Variations

變分

Exercises(練習)
1. Given that y varies directly as x, the following table shows some corresponding values of x and y.
已知 y 隨 x 而正變。下表列出了 x 和 y 的一些對應值：
x 4 8 12 16 20
y 2 4 6 8 10

(a) Find the variation constant.

(b) Plot the graph of y against x.
(c) When y  7, find the value of x graphically.

(a) 求變分常數。
(b) 繪畫 y 對 x 的圖像。
(c) 利用圖解法，求當 y = 7 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as x.

2 1
∴ Variation constant = =
4 2

(b) From the given table, we plot the graph of y against x.

(c) From the graph, when y = 7, x = 14

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Question Bank

2. The value ($P) of a piece of precious stone varies directly as the cube of its weight (w g) and P  2048
when w  16.
(a) Find an equation connecting P and w.
(b) (i) Find the value of a precious stone weighing 8 g.
(ii) Find the weight of a piece of precious stone if its value is $2916.
一枚寶石的價值 ($P) 隨其重量 (w g) 的立方而正變。當 w = 16 時，P = 2048。
(a) 求一個聯繫 P 和 w 的方程。
(b) (i) 求一枚重量為 8 g 的寶石的價值。
(ii) 若一枚寶石的價值為 $2916，求它的重量。
(a) ∵ P  w3

∴ P = kw3, k  0

By substituting w = 16 and P = 2048 into the equation, we have

2048  k (16) 3
1
k
2
1 3
∴ P w
2

(b) (i) When w = 8,

1 3
P (8)
2
 256
∴ The value of a piece of precious stone is $256.

(ii) When P = 2916,

1 3
2916  w
2
w3  5832

∴ w = 18

∴ The weight of a piece of precious stone is 18 g.

3. If y varies directly as x and y  21 when x  12, find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
(b) the value of y when x  28.
若 y 隨 x 而正變及當 x = 12 時，y = 21，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(b) 當 x = 28 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as x.

∴ y = kx, k  0

By substituting x = 12 and y = 21 into the equation, we have

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 10 Variations

21  k  12
21
k
12
7

4

7
∴ y x
4

(b) When x = 28,

7
y  28
4
 49

Alternative Solution
∵ yx

∴ y = kx, k  0

y
k
x

For any two pairs of x and y, say (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), we have

y1 y2

x1 x2

By substituting x1 = 12, y1 = 21 and x2 = 28 into the equation, we have

21 y2

12 28

∴ y2 = 49
i.e. When x = 28, y = 49

4. If (z – 2)  x3 and z  29 when x = 3, find

(a) an equation connecting x and z,
(b) the value of x when z  66.
若 (z – 2)  x3 及當 x = 3 時，z = 29，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 z = 66 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ (z – 2)  x3

∴ z – 2 = kx3, k  0

By substituting x = 3 and z = 29 into the equation, we have

29  2  k  33
27
k
27
1
∴ z  2  x3

i.e. z  x 3`  2

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Question Bank

(b) When z = 66,

66  x 3  2
x 3  64
∴ x4

5. Given y  x , find the percentage change in y when x is increased by 44%.

已知 y  x 。求當 x 增加 44% 時 y 的百分變化。
∵ y x
∴ y= k x ,k0
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.

∴ New value of x  (1  44%) x0

 1.44x0

New value of y  k 1.44x0 

 1 .2 k x 0

 1 .2 y 0

1.2 y0  y0
∴ Percentage change in y   100%
y0


1.2  1y0 100%
y0
 20%
∴ y is increased by 20%.

3
6. If y varies inversely as x and y = 2 when x = 8, find
(a) an equation connecting x and y,
1
(b) the value of x when y = .
3
若 y 隨 3 x 而反變及當 x = 8 時，y = 2，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
1
(b) 當 y = 時 x 的值。
3
3
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x.
k
∴ y= 3 ,k0
x
By substituting x = 8 and y = 2 into the equation, we have
k
2
.3
8
k 4
4
∴ y
3
x

1
(b) When y  ,
3

4
 10 Variations

1 4

3 3 x
3
x  12
∴ x  1728
Alternative Solution
1
∵ y 3
x
k
∴ y= 3
,k0
x
  =k
y3 x
For any two pairs of x and y, say (x1, y1) and (x2, y2), we have
  x
y1 3 x1  y2 3
2

1
By substituting x1 = 8, y1 = 2 and y2 = into the equation, we have
3
  13  x 
23 8  3
2

3 x2  12
∴ x2  1728
1
i.e. When y = , x  1728 .
3

7. Given that y varies inversely as x, the following table shows some corresponding values of x and y.
已知 y 隨 x 而反變。下表列出了 x 和 y 的一些對應值：
x 2 3 5 10 15 25
y 75 50 30 15 10 6

(a) Find the variation constant.

(b) Plot the graph of y against x.

(c) When x = 6, find the value of y graphically.

(a) 求變分常數。
(b) 繪畫 y 對 x 的圖像。
(c) 利用圖解法，求當 x = 6 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x.

∴ Variation constant = 2  75
= 150

(b) From the given table, we plot the graph of y against x.

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Question Bank

(c) From the graph, when x = 6, y = 25 .

8. If y varies inversely as z2 and z varies directly as x , prove that y varies inversely as x.

若 y 隨 z2 而反變及 z 隨 x 而正變，證明 y 隨 x 而反變。
1
∵ y and z  x
z2

k1
∴ y ……(1)
z2

and z  k2 x ……(2)
where k1 and k2 are non-zero constants.

By substituting (2) into (1), we have

k1
y
k x 
2
2

k1

k 2 2 x
∵ k1 and k2 are non-zero constants.

k1
∴ is also a non-zero constant.
k2 2
k1
By letting C = , we have
k2 2
C
y , where C is a non-zero constant
x

1
i.e. y
x

∴ y varies inversely as x.

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 10 Variations

9. Given y varies inversely as x3, find the percentage change in y when x is increased by 25%.
已知 y 隨 x3 而反變。求當 x 增加 25% 時 y 的百分變化。
1
∵ y
x3

k
∴ y ,k 0
x3

Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.

∴ New value of x = (1 + 25%)x0

= 1.25x0
k
New value of y 
(1.25x0 ) 3
 k 
 0.512 3 
x 
 0 
 0.512y 0
0.512y0  y 0
∴ Percentage change in y   100%
y0


0.512  1y0 100%
y0
 48.8%
∴ y is decreased by 48.8%.

10. In a journey, a car travels at uniform speed. The time (T hours) it takes to finish the journey varies
inversely as the speed (V km/h) of the car. It takes 4 hours to finish the journey if the car travels at 25 km/h.
(a) Find an equation connecting T and V.
(b) (i) If the car takes 2 hours to finish the journey, what is the speed of the car?
(ii) Find the time it takes to finish the journey if the speed of the car is 75 km/h.
對於一段固定的車程，一輛以勻速行駛的汽車完成旅程所需的時間 (T 小時) 隨其速率 (V km/h) 而
反變。若該輛汽車的速率為 25 km/h，則完成旅程所需的時間為 4 小時。
(a) 求一個聯繫 T 和 V 的方程。
(b) (i) 若該輛汽車完成旅程所需的時間為 2 小時，求它的速率。
(ii) 若該輛汽車的速率為 75 km/h，求它完成旅程所需的時間。
1
(a) ∵ T
V

k
∴ T ,k0
V

By substituting T = 4 and V = 25 into the equation, we have

k
4
25
k  100
100
∴ T
V

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Question Bank

(b) (i) When T = 2,

100
2
V
V  50
∴ If the car takes 2 hours to finish the journey, the speed of the car is 50 km/h.

(ii) When V = 75,

100
T
75
1
1
3

1
∴ If the speed of the car is 75 km/h, it takes 1 hours to finish the journey.
3

11. It is given that z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y , and z = 72 when x = 6 and y = 4.
(a) Express z in terms of x and y.
(b) Find the value of z when x = 3 and y = 16.
已知 z 隨 x2 而正變且隨 y 而反變。當 x = 6 及 y = 4 時，z = 72。
(a) 試以 x 和 y 表示 z。
(b) 求當 x = 3 及 y = 16 時 z 的值。
(a) ∵ z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y.

kx 2
∴ z= ,k0
y

By substituting x = 6, y = 4 and z = 72 into the equation, we have

k 6 
2
72 
4
k 4

4x2
∴ z=
y

(b) When x = 3 and y = 16,

43
2
z
16
9

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 10 Variations

12. If z varies jointly as x3 and y, and z = 64 when x = 2 and y = 4, find

(a) an equation connecting x, y and z,
(b) the value of y when x = 3 and z = 108.
若 z 隨 x3 和 y 而聯變，且當 x = 2 及 y = 4 時，z = 64，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x、y 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 x = 3 及 z = 108 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ z varies jointly as x3 and y.

∴ z = kx3y, k  0

By substituting x = 2, y = 4 and z = 64 into the equation, we have

64  k (2) 3 (4)
k 2

∴ z = 2x3y

(b) When x = 3 and z = 108,

108  2(3) 3 y
y2

13. The rent per month ($R) of an apartment varies directly as its area (A m2) and inversely as the square
root of its age (G years). If the rent of an apartment is $4000 when its area is 100 m2 and it is 9 years old,
find the age of an apartment if its area is 80 m2 and the rent is $2400.
一個住宅單位的月租 ($R) 隨其面積 (A m2) 而正變，且隨樓齡 (G 年) 的平方根而反變。若一個面
積為 100 m2，且樓齡為 9 年的住宅單位的月租是 $4000，求一個面積為 80 m2，而月租為 $2400 的
住宅單位的樓齡。
A
∵ R
G

kA
∴ R ,k0
G

By substituting R = 4000, A = 100 and G = 9 into the equation, we have

k 100
4000 
9
k  120

120A
∴ R
G

When R = 2400 and A = 80,

12080
2400 
G
G 4

∴ G = 16

∴ The age of an apartment is 16.

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Question Bank

14. If z partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as y2, and z = 18 when x = 3 and y = 2, z = 35
when x = 4 and y = 3, find
(a) an equation connecting x, y and z,
(b) the value of z when x = 2 and y = 4.
已知 z 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 y2 正變。當 x = 3 及 y = 2 時，z = 18；當 x = 4 及
y = 3 時，z = 35。求
(a) 一個聯繫 x、y 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 x = 2 及 y = 4 時 z 的值。
(a) ∵ z partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as y2.

∴ z = k1x + k2y2, where k1, k2  0

By substituting x = 3, y = 2 and z = 18 into the equation, we have

18 = k1(3) + k2(2)2

3k1 + 4k2 = 18 ……(1)

By substituting x = 4, y = 3 and z = 35 into the equation, we have

35 = k1(4) + k2(3)2

4k1 + 9k2 = 35 ……(2)

(2)  3 – (1)  4,
11k2 = 33

k2 = 3

By substituting k2 = 3 into (1), we have

3k1 + 4(3) = 18

k1 = 2
∴ z = 2x + 3y2

(b) When x = 2 and y = 4,

z = 2(2) + 3(4)2
= 52

15. The value ($V) of a crown varies jointly as the weight (w g) of gold in it and the number (N) of jewels
on it. Given that two crowns A and B have weights of gold in the ratio 4 : 5, and their values are in the ratio
24 : 45. If crown A has 12 jewels on it, find the number of jewels on crown B.
一個皇冠的價值 ($V) 隨所含的黃金重量 (w g) 和寶石的數目 (N) 而聯變。
已知兩個皇冠 A 和 B 所含的黃金重量之比為 4：5，而其價值之比則為 24：45。若皇冠 A 上的
寶石數目為 12 枚，求皇冠 B 上的寶石數目。
∵ V  wN

∴ V = kwN, k  0

Let w1 g, N1 and $V1 be the weight of gold, the number of jewels and the value of crown A, and w2 g, N2 and $V2 be those of crown

B respectively.
∴ V1 = kw1N1 ……(1)

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 10 Variations

V2 = kw2N2 ……(2)

V1 kw1 N1
(1)  (2), 
V2 kw2 N 2
V1 w1 N1
 
V2 w2 N 2
24 4 12
 
45 5 N 2

∴ N2 = 18

∴ Crown B has 18 jewels on it.

16. It is given that z varies directly as x2 and inversely as 3 y , and z = 4 when x = 2 and y = 27.
(a) Express z in terms of x and y.
(b) If x is decreased by 10% and y is increased by 33.1%, find the percentage change in z. (Give your
answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
已知 z 隨 x2 而正變且隨 3
y 而反變。當 x = 2 及 y = 27 時，z = 4。
(a) 試以 x 和 y 表示 z。
(b) 若 x 減少 10% 而 y 增加 33.1%，求 z 的百分變化。
(答案須準確至二位小數。)
x2
(a) ∵ z
3 y

kx 2
∴ z ,k0
3 y

By substituting x = 2, y = 27 and z = 4 into the equation, we have

k 2 
2
4
3
27
k 3

3x 2
∴ z
3 y

(b) Let x0, y0 and z0 be the original values of x, y and z respectively.

∴ New value of x = (1 – 10%)x0

= 0.9x0

New value of y = (1 + 33.1%)y0

= 1.331y0
30.9 x0 
2
New value of z =
3 1.331y0
2
0.81 3 x0
 
1 .1 3 y 0
0.81
 z0
1 .1

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Question Bank

0.81
z 0  z0
∴ Percentage change in z = 1.1  100%
z0
= –26.36% (cor. to 2 d.p.)
∴ z is decreased by 26.36%.

17, Given that y  (ax2 – 1), where a is a constant. If y = 21 when x = 2 and y = 51 when x = 3,
(a) find the value of a,
(b) find an equation connecting x and y,
(c) how does y change when the value of x is doubled?
(d) find the value of x when y = 7x.
已知 y  (ax2 – 1)，其中 a 是一個常數。當 x = 2 時，y = 21；當 x = 3 時，y = 51。
(a) 求 a 的值。
(b) 求一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
(c) 求當 x 增至兩倍時 y 的變化。
(d) 求當 y = 7x 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y  (ax2 – 1)

∴ y = k(ax2 – 1), k  0

By substituting x = 2 and y = 21 into the equation, we have

21 = k(a  22 – 1)
21 = k(4a – 1) ...............(1)

By substituting x = 3 and y = 51 into the equation, we have

51 = k(a  32 – 1)
51 = k(9a – 1) ...............(2)

(1)  (2),
21 k (4a  1)

51 k (9a  1)
7 4a  1

17 9a  1
7(9a  1)  17(4a  1)
63a  7  68a  17
5a  10
a2

(b) By substituting a = 2 into (1), we have

21  k (4  2  1 )
21  7 k
k 3

∴ y = 3(2x2 – 1)

y = 6x2 – 3

(c) Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.

12
 10 Variations

∴ New value of x = 2x0

New value of y = 6(2x0)2 – 3

= 24x02 – 3

= 4(6x02 – 3) + 9

= 4y0 + 9

∴ The new value of y is 4 times the original value plus 9.

(d) When y = 7x,

7 x  6x2  3
6x 2  7x  3  0
(3x  1)(2 x  3)  0

3x + 1 = 0 or 2x – 3 = 0

1 3
x or x
3 2

18. It is given that z partly varies directly as x and partly varies inversely as y , and z = 3 when x = 6
7
and y = 9, z = when x = 2 and y = 36.
6
(a) Express z in terms of x and y.
(b) Find the value of y when x = 3 and z = 19.
已知 z 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 y 反變。當 x = 6 及 y = 9 時，z = 3；當 x = 2
7
及 y = 36 時，z = 。
6
(a) 試以 x 和 y 表示 z。
(b) 求當 x = 3 及 z = 19 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ z partly varies directly as x and partly varies inversely as y.

k2
∴ z = k1x + , where k1, k2  0
y

By substituting x = 6, y = 9 and z = 3 into the equation, we have

k2
3 = k1(6) +
9

18k1 + k2 = 9 ……(1)

7
By substituting x = 2, y = 36 and z = into the equation, we have
6

7 k2
= k1(2) +
6 36

12k1 + k2 = 7 ……(2)

(1) – (2),

6k1 = 2

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Question Bank

1
k1 =
3

1
By substituting k1 = into (1), we have
3

1
18   k 2  9
 3
k2  3

x 3
∴ z= 
3 y

(b) When x = 3 and z = 19,

3 3
19  
3 y
1
y
6
1
y
36

19. The cost ($C) of holding a picnic is partly constant and partly varies directly as the number of
participants (P). For 25 participants, the cost is $1050, and for 20 participants, the cost is $900.
(a) Find an equation connecting C and P.
(b) If the cost is $1140, find the number of participants.
(c) If the number of participants obtained in (b) is halved, what is the cost?
舉辦一次旅行的成本 ($C) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨參加人數 (P) 正變。若有 25 人參
加，則所需成本是 $1050；若有 20 人參加，則所需成本是 $900。
(a) 求一個聯繫 C 和 P 的方程。
(b) 若旅行所需成本是 $1140，求參加人數。
(c) 根據 (b) 中的情況，若參加人數減至一半，求旅行所需的成本。
(a) ∵ C is partly constant and partly varies directly as P.

∴ C = k1 + k2P, where k1, k2  0

By substituting C = 1050 and P = 25 into the equation, we have

1050 = k1 + k2(25)

k1 + 25k2 = 1050 ……(1)

By substituting C = 900 and P = 20 into the equation, we have

900 = k1 + k2(20)

k1 + 20k2 = 900 ……(2)

(1) – (2),

5k2 = 150

k2 = 30

14
 10 Variations

By substituting k2 = 30 into (2), we have

k1 + 20(30) = 900

k1 = 300
∴ C = 300 + 30P

(b) When C = 1140,

1140 = 300 + 30P

P = 28
∴ If the cost is $1140, the number of participants is 28.

28
(c) When P = = 14,
2

C = 300 + 30(14)

= 720
∴ If the number of participants obtained in (b) is halved, the cost is $720.

20. The cost ($C) of printing an invitation card is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the number
of cards (n) printed. When 400 cards are printed, the cost of each card is $6. When 600 cards are printed,
the cost of each card is $5.5.
(a) Express C in terms of n.
(b) Find the cost of each card if 500 cards are printed.
(c) Mr. Chan planned to print 500 cards, but finally he printed only 100 cards. What is the percentage
change in the cost of each card?
(Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.)
印製一張邀請卡的成本 ($C) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨印製的數目 (n) 而反變。當印製
400 張邀請卡時，每張的成本是 $6；當印製 600 張邀請卡時，每張的成本是 $5.5。
(a) 試以 n 表示 C。
(b) 若所印製的邀請卡數目為 500 張，求每張邀請卡的成本。
(c) 陳先生打算印製 500 張邀請卡，但最後只印製了 100 張。求每張邀請卡的成本的百分變化。
(答案須準確至二位小數。)
(a) ∵ C is partly constant and partly varies inversely as n.

k2
∴ C = k1 + , where k1, k2  0
n

By substituting C = 6 and n = 400 into the equation, we have

k2
6 = k1 +
400

400k1 + k2 = 2400 ……(1)

By substituting C = 5.5 and n = 600 into the equation, we have

15
Question Bank

k2
5.5 = k1 +
600

600k1 + k2 = 3300 ……(2)

(2) – (1),

200k1 = 900

9
k1 =
2

9
By substituting k1 = into (1), we have
2

9
400   + k2 = 2400
2

k2 = 600

9 600
∴ C= 
2 n

(b) When n = 500,

9 600
C 
2 500
 5.7
∴ The cost of each card is $5.7 if 500 cards are printed.

(c) When n = 100,

9 600
C 
2 100
 10.5
10.5  5.7
∴ Percentage change in C = 100%
5.7

= 84.21% (cor. to 2 d.p.)

∴ The cost of each card is increased by 84.21%.

21. The cost ($C) of a gold-plating article varies directly as the square of the surface area (S cm2) of the
article and varies inversely as its weight (W g). The cost of a gold-plating article with surface area 8 cm2
and weight 20 g is $96.
(a) Express C in terms of S and W.
(b) If the cost of a gold-plating article with surface area 10 cm2 is $240, find the weight of the article.
(c) Find the percentage change in the cost of a gold-plating article when the surface area is halved and the
weight is doubled.
一件鍍金物件的價值 ($C) 隨它的表面面積 (S cm2) 的平方而正變，且隨它的重量 (W g) 而反變。
已知一件表面面積為 8 cm2 及重量為 20 g 的鍍金物件的價值是 $96。
(a) 試以 S 和 W 表示 C。
(b) 若一件表面面積為 10 cm2 的鍍金物件的價值是 $240，求它的重量。

16
 10 Variations

(c) 已知一件鍍金物件的表面面積減至一半，而其重量增至二倍。求該鍍金物件的價值的百分變化。

S2
(a) ∵ C
W

kS 2
∴ C ,k0
W

By substituting C = 96, S = 8 and W = 20 into the equation, we have

k (8) 2
96 
20
k  30

30S 2
∴ C
W

(b) By substituting C = 240 and S = 10 into the equation, we have

30(10) 2
240 
W
W  12.5

∴ The weight of the article is 12.5 g.

(c) Let C0, S0 and W0 be the original values of C, S and W respectively.

1
∴ New value of S = S0
2

New value of W = 2W0

2
1 
30 S0 
New value of C = 2 
2W0

1  30S 0  
2
=  
8  W0 

1
= C0
8

1
C0  C0
∴ Percentage change in C = 8  100%
C0

= –87.5%

∴ The cost of the article is decreased by 87.5%.

17
Question Bank

22. It is given that x varies directly as y2 and y varies inversely as z2.

(a) Show that x varies inversely as z4.
(b) Find the percentage change in x when z is decreased by 5%.
(c) Find the percentage change in z when x is increased by 46.41%.
(Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places if necessary.)
已知 x 隨 y2 而正變，且 y 隨 z2 而反變。
(a) 證明 x 隨 z4 而反變。
(b) 若 z 減少 5%，求 x 的百分變化。
(c) 若 x 增加 46.41%，求 z 的百分變化。
(如有需要，取答案準確至二位小數。)
1
(a) ∵ x  y2 and y
z2

∴ x = k1y2 ……(1)

k2
and y ……(2)
z2

where k1 and k2 are non-zero constants.

By substituting (2) into (1), we have

2
k 
x  k1  22 
z 
k1 k 2 
2

z4

∵ k1 and k2 are non-zero constants.

∴ k1(k2)2 is also a non-zero constant.

By letting C = k1(k2)2, we have

C
x , where C is a non-zero constant
z4

1
i.e. x
z4

∴ x varies inversely as z4.

(b) Let x0 and z0 be the original values of x and z respectively.

∴ New value of z  (1  5%) z 0

 0.95z 0

18
 10 Variations

C
New value of x 
(0.95z0 ) 4
1  C 
  
0.954  z0 4 
1
 x0
0.954

1
x  x0
4 0
∴ Percentage change in x  0.95 100%
x0
 22.77% (cor. to 2 d.p.)

∴ x is increased by 22.77%.

(c) Let x1 and z1 be the original values of x and z respectively.

∴ New value of x = (1 + 46.41%)x1

= 1.4641x1

C
New value of z = 4
1.4641x1

1  C 
= 4
1.1  x1 

1
= z1
1 .1

1
z1  z1
∴ Percentage change in z  .1
1 100%
z1
 9.09% (cor. to 2 d.p.)

∴ z is decreased by 9.09%.

23. The cost ($C) of holding a mini-concert is the sum of three parts. The first part is a constant of $2000,
the second part varies directly as the number of participants (x), the third part varies directly as the square
of the number of participants. The cost is $3000 when there are 100 participants and the cost is $2750 when
there are 150 participants.
(a) Express C in terms of x.
(b) Find the cost when there are 20 participants.
(c) Find the number of participants when the cost is $2960.
(d) Find the maximum cost as the number of participants varies.
籌辦一次迷你演唱會的開支 ($C) 由三部分組成。第一部分為固定的金額 $2000，第二部分隨參加
人數 (x) 正變，而第三部分則隨參加人數的平方正變。當參加人數是 100 人時，所需的開支是
$3000；當參加人數是 150 人時，所需的開支是 $2750。
(a) 試以 x 表示 C。
(b) 若參加人數為 20 人，求籌辦迷你演唱會的開支。

19
Question Bank

(c) 若所需的開支是 $2960，求參加人數。

(d) 求籌辦迷你演唱會的開支的最大可能值。
(a) ∵ C is partly constant, partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2.

∴ C = 2000 + k1x + k2x2, where k1, k2  0

By substituting C = 3000 and x = 100 into the equation, we have

3000 = 2000 + k1(100) + k2(100)2

k1 + 100k2 = 10 ……(1)

By substituting C = 2750 and x = 150 into the equation, we have

2750 = 2000 + k1(150) + k2(150)2

k1 + 150k2 = 5 ……(2)

(2) – (1),

50k2 = –5

1
k2  
10

1
By substituting k 2   into (1), we have
10

 1
k1  100    10
 10 
k1  20

x2
∴ C  2000 20x 
10

(b) When x = 20,

C  2000 20(20) 
202
10
 2360

∴ The cost is $2360 when there are 20 participants.

(c) When C = 2960,

x2
2960  2000 20x 
10
x 2  200x  9600  0
( x  80)( x  120)  0
x  80  0 or x  120 0
x  80 or x  120
∴ There are 80 or 120 participants when the cost is $2960.

20
 10 Variations

x2
(d) C  2000 20x 
10
1 2 1002
 ( x  200x  1002 )   2000
10 10
1
  ( x  100) 2  3000
10

∴ When there are 100 participants, the cost is maximum, which is equal to $3000.

21
Question Bank

Pre-requisite Questions
預備測驗
1. Find the following ratios.
(a) 30 cm to 1 m
(b) 3 kg to 1500 g
(c) 1.5L to 300mL
求下列的比。
(a) 30 cm 與 1 m 的比；
(b) 3 kg 與 1500 g 的比；
(c) 1.5 L 與 300 mL 的比。
(a) 30 cm : 1 m  30 cm :100 cm
 3 : 10

(b) 3 kg : 1500 g  3000 g :1500g

 2 :1

(c) 1.5 L : 300 mL  1500 mL : 300 mL

 5 :1

2. Express the following rates in the given units.

(a) A car travels 60 km in 2 hours (km/min).
(b) The cost of 200 VCDs is $700 ($/VCD).
(c) HKD100 is exchanged for 10.3 Euro (HKD/Euro).
(d) A man types 315 words in 7 minutes (words/minutes).
利用所給的單位表示下列的率。
(a) 一輛汽車在 2 小時內行駛了 60 km。 (km/min)
(b) 200 張雷射影碟的成本是 $700。 ($/張)
(c) 100 港元可兌換成 10.3 歐元。 (港元/歐元)
(d) 某人花了 7 分鐘來打 315 字。 (字/分鐘)
60 km
(a) Travel rate 
2 hours
60 km

120 min
 0.5 km/min

$700
(b) Cost rate 
200 VCDs
 $3.5 / VCD

22
 10 Variations

(c) Exchange rate  100 HKD/Euro

10.3
 9.71HKD/Euro

(d) Typing rate  315 words/min

7
 45 words/min

3. Express the following ratios in the simplest form:

簡化下列各比。
(a) a : b = 18 : 24
1 3
(b) a : b = :
6 8

3
(c) a : b = 0.24:
5

(a) a : b  18 : 24
18 24
 :
6 6
 3: 4

1 3
(b) a:b :
6 8
1 3
  24 :  24
6 8
 4:9

3
(c) a : b  0.24 :
5
24 3
 :
100 5
6 3
  25 :  25
25 5
 6 : 15
 2:5

4. Every day, the time Alan, Eric and Tom spend on the Internet are 15 minutes, 45 minutes and 1 hour
respectively. Find the ratio of the time that Alan, Eric and Tom spend on the Internet every day.
The required ratio  15 mins : 45 mins : 1 hour
 15 mins : 45 mins : 60 mins
 1: 3 : 4

23
Question Bank

5. In a map of scale 1 : 200, the length and the width of a rectangular field are 6 cm and 5 cm
respectively. Find the actual area of the field in m2.
在比例尺為 1 : 200 地圖中，而長方形田地的長和闊分別是 6 cm 和 5 cm。 求該田地的真實面
積 (單位為 m2)。

 6 cm  200
Actual length  1200cm
 12 m

 5 cm  200
Actual width  1000cm
 10 m

 12 m 10 m
∵ Actual area
 120 m 2

6. If 1 Euro is equivalent to 9.73 HK dollars and 1 GBP is equivalent to 14.6 HK dollars, how many
Euros are equivalent to 100 GBP? Correct your answer to the nearest Euro.
若 1 歐元相等於 9.73 港元及 1 英鎊相等於 14.6 港元，哪麼 100 英鎊相等於多少歐元? 答
案須準確至最接近的歐元。
1 Euro = 9.73 HKD
1
∴ 1 HKD  Euro
9.73

 14.6 HKD
1
1 GBP  14.6  Euro
9.73
 1.5005Euro
∴ 100 GBP  150 Euro (cor. to the nearest Euro)

7. If a : b = 3 : 4 and b : c = 2 : 5, find the value of a2 : c2.

1 1
若 :  4 : 3 及 a : c = 5 : 1，求 a : b : c 的值。
a b
a:b=3:4

b:c=2:5

=22:52
= 4 : 10
∴ a : b : c = 3 : 4 : 10
∴ a2 : c2  32 : 102
 9 : 100

24
 10 Variations

1 1
8. If :  4 : 3 and a : c = 5 : 1, find the value of a : b : c.
a b
雅倫、艾力和湯姆每天花在互聯網上的時間分別為 15 分鐘、45 分鐘和 1 小時。求雅倫、艾
力和湯姆每天花在互聯網上的時間的比。
1 1
:  4:3
a b

1
a 4
1 3
b
b
 4:3
a
a : b  3: 4
a : b  3 5 : 4  5

 15 : 20
a : c  5 :1

 5  3 : 1 3
 15 : 3
∴ a : b : c  15 : 20 : 3

9. Find the value of x in each of the following proportions.

求下列各比例中 x 的值。
(a) x:3=7:6
(b) x : 6 = 24 : x
(c) (x + 1) : (2x – 7) = 7 : 9
(a) x:3  7:6

x 7

3 6
x 7
3  3
3 6
7
x
2

(b) x : 6  24 : x
x 24

6 x
x 2  24  6
 144
x  12 or  12

(c) ( x  1) : (2 x  3)  7 : 9

25
Question Bank

x 1 7

2x  3 9
9( x  1)  7(2 x  3)
9 x  9  14x  21
14x  9 x  9  21
5 x  30
x6

10. Find the value of x in each of the following proportions.

求下列各比例中 x 的值。
(a) x:6=7:2
(b) 3 : 4 = 18 : x
(c) (3x + 1) : (2x – 7) = 2 : 1
(a) x:6  7:2

x 7

6 2
x 7
6  6
6 2
x  21

(b) 3 : 4  18 : x

3 18

4 x
x 18
 4x   4x
4 x
3 x  72
x  24

(c) (3x  1) : (2 x  7)  2 :1

3x  1 2

2x  7 1
3 x  1  2(3 x  7)
3 x  1  4 x  14
4 x  3 x  14  1
x  15

11. Find x : y in each of the following.

在下列各題中，求 x : y。
(a) 4x2 – 17xy + 4y2 = 0
(b) 2x2 – 7xy + 6y2 = 0
(a) 4 x 2  17xy  4 y 2  0
(4 x  y )( x  4 y )  0

26
 10 Variations

4x  y  0 or x  4y  0
4x  y or x  4y
x 1 x 4
 or 
y 4 y 1
x : y  1: 4 or x : y  4 :1

(b) 2 x 2  7 xy  6 y 2  0
(2 x  3 y )( x  2 y )  0
2x  3y  0 or x  2y  0
2x  3y or x  2y
x 3 x 2
 or 
y 2 y 1
x : y  3: 2 or x : y  2 :1

12. Find x : y in the following.

在下列各題中，求 x : y。
(a) 5x = 6y
1 1
(b) :  4:5
x y
(c) 3(2x – y) = 4x + 3y
2x  y 3
(d) 
3x  y 4
(e) 729x = 81y
(a) 5x  6 y
x 6

y 5

x: y  6:5

1 1
(b) :  4:5
x y

1
x 4
1 5
y
y 4

x 5

y : x  4:5
x : y  5: 4

(c) 3(2 x  y )  4 x  3 y
6x  3y  4x  3y
2x  6 y
x  3y
x 3

y 1

27
Question Bank

x : y  3 :1

2x  y 3
(d) 
3x  y 4
4(2 x  y )  3(3 x  y )
8x  4 y  9 x  3 y
x  7y
x 7

y 1

x : y  7 :1

729x  81y
(36 ) x  (34 ) y
36 x  34 y
(e) 6x  4 y
x 4

y 6
2

3

x: y  2:3

13. Find x : y : z in each of the following.

在下列各題中，求 x : y : z。
(a) x : y = 2 : 3 and y : z = 6 : 7
1 1 1
(b) x : y : z = : :
2 3 4
(c) 3x = 2y = 7z
(a) x: y  2:3

 2  2 : 3 2
 4:6

y : z  6:7
∴ x: y : z  4:6:7

1 1 1
(b) x: y:z  : :
2 3 4

1 1 1
  12 :  12 :  12
2 3 4
 6:4:3

(c) 3x  2 y
x 2

y 3

28
 10 Variations

x: y  2:3

2 y  7z
y 7

z 2

y:z  7:2
x: y  2:3
 2  7 : 3 7
 14 : 21
y:z  7:2
 73: 23
 21: 6

∴ x : y : z  14 : 21: 6

1 1 1
14. $777 is divided among 3 students A, B and C in the ratio : : , how much does A get?
4 5 6

1 1 1
A、B 和 C 三位同學以 : : 的比分享一筆金錢 $777，問 A 分得多少?
4 5 6

1 1 1
Required ratio  : :
4 5 6
1 1 1
  60 :  60 :  60
4 5 6
 15 : 12 : 10

15
∴ The amount that A gets  $777
15  12  10
15
 $777
37
 $315

15. Find the two numbers if they are in the ratio

(a) 5 : 2 and their sum is 35.
(b) 9 : 7 and their difference is 8.
(a) 若兩個數的比為 5 : 2，而他們的和是 35，求該兩個數。
(b) 若兩個數的比為 9 : 7，而他們的差是 8，求該兩個數。
5
(a) The larger number  35 
52
 25
2
The smaller number  35 
5 2
 10

9
(b) The larger number  8 
97
 36

29
Question Bank

7
The smaller number  8 
97
 28

16. The interior angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 4 : 7. Find the difference between the
largest and the smallest interior angles.
四邊形的內角的比是 1 : 3 : 4 : 7。求最大的內角與最小的內角之差。
7
Largest interior angle  360 
1 3  4  7
7
 360 
15
 168

7
Smallest interior angle  360 
1 3  4  7
1
 360 
15
 24

Difference  168  24

 144

17. A mother’s age and her daughter’s age are now in the ratio 17 : 6. Ten years ago, the ratio of their ages
was 12 : 1. Find their present ages.
. 某母親與她女兒現時歲數的比是 17 : 6。十年前，她們的歲數的比是 12 : 1。 求她們目前的歲
數。
. Let the present ages of the mother and her daughter be x and y respectively.

x 17
  (1)
y 6

x  10 12
  (2)
y  10 1

From (2),

x  10  12( y  10)
x  10  12 y  120
x  12 y  110  (3)

Put (3) into (1),

12 y  110 17

y 6
6(12 y  110)  17 y
72 y  660  17 y
55 y  660
y  12

Put y = 12 into (3),

30
 10 Variations

x  12(12)  110
x  34

∴ The present ages of the mother and her daughter are 34 and 12 respectively.

18. In the figure, AC : CB = 14 : 17 and AD : DC = 3 : 4.

在圖中，AC : CB = 14 : 17 及 AD : DC = 3 : 4。

(a) Find AD : DC : CB.

(b) If AD = 20 cm, find DB.
(a) 求 AD : DC : CB。
(b) 若 AD = 20 cm，求 DB。

(a)

AD : DC = 3 : 4

=32:42
=6:8
∵ AC : CB = 14 : 17
∴ AD : DC : CB  6 : 8 : 17

(b) AD : DC : CB = 6 : 8 : 17 (by (a))

∴ AD : DB  6 : (8  17)

 6 : 25
AD 6

DB 25
20 cm 6

DB 25
1
DB  83 cm
3

19. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 2. If the larger number is decreased by 9 and the smaller number is
increased by 4, the two numbers will be equal. Find the two numbers.
兩個數的比為 3 : 2。 若較大的數減少 9 及較小的數增加 4，則它們便會相等。 求該兩個數。
Let the larger number be x and the smaller number be y.
∵ x:y=3:2

x 3
∴   (1)
y 2

31
Question Bank

x 9  y  4  (2)

From (2),

x = y + 13  (3)
Put (3) into (1),
y  13 3

y 2
2( y  13)  3 y
y  26
Put y = 26 into (3),

x  26  13
 39

∴ The two numbers are 39 and 26.

32
 10 Variations

Level 1 Questions
程度 1 題目

1. Given that y  x, complete the tables below.

. 已知 y  x，試完成下列各表。
1 3
(a) x 0
2 4
y 6 14

(b) x 1 25
y 4 10 16
(a) ∵ yx

y = kx, k  0

3
By substituting x = and y = 6 into the equation, we have
4

3
6  k 
4
4
k  6
3
8

When x = 0,

y  8(0)
0

1
When x = ,
2

1
y  8 
2
4

When y = 14,

3
14  x
4
4
x  14 
3
56

3

(b) ∵ yx

∴ y = kx, k  0

By substituting x = 25, y = 10 into the equation, we have

10  25k
10
k
25
2

5

33
Question Bank

When x = 1,
2
y (1)
5
2

5

When y = 4,
2
4 x
5
5
x  4 
2
 10

When y = 16,
2
16  x
5
5
x  16 
2
 40

2. If y varies directly as x3 and x = 2 when y = 16, find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
(b) the value of x when y = –54.
若 y 隨 x3 而正變及當 y = 16 時，x = 2，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(b) 當 y = –54 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as x3.
∴ y = kx3, k  0
By substituting x = 2 and y = 16 into the equation, we have
16  8k
k 2
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y = 2x3.

(b) When y = –54,

 54  2 x 3
x 3  27
x  3

3. Given that y varies directly as x, complete the tables below.

已知 y 隨 x 而正變，試完成下列各表。
(a) x 1 2 4
y 3 15

(b) x 2 4
y 6.2 24.8 310
(a) ∵ y varies directly as x.

∴ y = kx, k  0

By substituting x = 1 and y = 3 into the equation, we have k = 3

34
 10 Variations

When x = 2,

y  3 2
6

When y = 15,

15  3 x
x5

When x = 4,

y  3 4
 12

(b) ∵ y varies directly as x.

∴ y = kx, k  0

By substituting x = 2 and y = 6.2 into the equation, we have

6.2  2k
k  3.1

When x = 4,
y  3.1 4
 12.4

When y = 24.8,

24.8  3.1x
x 8

When y = 310,

310  3.1x
x  100

4. In each of the following, given that y varies directly as x , find

(i) the variation constant,
(ii) an equation connecting x and y.
在下列各題中，已知 y 隨 x 而正變。 求
(i) 變分常數；
(ii) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。

(a) x 1 4 9 16 25 36
y 2 4 6 8 10 12

(b) x 9 36 81 144 225 324

y 1 2 3 4 5 6
(a) (i) ∵ y varies directly as x.

35
Question Bank

2
∴ Variation constant 
1
2

(ii) The equation connecting x and y is y  2 x .

(b) (i) ∵ y varies directly as x.

1
∴ Variation constant 
9
1

3

(ii) The equation connecting x and y is

x
y= .
3

5. In each of the following, given that y  (x + 1), find

(i) the variation constant,
(ii) an equation connecting x and y.
在下列各題中，已知 y  (x + 1)。 求
(i) 變分常數；
(ii) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
(a) x 3 5 7 9 11 13
y 6 9 12 15 18 21

(b) x 1 2 3 4 5 6
3 9 3 15 9 21
y
4 8 2 8 4 8
(a) (i) ∵ y varies directly as x + 1.
6
∴ Variation constant 
3 1
6

4
3

2

3
(ii) The equation connecting x and y is y  ( x  1) .
2

(b) (i) ∵ y varies directly as x + 1.

3
∴ Variation constant  4
11
3

8

3
(ii) The equation connecting x and y is y  .x .
8

36
 10 Variations

6. If t varies directly as s and t = 20 when s = 16, find

(a) an equation connecting t and s,
(b) the value of s when t = 30.
. 若 t 隨 s 而正變及當 s = 16 時，t = 20，求
(a) 一個聯繫 t 和 s 的方程；
(b) 當 t = 30 時 s 的值。
(a) ∵ t varies directly as s .
∴ tk s ,k0
By substituting t = 20 and s = 16 into the equation, we have
20  k 16
4k  20
k 5
∴ The equation connecting t and s is t  5 s .

(b) When t = 30,

30  5 s
s 6
s  36

7. It is given y varies directly as x, and the figure below shows the graph of y against x.

Find an equation connecting x and y.

. ∵ y varies directly as x.
∴ y = kx, k  0
From the figure, (1, 5) lies on the graph.
∴ 5  k (1)
k 5
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y = 5x.

8. It is given y varies directly as x, and the figure below shows the graph of y against x.
己知 y 隨 x 而正變，而下圖所示為 y 對 x 的圖像。

37
Question Bank

Find an equation connecting x and y.

求一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
∵ y varies directly as x.
∴ y = kx, k  0
From the figure, (3, 1) lies on the graph.
∴ 1  3k
1
k
3
x
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y  .
3

9. It is given p  q . If q is decreased by 19%, find the percentage change in p.

. 已知 p  q 。若 q 減少 19%，求 p 的百分變化。
∵ p q
∴ pk q ,k0
Let p0 and q0 be the original values of p and q respectively.
∴ New value of q  (1  19%) q0
 0.81q0
New value of p  k 0.81q0

 0.9k q0
 0.9 p0
0.9 p0  p0
∴ Percentage change in p   100%
p0
(0.9  1) p0
  100%
p0
  10%

10. It is given y  x2. If x is increased by 21%, find the percentage change in y.

已知 y  x2。 若 x 增加 21%，求 y 的百分變化。
∵ y  x2
∴ y = kx2, k  0
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.
∴ New value of x  (1  21%) x0
 1.21x0
New value of y  k (1.21x ) 2
0

 1.4641kx0
2

 1.4641y0

38
 10 Variations

1.4641y0  y0
∴ Percentage change in y   100%
y0
(1.4641 1) y0
  100%
y0
 46.41%

11. The postal cost ($C) of a parcel varies directly as the square root of its weight (w kg). If the postal cost
of a parcel of 16 kg is $28, find
(a) an equation connecting C and w,
(b) the postal cost of a parcel of 36 kg.
一個包裹的運輸成本 ($C) 隨它的重量 (w kg) 的平方根而正變。若一個重 16 kg 的包裹的運輸成本
為 $28，求
(a) 一個聯繫 C 和 w 的方程；
(b) 一個重 36 kg 的包裹的運輸成本。
(a) ∵ C w
∴ Ck w ,k0
By substituting C = 28 and w = 16 into the equation, we have
28  k 16
4k  28
k 7
∴ C 7 w

(b) When w = 36,

C  7( 36 )
 7(6)
 42
∴ The postal cost of a 36 kg parcel is $42.

12. The cost ($C) of painting the surface of a sphere varies directly as the square of its radius (r cm). If the
cost of painting a sphere of radius 3 cm is $36, find the cost of painting a sphere of radius 7 cm.
在一個球體的表面髹上油漆的成本 ($C) 隨它的半徑 (r cm) 的平方而正變。若把一個半徑為
3 cm 的球體髹上油漆的成本為 $36，問把一個半徑為 7 cm 的球體髹上油漆的成本是多少?
∵ C  r2
∴ C = kr2, k  0
By substituting r = 3 and C = 36 into the equation, we have
36  k (3) 2
k 4
When r = 7,
C  4(7) 2
 196
∴ The cost of painting a sphere of radius 7 cm is $196.

39
Question Bank

13. Given that y varies inversely as x , complete the tables below.

已知 y 隨 x 而反變，試完成下列各表。
(a) x 4 25
50 25
y 50
3 3

(b) x 36 81
9
y 9 4
4
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x .
k
∴ y ,k0
x
By substituting x = 4 and y = 50 into the equation, we have
k
50 
4
k
50 
2
k  100
When x = 25,
100
y
25
100

5
 20
50
When y  ,
3
50 100

3 x
3
x  100
50
x 6
x  36
25
When y  ,
3
25 100

3 x
3
x  100
25
x  12
x  144

(b) ∵ y varies inversely as x .

k
∴ y ,k0
x
By substituting x = 81 and y = 4 into the equation, we have
k
4
81
k
4
9
k  36
When y = 9,

40
 10 Variations

36
9
x
x 4
x  16
When x = 36,
36
y
36
36

6
6
9
When y  ,
4
9 36

4 x
4
x  36 
9
 16
x  256

14. Given that y varies inversely as x, complete the tables below.

. 已知 y 隨 x 而反變，試完成下列各表。
(a) x 6 8
y 8 4 24

(b) x 2 5 10
y 8 2
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x.
k
∴ y ,k0
x
By substituting x = 6 and y = 4 into the equation, we have
k
4
6
k  6( 4)
 24
When y = 8,
24
8
x
x3
When x = 8,
24
y
8
3
When x = 24,
24
y
24
1

(b) ∵ y varies inversely as x.

k
∴ y ,k0
x
By substituting x = 5 and y = 8 into the equation, we have

41
Question Bank

k
8
5
k  8(5)
 40
When x = 2,
40
y
2
 20
When x = 10,
40
y
10
4
When y = 2,
40
2
x
x  20

15. In each of the following, given that y varies inversely as (x + 3), find
(i) the variation constant,
(ii) an equation connecting x and y.
在下列各題中，已知 y 隨 (x + 3) 而反變。求
(i) 變分常數；
(ii) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
(a) x 1 3 5 6 9
3 4
y 3 2 1
2 3

(b) x 0 1 2 3 4
2 1 2 1 2
y
3 2 5 3 7
(a) (i) ∵ y varies inversely as x + 3.
∴ Variation constant  (1  3)(3)
 12

12
(ii) The equation connection x and y is y  .
x3

(b) (i) ∵ y varies inversely as x + 3.

Variation constant  (0  3) 

2
∴
3
2

2
(ii) The equation connecting x and y is y  .
x3

42
 10 Variations

16. In each of the following, given that y varies inversely as x2, find
(i) the variation constant,
(ii) an equation connecting x and y.
在下列各題中，已知 y 隨 x2 而反變。求
(i) 變分常數；
(ii) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
(a) x 2 4 6 8 10 12
y 180 45 20 11.25 7.2 5

(b) x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 900 225 100 56.25 36 25
(a) (i) ∵ y varies inversely as x2.
Variation constant  (2) (180)
2
∴
 720

720
(ii) The equation connection x and y is y  .
x2

(b) (i) ∵ y varies inversely as x2.

Variation constant  (1) (900)
2
∴
 900

900
(ii) The equation connecting x and y is y  .
x2

17. If y varies inversely as (x – 2) and y = 6 when x = 4, find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
(b) the value of x when y = 8.
若 y 隨 (x – 2) 而反變及當 x = 4 時，y = 6，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(b) 當 y = 8 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x – 2.
k
∴ y ,k0
x2
By substituting x = 4 and y = 6, we have
k
6
42
k
6
2
k  12
12
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y  .
x3

(b) When y = 8,

43
Question Bank

12
8
x3
12
x3
8
3
x3
2
3
x  3
2
3

2

18. If x varies inversely as (3y – 5), and x = 1 when y = 4, find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
7
(b) the value of y when x  .
4
若 x 隨 (3y – 5) 而反變及當 y = 4 時，x = 1，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
7
(b) 當 x  時 y 的值。
4
(a) ∵ x varies inversely as 3y – 5.
k
∴ x
3y  5
By substituting x = 1 and y = 4 into the equation, we have
k
1
3(4)  5
k

7
k 7
7
∴ The equation connecting x and y is x  .
3y  5

7
(b) When x  ,
4
7 7

4 3y  5
3y  5  4
3y  9
y 3

19. It is given y varies inversely as x, and the figure below shows the graph of y against x.
己知 y 隨 x 而反變，而下圖所示為 y 對 x 的圖像。

44
 10 Variations

Find an equation connecting x and y.

求一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
∵ y varies inversely as x.
k
∴ y ,k0
x
 1
From the figure, 1,  lies on the graph.
 2
1 k
∴ 
2 1
1
k
2
1
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y  .
2x

20 It is given y varies inversely as x, and the figure below shows the graph of y against x.
己知 y 隨 x 而反變，而下圖所示為 y 對 x 的圖像。

Find an equation connecting x and y.

求一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
∵ y varies inversely as x.
k
∴ y ,k0
x
From the figure, (2, 2) lies on the graph.

45
Question Bank

k
∴ 2
2
k 4
4
∴ The equation connecting x and y is y  .
x

21 For a tunnel of a given length, the average speed of a car to travel through the tunnel varies inversely
as the time required. When the speed is 50 ms–1, the time required is 10 minutes. Find the time
required to travel through the tunnel if the speed is 75 ms–1.
對於一條已知長度的隧道，一輛汽車穿越它的平均速度隨所需時間而反變。當速度是 50 ms–1
時，所需時間是 10 分鐘。 若速度是 75 ms–1，求穿越該隧道的所需時間。
Let V ms–1 be the speed of the car and t min be the time required to travel through the tunnel.
1
∵ V
t
k
∴ V  ,k0
t
By substituting V = 50 and t = 10 into the equation, we have
k
50 
10
k  500
500
∴ V
t
When V = 75,
500
75 
t
500
t
75
20

3
20
∴ The time required for the car to travel through the tunnel is minutes.
3

22 It is given that y varies inversely as x3. If x is increased by 25%, find the percentage change in y.
已知 y 隨 x3 而反變。若 x 增加 25%，求 y 的百分變化。
∵ y varies inversely as x3.
k
∴ y 3 ,k0
x
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.
∴ New value of x  (1  25%) x0
 1.25x0
5
 x0
4

46
 10 Variations

k
∴ New value of y  3
5 
 x0 
4 
k
 3
5 3
  x0
4
64 k
 
125 x0 3
64
 y0
125
64
y0  y0
∴ Percentage change in y  125  100%
y0
 64 
  1 y 0
  125 
 100%
y0
61
  100%
125
  48.8%

1
23. It is given that y  . If x is decreased by 10%, find the percentage change in y. Give your answer
x2
correct to 3 significant figures.
1
已知 y  。若 x 減少 10%，求 y 的百分變化。 取答案準確至三位有效數字。
x2
1
∵ y
x2
k
∴ y 2 ,k0
x
Let x0 and y0 be the original values of x and y respectively.
∴ New value of x  (1  10%) x0
9
 x0
10
k
∴ New value of y  2
 9 
 x0 
 10 
k
 2
 9  2
  x0
 10 
100 k
 
81 x0 2
100
 y0
81
100
y0  y0
∴ Percentage change in y  81  100%
y0
 100 
  1 y0

81 
 100%
y0
 23.5% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

47
Question Bank

24. Express each of the following statements as an equation. Use the letter k to denote the variation
constant.
(a) y varies directly as (x + 1).
(b) z varies jointly as x and y.

(c) z varies jointly as x2 and 3 y.

(d) z varies inversely as x and directly as t3.

把下列各變分表示成一個方程，並以字母 k 代表變分常數。
(a) y 隨 (x + 1) 而正變。
(b) z 隨 x 和 y 而聯變。
2
(c) z 隨 x 和 3
y 而聯變。
(d) z 隨 x 而反變且隨 t3 而正變。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as x + 1.
∴ y = k(x + 1)

(b) ∵ z varies jointly as x and y.

∴ z  ky x

(c) ∵ z varies jointly as x2 and 3

y.
∴ z  kx 23
y

(d) ∵ z varies inversely as x and directly as t3.

kt 3
∴ z
x

25. The number of days required to finish a certain task varies inversely as the number of workers. If there
are 12 workers, they can finish the task in 15 days. Find the number of workers needed so that the task
is finished in 9 days.
. 完成一項工程所需的日數隨工人的數目而反變。若有 12 名工人參與該項工程，則工程需時
15 天便可完成。若該項工程須在 9 天內完成，問最少需要多少名工人?
Let x be the number of days and n be the number of workers.
1
∵ x
n
k
∴ x ,k0
n
By substituting x = 15 and n = 12 into the equation, we have
k
15 
12
k  15(12)
 180
180
∴ x
n
When n = 9,

48
 10 Variations

180
x
9
 20
∴ 20 workers are needed to finish the task in 9 days.

26. If s varies jointly as t2 and a, and s = 100 when a = 2 and t = 5, find

(a) an equation connecting s, t and a,
(b) the value of s when a = 3 and t = 2.
. 若 s 隨 t2 和 a 而聯變，且當 a = 2 及 t = 5 時，s = 100，求
(a) 一個聯繫 s、t 和 a 的方程；
(b) 當 a = 3 及 t = 2 時 s 的值。
(a) ∵ s varies jointly as t2 and a.
∴ s = kat2, k  0
By substituting s = 100, a = 2 and t = 5 into the equation, we have
100  k (2)(5) 2
 50k
k 2
∴ The equation connecting s, t and a is
s = 2at2.

(b) When a = 3 and t = 2,

s  2(3)(2) 2
 24

27. If z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y, and z = 8 when x = 2 and y = 3, find

(a) an equation connecting x, y and z,
(b) the value of x when y = 2 and z = 27.
若 z 隨 x2 而正變且隨 y 而反變，當 x = 2 及 y = 3 時， z = 8，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x、y 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 y = 2 及 z = 27 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y.
kx 2
∴ z ,k0
y
By substituting x = 2, y = 3 and z = 8 into the equation, we have
k ( 2) 2
8
3
4k
8
3
3
k  8
4
k 6
6x2
∴ The equation connecting x, y and z is z  .
y

(b) When y = 2 and z = 27,

49
Question Bank

6x2
27 
2
27
x2 
3
x 9
2

x  3 or  3

28. It is given that P varies inversely as q and directly as r2. Find the percentage change in P if q is
increased by 20% and r is decreased by 20%.
已知 P 隨 q 而反變，且隨 r2 而正變。 若 q 增加 20% 而 r 減少 20%，求 P 的百分變化。
∵ P varies inversely as q and directly as r2.

kr 2
∴ P ,k0
q

Let P0, q0 and r0 be the original values of P, q and r respectively.

∴ New value of q  (1  20%) q0
 1.2q0
New value of r  (1  20%) r0
 0.8r0
k (0.8r0 ) 2
New value of P 
1.2q0
2
8kr0

15q0
8
 P0
15
8
P0  P0
∴ Percentage change in P  15  100%
P0
 8 
  1 P0
  15 
 100%
P0
2
  46 %
3

29. If y varies directly as x3 and inversely as z2, and y = 32 when x = 2 and z = 1, find y when
x = 1 and z = 3.
. 若 y 隨 x3 而正變且隨 z2 而反變，當 x = 2 及 z = 1 時，y = 32，求當 x = 1 及 z = 3 時 y 的值。
∵ y varies directly as x3 and inversely as z2.
kx 3
∴ y ,k0
z2
By substituting x = 2, y = 32 and z = 1 into the equation, we have
k ( 2) 3
32  2
1
8k  32
k 4
4 x3
∴ y 2
z
When x = 1 and z = 3,

50
 10 Variations

4(1)3
y
32
4

9

30. The volume (V) of a gas varies directly as its temperature (T) and inversely as its pressure (P). Find
the percentage change in V if T is increased by 20% and P is decreased by 40%.
汽體的體積 (V) 隨它的溫度 (T) 而正變，且隨它的壓力 (P) 而反變。 若 T 增加 20% 而 P 減少
40%，求 V 的百分變化。
∵ V varies directly as T and inversely as P.

kT
∴ V ,k0
P

Let V0, T0 and P0 be the original values of V, T and P respectively.

∴ New value of T  (1  20%)T0
 1.2T0
New value of P  (1  40%) P0
 0.6 P0
k (1.2)T0
New value of V 
0.6 P0
2kT0

P0
 2V0
2V0  V0
∴ Percentage change in V   100%
V0
 100%

31. It is given that a partly varies directly as the square of b and partly varies inversely as c, and a = 4
when b = c = 1, a = 5 when b = 1 and c = 2. Express a in terms of b and c.
已知 a 的一部分隨 b 的平方正變，而另一部分則隨 c 反變。當 b = c = 1 時，a = 4；當 b = 1 及 c
= 2 時，a = 5 。試以 b 和 c 表示 a。
∵ a partly varies directly as b2 and partly varies inversely as c.

k2
∴ a  k1b 2  , where k1, k2  0
c

By substituting a = 4, b = 1 and c = 1 into the equation, we have

4  k1  k2  (1)

By substituting a = 5, b = 1 and c = 2 into the equation, we have

k2
5  k1   (2)
2

(2) – (1),

51
Question Bank

k2
1 
2
k 2  2

By substituting k2  2 into (1), we have

4  k1  2
k1  6
2
∴ a  6b 2 
c

32. S varies jointly as p2 and q, and S = 48 when p = 2 and q = 4.

(a) Find the equation connecting p, q and S.
(b) Find the percentage change in S if p and q are both increased by 20%.
S 隨 p2 和 q 而聯變，且當 p = 2 及 q = 4 時，S = 48。
(a) 求一個聯繫 p、q 和 S 的方程。
(b) 若 p 和 q 同時增加 20%，求 S 的百分變化。
(a) S varies jointly as p2 and q.

S = kp2q, k  0
By substituting S = 48, p = 2 and q = 4 into the equation, we have

48  k (2) 2 (4)
16k  48
k 3

∴ The equation connecting S, p and q is

S = 3p2q.

(b) Let p0 , q0 and S0 be the original values of p, q and S respectively.

∴ New value of p  (1  20%) p0
 1.2 p0
New value of q  (1  20%) q0
 1.2q0
New value of S  3(1.2 p0 ) (1.2q0 )
2

 1.728(3 p0 q0 )
2

 1.728S0

1.728S0  S0
∴ Percentage change in S   100%
S0
(1.728  1) S0
  100%
S0
 72.8%

33. It is given that y partly varies directly as x and partly varies inversely as x, and y = 7 when
1
x = 1, y = –2 when x  .
4
(a) Express y in terms of x.

52
 10 Variations

(b) Find the value of y when x = 2.

1
已知 y 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 x 反變。 當 x = 1 時， y = 7；當 x  時，
4
y = –2。
(a) 試以 x 表示 y。
(b) 當 x = 2 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ y partly varies directly as x and partly varies inversely as x.

k2
∴ y  k1 x  , where k1, k2  0
x

By substituting x = 1 and y = 7 into the equation, we have

7  k1  k2  (1)

1
By substituting x  and y = –2 into the equation, we have
4

1 k
2 k1  2
4 1
4
1
 k1  4k2
4
∴  8  k1  16k 2  (2)

(2) – (1),
15  15k2
k2  1
By substituting k2 = –1 into (1), we have
7  k1  1
k1  8
1
∴ y  8x 
x

(b) When x = 2,
1
y  8(2) 
2
31

2

34. It is given that w is partly constant and partly varies directly as v, and w = 4 when v = 2, w = 6
when v = 8. Find
(a) the equation connecting w and v,
(b) the value of v when w = 12.
已知 w 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨 v 正變。 當 v = 2 時，w = 4；當 v = 8 時，w = 6。
求
(a) 一個聯繫 w 和 v 的方程；

53
Question Bank

(b) 當 w = 12 時 v 的值。
(a) ∵ w is partly constant and partly varies directly as v.

∴ w = k1 + k2v, where k1, k2  0

By substituting v = 2 and w = 4 into the equation, we have

4 = k1 + 2k2  (1)
By substituting v = 8 and w = 6 into the equation, we have

6 = k1 + 8k2  (2)
(1) – (2),

2  6k2
1
k2 
3

1
By substituting k2  into (1), we have
3

1
4  k1  2 
3
2
k1  4 
3
10

3

10 v
∴ The equation connecting w and v is w   .
3 3

(b) When w = 12,

10 v
12  
3 3
36  10  v
v  26

35. It is given that y is partly constant and partly varies inversely as x. The figure below shows the graph of
y against x. Express y in terms of x.
已知 y 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨 x 反變。下圖所示為 y 對 x 的圖像。 試以 x 表
示 y。

54
 10 Variations

∵ y is partly constant and partly varies inversely as x.

k2
∴ y  k1  , where k1, k2  0
x

From the figure, (1, 11) and (25, 6.2) lie on the graph.

By substituting x = 1 and y = 11 into the equation, we have

11  k1  k2  (1)

By substituting x = 25 and y = 6.2 into the equation, we have

k2
6.2  k1   (2)
25

(1) – (2),
 1 
4 .8  k 2  1  
 25 
24k 2

25
25
k 2  4. 8 
24
5
By substituting k2 = 5 into (1), we have
11  k1  5
k1  6
5
∴ y 6
x

36. The friction (F) acting on a traveling car is partly constant and partly varies directly as the square of
speed (V). When V = 40, F = 98. When V = 50, F = 125. Find
(a) the equation connecting V and F,
(b) the value of V when F = 242.
一輛汽車行駛時受到的阻力 (F) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨行駛速度 (V) 的平方正
變。當 V = 40 時，F = 98；當 V = 50 時，F = 125。求
(a) 一個聯繫 V 和 F 的方程；
(b) 當 F = 242 時 V 的值。
(a) ∵ F is partly constant and partly varies directly as V2.

∴ F = k1 + k 2V2, where k1, k2  0

By substituting V = 40 and F = 98 into the equation, we have

98  k1  k2 (40) 2
98  k1  1600k2  (1)

By substituting V = 50 and F = 125 into the equation, we have

125  k1  k 2 (50) 2
125  k1  2500k 2  (2)

(2) – (1),

55
Question Bank

27  900k 2
3
k2 
100

3
By substituting k2  into (1), we have
100

3
98  k1  1600
100
 k1  48
k1  50

3 2
∴ The equation connecting V and F is F  50  V .
100

(b) When F = 242,

3 2
242  50  V
100
3 2
192  V
100
100
V 2  192
3
 6400
V  80 or  80 (rejected)

37. The cost ($C) of holding a birthday party in a fastfood restaurant is partly constant and partly varies
directly as the number (n) of people joining the party. For a group of 20 people, the cost of the party is
$1700. For a group of 30 people, the cost of the party is $2300. Find
(a) the equation connecting C and n.
(b) the cost of the party for a group of 40 people.
在某快餐店舉行一次生日派對的費用 ($C) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨參加人數 (n)
正變。 若有 20 人參加派對，則派對的費用是 $1700；若有 30 人參加派對，則派對的費用是
$2300。求
(a) 一個聯繫 C 和 n 的方程；
(b) 40 人參加派對的費用。
(a) ∵ C is partly constant and partly varies directly as n.

∴ C = k1 + k 2n, where k1, k2  0

By substituting n = 20 and C = 1700 into the equation, we have

1700 = k 1 + 20 k 2  (1)
By substituting n = 30 and C = 2300 into the equation, we have

2300 = k 1 + 30 k 2  (2)
(2) – (1),

600  10k2
k2  60

56
 10 Variations

By substituting k2 = 60 into (1), we have

1700  k1  20(60)
 k1  1200
k1  500

∴ The equation connecting C and n is

C = 500 + 60n.

(b) When n = 40,

C  500  60(40)
 500  2400
 2900

∴ The cost of the party is $2900.

57
Question Bank

Level 2 Questions
程度 2 題目

1. If S  u 2 and u  t , show that S  t 2 .

若 S  u 2 及 u  t ，證明 S  t 2 。
∵ S  u2
∴ S  k1u 2 , where k1 is a non-zero constant ...... (1)
∵ u t
∴ u  k 2t , where k2 is a non-zero constant ...... (2)

By substituting (2) into (1), we have

S  k1 (k 2 t ) 2
 k1k 2 t 2
2

∵ k1 and k2 are non-zero constants.

∴ k1k22 is also a non-zero constant.

By letting k3  k1k 2 , we have

2

S  k3t 2 , where k3 is a non-zero constant.

i.e. S  t2

2. It is given that y  3 varies directly as x 2  2 x . When x  2 , y  5 . Find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
(b) the value of y when x  2 ,
(c) the value of x when y  4 .
已知 y  3 隨 x 2  2 x 而正變。當 x  2 時， y  5 。求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(b) 當 x  2 時 y 的值；
(c) 當 y  4 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ ( y  3) varies directly as ( x 2  2 x) .
∴ y  3  k ( x 2  2 x), k  0
By substituting x  2 and y  5 into the equation, we have

5  3  k[2 2  2(2)]
k 1
∴ y  3  x 2  2x
y  x 2  2x  3

(b) When x  2 ,

y  (2) 2  2(2)  3
 3

58
 10 Variations

(c) When y  4 ,

 4  x 2  2x  3
x2  2x 1  0
( x  1) 2  0
x  1

3. It is given that z  y and y  x 2 . When y  2 , z  4 . When x  6 , y  12 . Find

(a) an equation connecting x and z,
(b) the value of z when x  9 .
已知 z  y 及 y  x 2 。 當 y  2 時， z  4 ；當 x  6 時， y  12 。求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 x  9 時 z 的值。
(a) ∵ zy
∴ z  k1 y, k1  0

By substituting z  4 and y  2 into the equation, we have

4  k1 (2)
k1  2
∴ z  2y ......( 1)

∵ y  x2
∴ y  k2 x 2 , k2  0
By substituting y  12 and x  6 into the equation, we have

12  k 2 (6 2 )
1
k2 
3
1 2
∴ y x ......( 2)
3

By substituting (2) into (1), we have

1 
z  2 x 2 
3 
2 2
 x
3
2
∴ z  x2
3

(b) When x  9 ,

2 2
z (9 )
3
 54

59
Question Bank

4. It is given that y  5 varies directly as x 2  x . If y  1 when x  1 , find

(a) an equation connecting x and y,
(b) the value of y when x  2 ,
(c) the values of x when y  19 .
已知 y  5 隨 x 2  x 而正變。若當 x  1 時， y  1 ，求
(a) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(b) 當 x  2 時 y 的值；
(c) 當 y  19 時 x 的值。
(a) ∴ ( y  5) varies directly as ( x 2  x) .
∴ ( y  5)  k ( x 2  x), k  0
By substituting x  1 and y  1 into the equation, we have

 1  5  k (12  1)
4  2k
k2
∴ y  5  2( x 2  x)

(b) When x  2 ,

y  5  2[(2) 2  (2)]
y5 4
y  1

(c) When y  19 ,

19  5  2( x 2  x)
0  2 x 2  2 x  24
0  x 2  x  12
0  ( x  4)( x  3)
x  4 o r x 3

5 If y  x 4 and y  4 when x  t , y  324 when x  2t  1 , find

(a) the values of t,
(b) an equation connecting x and y when t is positive.
若 y  x 4 及當 x  t 時， y  4 ；當 x  2t  1 時， y  324 ，求
(a) t 的值；
(b) 當 t 是一個正數時，一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
(a) ∵ y  x4
∴ y  kx 4 , k  0
By substituting y  4 and x  t into the equation, we have

4  4t 4 ......(1)
By substituting y  324 and x  2t  1 into the equation, we have

60
 10 Variations

324  k (2t  1) 4 ......(2)

(2) ÷ (1), 324  (2t  1)

4

4
4 t
4
 2t  1 
81   
 t 

2 2
 2t  1   2t  1 
  9 or    9 (rejected)
 t   t 
2t  1 2t  1
3 or  3
t t
2t  1  3t or 2t  1  3t
t  1 or 5t  1
1
t  1 or t
5

1
(b) By substituting t  into (1), we have
5

4
1
4  k 
5
k
4
625
k  625 4
k  2500
∴ y  2500x 4

6. It is given that y varies directly as (2 x  a ) and y  9 when x  1 , y  15 when x  2 ,

find
(a) the value of a,
(b) the relation between x and y,
(c) the value of x when y  24 .
已知 y 隨 (2 x  a ) 而正變及當 x  1 時， y  9 ；當 x  2 時， y  15 ，求
(a) a 的值；
(b) x 和 y 之間的關係；
(c) 當 y  24 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as (2 x  a) .
∴  y  k (2 x  a), k  0
By substituting x  1 and y  9 into the equation, we have

9  k[2(1)  a]
9  k (2  a) ......( 1)

By substituting x  2 and y  15 into the equation, we have

15  k[2(2)  a]
15  k (4  a) ......( 2)

61
Question Bank

15 4  a
(2) ÷ (1), 
9 2a

5 4a

3 2a
5(2  a )  3( 4  a )
10  5a  12  3a
2a  2
a 1

(b) By substituting a  1 into (1), we have

9  k (2  1)
k 3
∴ y  3(2 x  1)

(c) When y  24 ,
24  3(2 x  1)
8  2x 1
7
x
2

7. It is given that y varies directly as (3x  a) 2 , where a  0 . When x  0, y  4 . When

x  2, y  196 .
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Express y in terms of x.
(c) Find the value of x when y  48 x .
已知 y 隨 (3x  a ) 2 而正變，其中 a  0 。當 x  0 時， y  4 ；當 x  2 時， y  196 。
(a) 求 a 的值。
(b) 試以 x 表示 y。
(c) 求當 y  48x 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies directly as (3x  a) 2 and a  0 .
∴ y  k (3x  a) 2 , where k  0
By substituting x  0 and y  4 into the equation, we have

4  k (0  a ) 2
4  ka 2 ......( 1)

By substituting x  2 and y  196 into the equation, we have

196  k[3(2)  a] 2
196  k (6  a) 2 ......( 2)

(2) ÷ (1), 196  (6  a )

2

2
4 a
2
6a
49   
 a 

62
 10 Variations

6a 6a
7 or  7
a a
6  a  7a or 6  a  7 a
6a  6 or  8a  6
3
a 1 or a   (rejected)
4

(b) By substituting a  1 into (1), we have

4  k (1) 2
k 4
∴ y  4(3 x  1) 2

(c) When y  48x ,

48x  4(3 x  1) 2
12x  (3 x  1) 2
12x  9 x 2  6 x  1
0  9x2  6x 1
0  (3 x  1) 2
1
x
3

8. The weight (W kg) of a certain metal rod varies directly as the cube of its length (L m). When the
length of the rod is 5 m, the weight of the rod is 75 kg.
(a) Express W in terms of V.
(b) If the weight of the rod is increased by 60%, find the percentage increase in its length. Give your
answer correct to 3 significant figures.
某金屬棒的重量 (W kg) 隨它的長度 (L m) 的立方而正變。 當該金屬棒的長度是 5 m 時，它
的重量是 75 kg。
(a) 試以 V 表示 W。
(b) 若該金屬棒的重量增加 60%，求它的長度的百分增加。 取答案準確至三位有效數字。
(a) ∵ W  L3
∴ W  kL3 , k  0
By substituting L  5 and W  75 into the equation, we have

75  k (5) 3
k  0.6
∴ W  0.6 L3

(b) Let W0 and L0 be the original values of W and L respectively.

∴ New value of W  (1  60%) W0

 1.6W0

63
Question Bank

W
New value of L  3
0 .6
1.6W0
3
0 .6
 W 
 3 1 .6  3 0 
 0.6 
 
 3 1 .6 L0

3
1.6 L0  L0
  100%
L0
(3 1.6  1) L0
∴ Percentage increase in L   100%
L0
 17.0% (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

9. The energy (E kJ) needed to raise the temperature of a liquid by 20C varies directly as the mass of
the liquid (m kg). When the mass of the liquid is 0.25 kg, the energy need is 8750 kJ.
(a) Express E in terms of m.
(b) If the mass of the liquid increases from 0.25 kg to 0.3 kg, find the percentage change in the
energy to raise the temperature of the liquid by 20C.
把某一種溶液的溫度提高 20C 所需的能量隨它的質量 (m kg) 而正變。 當該溶液的質量是 0.25 kg
時，所需的能量為 8750 kJ。
(a) 試以 m 表示 E。
(b) 若該溶液的質量由 0.25 kg 增至 0.3 kg，求把它的溫度提高 20C 所需的能量的百分變
化。
(a) ∵ E varies directly as m.
∴ E  km, k  0

By substituting E  8750 and m  0.25 into the equation, we have

8750  k (0.25)
k  35000
∴ E  35 000m

(b) When m  0.3 ,

E  35000 0.3 kJ
 10500kJ

∴ The percentage change in energy

10500  8750
  100%
8750
 20%

64
 10 Variations

10. A factory produces a certain kind of cylindrical vessel. It is given that the volume (V mL) of the vessel
varies directly as the square of its base radius (r cm). When the base radius of the vessel is 3 cm, the
volume of the vessel is 288 mL.
(a) Express V in terms of r.
(b) The factory wants to increase the volume of the vessel by 28%, what is the corresponding
percentage increase in the base radius of the vessel? Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.
某工廠生產一種圓柱形的容器。已知該容器的容量 (V mL) 隨它的底半徑 (r cm) 的平方而正
變。當該容器的底半徑是 3 cm 時，它的容量是 288 mL。
(a) 試以 r 表示 V。
(b) 工廠要增加該容器的容量 28%，問它的底半徑相應的百分增加是多少? 取答案準確至三位
有效數字。
(a) ∵ V  r2

∴ V  kr 2 , k  0
By substituting r  3 and V  288 into the equation, we have

288  k (3 2 )
k  32
∴ V  32r 2

(b) Let r0 and V0 be the original values of r and V respectively.

∴ New value of V  (1  28%)V0

 1.28V0

By substituting V  1.28V0 into the equation, we have

1.28V0  32r 2
1.28V0
r2 
32
V
 1.28  0
32
r  1.28 r0

Percentage increase in r

1.28r0  r0
  100%
r0
( 1.28  1)r0
  100%
r0
 13.1% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

11. If 3 y varies inversely as ( x  a ) and y  8 when x  2 , y  1 when x  10 , find

(a) the value of a,

65
Question Bank

(b) the equation connecting x and y,

(c) the value of x when y  64 .
若 3
y 隨 ( x  a ) 而反變及當 x  2 時， y  8 ；當 x  10 時， y  1 ，求
(a) a 的值；
(b) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程；
(c) 當 y  64 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ 3 y varies inversely as ( x  a) .
∴ 3 y  k ( x  a), k  0
By substituting y  8 and x  2 into the equation, we have
3
8  k (2  a)
2  k (2  a) ......(1)

By substituting y  1 and x  10 into the equation, we have

1  k (10  a) ......(2)

2 2  a
(1) ÷ (2), 
1  10  a

2a
2
10  a
2(10  a )  2  a
20  2a  2  a
a   18

(b) By substituting a  18 into (2), we have

1  k[10  (18)]
1
k
8
1
∴
3 y  ( x  18)
8
1
y ( x  18) 3
512

(c) When y  64 ,

1
 64  ( x  18) 3
512
 32 768  ( x  18) 3
 32  x  18
x   50

12. If C varies inversely as ( p  2) 2 and C  12 when p  4 , find

(a) an equation connecting C and p,
(b) the values of p when C  75 .
若 C 隨 ( p  2) 2 而反變及當 p  4 時， C  12 ，求
(a) 一個聯繫 C 和 p 的方程；

66
 10 Variations

(b) 當 C  75 時 p 的值。
(a) ∵ C varies inversely as ( p  2) 2 .

k
∴ C ,k 0
( p  2) 2

By substituting C  12 and p  4 into the equation, we have

k
12 
( 4  2) 2
k  48
48
∴ C
( p  2) 2

(b) When C  9 ,

48
75 
( p  2) 2
48
 ( p  2) 2
75
16
 ( p  2) 2
25

4 4
p2 or p2  
5 5
14 6
p or p
5 5

13. If m varies inversely as n and m  1 when n  10 , find

(a) an equation connecting m and n.
(b) the values of m and n when m  n  3 .
若 m 隨 n 而反變及當 n  10 時， m  1 ，求
(a) 一個聯繫 m 和 n 的方程；
(b) 當 m  n  3 時 m 和 n 的值。
(a) ∵ m varies inversely as n.

k
∴ m ,k 0
n

By substituting m  1 and n  10 into the equation, we have

k
1
10
k  10
10
∴ m
n

(b) ∵ mn 3

∴ m  3 n

By substituting m  3  n into the equation, we have

67
Question Bank

10
3 n 
n
3n  n  10  0
2

n 2  3n  10  0
(n  5)(n  2)  0

n  2 or n  5
By substituting n  2 into m  3  n , we have

m  3 2  5
By substituting n  5 into m  3  n , we have
m  3  (5)  2

∴ The values of m and n are

m  5 m  2
 or  .
n  2 n  5

14. It is given that y varies inversely as x and y  24 when x  p , y  16 when x  q , find

(a) p : q,
(b) the value of y when x  q  p .
已知 y 隨 x 而反變及當 x  p 時， y  24 ；當 x  q 時， y  16 ，求
(a) p : q；
(b) 當 x  q  p 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ y varies inversely as x.

k
∴ y ,k  0
x

By substituting x  p and y  24 into the equation, we have

k
24  ......(1)
p

By substituting x  q and y  16 into the equation, we have

k
16  ......(2)
q

k
16 q
(2) ÷ (1), 
24 k
p

2 p

3 q

∴ p:q  2:3

k
(b) From (2), q 
16

k
From (1), p 
24

68
 10 Variations

k k
q p 
16 24
 1 1 
 k  
 16 24 
k

48

k
y
 k 
 
 48 
 48
∴ y  48 when x  q  p .

2
15. If y varies inversely as (ax  2) and y  1 when x  2 , y  2 when x  , find
3
(a) the value of a,
(b) the equation connecting x and y.
2
若 y 隨 (ax  2) 而反變及當 x  2 時， y  1 ；當 x  時， y  2 ，求
3
(a) a 的值；
(b) 一個聯繫 x 和 y 的方程。
. (a) ∵ y varies inversely as (ax  2) .

k
∴ y ,k 0
ax  2

By substituting x  2 and y  1 into the equation, we have

k
1 ......(1)
2a  2

2
By substituting x  and y  2 into the equation, we have
3

k
2
2a
2
3
k
2
2a  6
3
3k
2 ......(2)
2a  6

1
1 2a  2
(1) ÷ (2), 
2 3
2a  6

69
Question Bank

1 2a  6

2 3(2a  2)
1 a3

2 3(a  1)
3(a  1)  2(a  3)
3a  3  2a  6
a3

(b) By substituting a  3 into (1), we have

k
1
2(3)  2
k
1
8
k 8

8
∴ y
3x  2

1
16. It is given that D  and D  x  3 when w  5 , D  2 x  3 when w  1 . Find
w2
(a) the value of x,
(b) the equation connecting D and w.
1
. 已知 D  及當 w  5 時， D  x  3 ；當 w  1 時， D  2 x  3 。 求
w2
(a) x 的值；
(b) 一個聯繫 D 和 w 的方程。
1
(a) ∵ D
w2

k
∴ D ,k 0
w2

By substituting D  x  3 and w  5 into the equation, we have

k
x3
52
k

25
25( x  3)  k ......(1)

By substituting D  2 x  3 and w  1 into the equation, we have

k
2x  3 
12
2x  3  k ......(2)
By substituting (2) into (1), we have

70
 10 Variations

25( x  3)  2 x  3
25x  75  2 x  3
23x  78
78
x
23

78
(b) By substituting x  into (2), we have
23

 78 
2   3  k
 23 
225
k
23

225
∴ D
23w 2

17 The cost ($C) of producing an electric device varies inversely as its weight (w g). When the weight of
the device is 120 g, the cost of the device is $3600.
(a) Find an equation connecting C and w.
(b) If the weight of the device decreases from 120 g to 100 g, find the percentage change in the cost
of producing the device.
生產一件電器用品的成本 ($C) 隨它的重量 (w g) 而反變。當該電器用品的重量是 120 g 時，
它的生產成本是 $3600。
(a) 求一個聯繫 C 和 w 的方程。
(b) 若該電器用品的重量由 120 g 減至 100 g，求它的生產成本的百分變化。
1
. (a) ∵ C
w

k
∴ C ,k 0
w

By substituting C  3600 and w  120 , we have

k
3600 
120
k  432000
432000
∴ C
w

(b) When w  100 ,

432000
C
100
 4320
4320 3600
the device   100%
The percentage change in the cost of producing 3600
 20%
∴ The cost of producing the device increases by 20%.

71
Question Bank

18. The selling price ($C) of a car varies inversely as the square of its age (a years). It is known that the
selling price of a 5-year-old car is $30 000. Find
(a) the equation connecting a and C,
(b) the selling price of a 10-year-old car,
(c) the age of the car so that the selling price is $20 000.
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
一輛汽車的售價 ($C) 隨它的出產年數 (a 年) 的平方而反變。 已知一輛出產了五年的汽車的
售價是 $30 000。求
(a) 一個聯繫 a 和 C 的方程；
(b) 一輛出產了十年的汽車的售價；
(c) 一輛售價為 $20 000 的汽車的出產年數。
(如有需要，取答案準確至三位有效數字。)
1
(a) ∵ C
a2

k
∴ C ,k 0
a2

k
30 000 
52
k  30 000 25
k  750000

750000
∴ C
a2

(b) When a  10 ,

750000
C
102
 7500

∴ The selling price of a 10-year-old car is $7500.

(c) When C  20 000 ,

750000
20 000 
a2
a  37.5
2

a  6.12 (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

∴ The age of the car is 6.12 years.

19. For a cylinder of fixed volume, the square of its base radius (r cm) varies inversely as its height (h cm).
If the height of the cylinder is increased by 21%, find the percentage change in its base radius. (Give
your answer correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
對於一個固定體積的圓柱體，其底半徑 (r cm) 的平方隨它的高 (h cm) 而反變。若該圓柱體的

72
 10 Variations

高增加了 21%，求其底半徑的百分變化。 (如有需要，取答案準確至三位有效數字。)

∵ r2 varies inversely as h.

k
∴ r2  ,k 0
h

Let r0 and h0 be the original values of r and h respectively.

New value of h  (1  21%) h0

 1.21h0

k
New value of r 
h
k

1.21h0
1 k

1.1 h0
10
 r0
11

10
r0  r0
Percentage change in r  11  100%
r0
 10 
  1 r0

11 
 100%
r0
 9.09% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

∴ The base radius of the cylinder is decreased by 9.09%.

20. It is given that x varies jointly as y2 and z, and x  9 when y  2 and z  3 .

(a) Express x in terms of y and z.
(b) If y is halved and z is doubled, find the new value of x to its original value.
已知 x 隨 y2 和 z 而聯變，且當 y  2 及 z  3 時， x  9 。
(a) 試以 y 和 z 表示 x。
(b) 若 y 減半及 z 增至二倍，求 x 的新值與其原值的比。
(a) ∵ x varies jointly as y2 and z.

∴ x  ky 2 z, k  0
By substituting x  9 , y  2 and z  3 into the equation, we have

9  k (2 2 )(3)
3
k
4
3
∴ x  y2z
4
(b) Let x0 , y0 and z 0 be the original value of x, y and z.

y0
New value of y 
2

73
Question Bank

New value of z  2z0

2
3  y0 
New value of x    (2 z 0 )
4  2 
3 y z 
2
  0 0
4  2 
13 2 
  y0 z0 
24 
x0

2

∴ The required ratio

new valueof x

originalvalueof x
x0
 2
x0
 1: 2

21. It is given that R varies directly as x and y2, and inversely as z3. If R  6 when x  6 , y  9
and z  3 , find
(a) an equation connecting R, x, y and z,
(b) the values of y when R  18 , x  24 and z  2 .
已知 R 隨 x 和 y2 而正變，且隨 z3 而反變。若當 x  6 、 y  9 及 z  3 時， R  6 ，
求
(a) 一個聯繫 R、x、y 和 z 的方程；
(b) 當 R  18 ， x  24 及 z  2 時 y 的值。
(a) ∵ R varies directly as x and y2 and inversely as z3.

kxy 2
∴ R ,k 0
z3

By substituting R  6 , x  6 , y  9 and z  3 into the equation, we have

k (6)(9 2 )
6
33
1
k
3
xy 2
∴ R 3
3z

(b) By substituting R  18 , x  24 and z  2 into the equation, we have

24 y 2
18 
3(2) 3
y 2  18
y  18 or y   18

74
 10 Variations

22. It is given that p varies directly as the square root of r and the cube of s, and inversely as the square of
1 1
q. When q  2 , r  4 and s  , p  .
3 2
(a) Express p in terms of q, r and s.
q
(b) If p   r  3s , find the value of s.
2
已知 p 隨 r 的平方根和 s 的立方而正變，且隨 q 的平方而反變。當 q  2 ， r  4 及
1 1
s  ，p  。
3 2
(a) 試以 q、r 和 s 表示 p。
q
(b) 若 p   r  3s ，求 s 的值。
2
(a) ∵ p varies directly as the square root of r and the cube of s, and inversely as the square of q.

k r s3
∴ p ,k 0
q2

1 1
By substituting p  , q  2 , r  4 and s  into the equation, we have
2 3

3
1
k 4 
1
 3
2 22
k  27
27 r s 3
∴ p
q2

q
(b) ∵ p  r  3s
2

∴ p  3s, q  6s, r  3s

By substituting p  3s, q  6s and r  3s into the equation, we have

27 3s  s 3
3s 
(6 s ) 2
7
27 3 s 2
3s 
36s 2
1
4
 s2
3
16
s
3

23. It is given that Q varies jointly as v and u , and Q  20 when v  6 and u  25 . Find
(a) an equation connecting Q, u and v,
(b) the percentage change in v if the values of Q and u are both doubled.

75
Question Bank

已知 Q 隨 v 和 u 而聯變，且當 v  6 及 u  25 時， Q  20 。
(a) 求一個聯繫 Q、u 和 v 的方程。
(b) 若 Q 和 u 的值增至二倍，求 v 的百分變化。
(a) ∵ Q varies jointly as v and u .
∴ Q  kv u , k1  0
By substituting Q  20 , v  6 and u  25 into the equation, we have

20  k (6) 25
2
k
3
2
∴ Q v u
3
(b) Let v0 , Q0 and u 0 be the original values of v, Q and u respectively.

New value of Q  2Q0

New value of u  2u 0

3Q
∵ v
2 u

3Q0
∴ v0 
2 u0

3( 2Q0 )
New value of v 
2 2u 0
 3Q 
 2 0 
 2 u 
 0 
 2v0

Percentage change in v

2 v0  v0
  100%
v0
 41.4% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

∴ v increases by 41.4%.

24. The cost ($C) of making a cylindrical can varies jointly as its height (h cm) and the square of the base
radius (r cm). The cost of making cylindrical can A and that of can B is in the ratio 6 : 5, and the
heights of can A and can B is in the ratio 8 : 15. Find the base radius of can B if the base radius of
can A is 6 cm.
生產一個圓柱形罐子的成本 ($C) 隨其高 (h cm) 和其底半徑 (r cm) 的平方而聯變。 生產圓柱形
罐子 A 和罐子 B 的成本的比是 6 : 5，而罐子 A 和罐子 B 的高度的比是 8 : 15。若罐子 A 的
底半徑是 6 cm，求罐子 B 的的底半徑。
∵ C  hr 2

∴ C  khr 2 , k  0
C
k
hr 2

76
 10 Variations

Let $CA, hA cm and rA cm be the cost of making cylindrical can A, height of can A and base radius of can A respectively.

Let $CB, hB cm and rB cm be the cost of making cylindrical can B, height of can B and base radius of can B respectively.

CA CB
∵ 2
 2
hA rA hB rB
2
C A hA rA
∴  2
CB hB rB
6 8(6 2 )

5 15rB 2
rB  4 or rB  4 (rejected)
∴ The base radius of can B is 4 cm.

25. The pressure (P) of water flowing through a cylindrical pipe varies directly as the length (l) of the
pipe and inversely as the square of its radius (r). If P  90 when r  2 and l  3 , find
(a) the value of r when P  200 and l  5 ,
(b) the percentage change in P when l is increased by 10% and r is decreased by 10%,
(c) the percentage change in r when P is halved and l is tripled.
(Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
. 圓柱形水管的水壓 (P) 隨它的長度 (l) 而正變，且隨它的半徑 (r) 的平方而反變。 若當 r  2
及 l  3 時， P  90 ，求
(a) 當 P  200 及 l  5 時 r 的值；
(b) 當 l 增加 10% 及 r 減少 10% 時 P 的百分變化；
(c) 當 P 減半及 l 增至三倍時 r 的百分變化。
(如有需要，取答案準確至三位有效數字。)
l
(a) ∵ P
r2

kl
∴ P ,k 0
r2

By substituting P  90 , r  2 and l  3 into the equation, we have

k (3)
90 
22
k  120
120l
P 2
∴ r

By substituting P  200 and l  5 into the equation, we have

120(5)
200 
r2
r 3 or r   3 (rejected)

(b) Let P0 , l 0 and r0 be the original values of P, l and r respectively.

77
Question Bank

New value of l  (1  10%) l0

 1.1l0

New value of r  (1  10%) r0

 0.9r0

120(1.1l 0 )
New value of P 
(0.9r0 ) 2
110  120l 0 


81  r0 2 

110
 P0
81
∴ The percentage change in P

110
P0  P0
 81  100%
P0
 110 
  1 P0
   100%
81
P0
 35.8% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

(c) Let P0 , l 0 and r0 be the original values of P, l and r respectively.

P0
New value of P 
2

New value of l  3l0

120l
∵ P
r2

120l 120l
∴ r or r   (rejected)
P P

120(3l 0 )
∴ New value of r 
P0
2
 120l 0 
 6 
 P 
 0 
 6 r0
The percentage change in r

6 r0  r0
  100%
r0
 145% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

∴ r is increased by 145%.

78
 10 Variations

26. The selling price of a silver coin varies jointly as the thickness (t cm) and the square of the diameter
(d cm). The ratio of selling prices of silver coins A to silver coin B is 4 : 27, and the ratio of thickness
of coin A to coin B is 16 : 3. Find the diameter of the smaller one, if that of the larger one is 6 cm.
一個銀幣的售價隨其厚度 (t cm) 和其直徑 (d cm) 的平方而聯變。銀幣 A 和銀幣 B 的售價的
比是 4 : 27，而銀幣 A 和銀幣 B 的厚度的比是 16 : 3。 若較大的銀幣的直徑是 6 cm，求較
小的銀幣的直徑。
Let $P be the selling price of a silver coin.

∵ P  td 2
∴ P  ktd 2 , k  0
Let $PA, tA cm and dA cm be the selling price, the thickness and the diameter of the silver coin A respectively.

Let $PB, tB cm and dB cm be the selling price, the thickness and the diameter of the silver coin B respectively.
2
PA t A d A

PB t B d B 2
2
4 16d A

27 3d B 2
2
dA 1
2

dB 36
∵ The diameter of the larger coin is 6 cm.

2
dA 1
∴ 
62 36
dA  1
2

dA  1 or d A  1 (rejected)

∴ The diameter of the smaller coin is 1 cm.

27. It is given that y partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2. When x  2 , y  18 .
When x  3 , y  33 .
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) Find the value of y when x  1 .
(c) Find the value of x when y  3 .
已知 y 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 x2 正變。 當 x  2 時， y  18；當 x  3 時，
y  33 。
(a) 試以 x 表示 y。
(b) 求當 x  1 時 y 的值。
(c) 求當 y  3 時 x 的值。
(a) ∵ y partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2.
∴ y  k1 x  k2 x2 , where k1 , k2  0

By substituting x  2 and y  18 into the equation, we have

18  2k1  k 2 (2 2 )
9  k1  2k 2 ......(1)

79
Question Bank

By substituting x  3 and y  33 into the equation, we have

33  k1 (3)  k 2 (3 2 )
11  k1  3k 2 ......(2)

(2)  (1),

2  k2
∴ k2  2

By substituting k 2  2 into (1), we have

9  k1  2(2)
k1  5

∴ y  5x  2 x 2

(b) When x  1 ,

y  5(1)  2(1) 2
 3

(c) When y  3 ,

3  5x  2 x 2
2 x  5x  3  0
2

(2 x  1)( x  3)  0

1
x  3 or x 
2

28. It is given that z varies directly as x and inversely as y2. If x varies inversely as t and y varies directly
as t, show that z  x 3 .
已知 z 隨 x 而正變且隨 y2 而反變。 若 x 隨 t 反變，而 y 隨 t 正變，證明 z  x 3 。
∵ z varies directly as x and inversely as y2.

k1 x
∴ z , where k1 is a non-zero constant ......(1)
y2

∵ x varies inversely as t.

k2
∴ x , where k2 is a non-zero constant ......(2)
t

∵ y varies directly as t.
∴ y  k3t , where k3 is a non-zero constant ......(3)

By substituting (3) into (1), we have

k1 x
z
( k 3t ) 2
k1 x
 2 ......(4)
k3 t 2

k2
From (2), we have t  .
x

80
 10 Variations

k2
By substituting t  into (4), we have
x

k1 x
z 2
2 k 
k3  2 
 x 
k1 x 3
 2 2
k3 k 2
∵ k1, k2 and k3 are non-zero constants.

k1
∴ 2 2
is also a non-zero constant.
k3 k 2

k1
By letting k  2 2
, we have
k3 k 2

z  kx 3 , where k is a non-zero constant.

i.e. z  x 3

29. The cost ($C) of manufacturing an article is made up of a fixed amount ($A) and an operation cost.
The operation cost varies inversely as the number of articles (n) produced. If 50 articles are produced,
the cost of manufacturing an article is $30. If 100 articles are produced, the cost of manufacturing an
article is $25.
(a) Find the value of A.
(b) Express C in terms of n.
(c) The original cost of manufacturing an article is $30. If the manufacturer wants to lower the cost
of an article by 20%, how many articles should be produced?
一篇文章的製作成本 ($C) 包括一筆固定的金額 ($A) 及營運成本，而該營運成本隨文章的製
作量 (n) 反變。 若要製作 50 篇文章，則一篇文章的製作成本是 $30；若要製作 100 篇文章，
則一篇文章的製作成本是 $25。
(a) 求 A 的值。
(b) 試以 n 表示 C。
(c) 一篇文章原本的製作成本是 $30。若製造商要減少該文章的製作成本 20%，問要製作多少
篇文章?
. (a) ∵ The cost ($C) of manufacturing an article is made up of a fixed amount ($A) and an operation cost. The

operation cost varies inversely as the number of articles (n) produced.

k
∴ C  A , k 0
n

By substituting n  50 and C  30 into the equation, we have

k
30  A  ……(1)
50

By substituting n  100 and C  25 into the equation, we have

k
25  A  ……(2)
100

81
Question Bank

(1) – (2) × 2,

20   A
A  20

(b) Put A  20 into (1), we have

k
30  20 
50
k
 10
50
k  500
500
∴ C  20 
n

(c) The new cost of manufacturing an article

 $30(1  20%)
 $24

500
By substituting C  24 into C  20  , we have
n

500
24  20 
n
500
4
n
n  125

∴ 125 articles should be produced

30. It is given that y partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2. When x  1 , y  1 . When
x  2 , y  2 .
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) Find the value of y when x  5 .
(c) Express y in the form of a( x  b) 2  c , where a, b and c are constants.
Hence determine the maximum value of y.
已知 y 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 x2 正變。 當 x  1 時， y  1；當 x  2 時，
y  2 。
(a) 試以 x 表示 y。
(b) 求當 x  5 時 y 的值。
(c) 把 y 寫成 a( x  b) 2  c 的形式，其中 a、b 和 c 是常數。
由此，求 y 的最大值。
(a) ∵ y partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2.

∴ y  k1 x  k 2 x 2 , where k1, k 2  0
By substituting x  1 and y  1 into the equation, we have

82
 10 Variations

1  k1  k 2 (1) 2
1  k1  k 2 ......(1)

By substituting x  2 and y  2 into the equation, we have

 2  2k1  k 2 (2 2 )
 1  k1  2k 2 ......(2)

(2)  (1),

2  k 2
∴ k 2  2

By substituting k 2  2 into (1), we have

1  k1  (2)
k1  3
∴ y  3x  2 x 2

(b) When x  5 ,

y  3(5)  2(5) 2
  65

(c) y  2 x 2  3 x
 3 
 2 x 2  x
 2 
 3 9 9
 2 x 2  x  
 2 16 16 
 3 9 9
 2 x 2  x 
 2 16  8
2
 3 9
 2 x   
 4 8

9
Hence, the maximum value of y is .
8

31. It is given that y is partly constant, partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2. When
x  0 , y  7 . When x  1 , y  6 . When x  2 , y  9 .
(a) Express y in terms of x.
(b) Express y in the form of a( x  b) 2  c , where a, b and c are constants.
Hence determine the maximum value of y.
已知 y 的一部分固定不變，一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則隨 x2 正變。 當 x  0 時，
y  7 ；當 x  1 時， y  6 ；當 x  2 時， y  9 。
(a) 試以 x 表示 y。
(b) 把 y 寫成 a( x  b) 2  c 的形式，其中 a、b 和 c 是常數。
由此，求 y 的最大值。
(a) ∵ y is partly constant, partly varies directly as x and partly varies directly as x2.

83
Question Bank

∴ y  k1  k 2 x  k3 x 2 , where k1, k2 and k 3  0

By substituting x  0 and y  7 into the equation, we have

 7  k1  k 2 (0)  k 3 (0) 2
k1  7 ......(1)

By substituting x  1 and y  6 into the equation, we have

 6  k1  k 2  k 3 (1) 2
 6  k1  k 2  k 3 ......(2)

By substituting x  2 and y  9 into the equation, we have

 9  k1  k 2 (2)  k 3 (2) 2
 9  k1  2k 2  4k 3 ......(3)

By substituting (1) into (2), we have

6  7  k 2  k 3
k 2  k3  1 ......(4)

By substituting (1) into (3), we have

9  7  2k 2  4k 3
 2  2k 2  4k 3
k 2  2k 3  1 ......(5)

(4) – (5), k3  2

By substituting k 3  2 into (4), we have

k2  2  1
k2  3
∴ y  2 x 2  3x  7

(b) y  2 x 2  3x  7
 3 
 2 x 2  x   7
 2 
 2 3 9 9
 2 x  x     7
 2 16  8
2
 3 47
 2 x   
 4 8

47
∴ The maximum value of y is .
8

32. The unit cost ($C) of making a plastic bag is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the total
number (n) of plastic bags made. When 200 bags are made, the cost of one bag is $1; when 400 bags
are made, the cost of one bag is $0.7.
(a) Express C in terms of n.
(b) How many plastic bags must be made if the cost of making one plastic bag is $0.6?
(c) Find the cost of one bag if 1200 bags are made.

84
 10 Variations

一個塑膠袋的製造成本 ($C) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨其總製造量 (n) 反變。 當製造

200 個塑膠袋時，一個塑膠袋的成本是 $1；當製造 400 個塑膠袋時，一個塑膠袋的成本是 $0.7。
(a) 試以 n 表示 C。
(b) 若要把一個塑膠袋的製造成本降低至 $0.6，問要製造塑膠袋多少個?
(c) 若要製造 1200 個塑膠袋，求一個塑膠袋的製造成本。
(a) ∵ The unit cost ($C) of making a plastic bag is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the total number of bags (n)

made.

k2
∴ C  k1  , where k1 , k 2  0
n

By substituting C  1 and n  200 into the equation, we have

k2
1  k1  ……(1)
200

By substituting C  0.7 and n  400 into the equation, we have

k2
0.7  k1  ……(2)
400

(1) – (2),

k2 k
0.3   2
200 400
k
0.3  2
400
k 2  120

By substituting k 2  120 into (1), we have

120
1  k1 
200
3
1  k1 
5
2
k1 
5
2 120
∴ C 
5 n

(b) When C  0.6 ,

2 120
0 .6  
5 n
120
0 .2 
n
120
n
0 .2
n  600
∴ 600 bags must be made.

85
Question Bank

(c) When n  1200,

2 120
C 
5 1200
 0.5
∴ The cost of making a plastic bag is $0.5.

33. The running cost ($C) of a language course in a school is partly constant and partly varies directly as
the square of the number of students (n) enrolled. When there are 10 students enrolled in the course,
the running cost is $6100.
(a) Express C in terms of n.
(b) Find the running cost of the course if there are 50 students enrolled.
(c) The tuition fee for each student of the course is $350. If there are 50 students enrolled the course,
what is the profit percentage for running the course? (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures)
一間學校的語言課程的經營成本 ($C) 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨參加該課程的學生
數目 (n) 的平方正變。當有 10 個學生參加該課程時，課程的經營成本是 $6100。
(a) 試以 n 表示 C。
(b) 若有 50 個學生參加該課程，求課程的經營成本。
(c) 該課程的每一個學生的學費是 $350。若有 50 個學生參加該課程，求經營該課程的盈利百
分率? (取答案準確至三位有效數字。)
(a) ∵ The running cost ($C) of a language course in a school is partly constant and partly varies directly as the square

of the number of student (n) enrolled.

∴ C  k1  k 2 n 2 , where k1 , k 2  0
By substituting C  4900 and n  10 into the equation, we have

4900  k1  k 2 (10) 2
4900  k1  100k 2 ......(1)

By substituting C  1600 and n  20 into the equation, we have

6100  k1  k 2 (20) 2
6100  k1  400k 2 ......(2)

(2)  (1), 1200  300k 2

k2  4

By substituting k 2  4 into (1), we have

4900  k1  100(4)
k1  4500
∴ C  4500 4n 2

(b) When n = 50,

C  4500 4(502 )
 14 500

86
 10 Variations

(c) Profit  $350 50  14 500

 $3000

The percentage of profit

3000
  100%
14 500
 20.7% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)

34. The unit cost of making a school badge is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the total
number of badges made. When 400 badges are made, the cost of one badge is $0.8; when 600 badges
are made, the cost of one badge is $0.7.
(a) How many badges must be made if the cost of one badge is $0.6?
(b) Find the cost of a badge if 1000 badges are made.
一個校徽的製造成本的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨其總製造量反變。當製造 400 個校徽
時，一個校徽的製造成本是 $0.8；當製造 600 個校徽時，一個校徽的製造成本是 $0.7。
(a) 若要把一個校徽的製造成本降低至 $0.6，問要製造校徽多少個?
(b) 若要製造 1000 個校徽，求一個校徽的製造成本。
(a) Let $C and n be the unit cost of making school badges and the total number of badges made respectively.
∵ The unit cost of making school badge is partly constant and partly varies inversely as the total number of school

badges made.

k2
∴ C  k1  , where k1 , k 2  0
n

By substituting n  400 and C  0.8 into the equation, we have

k2
0.8  k1  ......(1)
400

By substituting n  600 and C  0.7 into the equation, we have

k2
0.7  k1  ......(2)
600

(1)  (2),

k2 k
0.1   2
400 600
k
 2
1200
k 2  120

By substituting k 2  120 into (1), we have

120
0.8  k1 
400
k 1  0 .5
120
∴ C  0 .5 
n

87
Question Bank

When C  0.6 ,

120
0.6  0.5 
n
n  1200

∴ 1200 school badges must be made if the cost of one badge is $0.6.

(b) When n  1000 ,

By substituting n  1000 into the equation, we have

120
C  0.5 
1000
 0.62

∴ The cost of making a badge is $0.62 if 1000 badges are made.

35. A salesman’s monthly income is partly constant and partly varies directly as his sales in this month.
When the amount of his sales is $100 000, his income in that month is $9000. When the amount of his
sales is $120 000, his income in that month is $10 000.
(a) If the salesman’s income is $p and the amount of his sales in that month is $q, find an equation
connecting p and q.
(b) If the amount of his sales in a months is $300 000, find his income for that month.
(c) If the salesman wants to have an income of $28 000, what should be the amount of his sales?
. 一個推銷員每月的收入的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨他該月的銷售額正變。 當他的銷售
額是 $100 000 時，他該月的收入是 $9000；當他的銷售額是 $120 000 時，他該月的收入是
$10 000。
(a) 若該推銷員的收入是 $p 及他該月的銷售額是 $q，求一個聯繫 p 和 q 的方程。
(b) 若該推銷員的銷售額是 $300 000，求他該月的收入。
(c) 若該推銷員該月的收入為 $28 000，問他的銷售額是多少?
(a) ∵ A salesman’s monthly income is partly constant and partly varies directly as his sales in this month.
∴ p  k1  k 2 q, where k1 , k 2  0

By substituting p  9000 and q  100 000 into the equation, we have

9000  k1  100 000k 2 ......(1)

By substituting p  10 000 and q  120 000 into the equation, we have

10 000  k1  120 000k 2 ......(2)

(2)  (1),
1000  20 000k 2
1
k2 
20

1
By substituting k 2  into (1), we have
20

88
 10 Variations

100000
9000  k1 
20
k1  4000
q
∴ p  4000 ......(3)
20

(b) When q  300000 ,

300 000
p  4000
20
 19 000

∴ The income of the salesman is $19 000.

(c) When p  28000 ,

q
28 000  4000 
20
q
24 000 
20
q  480 000

∴ The sales in that month should be

$480 000 if the salesman wants to have an income of $28 000.

89
Question Bank

Level 2 Questions
程度 2+ 題目

1. It is given that C partly varies directly as t3 and partly varies directly as t2. When t = 1, C = 11.
When t = 2, C = 52. Find
(a) the equation connecting C and t,
(b) the values of t when C = 27.
已知 C 的一部分隨 t3 正變，而另一部分則隨 t2 正變。當 t = 1 時，C = 11。當 t = 2 時，
C = 52。求
(a) 一個聯繫 C 和 t 的方程；
(b) 當 C = 27 時 t 的值。
(a) ∵ C partly varies directly as t3 and partly varies directly as t2.

∴ C = k1t + k2t2, where k1, k2 ≠ 0

By substituting t = 1 and C = 11 into the equation, we have

11  k1 (1) 3  k 2 (1) 2
k1  k 2  11 ……(1)

By substituting t = 2 and C = 52 into the equation, we have

52  k1 (2) 3  k 2 (2) 2
8k1  4k 2  52
2k1  k 2  13 ……(2)

(2) – (1),

k1 = 2

By substituting k1 = 2 into (1), we have

2  k 2  11
k2  9

∴ C  2t 3  9t 2
(b) When C = 27,

2t 3  9t 2  27
2t 3  9t 2  27  0

Let f(t) = 2t3 + 9t2  27.

f (3)  2(3) 3  9(3) 2  27

 54  81  270
0

∴ t + 3 is a factor of f(t).

By long division,

2t 3  9t 2  27  (t  3)(2t 2  3t  9)
 (t  3)(2t  3)(t  3)
 (t  3) 2 (2t  3)

90
 10 Variations

∴ (t  3) 2 (2t  3)  0

3
∴ t  3 or t 
2

2. The cost ($C) of a certain cubical block varies directly as the square of its length ( cm). The selling
price ($S) of the block varies directly as its length. When the length is 50 cm, there is no profit ($P)
made when the block is sold. What should be the length of the block so as to obtain the maximum
profit?
某一立方體的成本 ($C) 隨它的長度 ( cm) 的平方正變，而它的售價 (S) 則隨它的長度反變。
當長度是 50 cm 時，售出該立方體並無盈利 ($P)。若要獲得最高的盈利，問該立方體的長度
應是多少?
∵ C varies directly as 2.

∴ C = k12, k1 > 0

∵ S varies directly as .

∴ S = k2, k2 > 0
∵ Profit = Selling price  Cost
∴ P  S C
 k 2   k1  2

When  = 50, P = 0.

∴ 0  k2 (50)  k1 (50) 2
(50) 2 k1  k2 (50)
k2  50k1

∴ P  k1 (50   2 )
 k1 ( 2  50)
 k1 ( 2  50  252 )  252 k1
 k1 (  25) 2  625k1

∵ k1 > 0

∴ P attains its maximum when  = 25.

∴ When the length of the cubical block is 25 cm, the profit obtained will be maximized.

 1 1 
3. (a) If (y2 – x2) varies inversely as  2  2  , show that (y2 – x2)  x2y2.
x y 
 1 1 
(b) If (y2 + x2) varies inversely as  2  2  , show that (y4 – x4)  x2y2.
x y 

(a) 若 (y2 – x2) 隨  2  2  而反變，證明 (y2 – x2)  x2y2。

1 1
x y 

(b) 若 (y2 + x2) 隨  2  2  而反變，證明 (y4 – x4)  x2y2。

1 1
x y 

91
Question Bank

 1 1 
(a) ∵ y2 – x2 varies inversely as  2  2  .
 x y 
k
∴ y2  x2  , k0
1 1

x2 y2
k
 2
y  x2
x2 y2
kx 2 y 2

y2  x2
∴ (y2 – x2)2 = kx2 y2 , k ≠ 0

∴ y2 – x2  x2y2
 1 1 
(b) ∵ y2 + x2 varies inversely as   .
 x2 y2 
 
∴
k
y2  x2  , k0
1 1

x2 y2
k
 2
y  x2
x2 y2
kx 2 y 2

y2  x2
( y 2  x 2 )( y 2  x 2 )  kx 2 y 2
∴ y 4  x 4  kx 2 y 2 , k ≠ 0
∴ y4 – x4  x2y2

4. In a company, the total expenditure ($T) for a training course is shared in the ratio 1 : 3 by the staff
enrolled in the course and the company respectively. It is known that the total expenditure of the
training course is partly constant and partly varies directly as the number of the staff (n) enrolled in
the course. If 60 staff are enrolled in the course, the company has to pay $40 500. If 40 staff are
enrolled in the course, the company has to pay $28 500.
(a) Find an equation connecting T and n.
(b) If 50 staff are enrolled in the course, how much should each staff pay for the training course?
(c) If the company has to pay $49 500 for the course, find the number of staff enrolled in the course.
在某公司中，一個培訓課程的總支出 ($T) 是由參加課程的員工與該公司以 1 : 3 的比來分擔。
已知該培訓課程的總支出的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則隨參加課程的員工數目 (n) 正變。
若有 60 名員工參加課程，則該公司要支付 $40 500；若有 40 名員工參加課程，則該公司要支
付 $28 500。
(a)求一個聯繫 T 和 n 的方程。
(b)若有 50 名員工參加課程，問每一個員工要支付多少?
(c)若該公司為培訓課程支付 $49 500，求參加課程的員工數目。
(a) ∵ T is partly constant and partly varies directly as n.

92
 10 Variations

∴ T  k1  k 2 n , where k1, k2 ≠ 0

When the company has to pay $40 500,

4
T  40 500
3
 54 000
By substituting T = 54 000 and n = 60 into the equation, we have
54 000  k1  60k2 ……(1)

When the company has to pay $28 500,

4
T  28 500
3
 38 000
By substituting T = 38 000 and n = 40 into the equation, we have
38000 k1  40k 2 ……(2)

(1) – (2),

16 000  20k2
k 2  800

By substituting k2 = 800 into (2), we have

38 000  k1  40(800)
 k1  32 000
k1  6000

∴ T = 6000 + 800n

(b) By substituting n = 50 into the equation, we have

T  6000 800(50)
 46 000

The expenditure shared by all staff

1
 $46 000
4
 $11500

∴ The expenditure shared by each staff

$11500

50
 $230

∴ Each staff has to pay $230 for the course.

(c) The total expenditure of the course

4
 $49 500
3
 $66 000

By substituting T = 66 into the equation, we have

93
Question Bank

66 000  6000 800n

800n  60 000
n  75

∴ The number of staff enrolled in the course is 75.

5. It is given that the sum (S) of the first n positive integers (i.e. S = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n) partly varies
directly as n and partly varies directly as n2.
(a) Find an equation connecting S and n.
(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the value of 101 + 102 + … 160.
已知首 n 個正整數的總和 (S) (即 S = 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n) 的一部分隨 n 正變，而另一部分則隨
n2 正變。
(a) 求一個聯繫 S 和 n 的方程。
(b) 由此，或以其他方法，求 101 + 102 + … 160 的值。
(a) ∵ S partly varies directly as n and partly varies directly as n2.

∴ S  k1n  k 2 n 2 , where k1, k2 ≠ 0

When n = 1, S = 1.
∴ 1  k1 (1)  k 2 (1) 2
k1  k 2  1 ……(1)

When n = 2, S = 1 + 2 = 3.
∴ 3  k1 (2)  k 2 (2) 2
2k1  4k 2  3 ……(2)

(1)  2 – (2),

2k 2  1
1
k2 
2

1
By substituting k 2  into (1), we have
2

1
k1  1
2
1
k1 
2

n n2
∴ S 
2 2

n n2
(b) By substituting n = 100 into S   , we have
2 2

100 1002
S 
2 2
 5050

94
 10 Variations

n n2
By substituting n = 160 into S   , we have
2 2

160 1602
S 
2 2
 12 880

101 102  ...  160

 (1  2  ...  160)  (1  2  ...  100)
 12 880  5050
 7830

6. It is given that x, y and z are all positive real numbers. z varies directly as (x – y) and inversely as xy.
1
When x = 2 and y = 1, z = .
12
(a) Express z in terms of x and y.
10 1
(b) If y  and z  , find the range of values of x.
x 20
已知 x、y 和 z 是正有理數。 z 隨 (x – y) 而正變且隨 xy 而反變。當 x = 2 及 y = 1 時，
1
z= 。
12
(a) 試以 x 和 y 表示 z。
10 1
(b) 若 y  及 z  ，求 x 的值的範圍。
x 20
(a) ∵ z varies directly as (x – y) and inversely as xy.

k ( x  y)
∴ z ,k≠0
xy

1
By substituting x = 2, y = 1 and z = into the equation, we have
12

1 k ( 2  1)

12 2(1)
k 1

2 12
1
k
6

x y
∴ z
6 xy

10 x y
(b) By substituting y  into z  , we have
x 6 xy

95
Question Bank

10
x
z x
10
6x 
x
x 2  10
 x
60
x 2  10

60x

1
∵ z
20

x 2  10 1
∴ 
60x 20
x 2  10  3x
x 2  3x  10  0
From the graph of y = x2 – 3x – 10,

when x 2  3x  10  0,
x < 2 or x>5

1
∴ When z  , x < 2 or x > 5.
20

96
 10 Variations

Multiple Choice Questions

多項選擇題

1. x and y are two changing quantities and the 10  k 4

k 5
table below shows some of their corresponding
∴ y5 x
values. When y = 5,
下表所示為兩個變量 x 和 y 的一些對應 55 x
值。 x 1

x 2 3 5 6
y 16 36 100 144 3. If y varies directly as x, which of the following
Which of the following best describes the
must be true?
relation between x and y?
若 y 隨 x 而正變，下列哪(些)項是正確的?
A. y varies directly as x. I. ( y  2)  ( x  2)
B. y varies inversely as x.
2
C. y varies directly as x2. II. y x
3
D. y varies inversely as x2.
III. y3  x3
下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關係?
A. I only
A. y 隨 x 而正變。
B. II only
B. y 隨 x 而反變。
C. I and III only
C. y 隨 x2 而正變。
D. II and III only
D. y 隨 x2 而反變。 D
cC ∵ y varies directly as x.
y 16 36 100 144 ∴ y = kx, k  0
 2  2  2  2 4
x 2
2 3 5 6 y  2 kx  2
∵   constant
∴ y = 4x2 x2 x2
∴ y varies directly as x2. ∴ I is not correct.
y 3y 3
  k
2 2x 2
2. If y  x and y = 10 when x = 4, find x 3
x

when y = 5. 3
By letting k1  k ,
2
若 y  x 及當 x = 4 時，y = 10，求當
2 
y  k1  x 
y = 5 時 x 的值。 3 
A. –1 2
∴ y x
3
B. 1 ∴ II is correct.
–2
3
C. y3  y 
∵     k3
x3  x 
D. 2
B By letting k 2  k 3 ,

∵ y x y 3  kx 3

∴ yk x ,k0 ∴ y 3  x3
By substituting x = 4 and y = 10 into the equation, we ∴ III is correct
have

97
Question Bank

4. If (y – 1) varies directly as (x + 1) and y = 3 ∴ y = 2x + 1

∴ y varies directly as (2x + 1).
when x = 4, find y when x = 14.
若 (y – 1) 隨 (x + 1) 而正變及當 x = 4
6. If y varies directly as (2x + 1) and y = 21
時，y = 3，求當 x = 14 時 y 的值。
when x = 3, find x when y = 39.
A. 9 若 y 隨 (2x + 1) 而正變及當 x = 3 時，
B. 7 y = 21，求當 y = 39 時 x 的值。
C. 6 A. 6
D. 5 B. 10
B
∵ (y – 1) varies directly as (x + 1). C. 19.5
∴ (y – 1) = k(x + 1), k  0 D. 21
By substituting x = 4 and y = 3 into the equation, we
have A
(3  1)  k (4  1) ∵ y varies directly as (2x + 1).
∴ y = k(2x + 1), k  0
2
k By substituting x = 3 and y = 21 into the equation, we
5 have
2 21  k[2(3)  1]
∴ y  1  ( x  1)
5 21  7 k
When x = 14,
2 k 3
y  1  (14  1) y  3(2 x  1)
5 ∴
y7 When y = 39,
39  3(2 x  1)
13  2 x  1
5. x and y are two changing quantities and the 2 x  12
x6
table below shows some of their corresponding
values.
下表所示為兩個變量 x 和 y 的一些對應 7. If x : y = 1 : 2 and y : z = 3 : 2, which of the
值。 following must be true?
x 1 4 5 8 若 x : y = 1 : 2 及 y : z = 3 : 2，下列哪(些)
y 3 9 11 17 項是正確的?
Which of the following best describes the I. x varies inversely as y.
relation between x and y? II. y varies directly as z.
A. y varies directly as x. III. z varies directly as x.
B. y varies directly as (2x + 1). I. x 隨 y 而反變。
C. y varies directly as (x + 1). II. y 隨 z 而正變。
D. y varies directly as x2. III. z 隨 x 而正變。
下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關係? A. I only
A. y 隨 x 而正變。 B. III only
B. y 隨 (2x + 1) 而正變。 C. I and II only
C. y 隨 (x + 1) 而正變。 D
x 1 y 3
D. y 隨 x2 而正變。  and 
y 2 z 2
B 1
∴ x y  (1)
y 3 9 11 17 2
    1
2 x  1 2(1)  1 2(4)  1 2(5)  1 2(8)  1

98
 10 Variations

3
and y z  (2) 9 9
2 B. or 
∴ I is not correct.
4 4
II is correct.
By substituting (2) into (1), 9 1
C. or
13  4 4
x   z
22 
9 1
3 D. or 
 z 4 4
4
∴ x varies directly as z. C
∴ III is correct. ∵ x varies as (4y – 5)2.
k
∴ x ,k0
(4 y  5) 2
8. It is given that y varies directly as x2. If x is By substituting x = 32 and y = 2 into the equation, we
have
decreased by 10%, then y is
k
32 
已知 y 隨 x2 而正變。若 x 減少 10%，則 [4(2)  5] 2
y k
32 
9
A. decreased by 10%. k  288
B. decreased by 100%. 288
∴ x
(4 y  5) 2
C. decreased by 19%. When x = 18,
D. decreased by 81%. 18 
288
(4 y  5) 2
A. 減少 10%。
(4 y  5) 2  16
B. 減少 100%。 4 y  5  4 or 4 y  5  4
C. 減少 19%。 4y  9 or 4y  1
9 1
D. 減少 81%。 y or y
4 4
C
∵ y varies directly as x2.
∴ y = kx2, k  0 10. It is given that (y + 1)2 varies directly as x. If
Let x 0 and y 0 be the original values of x and y
y is increased from 10 to 11, then x is
respectively.
The new value of x  (1  10%) x0 已知 (y + 1)2 隨 x 而正變。 若 y 由 10
 0.9 x0
增至 11，則 x
The new value of y  k (0.9 x0 )
2

A. increased by 11%.
 0.81kx0
2

 0.81y 0 B. increased by 21%.

0.81y 0  y 0 C. increased by 79%.
The percentage change in y   100%
y0 D. increased by 89%.
 19%
∴ y is decreased by 19%. A. 增加 11%。
B. 增加 21%。
9. If x varies inversely as (4y – 5) and x = 32 2
C. 增加 79%。
when y = 2, find y when x = 18. D. 增加 89%。
若 x 隨 (4y – 5) 而反變及當 y = 2 時，
2 B
∵ (y + 1)2 varies directly as x.
x = 32，求當 x = 18 時 y 的值。 ∴ (y + 1)2 = kx, k  0
When y = 9,
9
A.
4

99
Question Bank

102 relation between x and y?

x
k
100 下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關係?

k 1
When y = 10, A. x
y
112
x
k 1
121 B. x
 3 y
k
121 100

1
k k  100%
C. x
The percentage change in x  y2
100
k 1
 21% D. x
y3
D
11. If y varies inversely as x and y = 4 when xy 3  1728(1)  (216)(2)3  (64)(33 )
x = 9, find y when x = 36.  27(4)3  1728
若 y 隨 x 而反變 及當 x = 9 時，  1728
∴ x
y3
y = 4，求當 x = 36 時 y 的值。
1
∴ x
A. 2 y3
B. 4
C. 9 13. If z varies directly as (x2 – x) and z = 1 when
D. 36 x = 2, find z when x = 5.
A 若 z 隨 (x2 – x) 而正變及當 x = 2 時，
∵ y varies inversely as x .
z = 1，求當 x = 5 時 z 的值。
k
∴ y ,k0
x A. 10
By substituting y = 4 and x = 9 into the equation, we
have
B. 20
k C. 25
4
9
D. 30
k  12
12 A
∴ y
x ∵ z varies directly as (x2 – x).
When x = 36, ∴ z = k(x2 – x), k  0
12 By substituting x = 2 and z = 1 into the equation, we
y have
36
1  k ( 2 2  2)
2
1
k
2
1 2
12. x and y are two changing quantities and the ∴ z  ( x  x)
2
table below shows some of their corresponding When x = 5,
1
values. z  (5 2  5)
2
下表所示為兩個變量 x 和 y 的一些對應  10

值。
x –1728 216 –64 27
y 1 –2 3 –4
Which of the following best describes the

100
 10 Variations

14. x and y are two changing quantities and the ∵ y  ( x  1)

∴ y  k 2 ( x  1) , k2  0  (2)
table below shows some of their corresponding By substituting (2) into (1), we have
values. k1
z
k 2 ( x  1)
下表所示為兩個變量 x 和 y 的一些對應值。
k1
x 1 2 4 25 By letting k  , we have
k2
1 1 1 k
y 1 z ,k0
2 2 5 x 1
1
Which of the following best describes the i.e. z
x 1
relation between x and y?
下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關係?
16 If z varies directly as x2 and varies inversely
A. y x
2
as y and z = 2 when x = 1 and y = 2, find the
1
B. y2  value of y when x = 2 and z = 32.
x
若 z 隨 x2 而正變且隨 y 而反變。當
C. x y
2
x = 1 及 y = 2 時，z = 2。求當 x = 2 及
1
D. x2  z = 32 時 y 的值。
y
A. 4
B
2
 1  2 2 B. 2
  2     4     25  1
1 1
y 2 x  12 (1)   
 2 2 5 1
C.
∴ y x 1
2 2
1
y2  1
x D.
1
4
∴ y 
2

x C
∵ z varies directly as x2 and varies inversely as y.
kx 2
∴ z ,k0
1 y
15. If z  and y  x  1 , then which of the
y By substituting x = 2, x = 1 and y = 2 into the equation,
we have
following must be true? k (12 )
2
2
1
若 z  及 y  x  1 ，則下列哪項是 k4
y
4x 2
∴ z
正確的? y
When x = 2 and z = 32,
A. zx
4( 2 2 )
32 
B. z  x 1 y
1
1 y
C. z 1 2
x
1
D. z 17. It is given that x varies inversely as y3. If y is
x 1
D increased by 10%, find the percentage change
1 in x correct to 3 significant figures.
∵ z
y
已知 x 隨 y3 而反變。若 y 增加 10%，
k
∴ z  1 , k1  0  (1)
y 求 x 的百分變化，準確至三位有效數字。

101
Question Bank

A. –24.9% 19. It is given that p varies inversely as (3q – 1). If

B. –9.09% q is increased from 2 to 3, find the percentage
C. +24.9% change in p.
D. +9.09% 已知 p 隨 (3q – 1) 而反變。若 q 由 2 增
A 至 3，求 p 的百分變化。
∵ x varies inversely as y3.
k 1
∴ x 3 ,k0 A.  33 %
y 3
Let x 0 and y 0 be the original values of x and y
1
respectively. B.  33 %
The new value of y  (1  10%) y 0 3
 1.1y 0
1
k C.  37 %
The new value of x  2
(1.1 y 0 ) 3
1  k  1
 D.  37 %
1.331  y 0 3  2
1000
 x0 D
1331
∵ p varies inversely as (3q – 1).
The percentage change in x
k
1000 ∴ p ,k0
x0  x0 3q  1
 1331  100% When q = 2,
x0
k
  24.9% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.) p
5
When q = 3,
18. If z varies jointly as x and y2 and z = 16 p
k
8
when x = 4 and y = 4, find the value of z
k k

when x = 81 and y = 6. Percentage change in p  8 5  100%
k
若 z 隨 x 和 y2 而聯變。當 x = 4 及
5
y = 4 時，z = 16，求當 x = 81 及 y = 6 時 1
  37 %
2
z 的值。
A. 84
B. 162 20. It is given that z varies jointly as x and y. If

C. 288 the value of y is kept constant, then which of

D. 486 the following must be true?

B 已知 z 隨 x 和 y 而聯變。 若 y 的值固
2
∵ z varies jointly as x and y . 定不變，則下列哪項是正確的?
∴ z  k xy , k  0
2
A. x y
By substituting x = 4, y = 4 and z = 16 into the equation,
we have 1
B. x
16  k 4 ( 4 ) 2
y
1
k C. z y
2
∴ z
1
x y2 D. zx
2
When x = 81 and y = 6, D
1 ∵ z varies jointly as x and y.
z 81(6 2 )
2 ∴ z = kxy, k  0
 162 ∵ The value of y is kept constant.

102
 10 Variations

∴ y = y1 for some constant value of y1 C. 8:1

∴ z = kxy1
By letting k = ky1, we have D. 4:1
z = kx B
i.e. z  x ∵ p varies directly as q and inversely as r3.
kq
∴ p 3 ,k0
r
21. If a varies directly as b and inversely as Let p 0 , q 0 and r0 be the original values of p, q and
2
c , then which of the following must be true? r respectively.
New value of q = 2q 0
若 a 隨 b 而正變且隨 c2 而反變，則下
New value of r = 2r0
列哪項是正確的? k ( 2 q0 )
New value of p 
a b ( 2r0 )3
A. = constant
c2 1  kq0 

4  r03 
bc 2
B. = constant 
1
p0
a 4
p 1
b ∴ 
C. = constant p0 4
ac 2 P : P0  1 : 4
2
D. a bc = constant ∴ The ratio of the new value of p to the original one
is 1 : 4.
a b
A. = 常數
c2
23. It is given that x varies directly as y2 and
2
bc
B. = 常數 inversely as z . If y is increased by 10% and
a
z is decreased by 19%, find the percentage
b
C. = 常數 increases in x correct to 3 significant figures.
ac2
已知 x 隨 y2 而正變且隨 z 而反變。 若
D. a bc 2 = 常數
C
y 增加 10% 及 z 減少 19%，求 x 的百分
∵ a varies directly as b and inversely as c2. 變化，準確至三位有效數字。

∴ a
k b
,k0
A. 22.2%
c2
B. 34.4%
ac 2
k
b C. 35.8%
b 1 D. 49.4%
  constant
ac 2 k B
∵ x varies directly as y2 and inversely as z.
k1 y 2
22 It is given that p varies directly as q and ∴ x , k1  0
3 z
inversely as r . If the value of q and r are Let x 0 , y 0 and z 0 be the original values of x, y and
doubled, find the ratio of the new value of p z respectively.
New value of y  (1  10%) y 0
to the original one.
 1.1y 0
已知 p 隨 q 而正變且隨 r3 而反變。若 q New value of z  (1  19%) z 0
和 r 的值增至二倍，求 p 的新值與其原值  0.81z 0

的比。
A. 1:8
B. 1:4

103
Question Bank

k1 (1.1 y 0 ) 2 k3
New value of x  x
0.81z 0 y2
2 1
k1 (1.21y 0 ) ∴ x 2
 y
0 .9 z 0
∴ I is correct.
121 k1 y 0 
2
  x k1 z 2
90  z 0  (1)  (2), 
  y k2
121 z
 x0
90 x k1 z 3

The percentage change in x y k2
121 k1
x0  x0 By letting k 4  , we have
 90  100% k2
x0 x
 34.4% (cor. to 3 sig.fig.)  k 4 z 3 , k4  0
y
x
∴  z3
y
1
24. If x  z 2 and y  , which of the following ∴ II is correct.
z
(1) – (2), we have
must be true? k2
x  y  k1 z 2 
1 z
若 x  z2 及 y  ，下列哪些項是正確 ∵ k1 is not necessary equal to k2.
z ∴ III is not correct.
的?
1 25. It is given that z varies directly as x2 and
I. x
y2 inversely as y3. If the value of y is doubled
x and the value of x is tripled, find the ratio of
II.  z3
y the new value of z to the original one.
 1 已知 z 隨 x2 而正變且隨 y3 而反變。若 y
III. ( x  y)   z 2  
 z 的值增至二倍及 x 的值增至三倍，求 z 的
A. I and II only 新值與其原值的比。
B. I and III only A. 8:1
C. II and III only B. 9:1
D. I, II and III C. 8:9
A
D. 9:8
∵ x  z2
D
∴ x  k1 z 2 , k1  0  (1) ∵ z varies directly as x2 and inversely as y3.
1 kx 2
∵ y ∴ z ,k0
z y3
k2
∴ y , k2  0  (2) Let x 0 , y 0 and z 0 be the original values of x, y and
z z respectively.
k New value of y = 2y0
z 2  (3)
y New value of x = 3x0
By substituting (3) into (1), we have k (3 x 0 ) 2
2 New value of z 
k  (2 y 0 ) 3
x  k1  2 
 y  9  kx0 
2
 
2
k 1 k1 8  y 0 3 


y2 9
 z0
By letting k3 = k1 k22, we have 8

104
 10 Variations

z 9 have
∴ 
z0 8 3  k1 (1)  k 2 (12 )
∴ The new value of z to the original one is 9 : 8. 3  k1  k 2  (1)
By substituting x = 2 and y = 8 into the equation, we
have
26. It is given that w varies jointly as x and y. If x 8  k1 (2)  k 2 (2 2 )
is increased by 10% and y is decreased by 4  k1  2k 2  (2)
(2) – (1),
10%, find the percentage change in w. 1  k2
已知 w 隨 x 和 y 而聯變。若 x 增加 k2  1
By substituting k2 = 1 into (1), we have
10% 及 y 減少 10%，求 w 的百分變化。
3  k1  1
A. –1% k1  2
B. +1% ∴ y  2x  x 2

C. 0%
D. 19% 28. It is given that y is partly constant and partly
A varies directly as x. When x = 0, y = 2 and
∵ w varies jointly as x and y.
∴ w = kxy, k  0 when x = 1, y = 8. Find y when x = 2.
Let x 0 , y 0 and w0 be the original values of x, y and 已知 y 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則
w respectively.
New value of x  (1  10%) x0
隨 x 正變。當 x = 0 時，y = 2 及當 x = 1
 1.1x0 時，y = 8。求當 x = 2 時 y 的值。
New value of y  (1  10%) y 0
A. 8
 0.9 y 0
New value of w  k (1.1x0 )(0.9 y 0 )
B. 14
 0.99(kx0 y 0 ) C. 16
 0.99w0 D. 32
0.99w0  w0 B
The percentage change in w   100%
w0 ∵ y is partly constant and partly varies directly as x.
  1% ∴ y = k1 + k2x, where k1, k2  0
By substituting x = 0 and y = 2 into the equation, we
have
2  k1  k 2 (0)
27. It is given that y partly varies directly as x and ……(1)
k1  2
partly varies directly as x2. When x = 1, y = 3. By substituting x = 1 and y = 8 into the equation, we
have
When x = 2, y = 8. Find the relation between
8  2  k 2 (1)
……(2)
x and y. k2  6
已知 y 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則 ∴ y = 2 + 6x
2 When x = 2,
隨 x 正變。當 x = 1 時，y = 3；當 y  2  6(2)
x = 2 時，y = 8。求 x 與 y 之間的關係。  14
2
A. y = x + 2x
B. y = 2(x + x2) 29. It is given that z partly varies directly as x and
2
C. y = 2x + x partly varies directly as y. When x = 1 and
D. y = x + 4x2 y = 1, z = 5. When x = 1 and y = 2, z = 4. Find
C the relation between x, y and z.
∵ y partly varies directly as x and partly varies 已知 z 的一部分隨 x 正變，而另一部分則
directly as x2.
∴ y = k1x + k2x2, where k1, k2  0 隨 y 反變。 當 x = 1 及 y = 1 時，z = 5；
By substituting x = 1 and y = 3 into the equation, we

105
Question Bank

當 x = 1 及 y = 2 時，z = 4。求 x、y 與 z k1

B. y  k2 x
之間的關係。 x2
2 C. y  k1 x 2  k 2 x
A. z  3x 
y k1 k 2
D. y 
1 x2 x
B. z  x
y A
∵ y partly varies directly as x2 and partly varies
4
C. z  x inversely as x.
y
k2
∴ y  k1 x 2  , where k1, k2  0
6 x
D. z  x
y
A
31. It is given that y is partly constant and partly
∵ z partly varies directly as x and partly varies
inversely as y. varies directly as x2. If k1 and k2 are non-zero
k
∴ z  k1 x  2 , where k1, k2  0 constants, which of the following equations
y
By substituting x = 1, y = 1 and z = 5 into the equation, describes the relation between x and y?
we have
k 已知 y 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則
5  k (1)  2
(1) 隨 x2 正變。若 k1 和 k2 是非零常數，問
5  k1  k 2  (1) 下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關係?
By substituting x = 1, y = 2 and z = 4 into the equation,
we have A. y  k1k 2 x 2
k
4  k1 (1)  2 k2
2 B. y  k1 
k2 x2
4  k1   (2)
2
(1) – (2), C. y  (k1  k 2 x) 2
1 2
k D. y  k1  k 2 x 2
2 D
∴ k2  2 ∵ y is partly constant and partly varies directly as
By substituting k2 = 2 into (1), we have x2.
5  k1  2 ∴ y = k1 + k2x2, where k1, k2  0
k1  3
2
∴ z  3x  32. If x2 = k + y2 and k is a non-zero constant,
y
which of the following must be true?

30. It is given that y partly varies directly as x2 若 x2 = k + y2 及 k 是非零常數，下列哪項

and partly varies inversely as x . If k1 and 是正確的?

k2 are non-zero constants, which of the A. (x2  y 2 )  (x2  y 2 )

1
following equations describes the relation B. (x2  y 2 ) 
(x  y 2 )
2
between x and y?
已知 y 的一部分隨 x2 正變，而另一部分 C. ( x  y)  ( x  y)

則隨 x 反變。若 k1 和 k2 是非零常 1
D. ( x  y) 
( x  y)
數，問下列何者可能是 x 與 y 之間的關
D
係? ∵ x2 = k + y2, k  0
k2
A. y  k1 x 2 
x

106
 10 Variations

x2  y2  k
( x  y )( x  y )  k
k
x y 
x y
1
x y
x y

33. It is given that y is partly constant and partly

varies inversely as x2. When x = 1, y = 20 and
when x = 3, y = 4. Find y when x = –2.
已知 y 的一部分固定不變，而另一部分則
隨 x2 反變。當 x = 1 時，y = 20 及當 x = 3
時，y = 4。求當 x = –2 時 y 的值。
A. –6.5
B. 6.5
C. –2.5
D. 2.5
B
∵ y is partly constant and partly varies inversely as
x2.
k
∴ y  k1  22 , where k1, k2  0
x
By substituting x = 1 and y = 20 into the equation, we
have
k
20  k1  22
1
20  k1  k 2 (1)
By substituting x = 3 and y = 4 into the equation, we
have
k
4  k1  22
3
k
4  k1  2 (2)
9
(1) – (2),
8k
16  2
9
k 2  18
By substituting k2 = 18 into (1), we have
20  k1  18
k1  2
18
∴ y  2
x2
When x = –2,
18
y  2
(2) 2
 6.5

107