Lesson 10 Airline Terminologies
Lesson 10 Airline Terminologies
ACCOMPANIED
When used for children and infant fares this shall mean the child/infant must be accompanied by an adult paying an applicable adult
fare or traveling at industry free or reduced fare tickets.
ADD-ON
An amount used only to construct an unspecified through fare
ADULT
A person who has reached his/her 12th birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.
AFRICA
Comprises of Central Africa, Eastern Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Libya, Southern Africa, and Western Africa
AREA 1 (TC1)
All of the North and South American Continents and the adjacent Islands; Central America, Greenland, Bermuda, the West Indies and
the islands of the Caribbean Sea, the Hawaiian Islands (including Midway and Palmyra).
AREA 2 (TC2)
All of Europe as defined below and adjacent islands; Iceland. the Azores, all of Africa and adjacent islands, Ascension Island, that part
of Asia lying west of and including Iran.
AREA 3 (TC3)
All of Asia and the adjacent islands except that portion included in Area 2 all of the East Indies, Australia, New Zealand, and the
adjacent islands of the Pacific Ocean, except those included in Area 1.
BACKHAUL
A fare construction applied to a fare sector to determine the minimum applicable fare, only when all of the following conditions
apply:
BACKHAUL MINIMUM
The additional amount that must be added to a fare calculation as the result of a backhaul calculation.
CENTRAL AFRICA
Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
CHILD
A person who has reached his/her second birthday but not his/her 12th birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.
COMBINATION
Whenever two or more one way or round trip or half round trip fares are used and shown separately in a fare calculation.
Where a journey comprises not more than two international fare components with a Domestic Surface Sector and travel is via a
Common Ticketed Point in the Country of Origin/Turnaround, the fare for the entire journey shall not be less than the applicable fare,
from/to such common points.
COMPONENT
A fare break point.
CONNECTION
Interline connection: A passenger’s transfer from a flight operated by one airline to a flight operated by another airline, with
or without a stopover, at an intermediate point in an itinerary.
Intraline connection: A passenger’s transfer from one flight to another flight at an intermediate point in an itinerary, where
the same air carrier operates both flights.
CONSTRUCTED FARE
Unspecified through fares created by:
CONTINENT
For travel purposes, continent refers to a political grouping of countries, and does not necessarily correspond geographically.
CONTINENTAL USA
The 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia (this does not include Alaska, Hawaii)
COUNTRY OF PAYMENT
The country where payment is made by the purchaser to the TC Member or its Agent; payment by check, credit card or other
banking instruments shall be deemed to have been made at the place where such instrument is accepted by the TC Member or its
Agent.
DEADLINE
Reservations: The minimum/maximum number of days/months before the day of departure by which reservations must be
confirmed
Ticketing: The minimum/maximum number of days/months before the day of departure or the minimum/maximum number of
hours/days after reservation by which payment and ticketing must be completed; issue date of a PTA constitutes the ticketing date
Notes: When 'deadline' is used in paragraphs other than Reservations and Ticketing, the term refers to the deadline for reservations
and ticketing. When different deadlines apply, it is necessary to specify which deadline (e.g. 'before ticketing deadline')
DEPARTURE
The day/time of the flight on which the passenger is booked/ticketed to travel
Before departure: the definition refers to the first flight of the pricing unit
After departure: the definition refers to subsequent flights of the pricing unit.
DIFFERENTIAL
The difference between normal fares for the higher and lower classes of service for the segments(s) where the higher class of service
is flown.
DESTINATION
The ultimate stopping place of the journey as shown on the ticket.
DIRECT FLIGHT
Any flight ticketed as a single flight coupon, irrespective of whether there are enroute stops and/or changes of aircraft types.
DIRECT ROUTE
The shortest all year route operated by any TC Member in both directions between ticketed points at which it exercises traffic rights;
provided that:
1) Where a point is not served by any TC Member via the same route in both directions, the services of any nonTC Member,
Associate Member and/or any scheduled non-IATA carrier shall be used, but only as the initial sector and/or the terminating
sector
2) the services of any scheduled air carrier may be used
3) over domestic sectors
4) over sectors as provided in Resolution 011a
5) Where a point is only served seasonally, the services of any scheduled air carrier may be used but only as initial or
terminating sector provided further that any routing specified in Attachment 'A' to Resolution 011 as a 'basic routing' shall
be deemed to be the direct route
EASTERN AFRICA
Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda.
(*) These countries are not members of the European Union (EU)
Bulgaria and Romania are expected to join the EU and EEA on 1 January 2007
END ON COMBINATION (EOE)
Combination of two or more fares, which could be ticketed separately at a fare construction point. (Not applicable to combination of
fares between the same points)
FARE, APPLICABLE
For fare construction purposes, a fare which is established after the application of all fare construction calculations, e.g. excess
mileage fare, higher intermediate fare but excluding related charges e.g. amounts to be annotated with ‘S’ or ‘Q’
FARE, DIRECT
For fare construction purposes, a fare component (these are also termed fare break points).
FLIGHT COUPON(S)
That portion of a Ticket annotated ‘good for passage’ or a segment(s) of an Electronic Ticket.
FRANCE
Metropolitan France Continental France and Corsica
FREEDOM – THIRD
The right for an air carrier to put down, in the territory of another State, passengers, freight and mail taken up in the State in which it
is registered
FREEDOM – FOURTH
The right for an air carrier to take on, in another State, passengers, freight and mail for off-loading in the State in which it is registered
GATEWAY
First point of arrival / last point of departure in a country /area.
GLOBAL INDICATOR
The global routing applicable to the fare as shown in Resolution 011b.
HIP PROCESSING
Higher Intermediate Point Processing is used to determine if an International through trip's fare is exceeded by any intermediate
point's fares. There are four (4) types of HIP checks:
• A-type compares fares from origin to intermediate points with the fares for the whole trip.
• B-type compares fares from intermediate points to an off point with the fares for the whole trip.
• C-type compares fares between intermediate points with the fares for the whole trip.
• CP or P-type is a common point check. Occurs only in open - jaw itineraries. Compares fares from common point to other
ticketed points in a trip. NOTE a common point doesn't have to be a stopover.
INDIRECT ROUTE
Any scheduled continuous air route other than a direct route
INFANT
A person who has not reached his/her second birthday as of the date of commencement of travel.
ITINERARY
All points in the passenger journey, beginning with the origin, followed by the routing, and ending with the destination.
Circle itinerary: An itinerary that begins and ends at the same point in which the inbound portion does not retrace the path
of the outbound portion.
Open-jaw itinerary: Similar to a circle itinerary except that the initial and terminal points are not the same.
Symmetrical itinerary: An itinerary that begins and ends at the same point in which the inbound portion retraces the path of
the outbound portion.
INTERMEDIATE POINT
Any point in an itinerary, other than the origin and destination, at which the passenger makes an interline or intraline connection or
stopover.
INTERLINE TRANSFER
Transfer from the service of one carrier to the service of another carrier.
INTERNATIONAL-DOMESTIC TRANSFER
A change between the international service of one carrier and domestic service of the same carrier (online transfer) or another
carrier (interline transfer).
INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER
A change from the international service of one carrier to another international service of the same carrier (online transfer) or to the
international service of another carrier (interline transfer).
ISSUING CARRIER
TC Member whose tickets are issued to the passengers.
JOURNEY
Origin to destination of the entire ticket.
LOCAL COMBINATION
Combination of fares between the same points.
MIRROR IMAGE
A round trip Priceable unit consisting of 2 fare components, half of a round trip (TAG 2 fares only), using the same
Tariff/Carrier/Rule/Fare Class on both components, and where no mileage and/or HIP surcharges exist on the itinerary.
NON-IATA CARRIER
Any carrier who is not a Member of IATA
NON-TC MEMBER
A Member of IATA who has elected not to participate in Tariff Coordinating Conferences.
a) Origin open jaw: the outward point of departure in the country of unit origin and the inward point of arrival in the
country of unit origin are different OR
b) Turnaround open jaw: the outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure are different OR
c) Double open jaw: the outward point of departure in the country of unit origin and the inward point of arrival in the
country of unit origin are different (origin jaw) AND
d) The outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure are different (turnaround open jaw)
NORTH AMERICA
(For Worldspan pricing) Alaska, Canada, Continental USA, and Hawaii.
OFF TRIP
Within minimum processing, the OFF trip is the remainder of the Priceable unit, i.e. the portion that is not part of the HIP trip.
ON-LINE TRANSFER
Transfer from the service of one carrier to another service of the same carrier.
a) For 'turnaround open jaw' the outward point of arrival and the inward point of departure are different, or
b) For 'origin open jaw' the outward point of departure and the inward point of arrival are different, or
c) For 'single open jaw' either a) or b) applies, or
d) For 'open jaw' any combination of the above may apply
ORIGIN
The initial starting place of the journey as shown on the ticket
OTHER CHARGES
Charges such as taxes, fees etc., excluding excess baggage charges
POINT OF TURNAROUND
The farthest geographical fare break (between two fare components) from the Pricing Unit origin.
PRICEABLE UNIT
A journey or part of a journey, which is priced as a separate entity, e.g. is capable of being ticketed separately
REBOOKING
Change of reservation and/or other changes, which do not require ticket reissuance.
RELATED CHARGES
Charges such as cancellation penalties, non-refundable amounts, rebooking and rerouting charges, stopover charges, weekend
surcharges etc., and excess baggage charges.
REROUTING
Change of routing and/or other changes which require ticket reissuance.
RESERVATIONS
The allotment in advance of seating or sleeping accommodation for a passenger or of space or weight capacity for baggage or goods.
RETURN SUB-JOURNEY
A part of a journey wherein travel is from a point/country and return thereto and for which the fare is assessed as a single pricing
unit using half round trip fares - round trip, circle trip, normal fare open jaw; also applicable to special fare open jaw returning to the
same or another country.
REVENUE PASSENGER
A person receiving air transportation from an air carrier for which remuneration of 25% or more of the regular economy fare is
received by the air carrier. Air carrier employees or others receiving air transportation against whom token service charges are levied
are not considered as revenue passengers. Infants for whom a token fare is charged are not counted as revenue passengers.
Passengers flying on ‘frequent flyer’ redemptions are counted as revenue passengers
ROUND TRIP
Travel entirely by air from a point to another point and return to the original point comprising two half round trip fare components
only, for which the applicable half round trip fare for each component, measured from the point of unit origin, is the same for the
routing traveled; provided that this definition shall not apply to round the world travel if the fares to be used differ through class of
service/seasonality/day-of-week/carrier variations, the outbound fare shall be used also for the inbound fare component for the
purpose of determining if the pricing unit is a round trip.
SCHEDULED SERVICE
The operation of a flight on a regular basis according to a published timetable and available to the public on short notice.
SCANDINAVIA
Denmark, Norway, Sweden
SIDE TRIP
Travel from and/or to an enroute point of a fare component.
SIGNIFICANT CARRIER
The carrier whose fares are applicable for a fare component
SIGNIFICANT SEGMENTS
The flight segment used in international pricing which makes a travel conference (TC) break, country, continent, or sub-continental
change.
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland
SPECIAL FARE
Any fare other than a normal fare
SPECIFIED FARE
A fare in an IATA Tariff Conference Resolution.
SUB-JOURNEY
A sub-journey is a self-contained One Way / Round Trip / Circle Trip / Open Jaw Pricing Unit which is combined with (an) other self-
contained One Way / Round Trip / Circle Trip / Open Jaw Pricing Units(s) on the same ticket, e.g. one complete journey divided into
separately priced sub journeys.
STOPOVER
When a passenger arrives at an intermediate point and is scheduled to depart later than 24 hours after arrival (local time) Exception:
for travel wholly within Central America or for travel wholly between Central America and Panama: when a passenger arrives at an
intermediate point and is scheduled to depart later than 6 hours after arrival (local time).
SURFACE SECTOR
Imbedded surface sector means a domestic or international surface sector within a fare component but not to or from a fare
construction point
Fare construction surface sector means: either the origin point or the terminal point of a domestic or international surface sector is
at a fare construction point (including the origin or destination of a pricing unit).
TC MEMBER
A Member of IATA who has elected to participate in Tariff Coordinating Conferences.
THROUGH FARE
A fare applicable for travel between two consecutive fare construction points via an intermediate point(s).
TICKETED POINT
Points shown in the "good for passage" section of the passenger ticket.
TRAFFIC DOCUMENT
Ticket, MCO or any other accountable passenger traffic document.
TRANSFER
A change from the service of one carrier to another service of the same carrier (online transfer) or to the service of another carrier
(interline transfer).
TRAVEL
The passenger routing identified by ticketed points and not the aircraft routing.
TRIP ORIGIN
First point in the fare component
UNACCOMPANIED
When used for children and infant fares this shall mean the child/infant is not accompanied by an adult.
UNIT ORIGIN
The initial starting point of a pricing unit.
UPGRADING
Change from the original fare paid to a higher fare (changes of seasonality, day of week, applicable related charges, resulting in a
higher fare do not constitute upgrading).
USA TERRITORIES
The overseas territories of the United States of America, including but not limited to:
VALIDATED
Fare, which has passed rules and routings.
VIA POINTS
All ticketed points between the board and off point of a trip
WESTERN AFRICA
Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Cote d’ lvoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo,
Zaire.