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Learner’s Activity Sheet in

Technical-Vocational Livelihood
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING
Quarter 1 ● Module 1: Week 1 and 2
AGOSTO LONGBOAN
Developer

LESSON 1: SELECTING MEASURING INSTRUMENT

TYPES OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

1. Rule/Steel rule
The simplest tool used for measuring linear distances. It is sometimes made of plastic
or steel.

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 2. Thickness gauges/Feeler gauges
Strips and blades of metal of various thicknesses.
They are used to measure small gaps or distances such as the clearance
between two moving parts of the vehicle.

•Use a thickness gauge/feeler gauge to check the clearance between an

engine rocker arm and valve stem.

3. Wire gauges
This is precisely sized pieces of round wire which is used to measure the spark
plug gaps and other openings.

4. Micrometer - a hand-held precision measuring instrument use to measures

thicknesses in thousandths or ten-thousandths of an inch (english system),while in
Metric measurements are in hundreds or millimeter.

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5 . Vernier Caliper
It c a n t a k e b o t h i n s i d e
a n d outside m e a s u r e m e n t s .
These may be in either
thousandth of an inch or
hundredths of a millimeter.

Measuring Outside Diameter

Measuring the inside diameter

Measuring the depth diameter

6. Dial indicators
It has a dial face and a needle to
register measurements. The
needle
moves in relation to movement of
a
movable arm or plunger. As the
plunger moves, the needle
shows the distance or variation.
The reading may be in
thousandths of an inch or
hundredths of a millimeter.

Checking valve guide wear by using a dial indicator to measure side

movement of the valve head.

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 Electric/Electronic Testing Measuring Instrument
1. Compression tester - this is used to
test the compression pressure of the
individual cylinders by inserting the
compression tester in place of the
spark plug.
2. Vacuum G a u g e - i s u s e d t o
t r a c k d o w n troubles in an engine
that does not run as well as it should.
It measures intake manifold vacuum.

3. Voltmeter
This is a device for measuring the potential difference of voltages
between two points such as the terminals of battery alternator or two
points in an electric circuit. Making a cranking-voltage test by
measuring the voltage across the battery terminals while cranking the
engine

4. Ohmmeter - is an instrument used to measure the electrical

resistance.

5. Hydrometer - a d e v i c e u s e d t o m e a s u r e t h e s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f
b a t t e r y electrolyte to determine the state of charge of the battery.
6. Timing light - is used in setting a perfect timing for the spark plug to
give of electric spark during combustion in the ignition system. The
timing light flashes every time the number 1 sparks plug fires.

7. Engine Analyzer
A testing equipment used to find out common engine troubles,
either mechanical or electrical.

8. Oscilloscope
Used for diagnosing ignition and other electrical problems.

9. Dynamometer
Used by big service shops in checking engine power
performance.

10. Tachometer - is a device for measuring engine speed or revolutions

per minute (rpm)

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 LESSON 2: CARRY OUT MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION

CALCULATION
A calculation is careful, thought-out activity. The first kind of calculation
involves figuring out the answer to a problem in math the kind you might use a
calculator for. Calculation also refers to using logic to figure out a non-numerical
problem.
VOLUME
Volume is the measure of the amount of space inside of solid figure, like a cube,
ball, cylinder or pyramid. Its units are always “cubic” that is, the number of little
element cubes that fit inside the figure.

Area

Area(A) is a two-dimensional quantity representing amount or extent of

surface. The standard unit of area in the metric system is meter squared (m 2).

Area is usually measured or defined on a flat surface, also called a Euclidean

plane, or on a spherical surface. For example, we might speak of the area of a
parcel of land, the cross-sectional area of a fiber optic cable, or the surface area
of the earth. But surface area is occasionally determined for irregular objects. In
the
case of certain extremely complex or esoteric surfaces, the area might be
impossible to define or measure. One example is a mathematical object having a
fractional number of dimensions. Another example is an object without a well-
defined
surface.
When expressing large or small areas, prefix multipliers are attached to the meter

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squared. The table below shows the most common alternative area units and
their relationship to the meter squared.

Examples:
These shapes all have the same area of 9:

Area of Simple Shapes

There are special formulas for certain shapes:

Example: What is the area of this rectangle?

The formula is:
The width is 5, and the height is
3, so we know w = 5 and h = 3:
Area = w × h
w = width
Area = 5 × 3 = 15
h = height

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Area of Difficult Shapes
We can sometimes break a shape up into two or more simpler shapes:
Example: What is the area of this Shape?
Circumference of a circle
Using the Diameter

The formula is simply this: C = πd. In this equation,

Π (pi) = 3.14

"C" = circumference of the circle,

"d" = diameter. That is to say, you can find the circumference of a circle just by
multiplying the diameter by pi.
Example:

You have a circle tub with a diameter of 8 feet, and you want to build a white fence
that creates a 6-foot wide space around the tub. To find the circumference of the
fence that has to be created, you should first find the diameter of the tub and the
fence which will be 8 feet + 6 feet + 6 feet = 20 feet, which will account for the
entire diameter of the tub and fence.
C = πd
C = π x 20 feet
C =3.14 x 20 feet
C = 62.8 feet

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Using the Radius

The radius is half as long as the diameter, so the diameter can be thought of as 2r.

Formula:
C = 2 πr
2 = the radius of the circle.
πr = 3.14
Example:

You're cutting out a decorative strip of paper to wrap around the edge of a pie
you've just made. The radius of the pie is 5 inches. To find the circumference that
you need,
C = 2πr
C = 2π x 5 inches
C = 10π inches
C = 10 inches x 3.14
C = 31.4 inches
Length

The measurement or extent of something from end to end.

Tapper

A cylindrical taper is a piece of material that decreases in diameter in a cone

shape. Proportions for tappers are often expressed as Taper per Foot (TPF), or
Taper per Inch (TPI). Taper calculations expressed in terms of the difference in
diameter at
the opposite ends of the taper and the length of taper center axis.
Taper Large end dimension – small end dimension
=
Unit of Length Overall length

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 Term Definition
d Small Diameter
D Large diameter
L Length of taper
LW Length of work piece
TPF Taper per foot
TPI Taper per Inch
tan a Tangent of angle a
TO Tailstock offset

Four Basic Math Operation

Addition

Adding two or more means to find their sum(total). The symbol used is “+”

Besides this basic use of addition, it can be also used to perform operations with
negative numbers, fractions, decimal numbers, function etc. there are several
properties that are typical for addition:
4. Commutativity
5. Associativity
6. Identity element
Subtraction

The arithmetic operation that is opposite of addition. Subtraction is used when you
want to know how many objects are left in the group after you take away a certain
number of objects from the group. Subtraction is determined by the minus (-)
symbol. It is also used to perform operation with negative numbers, fractions,
decimal numbers, functions, etc.
Multiplication
Multiplication of two numbers is equivalent to the addition of one number with
itself as many times as the value of the other umber is.

Division
It is the fourth basic math operation. Basically, you can say that dividing means
splitting objects into equal parts or groups.
In mathematics when you perform calculation actions you must have in mind that
there are sequences that need to be respected in order to do calculation properly.

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Addition and subtraction are first degree mathematical operations, and
multiplication and division are second degree mathematical operations.
If same operations, we resolve them by their order (From left to right):
Example:
18 – 2 + 4
16 + 4 = 20 this not only applies if there are no brackets in the equation. If
there are brackets, we firstly resolve numbers in the brackets.
18 – (2+4) =
18 – 6 = 12 Notice the difference in results, even with same numbers.

If there are different degree operations, we resolve it by degree order multiplication

and division first and addition and subtraction after.
Example:

2+3x4=
2 + 12 = 14

Out of roundness

A measuring instrument for determining out-

of-roundness—that is, the greatest distance
from a surrounding circle of points on the
actual cross-sectional profile of a cylindrical
surface.

The principle of measurement of out-of-

roundness gauges is based on rotation of a measuring tip relative to the part being
inspected, or vice versa. The most frequently used gauges have a rotating tip. The
main assembly is a precision arbor or the precision guides of a table. Out-of-
roundness gauges are used to check internal and external cylindrical surfaces 3-
1,000 mm in diameter and 100-1,600 mm long. The results of measurement are
recorded by an automatic device with magnifications of 2 × to 20,000 × on a disk or
strip chart; the smallest measuring error is 0.05-0.8 micron.

MAINTAIN MEASURING INSTRUMENT

Proper use of precision measuring tools is one of the most important preconditions
to ensure product quality. To maintain the accuracy and reliability of a precision
measuring tool, one has to do a good job in taking good care of it besides using it
properly according to reasonable operation instructions.
1. Be sure that the work pieces have stopped. Measuring work pieces on lathes
should be carried out only after the work pieces have stopped; otherwise, the
accuracy of the tool may be negatively impaired due to wear of the
measuring faces and accidents may occur.
2. Wipe the measuring faces of a precision measuring tool and the to-be-

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 measured surface of the work piece to prevent the measuring accuracy from
being negatively affected by dirt or dust. It is not advisable to use such
precision measuring tools as Vernier caliper, micrometer, and dial indicators
to measure those forged roughcasts or abrasive-bearing pieces because the
measuring faces will be abraded, and accuracy will fall.
3. Never put precision measuring tools together with hand tools, such as
cutting tools, files, hammers, and drills for the fear of bumping the precision
measuring tools. Never put them on lathes either to prevent them from
dropping from lathes and breaking down due to vibration of lathes, especially
in the case of Vernier calipers which should be laid flat in specific cases to
avoid distortion.
4. Use your tools for their purpose. Precision measuring tools should not be used
as substitutes for other tools. It is not advisable to use Vernier caliper as line
markers, micrometers as small hammers or steel linear as screw drivers and
cutting scrap wipers. It is not proper either to take precision measuring tools
as toys, take flinging a micrometer with hands for example. These behaviors
will lead to the falling of accuracy of precision measuring tools.
5. Maintain temperature. Temperature does have a substantial impact on the
measuring results. Precise measurement of work pieces should be carried
out only under the condition that the temperature is around 20 °C (68 °F).
Generally, measurements can be carried out under room temperature, but
the work pieces and the measuring tools should share the same
temperature. Otherwise, the result of measurements will not be accurate due
to the characteristic of distortion of metals subject to temperature changes.
Precision measuring tools are subject to the changes of temperature, too.
They should not be put under direct sunshine, because measurements will
not be achieved when the temperature rises. Never put precision measuring
tools near heat sources such as electric cooker and heat transmitter to protect
the tools from being distorted by heat thus disabling accuracy.
6. Be aware of the immediate area. Precision measuring tools should never be
put near magnetic area, such as magnetic worktable, to avoid being
magnetized.
7. When having discovered some abnormal phenomena on a precision measuring
tool, such as rough surface, burr, rusts, distortion of the body or ineffective
movements, users should not be allowed to fix it on their own, not to mention
fix it with hammers, files, or emery cloth for the fear of augmenting errors.
8. Users should clean the tools after use. Tools except those made of stainless
steel or framed by protective materials should be daubed with anti-rust oil,
put in a specific case, and kept in dry places to be free from being rusted.
9. Periodic maintenance should be applied to precision measuring tools. Long- used
precision tools should be sent to authorized calibration facilities periodically for test
and calibration to avoid product quality problems caused by unreasonable reading
errors of the tools.

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 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING 9
QUARTER 1: Week 1&2
SUMMATIVE TEST
Name: _______________________ Grade & Sec.: ___________Date:________ Score____

Multiple Choice-Tests
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on the
blank before the number.
____1. These are precisely-sized pieces of round wire.
A. Wire gauges B. Micrometer C. Steel Rule D. Caliper
____2. The simplest tool used for measuring linear distances. It is sometimes made
of plastic or steel.
A. Feeler gauges B. Caliper C. Steel Rule D. Steel Rule
____3. This is used to track down troubles in an engine that does not run as well
as it should.
A. Ohmmeter B. Vacuum gauge C. Caliper D. Hydrometer
____4. A device used to measure the specific gravity of battery electrolyte to
determine the state of charge of the battery.
A. Hydrometer B. Voltmeter C. Ohmmeter D. Timing Light
____5. A testing equipment used to find out common engine troubles, be they
mechanical or electrical.
A. Oscilloscope B. Dynamometer C. Engine Analyzer D. Caliper
____6. Used by big service shops in checking engine power performance
A. Caliper B. Dynamometer C. Rule D. Hydrometer
____7. This is a device for measuring engine speed or revolutions per minute (rpm)
A. Ohmmeter B. Voltmeter C. Hydrometer D. Tachometer
____8. It means splitting objects into equal parts or groups.
A. Subtraction B. Division C. Addition D. Multiplication
____9. It is used when you want to know how many objects are left in the group
after you take away a certain number of objects from the group.
A. Division B. Multiplication C. Addition D. Subtraction
____10. What is the value of π?
A. 3.17 B. 3.16 C. 3.15 D. 3.14
____11. What is the formula for computing the area of a triangle?
A. A = l x w x h B. A = a2 C. A = ½b × h D. A = w × h
____12. A measuring instrument for determining the greatest distance from a
surrounding circle of points on the actual cross-sectional profile of a
cylindrical surface.
A. Out of roundness B. Caliper
C. Vernier Caliper D. Inside of roundness
____13. These operations are first degree mathematical operations.
A. Subtraction and Multiplication B. Addition and Subtraction
C. Multiplication and Division D. Addition and Division
____14. These operations are second degree mathematical operations.
A. Subtraction and Multiplication B. Addition and Subtraction
C. Multiplication and Division D. Addition and Division
____15. What is the name of the symbol π?
A. Pi B. Pie C. Bi D. Bei

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 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING 9
QUARTER 1: Week 1&2
WRITTEN WORK TEST
Name: _______________________ Grade & Sec.: ___________Date:________ Score____

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters below to the tool being described. Write the
answer on the space just below the jumbled letters.
1. TCAHTERM this is a device for measuring engine
speed or revolutions per minute (rpm)
2. MOTREEHM this is an instrument used to measure the
electrical resistance
3. SSEMOPCOIRN ERESTT this is used to test the compression
pressure of the individual cylinders
4. LADI STORCANDII it has a dial face and a needle to register
measurements
5. GINNEE ZAYALNER a testing equipment used to find out
common engine troubles, be they
mechanical or electrical
6. DOMMYANEERT used by big service shops in checking
engine power performance
7. POCLISLOECOS used for diagnosing ignition and other
electrical problems
8. HDORMETERY A device used to measure the specific
gravity of battery electrolyte to
determine the state of charge of the
battery
9. LEEFRE SAUGGE Strips and blades of metal of various
thicknesses
10. Steel rule TESEL LUER The simplest tool used for measuring
linear distances

Parent/Guardian Comment Teacher Comment

AGOSTO LONGBOAN
Parent/Guardian Signature over PRINTED NAME MT1, T.L.E. Teacher
Date Submitted: ______________________ Date Received: ____________________

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 TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING 9
QUARTER 1: Week 1&2
PERFORMANCE TEST
Name: _______________________ Grade & Sec.: ___________Date:________ Score____

Test I: Computation
Directions: Compute the following using the correct mathematical formula.
Write your answer on the back of this paper
1. Measure the amount of space inside of 7 inches long, 4 inches wide, and
8 inches high box.
2. Compute the area of a rectangle that is 3 m wide and 6 m long.
3. Compute the circumference of a circle with 7 feet diameter.
4. Compute the circumference of a circle with 3 inches radius.
5. 6 – 4 x 10 / 2 =?
6. (7+3)3 – 29 =?
7. Measure the amount of space inside of 3 inches long, 3 inches wide, and
6 inches high box.
8. Compute the area of a rectangle that is 4 m wide and 8 m long.
9. Compute the circumference of a circle with 7 feet diameter.
10.Compute the circumference of a circle with 10 inches radius
Test II. Interpreting shapes
Directions: Compute the area of the following. Write your answer and
solution on the back of this paper.

1. Compute the area

2. Compute the circumference

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