Thesis Proposal

BIOPHILIC ARCHITECTURE & MENTAL HEALTH

FIGURE 1 FIGURE 1

M.S. Thesis Proposal

Litzy Chamu

Architecture Department
College of Art, Humanities and Social Sciences
School of Design, Architecture and Art
North Dakota State University
Biophilic Architecture & Mental Health

Submitted to:

School of Design, Architecture and Art

Department of Architecture

By

Litzy Chamu
Biophilic Architecture & Mental Health

A Design Thesis Submitted to the

Department of Architecture and Landscape Architecture of
North Dakota State University

By
Litzy Chamu

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of

Masters of Architecture

Primary Thesis Advisor Thesis Committee Chair

Cindy Urness Stepehen Wischer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Thesis Proposal
Cover 1-3
Signature Page 4-5
Table of Contents 6
List of Tables and Figures 8
Thesis Abstract 10
The Thesis Narrative 12
The Project Typology 14
Client Description 15
The Site 16
Major Project Elements 17
Project Emphasis 18
Goals of the Thesis Project 19
Plan for Proceeding 20
Design Process 21
Thesis Research

Project Schedule 23-24

Results of Thesis Research 26
Precedent Studies 27
Case Studies 27-32
Project Justification 33
Historical, Cultural, and Social Context 34-38
Site Analysis 39-41
Performance Criteria 42-44
Design Solution
Process Sketches 46-47
Mass and Modeling 48-49
Project Solution Documentation 50
Performance Analysis 51
Floor Plans 52
Renders 53-56
Performance Analysis: Design Goals 57
Digital Presentation 58-71
Project Installation 72
Appendix 73-74
Previous Studio Experience 75
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 1 Figure 25 46
Figure 2 13 Figure 26 46
Figure 3 14 Figure 27 47
Figure 4 15 Figure 28 48
Figure 5 16 Figure 29 48
Figure 6 18 Figure 30 49
Figure 7 26 Figure 31 49
Figure 8 27 Figure 32 50
Figure 9 28 Figure 33 52
Figure 10 29 Figure 34 53
Figure 11 30 Figure 35 53
Figure 12 31 Figure 36 54
Figure 13 32 Figure 37 55
Figure 14 32 Figure 38 56
Figure 15 33 Figure 39 58-71
Figure 16 35 Figure 40 72
Figure 17 37
Figure 18 38
Figure 19 40
Figure 20 40
Figure 21 40
Figure 22 41
Figure 23 41
Figure 24 41
THESIS PROPOSAL
ABSTRACT
This thesis proposes the effects of biophilic interaction on
people experiencing and struggling with mental health issues.
In order to properly treat patients with mental health issues,
the psychology behind the architecture designed to promote
wellness must be properly and thoroughly understood. It is well
known that the application of Biophilic Design reduces stress,
stimulates creativity and clear thinking, improves physical and
psychological well-being and accelerates healing. Consider-
ing the relentless process of global urbanization, these benefits
will become increasingly important in the design of our urban
spaces, architecture and interiors. In addition to what the archi-
tecture includes in terms of promoting an overall relationship
with the natural environment, less noticeable elements, such as
patterns within the architecture must be addressed to create a
cohesive and effective design. The primary focus is designing
a building that maximizes the amount and quality of positive
interactions with nature. These biophilic relationships, com-
bined with traditional and alternative therapies, will improve the
health and healing of patients residing at the treatment facility.

Keywords: biophilia; biophilic design; restorative environment;

sustainability; mental health; well-being.
THESIS NARRATIVE
For my thesis project, I wanted to create something that would
have a beneficial impact on people and the physical world. I started
thinking about all the issues we are seeing today, and which issue I am
drawn to more. Mental health has always been something I am passion-
ate about. I am a huge advocate of mental health awareness and find-
ing solutions to help generations to come.
What does mental health have to do with architecture? There’s
a lot more correlations with each other than one would think. No mat-
ter where we may be, our mental health is affected by the architecture
that surrounds us. Studies have shown that a space in which a person
utilizes daily can affect one’s emotions and mental health. For instance,
most people will be more productive in a bright, communal, relaxed
environment as opposed to a dark, solemn, anxiety-inducing one. In a
study conducted by Conellanetal. (2013), it was determined that design
choices such as light, noise, communal spaces, and art spaces influence
mental health.
Designing our work and living spaces around our comfort and
mental wellness is becoming increasingly important over time. Since
the pandemic, mental health has increasingly become one of the larg-
est issues affecting people’s lives. Studies show that 1 in 5 people suffer
from some type of mental health issue. Mental health is a direct link to
physical health, all environments that we spend long periods of time
in would benefit from thoughtful design. Poor design evokes negative
reactions like anxiety, raised blood pressure, and increased risk of infec-
tions.
So, what about spaces that are meant to evoke rehabilitation,
spaces meant for you to get better, spaces like a psychiatric center?
People who may need the extra help in bettering themselves may de-
cide to stay in these clinics. However, a lot of these clinics don’t provide
those design aspects meant for mental health improvement. Instead,
the designs are dull and instill negative reactions. I want to design a
psychiatric center that includes all these helpful design aspects, an ideal
psychiatric center aimed for improvement of mental health.
FIGURE 2
PROJECT TYPOLOGY
As I mentioned in my thesis narrative, the objective of my thesis idea
is to create an ideal psychiatric center that is centered around the im-
provement of the patient’s mental health.
Looking back at the history of psychiatric buildings several asylums
were built on linear or hollow-square plans, but the classic structure was
based on the Alabama Insane Hospital, designed by Samuel Sloan and
built in 1852, and codified by Thomas Kirkbride, M.D. The “Kirkbride Model”
called for a large building constructed symmetrically on either side of a
central administration building that was flanked by attached wards set
back in steps. The division into setback wards allowed more severely ill
patients to be placed by themselves, in the wards farthest away from the
central building. The central building contained offices and housing for
the superintendent and his family and marked the boundary between
men and women patients, who were housed in separate wings. By 1890,
about 70 Kirkbride-style asylums had been built in the United States.
FIGURE 3

However, a lot of these asylums started to fail, they were declining,

unhygienic, racially segregated, and socially isolated facilities. They were
not doing the job they were built to do. For decades, psychiatric hospitals
were grim settings where patients were crowded into common rooms by
day and dorms at night.
Fast forward, the design approach of psychiatric centers has evolved
now that new research into the health effects of our surroundings is creat-
ing the development of facilities that feel more residential. With all this,
nature also plays a big role: Windows provide views of greenery, land-
scapes decorated walls, and outdoor areas give patients and staff access
to fresh air and sunlight, which is extremely beneficial.
 CLIENT DESCRIPTION
This building is designed to be a psychiatric center to accommodate;

Patients struggling with their mental health while on the road to recov-
ery. Psychiatric centers are tailored to people that range from adolescents,
adults and elderly people, with a whole range of mental health problems,
like depression and anxiety, drug and alcohol problems.

Healthcare Staff trained to work hard and help you get through what can
be a stressful time for you and your family.

Patient Visitors visiting their loved ones want to also be in a safe enviorn-
ment.

FIGURE 4
SITE INFORMATION

FIGURE 5

Location: Madison, Wisconsin

Currently Madison, Wisconsin is listed as one of Americas cities with

the highest rate of depression. However, Madison is a beautiful city with
plenty of nature that people could enjoy.
This biophilic designed building has a major focus of integrating na-
ture with patients. Nature has a lot of benefits with recovering patients.
Buildings in a nature bult enviornment always patients to enioy the out-
door nature.
MAJOR PROJECT ELEMENTS
Directect and indirect connection with nature
There are two ways we experience nature - directly and indirectly. Direct
refers to physical exposure to natural elements. Indirect is exposure to only
the likeness of nature, such as images or simulations of nature.
Indoor / outdoor plants
Introducing and planting gardens and trees around and inside the facility
premises can create environments that make patients feel more connect-
ed with nature, thereby reducing their stress.
Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli
Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli are stochastic and momentary connec-
tions with nature that can reduce stress and improve productivity.
Optimal view of green spaces through windows / walls / glass
Large glass doors and windows also help occupants connect with nature
and feel more at ease in hospitals and health-care facilities.
Total commitment to natural light
Natural light has a decisive psychological and emotional effect on patients.
Various studies, over the last decades, have identified that natural light
guarantees better results for patients, helping them in their recovery and
reducing fatigue.
Presence of textures, materials, aromas and shapes that allude to na-
ture
Using materials such as wood, stone or adding plants and green spaces
makes the sanitary environment a more comfortable and pleasant place.
 PROJECT EMPHASIS
To emphasize, my overall project is going to be a modern, biophilic
psychiatric center. This building is meant to reduce stress and promote
positive effects on health and wellbeing.
Biophilic design refers to the practice of increasing connectivity be-
tween people and the natural environment through mindful design of
interior spaces and the spatial experience. Hospitals often go against the
needs of their visitors increasing the levels of mental and physical stress of
patients. The positive effects on the health of human beings in response to
biophilic design of the built environment have been proven by numerous
studies. Design has only recently started to take in the patients needs for
not only their physical, but also their social and psychological needs.

FIGURE 6
GOALS OF THE THESIS PROJECT

1. Successfully Integrate Ideas

Academically, the most important goal of my project is integration
of all the different aspects of my project.
2. Effective Circulation Flow
Efficient circulation will be a challenge I will face in my design. I
plan to use case studies and design techniques to reach this goal.
3. Intentionality
I want to be intentional with as many aspects of the design as I can
to strengthen my project.
4. Innovative Design
Creating an innovative design will help my project stand out from
the rest.
5. Better Design Based on Precedents
I want to use my case studies to better my design the best I can.
6. Educate
I want to educate whoever comes across my thesis about the
importantce of biophilic design and its impact on mental health.
7. Design for the Place
It is very important that this design fits in Madison, Wisconsin and
is still unique.
8. Improve My Rendering Skills
Professionally, I want to work on learning better rendering
techniques.
9. Work on Mastering My Own Design Process
Professionally, I want to constantly be improving the way I work to
produce better designs.
10. Create a Project I Am Proud to Show Off
I want a product that I am proud of with no major regrets or mis-
takes.
PLAN FOR PROCEEDING

RESEARCH DIRECTION DESIGN METHODOLOGY

THEORETICAL PREMISE SYSTEM OF METHOD

1. Precedents in biophilic 1. Theoretical Premise
features. 2. Research on the topics surround-
2. Identifying sustainable ing that premise to help answer
strategies for biophilic design. related questions and discover new
3. Identifying charateristics of design solutions
biophilic design. 3. Testing those design solutions
4. Formulating your own design
PROJECT TYPOLOGY opinions about the newly tested
1. Identify community design solutions
expectations and values 5. Formulating your own opinions
HISTORICAL CONTEXT into a conclusion to be used in your
1. What effect does the cities design.
depression rate have on
design? How to solve them? TYPES OF ANALYSIS
2. Precedents in communities
mental health. Quantitative Analysis:
Interpret and analyze data through
SITE ANALYSIS investigation
1. All typical site analysis still Qualitative Analysis:
needs to be completed. Compare conclusion formulated
from opinion against the needs and
values of the community and client.
Exploration:
Examine how quantitative and
qualitative answers can influence
the design questions/answers that
come from the design process
DESIGN PROCESS

DOCUMENTATION OF CONTENT
THE DESIGN PROCESS PUBLICATION

Tools for creating documentation: Final content material will be re-

1. By Hand corded and credited
- Sketching, Modeling in the final thesis book.
2. Investigating through computer
design software
PRESENTATION
- Revit, Sketchup, AutoCad
INTENTIONS
3. Representing through computer
design software
- Illustrator, Photoshop, Indesign 1. Power Point Presentation to
walk through my process and final
DESIGN PRESERVATION design
2. Presentation boards containing
my final design
1. Creating and investigating the
3. Final Model
represented drawings and models
2. Advisor(s) feedback taken and
utilized
3. Weekly check-ins with main
advisor
4. Keep, Date and reference later all
notes, ideas and sketches
5. Document research material and
keep list of sources and what they
are for
6. Backup new stuff every Friday to
google drive
7. Update thesis book weekly
THESIS RESEARCH
PROJECT SCHEDULE
FALL SEMESTER

THESIS RESEARCH DUE

THANKSGIVING BREAK

THESIS PROPOSAL DUE

1ST DRAFT OF THESIS PROPOSAL DUE

A S O N D
U E C O E
G P T V C
PROJECT SCHEDULE
SPRING SEMESTER

FINAL RESEARCH DUE THESIS REVIEW

MID. TERM THESIS REVIEW

ALL EXHIBITS DUE

SPRING BREAK GRADUATION

THESIS BOOK DUE

J F M A M
A E A P A
N B R R Y
 RESULTS FROM RESEARCH
Throughout the thesis research process. Historical research will
be done to see how previous facilities incorporated biophilic elements
and how efficient their methods back then were. Qualitative research
will also be done through readings related to both mental health is-
sues and the Architecture field. These correlations will be made and
expanded upon throughout the design process. The look into case
studies is also going to be an incredibly important part to see what the
typical building programs are and how the circulation and design af-
fected the building, whether that be positively or negatively.

FIGURE 7
CASE STUDIES
CHEROKEE STATE HOSPITAL (POOR DESIGN)

Cherokee
State Hospital
opened in 1902
and is still oper-
ational provid-
ing acute care
to adults, ado-
lescence, and
children.
FIGURE 8

HISTORY CONTEXT
The Cherokee Mental Health The Cherokee State Hospital
Institute is a state-run psychiatric is an example of the Kirkbride mod-
facility in Cherokee, Iowa. It opened el. Kirkbride believed that asylum
in 1902 and is under the authority buildings and their surroundings
of the Iowa Department of Human were a central component of treat-
Services. ment for the mentally ill. Kirkbride
There was a strong need in buildings were built between 1848
the State of Iowa at the time for an and 1890. Patients were housed in a
additional hospital to relieve over- hierarchical system based on gen-
crowding at the other state mental der and illness. Kirkbride felt this
hospitals in Mount Pleasant, Inde- arrangement would make patients
pendence, and Clarinda. more comfortable and their treat-
ment more productive by isolating
The towns of Sheldon, Le-
them.
Mars, Fort Dodge, and Storm Lake
in northwestern Iowa lobbied hard
to bring the asylum to their area,
since it meant jobs and economic
growth.
CONTRIBUTION TO THESIS

This case study is a great example of what to steer away from in the
process of designing a psychiatric center. While Kirkbride buildings were
beautiful, they were also impractical due to their size and lack of function-
ality. There was a consistent gap between the architects’ ambitions for the
building, and how the building actually functioned.
Another big issue was many patients staying at Kirkbrides didn’t
leave. From the beginning, the idea had been that the patients in any Kirk-
bride hospital would soon be cured, making room for new patients. Pa-
tients were originally expected to stay there for no more than a year.

CONCLUSION

Kirkbride is a blueprint to architects in todays age on what to avoid

for functional, practical and resourceful psychiatric centers. There have
been around 80 kirkbride buildings constructed between the years 1845
and 1910, 30 that are still standing, slowly starting to decay as well.
Kirkbrides entire theory was that architecture itself can cure mental
illness. Research has shown that there is more to that. The biggest positive
impact architecture has on mental health is including biophilic deisgn.

FIGURE 9
CASE STUDIES
ÖSTRA HOSPITAL – PSYCHIATRY WARD (GOOD DESIGN)

FIGURE 10 FIGURE 10

PROJECT SUMMARY

Because of biophilic architecture, a psychitric hospital in Sweden has

shown that introducing natural elements to medical spaces reduces stress
and agression and increase relaxation, focus and recovery.
The design of Östra Hospital’s Acute Psychiatry Ward creates a free
and open environment that breaks down preconceptions formed by tradi-
tional institutional environments. Evidence-based research suggests that
successful care requires the gradual increase of patients’ personal space
from their room, to the garden, to the wider public realm with an eventual
return to life outside.
There are 3 key aspects associated with biophilic healthcare design
and how they can be implemented in the healing enviornment.
1. Complexity and Order
2. Indoor and Outdoor Spaces
3. Natural Lighyt Promoting Natural Rhythms
CONTRIBUTION TO THESIS

This case study is a great example of biophilic architecure in the

healthcare typology. Sweden has designed a psychiatric center that has
successfully reduced agressive and negative behaviors and encouraged in-
dependence for patients throughout the facility. Studies have shown that
this is the type of design we should be implementing in these healthcare
facilities. Biophilic design can reduce stress, enhance creativity and clarity
of thought, improve our well-being and expedite healing.

CONCLUSION

The Ostra Hospital has all the key elements that a good biophilic de-
sign should have. There is a spatial atmosphere, a sense of personal space
and autonomy to set boundries for mental health and safety. Ostra pro-
vides indoor and outdoor spaces, fostering happiness and wellbeing, while
reducing stress and agression. Lastly, Ostra provides natural light through-
out the day from windows, skylights and light features all contributing to
improvement of mental health.

FIGURE 11
CASE STUDIES
MCLEOD TYLER WELLNESS CENTER (GOOD DESIGN)

FIGURE 12

PROJECT SUMMARY

EYP’s design for McLeod Tyler Wellness Center is intended to be a

beacon for health and wellness for the community. Along with the build-
ing’s architectural character, the landscape design was developed in re-
sponse to the natural setting and the overall result is welcoming and non-
institutional.
Inspiration for the design concept came from two primary sources:
architect Philip Johnson’s Glass House and the iconic garage in the movie
“Ferris Bueller’s Day Off.” These structures frame and integrate the land-
scape with the building. Research has proven the positive effects of nature
on mental and physical well-being.
The design team incorporated biophilic elements throughout the
interior with strategic use of natural patterned fabrics, stone, wood, and a
large water feature along a wall in the lobby. Designers also chose a color
palette with soothing earth tones to reinforce the Center’s connection to
nature and to contribute to the calm, restorative environment.
 CONTRIBUTION TO THESIS

This case study is another great example of biophilic architecure in

the healthcare typology. Scientists first uncovered the effects of biophilic
design in 1984. Dr. Roger Ulrich discovered that hospital patients whose
rooms faced vegetation and water recovered faster than patients who
stared at a brick wall all day. This is another building showcasing all the
benefits biophilic design can provide for people.

CONCLUSION

Healthcare facilities like the McLeod Tyler wellness center, employ

the principles of biophilic design improve patient outcomes and reduce
staff stress. By making simple choices like using more natural building ma-
terials or installing a circadian lighting system, healthcare designers can
make hospitals into more comforting environments. They help patients re-
cover faster. Biophilic elements are an essential part of modern healthcare
design.

FIGURE 13 FIGURE 14
 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION
As I have mentioned before, mental health is a crisis that unfortu-
nately is still on the rise and any efforts in helping is a good effort. Mental
health problems are very common. In 2020, about 1 in 5 american adults
experienced a mental health issue, 1 in 6 young people experienced a ma-
jor depressive episode and 1 in 20 americans lived with a serious mental
illness.
The reason I chose to dive into this topic and essentially make it my
thesis is because I believe that everyone should have a good experience
in bettering their mental health, especially in situations where one might
have to be part of a psychiatric center. Using biophilic design in healthcare
can lessen the stress on patients because it creates a more natural envi-
ronment that is conducive to a successful recovery.

FIGURE 15
HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL
CONTEXT
TREATMENT IN THE PAST

For much of history, the mentally ill have been treated very poorly. It
was believed that mental illness was caused by
demonic possession, witchcraft, or an angry god. For example, in medieval
times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was pos-
sessed by demons. The most common treatment was exorcism, often con-
ducted by priests. Another form of
treatment for extreme cases of mental illness was trephining: A small hole
was made in the individual’s skull to release
spirits from the body. In addition to exorcism and trephining, other practic-
es involved execution or imprisonment of people with psychological dis-
orders. Generally speaking, most people who exhibited strange behaviors
were greatly misunderstood and treated cruelly.
From the late 1400s to the late 1600s, a common belief
perpetuated by some religious organizations was that some
people were witches. They were often burned at the stake. It is estimated
that tens of thousands of mentally ill people were killed after being ac-
cused of being witches or under the
influence of witchcraft.
By the 18th century, people who were considered odd and unusual
were placed in asylums. Asylums were the first
institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psy-
chological disorders, but the focus was ostracizing them from society rath-
er than treating their disorders. Often these people were kept in window-
less dungeons, beaten, chained to their beds, and had little to no contact
with caregivers.
In the late 1700s, a French physician, Philippe Pinel, argued for more
humane treatment of the mentally ill. He suggested that they be un-
chained and talked to.
 In the 19th century, Dorothea Dix led reform efforts for
mental health care in the United States. Dix began lobbying various state
legislatures and the U.S. Congress for change (Tiffany, 1891). Her efforts led
to the creation of the first mental asylums in the United States. However,
a typical asylum was filthy, offered very little treatment, and often kept
people for decades. Conditions like these remained common until well into
the 20th century.

TREATMENT TODAY

Today, there are community mental health centers across the nation.
Instead of asylums, there are psychiatric hospitals run by state govern-
ments and local community hospitals focused on short-term care. They
are located in neighborhoods near the homes of clients, and they provide
large numbers of people with mental health services of various kinds and
for many kinds of problems.

FIGURE 16
HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL
CONTEXT
CULTURE

Mental health is a complex issue that can be affected by many differ-

ent factors. Culture still plays a significant role in shaping how people think
and feel about their mental health. It is important to understand culture’s
role in mental health to create an inclusive environment that supports
people of all backgrounds. When it comes to mental health, culture can
have both positive and negative impacts.

In some cultures, it is more acceptable to express emotions openly,

while in others, emotional restraint is the norm. This can affect how we
cope with stressful situations. Some cultures may also emphasize indi-
vidualism, while others may emphasize the importance of community and
interdependence. This can affect how we view ourselves about others, and
how much support we seek when facing challenges.

In some cultures mental disorders are often seen as medical condi-

tions that need to be treated with medication or other medical interven-
tions. But in many traditional cultures, mental health problems are seen as
spiritual issues that need to be addressed through religious or shamanic
rituals.

In some cultures, mental health problems are seen as a sign of weak-

ness, and people may be reluctant to seek help for fear of stigma or dis-
crimination. In other cultures, Mental health problems may be seen as a
normal part of life, and people may be more likely to seek help from family,
friends, or community members.
 CULTURE IN HEALTH CARE

Cultural competence is understanding, appreciating, and working

with different cultures’ beliefs, values, and practices. Mental health care
providers need to be culturally competent to provide quality care to all pa-
tients. This includes understanding how culture can impact mental health
and being aware of the different cultural traditions and practices around
mental health. It also means respecting patients’ beliefs and values, even
if they differ from ours. When providers are not culturally competent, they
may make assumptions about their patients that are not accurate. This
can lead to misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and a lack of trust
between patients and providers.

FIGURE 17
 HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND SOCIAL
CONTEXT
SOCIAL

Mental health issues are still very prevalent in our society today.
However, we are in a time where seeking help is more accepted and
encouraged. In the last couple years, the stigma behind mental health
has taken a turn towards the right direction. Previously, older generations
strayed away from seeking help and treatment. This change in the social
concept of mental health, care and architecture is paving the way to show
a new way of mental health care centers and the benfits that they may
offer.

FIGURE 18
SITE ANALYSIS
SITE SUMMARY

Located in the most northern part of Lake Mendota, on the block

between County Highway M and Highway 113. The site sits at 17.7 acres
and is located right across from Lake Mendota. The site is tucked away in
a forested area, providing privacy and great views, making it a great
location for further exploration of the thesis.

Through further anylization and exploration into the city and

neighborhood it has been proven to be the best location for this project
to sit. Through design and the use of existing conditions patients of this
new facility will be immersed into the existing nature.

This site will be able to help the goals for this project by allowing
for community growth, and sustainability. By locating the project here
it allows for the community to accept the new building instead of be-
ing out of context without these guidelines. Sustainability will be utilized
through every process but due to this specific location having ample
time throughout the year for direct sunlight, long growing seasons, and
the climate will help achieve these goals.

Overall, this was the best site that could have been picked due to its di-
rect connection to the existing nature and privacy.
 WEATHER PATTERNS

SUN PATTERN
In Madison, the sumers are warm
and wet; the winters are freezing, snowy,
and windy; and it is partly cloudy year
round. Over the course of the year, the
temperature typically varies from 13°F
to 82°F and is rarely below -7°F or above
90°F. Throughout the year the site will
still get plenty of sunlight.

FIGURE 19

CLOUD PATTERN
In Madison, the average percent-
age of the sky covered by clouds experi-
ences significant seasonal variation over
the course of the year.The clearer part
of the year in Madison begins around
June 7 and lasts for 4.5 months, ending
around October 24.

FIGURE 20

RAIN PATTERN
Rain alone is the most
common for 9.7 months, from Febru-
ary 19 to December 12. The month with
the most days of rain alone in Madison
is June, with an average of 11.3 days.
Snow alone is the most common for 2.3
months, from December 12 to Febru-
ary 19. The month with the most days of
snow alone in Madison is January, with
FIGURE 21
an average of 2.6 days.
 HUMIDITY PATTERN
Madison experiences
significant seasonal variation in the
perceived humidity.The muggier period
of the year lasts for 3.5 months, from
June 3 to September 18, during which
time the comfort level is muggy,
oppressive, or miserable at least 9% of
the time.

FIGURE 22

WIND PATTERN
The average hourly wind speed in
Madison experiences significant seasonal
variation over the course of the year.
The windier part of the year lasts for 7.8
months, from September 30 to May 23,
with average wind speeds of more than
10.3 miles per hour. The windiest month
of the year in Madison is March, with an
average hourly wind speed of 12.4 miles
FIGURE 23
per hour.

WIND PATTERN
The wind is most often from the
north for 1.8 months, from February 18
to April 13. The wind is most often from
the south for 2.9 months, from April 28
to July 25; for 2.4 months, from August
1 to October 13; and for 2.3 weeks, from
October 30 to November 15. The wind is
most often from the west for 1.0 weeks,
FIGURE 24
from July 25 to August 1; for 2.4 weeks,
from October 13 to October 30; and for 3.1
months, from November 15 to February
18.
PREFORMANCE CRITERIA
SPACE ALLOCATION

The design is going to be a cohesive design that allows for the

spaces to work together to maximize square footage as well as optimiz-
ing sustainable practices through the placement of the different pro-
grams. These spaces will include administration offices, healthcare of-
fices, pharmacy, healing gardens, inpatient rooms, therapy rooms and a
green roof.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Energy consumption throughout my building is going to be on

the lower side of energy production due to the immense amount of
natural lighting and circulation.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE

Thermal control within the building is going to be a big area that

will have to be addressed within the final design of the thesis process.
The building provides plenty of natural sunlight which means there are
a lot of curtain walls and windows, this will affect how the building is
cooled as well as how it is heated. Overall, the building will achieve NET
Zero to enhance the Environmental Performance.

CODE COMPLIANCE

All local codes, ADA, and IBC codes will be used in the production
of the design of my building when it comes to the time of designing it.
BEHAVIORAL PERFORMANCE

Since the building I am designing for my thesis is a inpatient

mental health center it will technically be operating 24/7, however visitor
hours will be from 8 am to 8 pm, Monday through Sunday. This means
that paients and healthcare staff will be occupying the space in
conjuction to visitors occupying the space.

PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT

The psychological impact within the mental health

center is going to be a positive, encouraging, and a peaceful experience
for those who come and occupy it. Patients will be pushed, and
encouraged to learn and grow in a positive healing environment. Guest
will also be able to enjoy the space and see how patients imerse in
nature and improve their well-being.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

With the emphasis of sustainable green design within my

building I will be pushing the bounds of what can be possible
throughout the site and building. I will be researching the best ways to
implement green design into the building for the climate and
conditions it is set in.
 MIND BODY SPIRIT

Activities presented Meets ADA Inclusive environ-

Accessibility in different medias guidelines ment

Easily understood Open sight lines to

Circulation connections allow easy maneu-
Inviting and
self-guided
vering
Limits distractions by Colors dont create
Color integrating neutral any negative feel-
Creates sense of
calmness
colors ings
Transparency
Daylighting Connections to
nature
100 to 500 fc and openness to
outdoors

Flexible elements User freedom and

Flexibility User decision
making
for user custom- control
ization

Ergonomically
Clean and well
Furniture Variety of options correct for mental
maintained
patients

Height Spacious environment 9'-0" ceilings

Feeling of comfort
and security

Task lighting for 50 fc for general Uniform and without

Lighting added concentration, healing spaces glare
100 fc

Opportunity for con- Friendly Environ-

Multi-user interactive
Socialization nections between elements
ment
patient and staff
Contributes to the
Sound 35 to 45 dBA in
healing areas
45 to 55 dBA in
sensory experience
community spaces
of the space

Contributes to Adds to the

Structure experience of the
Follows any and all
safety codes
environments
space aesthetic
Used by health- Communication
Technology Understood by
users
care staff to pro- and connective-
vide adequate care ness to world

Relief from any

Temperature Comfortability 68 to 74 degrees heat or cold

15 to 20 cfm per Access to the out-

Ventilation occupant doors and operable Not congested
with high activity
windows
DESIGN SOLUTION
PROCESS SKETCHES
FIGURE 25

FIGURE 26
FIGURE 27
MASS AND MODELING
Connection is a recurring theme throughout the design solution.
The chosen final form responds to the surrounding context, site influ-
ences, and program needs.

FIGURE 28

The extension on the right wing creates more room for patients
and staff. This alo opens the first floor and creates a space for outdoor
usage for all patients, staff, and visitors. The left wing also highlights the
green roof.

FIGURE 29
 Shifting the left wing into a form that takes on the shape of steps,
creates more room for each healthcare office from top to bottom. The
right wing highlights the healthcare offices and where staff find their
space.

FIGURE 30

Openings added in the form allow for outdoor circulation

through and around site. Multiple circulation routes add flexibility and
exploration for users. Levels of the project are adapted to the original
topography of the site. The form is further adjusted to connect all 3
forms into one.

FIGURE 31

STAFF ATRIUM PATIENT GREEN

AREA AREA ROOF
PROJECT SOLUTION DOCUMENTATION

FIGURE 32
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: RESPONSE
TO SITE
The design process, explained earlier, demonstrates many
of the decisions for the building form as it relates to the site context.
Additionally, sustainable solutions were integrated into the design that
responds to Madison's climate. One of these sustainable solutions being
the commitment to natural lightig. The building design includes a large
curtain wall that allows plenty of natural lighting.
As a response to the large size of the site, the west portion of the
site is dedicated to the future development of a gardens, offering
additional resources that allow intergration of nature and healing.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: RESPONSE

TO TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH
The typological research concluded that the use of
dynamic forms, hands-on elements, and sustainable strategies were
necessary in this project if the goals were to be achieved. The
architectural forms and elements of the design solution entice user
engagement. Careful consideration was given to the circulation
strategies employed.
 FLOOR PLANS

FIGURE 33
FIGURE 34

GREEN ROOF
The green roof provides patients to connect with nature while
still being in the building. This space is provided for patients to heal
and decompress. The green roof is a great location for any therapy
sessions.

FIGURE 35
FIGURE 36

INPATIENT ROOMS
Patient rooms are designed to provide alot of space to avoid the
feeling of confinment. They are designed with neutral tones and
textures to help make the patient feel calm and peaceful.
FIGURE 37

ATRIUM
The atrium is a central area for circulation. The atrium provides a
large curtain wall that allows plenty of natural sunlight into the
building. The atrium also helps seperate the sections of the building.
Off to the left, you will find the staff are and off the right, you will find
the patient area.
FIGURE 38

LOBBY
The lobby is the main point of the builidng. Here you check in as
a patient or visitor. Patients, staff and visitors have access to all
amenities in this area. There is a pharmacy, auditorium, dining hall and
healing garden in this area.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: RESPONSE
TO GOALS AND PROJECT EMPHASIS
DESIGN GOALS

1 Create a design that allows healing through nature and

architecture for patients struggling with mental health issues. The
project implements strategies to support the physical and psychological
needs of patients. Attention to color, natural lighting, textures,
socialization, structure, flexibility, and ventilation to achieve these goals
can be seen through the spaces detailed on the previous pages.

2 Better understand how architectural form and elements such as

nature can support the healing and well-being of patients. The
understanding of nature and the benefits it provides patients can be
found through the green roof on the third floor, as well as the healing
gardens on the first and second floor.

3 Set a connection between patient and staff. Socialization between

staff and patients is important. It allows empathy throughout the
journey, making it easier for patients to feel comfortable and open
during therapy sessions. Therapy areas are designed with a welcoming
and calming environment in mind.

4 Produce an environmentally conscious project through

integration of sustainable strategies. To achieve an environmentally
conscious project and promote the well-being of occupants, ultimate
sustainability is predicted to be achieved throughout the building.
 DIGITAL PRESENTATION
FIGURE 39
PROJECT INSTALLATION

FIGURE 40
APPENDIX
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Architecture for Mental Health — Psychological Design. (n.d.). Psychological Design. https://
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Biophilia & Design

for Wellbeing, Oliver Heath. (n.d.). Biophilia & Design for Wellbeing - Oliver Heath. Oliver Heath.
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Brasil, E. A. (2023). Architecture and Health: How Spaces Can Impact Our Emotional Well-Being.
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Can Biophilic Design Improve Emotional Wellbeing? | Human Spaces. (2023, January 19). Hu-
man Spaces. https://blog.interface.com/can-biophilic-design-improve-emotional-wellbeing/

Desai, A. (2015, February 12). Building for Better Health: How Architecture & Design Can Address
the Mental Health Crisis. https://the-gist.org/2021/03/building-for-better-health-how-architec-
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Etkho. (2022). Biophilic design in hospitals: the importance of natural light in the health of pa-
tients. ETKHO Hospital Engineering. https://www.etkho.com/en/biophilic-design-in-hospitals-
the-importance-of-natural-light-in-the-health-of-patients/

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ioral-health-facilities

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Margolies, J. (2021, January 5). A New Tool in Treating Mental Illness: Building Design. The New
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blog/17-sustainable-architecture-design-ideas/
PREVIOUS STUDIO EXPERIENCE
2ND YEAR
FALL SEMESTER: EMILY GUO
- ARTIST RESIDENCE
- BOATHOUSE
SPRING SEMESTER: MILTON YERGENS
- BIRDHOUSE
- MIXED-USE HOUSING
- MARFA DWELLING

3RD YEAR
FALL SEMESTER: BAKR ALY AHMED
- RESORT/RECEPTION - CONCRETE
SPRING SEMESTER: CINDY URNESS
- SAME DAY SURGERY CLINIC

4TH YEAR
FALL SEMESTER: AMAR HUSSEIN
- HIGHRISE CAPSTONE PROJECT
SPRING SEMESTER: AMAR HUSSEIN
- MARVIN WINDOWS COMPETITION
- PROJECT URBAN DESIGN, BAL HARBOUR

5TH YEAR
FALL SEMESTER: CINDY URNESS
- WETLAND RESEARCH CENTER
SPRING SEMESTER: CINDY URNESS
- FINAL THESIS PROJECT