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std 10 science 1 lesson 8

The document provides information on metallurgy, including definitions of key terms such as ores, minerals, and gangue, as well as the properties of various substances. It explains processes like the extraction and purification of metals, chemical reactions involved in metallurgy, and the classification of metals based on their reactivity. Additionally, it includes specific examples and chemical equations related to reactions involving metals and their ores.

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4 views

std 10 science 1 lesson 8

The document provides information on metallurgy, including definitions of key terms such as ores, minerals, and gangue, as well as the properties of various substances. It explains processes like the extraction and purification of metals, chemical reactions involved in metallurgy, and the classification of metals based on their reactivity. Additionally, it includes specific examples and chemical equations related to reactions involving metals and their ores.

Uploaded by

luckynashwaria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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8.

Metallurgy
1. Write names.
a. Alloy of sodium with mercury.
Answer:
Silver amalgam
b. Molecular formula of the common ore of aluminium.
Answer:
Al2O3.nH2O
c. The oxide that forms salt and water by reacting with both acid
and base.
Amphoteric oxide
d. The device used for grinding an ore.
Answer:
The device used for grinding an ore is grinding mill.
e. The nonmetal having electrical conductivity.
Answer:
Graphite having electrical conductivity
f. The reagent that dissolves noble metals.
Aqua regia is the reagent that dissolves noble metals
like gold and platinum
2. Make pairs of substances and their properties.
Answer:
(1) Potassium bromide – Soluble in water
(2) Gold – High ductility
(3) Sulphur – Combustible
(4) Neon – No chemical reaction
3. Identify the pairs of metals and their ores from the following.
Answer:
(1) Bauxite – Aluminium
(2) Cassiterite – Tin
(3) Cinnabar – Mercury
4. Explain the terms.
a. Metallurgy
Answer:
1) The science and technology regarding the extraction of metals
from ores and their purification for the use is called metallurgy.
2) Metals can be extracted from their ores by means of various
methods of separation. The process of extraction of metal in pure
state from the ores is also a part of metallurgy.
3) Metallurgy involves various process like grinding of ores,
concentration of ores , reduction of ores and refining.
b. Ores
Answer:
1)The minerals from which the metal can be separated economically
are called ores.
2)Most metals being reactive do not occur in nature in free state but
are found in combined state as their salts such as oxides,
carbonates, sulphides and nitrates.
3) The compounds of metals that occur in nature along with the
impurities are called minerals.
4) Ores contain many types of impurities such as soil, sand and
rocky substances along with the metal compounds.
5) Bauxite is the main ore of aluminium.
c. Minerals
1)The compounds of metals that occur in
nature along with the impurities are called minerals.
2) Most metals being reactive do not occur in nature in free state
but are found in combined state as their salts such as oxides,
carbonates, sulphides and nitrates.
3) The minerals from which the metal can be separated
economically are called ores.
d. Gangue.
1) Ores contain many types of impurities such as soil,
sand and rocky substances along with the metal
compounds. These impurities are called gangue.
2) Bauxite is the main ore of aluminium. Silica (SiO2),
ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are the
impurities present in bauxite.
5. Write scientific reasons.
a. Lemon or tamarind is used for cleaning
copper vessels turned greenish.
Answer:

1) Carbon dioxide in moist air reacts with the surface of copper


vessel. Copper loses its luster due to formation of greenish
layer of copper carbonate(CuCO3) on its surface. This is called
patination of copper..
2)Lemon and tamarind contain acid. The acid dissolves the
green coating of basic copper carbonate present on the surface
of a tarnished copper utensil and makes it shiny again.
b. Generally the ionic compounds have high melting
points.
Answer:-
1) Ionic compounds are formed from cation and anion . The
cation and anion being oppositely charged, there is an
electrostatic force of attraction between them.
2) The electrostatic attraction in the neighbouring ions with
opposite charges is very strong.
3)Since the intermolecular force of attraction is high in ionic
compounds, large energy is required to overcome it. Therefore,
the melting points of ionic compounds are high.
c. Sodium is always kept in kerosene.
Answer:
1) Sodium is a very reactive metals. Sodium metal combines
with oxygen in the air even at room temperature and forms
sodium oxide.
4Na(s) + O2(g ) 2Na2O(s)
2)On exposure to air sodium readily catches fire. .
3)It does not react with kerosene and sinks in it. Hence, to
protect sodium and to prevent accidental fires it is always kept
in kerosene.

d. Pine oil is used in froth flotation.


Answer:
1) In the concentration of an ore by froth floatation process, the
ore is mixed with water and pine oil. When air is bubbled
through the mixture a froth is formed.
2)The mineral particles in the ore are preferentially wetted by
the oil and float on the top in the froth.
3)The gangue particles are wetted by water and settle down.
Thus the mineral can be separated from the gangue and the
ore is concentrated.
e. Anodes need to be replaced from time to time during
the electrolysis of alumina.
Answer:
1)During electrolysis of alumina, the oxygen liberated at the
carbon anode reacts with graphite rods (carbon anode) and
forms carbon dioxide.
2)As the anodes get oxidised during electrolysis of alumina,
they are continuously eroded. Hence, it is necessary to replace
anodes from time to time.
6. When a copper coin is dipped in silver nitrate
solution, a glitter
appears on the coin after some time. Why does this
happen? Write the chemical equation.
Answer:

When a copper coin is dipped in a silver nitrate solution, more


reactive copper displaces silver from silver nitrate solution. The
silver so liberated deposits on the copper coin. As a result, a
shiny coat of silver is formed on the coin.
7. The electronic configuration of metal ‘A’ is 2,8,1 and
that of metal ‘B’ is 2,8,2. Which of the two metals is
more reactive? Write their reaction with dilute
hydrochloric acid.

Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

Answer:
If the number of electrons in the outermost orbit is less, then
the metal is more reactive. Metal A contains one electron in the
outermost shell, while metal B contains two electrons. Hence,
metal A is more reactive than metal B.

Metal A is sodium and metal B is magnesium. Reactions of Na


and Mg with dil. HCl are,

9. Write chemical equation for the following events.

a. Aluminium came in contact with air.

Answer:
When aluminium is exposed to air, it develops a thin oxide
layer of aluminium.

b. Iron filings are dropped in aqueous solution of copper


sulphate.
Answer:
When iron filings are dropped in copper sulphate solution, more
reactive iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution.
The iron filings get coated with reddish brown copper metal and
the blue colour of copper sulphate fades gradually and ferrous
sulphate is formed.

c. A reaction was brought about between ferric oxide


and aluminium.
Answer:
The reaction between ferric oxide and iron produces aluminium
oxide and iron. It is a thermite reaction and is highly
exothermic.
It produces a large amount of heat, which is released to melt
oxygen and aluminium. .

The chemical reaction for the above is as follows:


3Fe3O2 + 4Al → 2Al2O3 + 6Fe

d. Electrolysis of alumina is done.


Answer:
During electrolysis of alumina, aluminium is deposited at the
cathode. Molten aluminium being heavier than the electrolyte,
is collected at the bottom of the tank. Oxygen gas is liberated
at the anode.
Anode reaction: 2O–– → O2 + 4e– (Oxidation)
Cathode reaction: Al3+ + 3e– → Al(l) (Reduction)

e. Zinc oxide is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid.


Answer:
Zinc oxide is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride
and water are formed.

10. Complete the following statement using every given


options.
During the extraction of aluminium
a. Ingredients and gangue in bauxite.
b. Use of leuching during the concentration of ore.
c. Chemical reaction of transformation of bauxite into
alumina by Hall’s process.
d. Heating the aluminium ore with concentrated caustic
soda.

Bauxite is the main ore of aluminium. Silica (SiO2), ferric


oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) are the impurities
present in bauxite.

The ore of aluminium (bauxite) is leached by heating with


concentration solution of caustic sode (NaOH)
at 140∘to150∘ under high pressure for 2 to 8 hours in a
digester. Aluminium oxide being amphoteric in nature, reacts
with the aqueous solution of NaOH to form water sodium
aluminate. This means that, bauxite is leached by sodium
hydroxide solution.

In the Hall’s process the ore is powdered and then leached by


heating with aqueous sodium carbonate in the digester to form
water soluble sodium aluminate. Then the insoluble impurities
are filtered out. The filtrate is warmed and neutralised by
passing carbon dioxide gas through it. This results in the
precipitation of aluminium hydroxide.

Al2O3 2H2O (s) + Na2CO3(aq) 2NaAlO2(aq) + CO2 + 2


H2O (l)

2NaAlO2(aq) + 3H2O + CO2(g) 2Al (OH)3+ Na2CO3

The precipitate of Al(OH)3 obtained in both, Bayer’s and Hall’s


processes is filtered,washed, dried and then calcined by
heating at 1000 0C to obtain alumina.

2Al(OH)3 Al2O3+ 3H2O


11.Divide the metals Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, Li into
three groups, namely, reactive metals, moderately
reactive metals and less reactive metals.
Answer:
Reactive metals: Na, Li, Ca
Moderately reactive metals: Zn, Fe, Mg,
Less reactive metals: Cu

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