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Sci 10 Q3 W2-Endocrine-Sys

The document outlines the major endocrine glands in the human body, their functions, and the hormones they secrete, which regulate various physiological processes including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. It also discusses the roles of hormones in male and female reproductive systems, as well as various disorders related to hormonal imbalances such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, it highlights the importance of hormones in maintaining homeostasis and the impact of endocrine disorders on overall health.

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Merlin Evasco
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10 views36 pages

Sci 10 Q3 W2-Endocrine-Sys

The document outlines the major endocrine glands in the human body, their functions, and the hormones they secrete, which regulate various physiological processes including metabolism, growth, and reproduction. It also discusses the roles of hormones in male and female reproductive systems, as well as various disorders related to hormonal imbalances such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Additionally, it highlights the importance of hormones in maintaining homeostasis and the impact of endocrine disorders on overall health.

Uploaded by

Merlin Evasco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Objectives:

1. identify the major endocrine glands in


the human body;
2. explain the role of hormones involved
in the female and male reproductive
systems (S10LT-IIIb-34); and
3. explain the different disorders in the
endocrine system.
Review:
How does digestive system work together with
respiratory and circulatory systems?
Your respiratory system takes in oxygen from
the air. It also gets rid of carbon dioxide. Your
digestive system absorbs water and nutrients
from the food you eat. Your circulatory system
carries oxygen, water, and nutrients to cells
throughout your body.
Nervous system controls rapid processes
such as body movement and breathing

Endocrine system is in control of the


mechanisms in the body that slowly
take place such cell growth
Endocrine system
Endocrine System
Directions: Identify
the glands of the
endocrine system.
Choose your
answer from the
box on the right.
LET’S CHECK…
Endocrine System
Composed of different glands which secrete
hormones that regulate metabolism, growth
and development, mood, and reproduction.
Hormones
• are organic substances released by the
glands of the endocrine system directly into
the bloodstream.
• Capable of changing the physiological and
metabolic behaviors of their target cells to
maintain homeostasis.
The major endocrine organs in the body
The endocrine system functions by
• secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream
from glands throughout the body. These hormones
act as chemical messengers, traveling to target
organs or tissues where they regulate various
physiological processes, including metabolism,
growth and development, sexual function, mood,
and stress response.
The Major Glands in the
body, their location, their
functions, and the
hormones that they release.
Effects of Hormones in the Body

• Hormones affects various processes in the body


as they regulate and balance the functioning of
organs, tissues and cells. Hormones have great
impact of your growth, appearance, emotions and
reproductive functions. These determine whether
or not you develop disorders such as diabetes,
thyroid disease, growth disorders, or sexual
dysfunction.
•

•
Role of Hormones involve in the
Female and Male Reproductive
System
Hormones play an important role in both
male and female reproductive systems. The
pituitary gland controls the functions of both
the testes and the ovaries. These hormones
keep the reproductive system properly
functioning.
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Gonads - Primary reproductive organs, testes in
the male and ovaries in the female. Gonads
produce reproductive cells called gametes –
spermatozoa (sperm cell) in males and ova (egg
cell) in females, the process is called
gametogenesis.
• Sex hormones – produce in the gonads.
Male – testosterone and androgen
Female – estrogen and progesterone
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Testosterone belongs to a class of hormones that have
masculinizing actions called androgens and estradiol belongs to a
class of hormones called estrogens. Androgens are not unique to
males and estrogens are not unique to females. GnRH stimulates
the release of pituitary gonadotropins – Follicle Stimulating
Hormone and Luitenizing Hormone, which act upon the gonads to
stimulate the development of sperm and ova and secretion of sex
hormones.
• The sex hormones exert negative feedback on the secretion of
GnRH, LH, and FSH. Accessory reproductive organs consist of ducts
through which sperm and ova are transported and the glands
emptying into these ducts. Secondary sexual characteristics
comprise the external differences between males and female.
In Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system also has prostate
glands. Chemicals from these glands nourish the
sperm cells and help them mature. The
production of sperm cells and the release of
semen can be regulated by hormones or special
chemicals that come from the testis, the brain
and the pituitary gland. These hormones keep
the reproductive system properly functioning.
In Female Reproductive System
The female reproductive system, just like the
male reproductive system, is also regulated by
hormones. The follicles produced hormones
that control the growth and release of eggs
from the ovaries. While other hormones
prepare the uterus so a baby can grow in it,
other hormones still control the stretching of
the uterus during pregnancy.
Endocrine System
Disorders
• Hormones act in very small amounts.
• Hormonal imbalance - An increase or
decrease in hormonal levels, which lead to
body disorders.
Endocrine System Disorders

• Osteoporosis is a disease that happens when the mineral density


of the bone is reduced making it brittle and porous. Parathyroid
hormone secretion is one of the possible causes of this disease.
• Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. It results
from the underproduction or overproduction of thyroid hormones.
• Gigantism (acromegaly) is a disorder that happens during
childhood when there is abnormal increase in height associated
with too much secretion of growth hormones.
• Dwarfism is a condition wherein the production of growth
hormones in the pituitary gland is insufficient resulting in short
stature.
• Diabetes mellitus - occurs when the pancreas, a
gland behind the stomach, does not produce enough
of the hormone insulin, or the body cannot use insulin
properly. Insulin helps carry sugar (glucose) from the
bloodstream into the cells.
• Hyperthyroidism - The thyroid gland produces too
much thyroid hormone. Speeds up the body's
metabolism leading to weight loss, fast heart rate,
sweating, and nervousness. The most common cause
for an overactive thyroid is an autoimmune disorder
called Grave's disease.
• Hypogonadism - occurs when the sex glands produce
little to no sex hormones. This can lead to various
symptoms, including infertility.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in
which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of
androgens, male sex hormones that are usually
present in women in small amounts. Women with
PCOS may not ovulate and have many small cysts on
the ovaries. PCOS can cause missed or irregular
menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, infertility,
and weight gain.
• Hypogonadism - occurs when the sex glands produce
little to no sex hormones. This can lead to various
symptoms, including infertility.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in
which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of
androgens, male sex hormones that are usually
present in women in small amounts. Women with
PCOS may not ovulate and have many small cysts on
the ovaries. PCOS can cause missed or irregular
menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, infertility,
and weight gain.
• Obesity - The hormones leptin and insulin, sex
hormones and growth hormone influence our appetite,
metabolism (the rate at which our body burns
kilojoules for energy), and body fat distribution. People
who are obese have levels of these hormones that
encourage abnormal metabolism and the
accumulation of body fat.
• Irregular menstruation (periods): imbalance in
certain hormones in the body

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