Course Instructor:

Ms. Huda Ghazal

CH OUTLINE Motivation

Types of motivation

Classification of motivation

Theories of motivation
Learning Objectives
Factors play role to
Understand Theories of
inspire a person to
motivation motivation
achieve

contextualization of Personal groom:

knowledge basic techniques to
connects to daily inspire themselves
living examples to achieves motives.
Motivation is the word derived from the word
'motive' which means needs, desires,
wants or drives within the individuals.
Anything that arouses the individual and directs his or her
behavior towards some goal is called a Motive.
Motive is a factor which influences to do anything because
anything we do has a motive behind

Word- Motivation
 Motivation
Definitions:
1. The factors that direct and energize the behavior of human.
2. The internal state or condition that activates and gives
direction to our thoughts, feelings and actions.
3. Any internal or external condition that appears by
inference to initiate, activate or maintains any
goal-directed behavior.
The term ‘motivation’ can refer variously to the
goals individuals have, the ways in which
individuals chose their goals and the ways in
which others try to change their behavior.

Motivation is concerned with the strength and

direction of behavior and the factors influence
people to behave in certain ways.

What is Motivation?
 What Is The Cause Of
Motivation???

What Made You Get Out Of Bed This

Morning????

What Made You Study For Your

Exams???
 Motivation Process
Is motivation being inborn or learned behavior??
Motivation
Types of motivation are:
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation.
Classification of Motivation
Primary Motivation
Secondary Motivation
 Types of Motivation
1. Intrinsic Motivation 2. Extrinsic Motivation
Arise from within the Arise from outside of the individual
individual (internal factors) (external factors)
• Is when one is motivated by external
• An activity is factors
Intrinsically (Ex: Getting praise for painting or writing)
motivating if a person
does it voluntarily
(Ex: Painting or writing
because you enjoy the
creative process)
 Types of Motivation
1. Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation can arise from the self-generated factors that influence
people’s behaviour. It is not created by external incentives. It can take the
form of motivation by the work itself when individuals feel that their work is
important, interesting and challenging and provides them with
• a reasonable degree of autonomy (freedom to act),
• opportunities to achieve and advance, and
• scope to use and develop their skills and abilities.

Research Findings: Deci and Ryan (1985) suggested that intrinsic motivation is based on the
needs to be competent and self-determining (that is, to have a choice).
 Intrinsic Motivation Examples
• Learning new things for the sake of
learning out of curiosity.
Reading a book because you find the topic
interesting.
• Enjoyment, Satisfaction:
Playing sports because you enjoy or Running
because it makes you feel good and energized.
Working in a team because you enjoy
collaboration
Playing an instrument purely for the love of
music
Helping out at a shelter because it brings you
joy to help others.
 2. Extrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation occurs when things are done to or for people to motivate them.
These include rewards, such as incentives, increased pay, praise, or promotion; and punishments,
such as disciplinary action, withholding pay, or criticism.
Examples
Money: Going to work to earn a paycheck, or receiving a bonus for good work
Praise: Working hard to receive recognition or praise from a boss or authority figure
Promotions: A common and effective way to motivate employees, promotions can also promote
merit
Group rewards: A team or department can be motivated by the promise of a reward, such as a
lunch or party
Store loyalty cards: Shopping with a loyalty card to earn points, discounts, and prizes
Volunteering: Volunteering can look good on a resume
Social media: Going to new places to post on social media
Taxes: Paying taxes to avoid a fine
Degree: Pursuing a degree to make parents proud
Class Activity
Find Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Find Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
 Understanding Intrinsic and
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation Journal
Task: Reflect on your day and record:
1. One activity driven by intrinsic motivation:
Why did you enjoy it?
How did it make you feel?
2. One activity driven by extrinsic motivation:
What external factor influenced you?
How did it make you feel?
Example Prompts:
Did you exercise for fun or because of social pressure?
Did you study because you love the subject or for grades?
Let’s Think………………
Summary: Types of Motivation
Primary Motives

Primary motives are essential for survival. They must be satisfied first
before we can take up any other activity. Primary motives come to
action when the physiological balance of the body is upset. This balance
is called homeostasis.
Social/Learned/Secondary Motives:

Human life has not only just biological aspect but also social aspect. Hence human behaviour is
activated by the following social motives.
1. Achievement motives
2. Affiliation motives
3. Aggression motives
4. Power motives
5. Curiosity motives.
These are called social motives since they develop as a result of relationships with people.
Instinct Theory

This theory suggests that behavior is driven

by innate biological instincts that are
genetically programmed. These instincts
are automatic and triggered by specific
environmental stimuli.
Real-Life Application: The instinct theory
can explain basic survival behaviors, like a
baby’s instinctual grasp reflex or the
migratory patterns of animals. In humans, it
may explain behaviors like the instinct to
protect one’s offspring or the fight-or-flight
response to danger.
Drive Reduction Theory (Clark Hull)

This theory posits that motivation arises

from the need to reduce internal tensions
(drives) caused by unmet physiological
needs, such as hunger or thirst. Once the
need is satisfied, the drive is reduced.
Real-Life Application: When you’re
hungry, the drive to find food motivates
you to eat. After eating, the tension
(hunger) is reduced, and motivation
decreases. Similarly, when you’re thirsty,
drinking water reduces the uncomfortable
feeling of dehydration.
Arousal Theory

This theory argues that people are

motivated to maintain an optimal level of
arousal (alertness or excitement). Too little
arousal leads to boredom, while too much
arousal leads to stress. People seek
activities that help them reach an ideal
level of stimulation.
Real-Life Application: Some people
enjoy thrilling activities like skydiving or
roller coasters to increase their arousal
when they feel bored, while others may
prefer calming activities like meditation or
reading when they feel overstimulated.
Incentive Theory

According to this theory, behavior is

motivated by external rewards or
incentives, such as money, recognition, or
approval. People are motivated to achieve
goals in exchange for positive
reinforcement.
Real-Life Application: Employees work
hard to earn bonuses or promotions.
Students study to get good grades or
receive praise from parents and teachers.
This theory is often used in educational
settings, workplaces, and marketing
strategies.
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• The most famous classification of needs is the one formulated by Maslow

(1954).
• He suggested that there are five major need categories that apply to
people in general, starting from the fundamental physiological needs and
leading through a hierarchy of safety, social and esteem needs to the need
for self-fulfillment, the highest need of all.
• When a lower need is satisfied the next highest becomes dominant and
the individual’s attention is turned to satisfying this higher need. The need
for self-fulfillment, however, can never be satisfied.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Motivational Theories X & Y
SA Theory Y - a set of
assumptions of how
Esteem to manage individuals
motivated by higher
Love (Social) order needs
Theory X - a set of
Safety & Security assumptions of how
to manage individuals
Physiological motivated by lower
order needs