Cent; al wey VauS Sy8 tem

tIuman bycçn ik the mast compli coteo ogan

in the body. L? i4 desenbed c the Masted control
Coodinang and integating- body tun cions,
bmbi0 Loi cally. he bfCin atet from the ectodeym
L1 i8 the largest ovsan
wth o00 billjon. neton.s
l
wseighing aboct |3-l Kg
NeuYons
mitosi and /ncseoe in nurmbes. but
S
clo not unolego
in Size, they ín Crtet e
The bain attain
itJ..MaXm Wm siZe by
abot 18 YeOy8 Db age.
The human bradn.js oel Piotectel b÷
the Skal. The brain is Covesed by Granja mcnings.
Consisting ob oute laye colled duiq matey, a very Zha
midclle laycy called arachnoic au an inne Cayey (allet
Pia. mates The lbtain can be cdivi cded into three maior
patts i. forebain ii midbse
midbsain, iii. Hind bsain.
.FoebYcin

Fotebyain Con Sísts os Cescbyum, thamus. and hy po:

thalamus
CeyebUm
Cexebam i5 the
lagest pt ot fhe humGn byain
Sharing about 804 od the total brain, Ii is divicec
into lebt ad.ght cedebal
beniSphere4 by meas
o a lorstudinal fissuze. The t s
cercbrad hemisphere
Cle inteComnected verrty b a Yanvete
bere!
neve ti bre Called corpus callo Sum.
 There ae t wo types o6 Sapsel nam ely
elecctm Gal synansen aud chemical SYnapseS.
electieoal Sa pses, the monbranet ot pre and post
Snaptic nautons ale in Very Clae poimity. Glccsco
CuYert Can flo9 iyectly 6rom One neuYon into othe c
aooss these Synapses. TYansm istion ot an impulse
dooog
electri Cal Synapses i very Similay to i
mpele CondctËon
along a Single axon - |mpu3e tran& mission aeoBS an
electi cal Synapse is asays
alisays fctes than that cirasya
a. chemi Gal ynapse Glectn Cal Synapse8 aje vase in
Out System,
Aea chgrniCal Snapse, the membyame ot
Pse and post Synaptic
flid filled Space Calledneuror aue Seperate by
Caled synaptic cleft, henjCals
SSion otneuYdtian&míttesg ae invoecl in the
impul&es at these Sapses, he tyan&
Contajn ves clei fillcd oith thesè axor) tesmiC
cohen an: inpulse
netotrnnittexs
arives. Cut the. aXOn teY
Stimulates the movement o6 the minau, it
taac the membyane Stna-jc
here hey fuse VeSiCey
o
membane acl scleaye theiy plesra
the Synaptic clett,
The etoticn rmi-ttexs in
&
bind to ther yeleased neuD-tiangitles
Specibi C dGCeptorS,
Synaptic membsane. This rsent on the post
allowing the enty o the ions binding opens ion channel4
a
c
Potential in the ohich can gen sate
Paenticl developed may bepost-sinaptic neuneuron.ron. hË
eithet exrit
 Each Cential hemishete i fusthe diie
(jo fouy lobes o
Lobie ad (cipetal lobe,
lobe, pcuietal lobe, frntas
termporal lobe.
U
Germ
HAU
Paneto ocipeled central suluS
fissuye
palietal lobe
OcCifetal ldbe Fontal
lobe

Teporal Lote
Cevebylm, as a ishoBe is
I. oiboeyentiatel into tuso Zone
Cutes GYay. mattet &. Enney
ohîte iattey
Gtaynates n also caied cerebial
t iá abot Coytex
mmthick wth nerve cell bodies
in Six (ayets ayingl
punng the embryoni C
these i& a yapid inerale in the Sig developrnent,
the. bYain.
Cesebal costex PreSr into n n bef ob
bolcy calle
i. In beteen 9n
ShclloLo ovet pent ale Called
Sulci. The.. 1n ud.Sul i
Logethe Ue calleal convocutin
edeor)
Cetctorl Corte contaH
Ceritre8. To addition to Senso, motoY ud.asoiabia
these, cerebyum i8j3 YesPon&i ble
Lay seci al facutties Suchh caf
POLeY o thin king
Yecsoning. inderpratin, judgennent. ill,
Speech, intelligence,,mernoY,
peJonalitiedemotin,
etc.
 wohite matter consist ok myelinat Gol
atYangec in de bnite neve traoty ot 3.tlee
I. AsSo Gatecd Nerve bibreS

Conclit impulses frn me fod to

in the Same certefyal cindhey
hemisphere.
9.
CommisSu'al NeVe i bres
Connect a Condct
Cerebral hemisphere to the
mbomncion -tm one
othey ex;- CospuS atLOSun
3. pruj ection bì byes

ASconding aud
that ink cdi bbernt pat desCendi
ng -no tiiact
ob -the bycin
ert- Easuda
Thalcmus
In. Ge ek Thalamus
i3 ovelapped all
and bain Stem. aon ay Ces eb
It acs as a sum,
Sensoy Sitch bo and relay CentYe a Cerselluny
except Smell recei ve8 al
lko acts and.transport
as
it to
ceycliun n6oymaon
intedprtafion
impulss bixe poun, Cenwe fos Some Thalamu!
Pressuse ornpeAetrc. light,uch anel
HYpothalamus.
4 is Hypothalamus
inked to
ies at the bose
thalamus.
neun Cerebial Cstex by meani o6
Constitutes Li mbic S4sten
 A1 the loser sicle c the
land i present. hpothalamus, Pitutay
mamiJlary bocdi
afdo iad wth Sn ell. he main bungtion o
thcl mug i8 Hormoestatic functi onegelchon
heo
a bCy
tonpesatue, ates, ele etrdtL belanc e blool hamo
nal levd ete IH receives ancd
iterpret8. Sesosy
mjogcd brom nScerad oGan ancl nnonito involn.
tart tunctions thhogh autnmic nent SYSt em
IH n9oed i n he rglaon oo SexueA
CxeiiDn oó emoli onal eactiDns (edciement
Pteane, Yage,. feas) GLc moliVation
behaioud,
Midbrain
he midbiai n ig io ated
bteen the
thalamusl
bypothalamus ob the fose byain ael pong the hin
brain. A Canol Called the eset/al.
Geteaayecct
pass thragh the midbrain. the cdoras Potion
o.the midbrain CsnSiS8 majnly
souy YDund loby
Called Gorpos a uaci gerni na.
t m the byain Stem.
Hindbyun
The hindbrain Consist o% Pons, CeYebllum
and mecdulla dolongata.
Pons
Pons lies just infont o the
t liteally means bidg e. PonS
meculla cblorgot
meaSues about one
inch in length
 It containg nove tracts arangd in tuga
directions Long tuci nal nezVe, tyact cohic
Connect -thatamus and coycbrum on ne Side
meculla 4 Spiral CoNe on the othe Side ccl tyansea
hevetrar hicu conn ect pons with Co bellu.

Meclull ca oblnaata
Mecllla cblongata is he psteior payt ot the
bain stem. TtS about lin ch long cnc outyicdle -the,
foamen maGnum. cortiuet aS Spina Coyd
Da Sally it ShoS posterioy choYOSd ple tus that
Secets csF (cecoo spinal Fluid): Meddlla shoL
longitudinal nesve tacts that conrnect the Sptnal Corel
uith thalamw ad cedebsum, on the vential Side ot
the nedulla, thee le t o ghly tianguay Styu
ctures called. pyHanids These
o lavget moto? PYamids, aede Cormpoge
nerve -t7acts án ng fYo the ceye
bial co tex to the spinal coYd.
(erebellum
Cedebelum i6 the
secondd largeg pat ob the
human brain which accounts fox l o
L1 die posteio to the total byain,
brn Sten cud inferoy to
the oc ipetal Lobe o the
butte bly haped and Consist8ceebrum, Cefetelluen apleaXA
os a. Centyal vermis
b. Later a wng haped
cesebella hemisphoyes.
two Inportant -furnctions
), Maintains body
baanCe equi li bnum 4 pOstue
9co-olinates the. Contya ctin of votntoy Muscles
 Ceyebjal hemisphcge:

CoYpus
Callosum

Pochan

Thalams

Chypotharus
t Midbran Pons Cuet
Bfan indacintCevcbellám
Stom
LMedl la -

Section d human brain

REFLEX ACTION
A Retex action /8 dekned as an automatic, oft on
unconcioUS, Yapid ivontoly Oction .bDiht asouttby