020). For more detailed insights, you can refer to Ajzen's original work on TPB
(Ajzen, 1991), and recent applications in technology and consumer behavior
In particular, the perceived convenience and security of e-wallets are significant factors driving their
adoption. Many users feel that e-wallets offer faster, more efficient transactions, and with the added
security features such as transaction confirmations and data encryption, users feel more confident in
their use. (International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce. n.d.-c).

This aligns with Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), which can be applied to understand the
behavioral intention behind e-wallet adoption, where attitudes (e.g., perceived ease of use and
usefulness), subjective norms (e.g., influence from peers and society), and perceived behavioral control
(e.g., trust and security concerns) shape users' intentions and actions..

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is frequently used to examine the factors that influence the
adoption and usage of technologies such as e-wallets. TPB posits that an individual’s behavioral
intentions are influenced by three key components: attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral
control. These factors directly impact actual usage behavior.

Studies applying TPB to e-wallet adoption emphasize various factors, including *perceived usefulness*
(the belief that using e-wallets improves efficiency), *perceived ease of use* (how simple users find e-
wallet interfaces), and *security concerns* (how much users trust the system with their personal data).
These constructs are shown to significantly influence users' intention to use e-wallets and, ultimately,
their adoption of such technologies. For instance, research in the Philippines and other regions identifies
that the adoption of e-wallets is heavily influenced by both practical factors (like ease of use) and trust,
with some studies also highlighting the role of *social influence*, where the recommendations of friends
and family encourage individuals to adopt e-wallets.

In particular, TPB has been successfully applied to e-wallet adoption studies to predict the use of mobile
payments. Research has shown that perceived ease of use and usefulness are particularly strong
predictors of the intention to use e-wallets. When users feel that e-wallets simplify their transactions
(ease of use) and help them achieve their financial goals more effectively (usefulness), their likelihood of
adoption increases. Additionally, factors like social influence (peer pressure or encouragement from
close contacts) and perceived trust (concerns over the security of personal data) play a role in shaping
intentions.

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) originated from the cognitive theory developed by Icek Ajzen in
(1985). It suggests that an individual's choice to perform a particular behavior depends on his intention
to do so. An overall attitude toward using an e-wallet depends on beliefs, feelings, and knowledge about
the ease of use of an e-wallet, its security, and how friendly it is to use. One more important element is
the social pressure for using or avoiding an e-wallet.It indicates how much people believe other people-
important for them-being friends, family members, or society-put a significant emphasis on their using
an e-wallet payment method. Self-efficacy also includes a belief that someone can use e-wallets for the
desired outcome, that is, control over their application.

Those factors can either be internal factors like confidence in having a reason to use digital payments
and knowing how to operate the app, or external factors, such as accessibility of internet connectivity,
availability of devices for use, and support through customer services. By stretching attitudes and
subjective norms to build adoption, it can explain the theory of planned behavior. TPB has been widely
used in researching the acceptance of technology, especially cashless payment. The study and prediction
of behaviours. However, while TPB is a helpful tool, it takes an assumption that all decisions regarding
using e-wallets are conscious and planned, so emotional and unconscious forces, such as concern over
fraud or unplanned spending over money, may be missed.

E-wallets have emerged as a significant method of payment in the Philippines, propelled by the
increasing trend of cashless transactions. Research on micro-business owners in Cavite highlights that e-
wallets are perceived as accessible, convenient, and secure, influencing their intention to adopt these
tools. Moreover, business owners note that e-wallets save time, improve expense management, and
reduce reliance on physical cash (Yang et al., 2021; Saquin et al., 2024).

Despite the country's low bank account penetration, e-wallet platforms such as GCash and PayMaya
have leveraged widespread mobile phone usage to become integral to the digital economy. These
platforms gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic as the demand for contactless payment
options surged. Although the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provides valuable insights into
technology adoption, the Philippines' mobile-first economy suggests the need to examine additional
adoption drivers beyond TAM (Xendit, 2022).

Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) serves as a robust framework to analyze e-wallet adoption. af
(1) attitudes shaped by perceived benefits such as convenience and security; (2) subjective norms,
which involve social pressures or recommendations from family, friends, and influencers; and (3)
perceived behavioral control, encompassing factors like ease of access, financial literacy, and privacy
concerns. Favorable alignment of these factors increases the likelihood of e-wallet adoption, leading to
actual usage (Bosnjak, Ajzen, & Schmidt, 2020).

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) complements TPB by emphasizing the roles of Perceived
Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) in technology adoption. PU reflects how e-wallets
enhance transaction efficiency, while PEOU highlights user-friendly interfaces that simplify the adoption
process. Together, these constructs influence user attitudes and behavioral intentions, driving actual
usage.

By integrating TPB and TAM, this study examines the psychological, social, and technological factors
influencing e-wallet usage in District 1 of Cavite. This dual-framework approach provides a
comprehensive understanding of how user perceptions and external contextual factors contribute to the
widespread adoption of e-wallet systems (Raon et al., 2021).

TAM

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https://ijrehc.com/uploads2024/ijrehc05_14.pdf

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/14930/the-importance-of-e-wallet-technology.pdf

https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125989489.pdf

Revealing the Behavior Intention of Tech-Savvy Generation Z to Use Electronic Wallet Usage: A Theory of
Planned Behavior Based Measurement

Theory of Planned Behavior - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics