Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

SECY909 fly
ELECTRICAL & LIGHTING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DC Power Distribution ...... . . . ..... ..... .. . .. . . .. .. . . . . ... . ............................ ...........4-1

BATTERY Switches ........................ .. .......... ... . ... . ... . ........... . ........... .. . .....4-3
START-GEN Switches ........................................... . ... . .. . ...... . .............. ..4-3
START Lights ........................................................................................ .4-4
GEN RESET Buttons .............................................................................4-4
GEN Lights ............................................................................................4-4
DC Generation and Start (Figure 4-1) ............................................ .... .4-6
DC Power Distribution (Figure 4-2) ...................................................4-7
CUR LIM Light.......................................................................................4-9
DC Circuit Breakers .............................................................................. 4-9
Battery Overheat Warning System .....................................................4-9
BAT 140 and BAT 160 Lights .........................................................4-10
BAT TEMP Indicator .................. . .... . . .. .. ........ ........ ... .... .. . ........... . . . ..4-10
External Power Receptacle ................................................................4-10
AC Power Distribution ...................................................... ................... .4-13
AC Power and Distribution
Aircraft 31-035 thru 31-060, 31-062 thru 31-065 (Figure 4-3) ....... 411
Aircraft 31-061, 31-066 & Subsequent (Figure 4-4) .........................412
INVERTER Switches ..... ......................................................................414
AC Circuit Breakers ... ..... .................................................................... 415
Electric Power Monitor ....... ................ . ... .. . ... .... . ....................................415
Emergency Bus System .............................................................. .... ...... . .4-16
EMER BUS Switch ............................................................................. .418
Emergency Bus System
Aircraft 31-035 thru 31-060,31-062 thru 31-065 (Figure 4-5) ....... 419
Aircraft 31-061, 31-066 & Subsequent (Figure 4-6) ........................420
Avionics Power System .........................................................................4-21
AVIONICS MASTER Switch .............................................................421
Emergency Power System . .. . .................................................................421
EMER BAT Switch ......... . .. ..................................................................422
Exterior Lighting ................................ .... . .. ........ .... ..................................422
Landing/Taxi Lights ...................... . ... .. ..... .. . .................................. ....422
Navigation Lights ............................. . . .. .. ... ......... .......... . ........... . ..... ....423
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont)

Anti-Collision (Beacon) Lights ......................................................... 423

Aircraft with Oscillating Beacons ................................................. 423
Aircraft with Solid-State Beacons ................................................. 423
Strobe Lights .... .. .... .............................................................................. 424
Recognition Light ..................................................................... . . ..... 424A
Wing Inspection Light ..................................................................... 424A
Cockpit Lighting ................................................................................... 425
Instrument Panel Floodlights ........................................................... 425
Instrument lights ....... ..... ................................................................... 425
Switch Panel Lighting ................ .... ...... ..... ................ ....... . ......... ........ 425
Map Reading Lights .......................».................................................. 426
Dome Lights .............................................................».......................... 426
Passenger Compartment Lighting ....................................................... 427
Fluorescent Cabin Lights ................................................................... 427
Table Lights ......................................................................................... 427
Passenger Reading Lights .................................................................. 428
Entry Light ...........................................................................................428
Cabin Lighting Controls (Figure 47) ........................................... 429
Baggage Compartment Light ...... ................... ............... .. ...... .. .... .. ... 430
No Smoking and Fasten Seat Belt Signs .......................................... 430
Emergency Lighting System
Early Design ......................._............................................................... 431
EIVIER LIGHTSwitch ...............................................................».... 431
EMERGENCY LTS-NORM Switch ............................................... 431
Late Design .............................................................................._.......... 432
Emergency Exit Lights Control Panel .......................................... 432
Control Switch ............................................................................. 432
Test Switch ....................................................................._............ 433
Annunciators .......................... ........ ........ . ... . .... . .......... .. .... .... .. .... .433
Master Wanting and Annunciator Panel Lights ................................ 434
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

40 4100 SECY909 9V
ELECTRICAL & LIGHTING

DC POWER DISTRIBUTION
Primary electrical power for aircraft and avionics systems requiring DC
power is supplied by two engine-driven, 30-volt, 400-ampere starter/
generators. Secondary DC electrical power is supplied by two 24-volt
lead-acid (standard) or nickel-cadmium (optional) batteries. An exter-
nal power receptacle is installed for engine start and stationary ground
operations.
A generator control unit (GCU) is installed for each generator. The
GCU's contain circuits to maintain generator output at approximately
28 VDC throughout varying engine speeds and loads. The GCU's also
contain circuits to equalize generator load during parallel operation,
provide overvoltage protection, and provide current limiting during
ground operations and during generator-assisted cross starts.

During normal operation, the generators supply all aircraft DC power

requirements . Regulated 28 VDC output from the generators is applied
to the respective generatorbuses. The voltage on the generator buses is
applied to the battery charging bus through 275-amp current limiters.
Battery charge is maintained from the battery charging bus through the
battery relays and battery buses. The DC BUS 2 and 3 buses in the cir-
cuit breaker panels are powered from the respective generator buses
through 50-amp current limiters. The battery bus in the pilot's circuit
breaker panel is powered from the LH (#i) battery through a 20-amp
current limiter. The battery bus in the copilot's circuit breaker panel is
powered from the RH (#2) battery through a5-amp current limner. The
DC BUS 1 buses in the circuit breaker panels are powered from the re-
spective generatorbus through an overload sensor and a control relay.
On some aircraft theCABIN PWR BUS is installed in the overhead pan-
el between the two crew members . On other aircraft the CABIN PWR
BUS is installed on the bulkhead behind the pilot. The CABIN PWR
BUS is powered from the battery charging bus through a 50-amp cur-
rent limiter and a remote control circuit breaker. The inverters are pow-
ered through overload sensors and control relays . Additionally, aircraft
systems producing heavy loads; such as resistance heaters, large

PM-121 4-1
Change 4
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A
lamps, blowers, heavy-duty motors, and heavy-duty pumps, are sup-
plied power through current limiters connected to either the battery
charging bus or generator buses.

Overload sensors are installed between the DC BUS 1 buses and the as-
sociated generator bus. The overload sensors are installed to protect the
DC BUS 1 feeder circuits from an overload . Basically, each overload
sensor is a 70-amp circuit breaker mechanically connected to a switch.
Should an overload condition occur, the circuit breaker will reposition
the switch to deenergize a power relay, thereby disconnecting the DC
BUS 1 bus. Additionally, the switch will apply a ground to trip the af-
fected L or R DC BUS 1 circuit breaker. When the overload sensor cir-
cuit breaker cools, the switch will reset; however, the power relay will
not reenergize due to the open L or R DC BUS 1 circuit breaker. When
the malfunction has been corrected and the affected L or R DC BUS 1
circuit breaker reset, the power relay will reenergize and power to the
DC BUS 1 bus will be restored.

The generators will not come on-line ifanoperating groundpower unit

is connected to the aircraft.

A cross start relaybox is installed which enables an operating generator

to assist in providing power to start the opposite engine . If one genera-
tor is on-line and a start of the opposite engine is initiated, the cross
start relay circuits will cause both left and right starter relays to close.
In effect, this will bypass both battery charging bus 275-amp current
limiters and the output of the operating generator will supplement the
aircraft batteries in providing power for the starter.

An airstart relay box is installed which prevents the EFIS and air data
displays from blanking during airstarts. During an airstart, the RH (#2)
battery is isolated from the battery charging bus and its power is uti-
lized to keep the EFIS and air data systems powered at full voltage.
When the aircraft is on the ground, operation of the airstart circuits is
inhibited and both batteries will be available to power the starter.

An emergency bus system is installed to simplify load shedding in the

event ofa dual generator failure or cockpit/cabin smoke and/orfumes.
When the emergency buses are selected, the batterycharging bus is iso-
lated from the batteries and the equipmentconnected to the emergency
buses will be powered from the aircraft's batteries.

4-2 PM-121
Change 4
Learjet 31A Piloes Manual

BATTERY SWITCHES

The aircraft batteries are controlled through the BATTERY 1 and 2

switches on the pilot's switch panel. The LH (#1) battery is wired di-
rectly to the battery bus in the pilot's circuit breaker panel and the RH
(#2) battery is wired directly to the battery bus in the copilot's circuit
breaker panel. When either BATTERY switch is placed in the On posi-
tion, the corresponding battery relay closes to connect the respective
battery bus to the battery charging bus if the EMER BUS switch is in
the NORMAL position. When the BATTERY switch is placed in the
OFF position, the battery relay is deenergized and the respective bat-
tery bus is isolated from the battery charging bus. The battery relays
will also be deenergized whenever the EMER BUS switch is in the
EMER position.

START-GEN SWITCHES

The starter/generators are controlled through the START-L GEN and

START-R GEN switches on the pilot's switch panel. Each switch has
three positions: START, OFF, and GEN. Prior to starting an engine,
the following switches should be placed in the On position: BAT-
TERY 1, BATTERY 2, applicable FUEL CMPTR, and applicable IN-
VERTER. The BATTERY switches will supply power to the L and R
IGN & START circuit breakers for starter and ignition system opera-
tion. The digital electronic engine control (fuel computer) will supply
fuel scheduling for the start. The inverter is required to supply AC
power for the OlL PRESS indicating system.

START position: With the thrust lever at CUTOFF and the BATTERY
switches On, DC power from the L and R IGN & START circuit break-
ers is applied to the left and right START-GEN switches. When a
START-GEN switch is set to START, DC power from the correspond-
ing IGN & START circuit breaker is applied to close the correspond-
ing starter relay, activate the corresponding standby pump, and shut-
down the cooling and auxiliary heating (if installed) systems. When
the starter relay closes, the starter will begin to spool the engine and
the START light will illuminate. When the corresponding thrust lever
is moved from CUTOFF to IDLE, switches in the throttle quadrant
will dose and activate the ignition system When Turbine Speed (N2)
reaches approximately 45%, a speed sensor in the starter/generator
will cause power to be removed from the starter relay (starter will be
deenergized and the START light will extinguish) and discontinue ig-
nition (IGNITION light will extinguish).
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

GEN position : During the engine start sequence, when engine RPM
reaches idle speed, the START-GEN switch should be set to GEN.
When GEN is selected, the corresponding standby pump will shut
down, and the corresponding generation circuits will be activated.
The generator will not come on line with a GPU connected. Addition-
ally, the cooling and auxiliary heating (if installed) systems, and stabi-
lizer heat system cutout relays will be reset. The generation circuits
activate and control the corresponding generator through the genera-
tor control unit .

START LIGHTS

Amber lights adjacent to each START-GEN switch are installed to in-

dicate starter operation. The corresponding light will be illuminated
whenever the associated starter is energized.

GEN RESET BUTTONS

The GEN RESET buttons are located on the pilot's switch panel adja-
cent to the START-GEN switches. Should a generator exceed 31 volts
output, the corresponding generator control unit will deenergize the
affected generator field circuit and open the generator relay isolating
the generator from the respective generator bus. Momentarily de-
pressing the applicable GEN RESET button will reset the generatorby
closing the affected generator field circuit and closing the generator
relay. The GEN RESET buttons have no effect with the corresponding
START-GEN switch OFF or the corresponding IGN START and/or
GEN circuit breakeropen.

GEN LIGHTS

Amber L GIN and R GEN annunciator lights are installed in the

glareshield annunciator panel. The lights are controlled by the corre-
sponding generator control circuits and will illuminate whenever the
corresponding generator has failed or is off the line due to an under
voltage or overvoltage condition. The light will also illuminate when-
ever the corresponding START-GEN switch is in either START or
OFF and at least one BATTERY switch is On .
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Learjet 31A Pilots Manual

CUR UM LIGHT

The red CUR LIM annunciator light, on the glareshield annunciator

panel, is installed to indicate the continuity of the 275-amp current
limiters . The 275-amp current limiters connect the battery charging
bus to the generator buses. Failure of both 275-amp current fin-titers
will cause the equipment connected to the battery charging bus to be
powered from the ship's batteries only. The light is illuminated by
sensors wired across the current limiter terminals. A failure of either
current limiter will cause the respective sensor to illuminate the CUR
LIM light.

DC CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The aircraft DC electrical circuits are protected by push-to-reset, ther-

mal-type circuit breakers. Most AC and DC circuit breakers are locat-
ed on the pilot's and copilot's circuit breaker panels. Several circuit
breakers, which service interior items (READING LTS, TOILET, GAL-
LEY, STEREO), are installed in an overhead panel between the two
crew members. The L and R DC BUS 1, DC BUS 2, and DC BUS 3 bus-
es may be interconnected through the DC BUS 1 TIE, DC BUS 2 TIE,
and DC BUS 3 TIE circuit breaker/switches on the copilot's circuit
breaker panel. Normally the L and R DC buses are not tied together.
If it is desired to tie a L DC BUS and R DC BUS together, the appro-
priate DC BUS TIE circuit breaker/switch must be in the up (closed)
position The DC BUS 1 circuit breaker on each circuit breaker panel
controls power to the associated DC BUS 1 bus through control re-
lays. Circuit breakers are grouped together into system types (e.g.
ELECTRICAL, LIGHTS, AVIONICS). Power to operate the emergen-
cy bus system is supplied from the batteries through the respective
EMER BUS CONT circuit breaker (see figure 44).

BATTERY OVERHEAT WARNING SYSTEM

On aircraft equipped with nickel-cadmium batteries, a battery over-

heat warning system is installed to warn the operator of an impend-
ing battery overheat condition. The system consists of two thermo-
switches installed in each battery, a temperature sensor in each
battery, two overheat warning lights, a temperature indicator, and as-
sociated aircraft wiring .
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

BAT 140 AND BAT 160 LIGHTS

The red BAT 140 and BAT 160 warning lights on the glareshield annun-
ciator panel are installed to warn the pilot that a battery is overheating.
The lights are operated by thermoswitches installed in the battery links.
The BAT 140 light will illuminate in the event either battery reaches a
temperature of 140°F (60°C) . The BAT 160 light will illuminate in the
event either battery reaches a temperature of 160°F (71°C). Since both
BAT 140 thermoswitches and both BAT 160 thermoswitches are wired
together, the pilot must refer to the BAT TEMP indicator to determine
the malfunctioning battery.

BAT TEMP INDICATOR

The BAT TEMP indicator is a dual-reading, vertical-scale instrument

and is usually located in the copilot's instrument panel. The indicator
face consists of a center scale marked from 50°F to 200°F in 25°F incre-
ments and two pointers on opposite margins of the scale. The pointer
indicating left (#1) battery temperature is on the left margin and the
pointer indicating right (#2) battery temperature is on the right margin .
Each pointer is operated by a temperature sensor installed in the corre-
sponding battery cell links. Electrical power to the indicator is 28 VDC
supplied through the 1-amp BAT TEMP circuit breaker on the pilot's
circuit breaker panel.

EXTERNAL POWER RECEPTACLE

External power may be connected to the aircraft DC electrical distribu-

tion system through a standard receptacle located on the left fuselage
adjacent to the tailcone access door. To start an engine or operate air-
craft systems using external power at least one BATTERY switch must
be in the On position; however, the generators will not come on-line
with a GPU connected. External power overvoltage protection circuits
will open the external power relay and disconnect external power from
the aircraft DC distribution system in the event the external power
source exceeds approximately 33 volts . Ground power unit amperage,
must be limited to a maximum of 1000 amps.

4-10 PM-121
Change 3
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Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

AC POWER DISTRIBUTION
*Aircraft 31-035 fihru 31-060,31-062 thru 31-065

Electrical power for aircraft and avionics systems requiring AC cur-

rent is supplied through two 115-volt, 400-Hz, 1000 VA solid-state in-
verters. During normal operation, the left and right inverter output
voltages are applied to the left and right AC buses respectively. The
left and right AC buses may be interconnected through the 10-amp
AC BUS TIE circuit breaker/switch on the copilot's circuit breaker
panel. An optional auxiliary (third) inverter may be installed. The
auxiliary inverter (if installed) output voltage may be applied to ei-
ther the left or right AC bus. The normal operating configuration is:
1) L and R AC buses are separated (AC BUS TIE Open); 2) L and R in-
verters are On, 3) auxiliary inverter (if installed) is Off. The auxiliary
inverter is used as a standby unit in case the left or right inverter mal-
functions. Each AC bus is intended to be powered by only one invert-
er. Therefore, the AC BUS TIE switch should only be closed after re-
moving power from one of the buses and setting the respective
INVERTER switch to OFF. Also, the auxiliary inverter (if installed)
should only be switched into an AC bus after setting the applicable
INVERTER switch to OFF. The inverter interlock box will not allow
two operating inverters to connect to one bus. Likewise, if the L and R
AC buses are powered up and the AC BUS TIE is then closed, the in-
terlock box does not allow the two buses to tie together. A phase lock
box keeps the output of each inverter in-phase. Each inverter also has
a separate 163-volt output which is used to power the windshield de-
fog system . Input power to operate the left and right inverters is 28
VDC supplied from the left and right generator buses respectively. In-
put power for the auxiliary inverter is supplied from the battery
charging bus.
Overload sensors are installed for each inverter to protect the asso-
ciated inverter from damage due to an overload . Basically, each over-
load sensor is a 60-amp, thermal-type circuit breaker, mechanically
connected to a switch. Should an overload condition occur, the circuit
breaker will reposition the switch to de-energize the power relay
thereby removing DC input power to the affected inverter . Addition-
ally, the switch will apply a ground to trip the affected inverter's con-
trol circuit breaker. When the overload sensor circuit breaker cools,
the switch will reset; however, the power relay will not energize due
to the open control circuit breaker. After the malfunction has been
corrected and the affected inverter control circuit breaker has been re-
set, the power relay will energize and the affected inverter will come
back on line.
Autotransformers are installed to provide power for aircraft and avi-
onic systems requiring 26 VAC. The autotransformers are supplied
115 VAC through the respective 2-amp 26 VAC BUS circuit breaker
on the pilot's or copilot's circuit breaker panels.
PM-121 4-13
Change 2
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

*Aircraft 31-061, 31-066 & subsequent

Electrical power for aircraft and avionics systems requiring AC power
is supplied through two 115-volt, 400 Hz, 1500 VA, solid state invert-
ers. During normal operation, the left and right inverter output volt-
ages are applied to the left and right AC buses respectively. The left
and right AC buses may be interconnected through the 15-amp AC
BUS TIE circuit breaker/switch on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.
Each AC bus is intended to be powered by only one inverter. There-
fore, the AC BUS TIE switch should only be closed after removing
power from one of the buses and setting the respective INVERTER
switch to OFF. If the L and R AC buses are powered up and the AC
BUS TIE is then closed, a relay located in the copilot's circuit breaker
panel does not allow the two buses to tie together . A phase lock func-
tion within the right inverter keeps the output of each inverter in-
phase. Each inverter also has a separate 163-volt output which is used
to power the windshield defog system, Power for aircraft and avionic
systems requiring 26-volt input is provided by each inverter through
the inverter interlock box to each corresponding 26 VAC bus. Input
power to operate the left and right inverters is 28 VDC supplied from
the left and right generator buses respectively.
Overload sensors are installed for each inverter to protect the asso-
ciated inverter from damage due to an overload . Basically, each over-
load sensor is an 80-amp, thermal-type circuit breaker, mechanically
connected to a switch. Should an overload condition occur, the circuit
breaker will reposition the switch to de-energize the power relay,
thereby removing DC input power to the affected inverter. Addition-
ally, the switch will apply a ground to trip the affected inverters con-
trol circuit breaker. When the overload sensor circuit breaker cools,
the switch will reset; however, the power relay will not energize due
to the open control circuit breaker. After the malfunction has been
corrected and the affected inverter control circuit breaker has been re-
set, the power relay will energize and the affected inverter will come
back on line .
INVERTER SWITCHES
Left and Right Inverters. Operation of the left and right inverters is
controlled through the two INVERTER switches on the pilot's switch
panel. The switch controlling the left inverter is labeled L-OFF and
the switch controlling the right inverter is labeled R-OFF. When either
switch is moved to the On (L or R) position, the associated power re-
lay is energized to supply input power to the associated inverter . The
inverter control circuits operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 2-
amp L INV and R INV circuit breakers on the pilot's and copilot's cir-
cuit breaker panels respectively.

4-14 PM-121
Change 2
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual
Auxiliary Inverter (if installed): Operation of the auxiliary inverter (if
installed) is controlled through the AUX INV switch on the pilot's
switch panel. The switch has three positions : L, R, and OFF. When the
switch is set to L or R, the auxiliary inverter power relay will be ener-
gized to supply input power to the inverter. Inverter 115 VAC output
will be directed to the L AC BUS or R AC BUS through the inverter in-
terlock box and the LAUX AC BUS or R AUX AC BUS circuit breaker
depending upon whether L or R was selected. The auxiliary inverter
control circuits operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 2-amp AUX
INV circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.

AC CIRCUIT BREAKERS

The aircraft AC electrical circuits are protected by push-to-reset mag-

netic-type circuit breakers. Aircraft 31-035 thru 31-060, 31-062 thm 31-
065, AC circuit breakers are denoted by a white ring on the panel over-
lay. Aircraft 31-061, 31-066 and subsequent, white rings on the overlay de-
note AC circuit breakers not on the EMER BUS, and segmented red/
white rings on the overlay denote AC circuit breakers on the EMER
BUS. The copilot's circuit breaker panel also contains the AC BUS TIE
circuit breaker/switch which is used to tie the LAC BUS and R AC BUS
together in the abnormal situation of single inverter operation. Circuit
breakers are grouped together into system types (e.g. ELECTRICAL,
LIGHTS, AVIONICS).

ELECTRIC POWER MONITOR

An electric power monitor is installed on the pilot's instrument panel
to monitor left and right AC bus voltage, left and right DC generator
load, and the DC charging bus voltage. Digital displays are used for
voltage and amperage readouts . Each parameter being monitored is di-
vided into Normal, Caution and Warning ranges . Refer to airplane
Flight Manual for instrument range description. Whenever any param-
eter goes from the normal range to the caution range, the indicator's
amber light and affected parameter will flash. If the parameter
progresses into the warning range, the indicator's red light and affected
parameter will flash. The amber ELEC PWR light (annunciator panel)
will illuminate (steady or flashing) anytime an amber or red light on the
indicator is illuminated (steady or flashing). Whenever any parameter
goes into the warning range, the MSTR WARN lights will flash. De-
pressing the amber or red light, as applicable, will cause the lights and
displays to stop flashing. Depressing either MSTR WARN light will
cancel the flashing of red warnings, the affected parameter, and the am-
ber ELEC PWR light. The amber or red light will remain illuminated
(steady) until the affected parameter returns to the normal range. Cau-
PM-121 4-15
Change 3
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A
tion and warning annunciations are inhibited during starter engage-
ment.

A malfunction which affects the accuracy of the indicator will cause

EE.E to be displayed in the VDC readout and dashes "-" in all other
readouts .

Whenever the left and right inverters are out-of-phase, a "C" will flash
in the least significant digit of each VAC display.

The electric power monitor is operative during EMER BUS mode.

EMERGENCY BUS SYSTEM

An emergency bus system is installed to provide 28 VDC,115 VAC, and
26 VAC to selected systems in the event of a dual generator system fail-
ure or to quickly de-energize and isolate all nonessential equipment in
the event of electrical smoke or fire. The system uses the aircraft's bat-
teries to supply DC power to the DC equipment on the emergency bus
and uses the left inverter to provide AC power to AC equipment on the
emergency bus. Aircraft 31-035 thru 31-065, except 31-061, AC and DC
emergency bus circuit breakers are denoted by a red collar. Aircraft 31-
061, 31-066 and subsequent, AC emergency bus circuit breakers are de-
noted by segmented red/white rings on the overlay and DC circuit
breakers are denoted by red rings on the overlay. The EM BUS TIE is
located on the copilot's circuit breaker panel. The emergency bus sys-
tem control circuits operate on 28 VDC supplied by the batteries
through the EMER BUS CONT circuit breakers in the pilot's and copi-
lot's circuit breaker panel.

416 PM-121
Change 3
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

L EMERGENCY BUS
FLOOD LTS t AHS 2'
L 26 VAC t (31-035 thru 31-060, STBY HSI '
31-062 thru 31-065) EMER BAT 2
EL PWR MON R FIRE DET
L INV R FIRE EXT
EMER BAT 1 R IGN
L FIRE DET R FW SOV
L FIRE EXT R JET PUMP-XFR VAL
L IGN XFLO VALVE
L FW SOV FUEL QTY
L JET PUMP-XFR VAL AHS 2
PILOT A/S STBY HS I
PILOT ALTM VSI WARN LTS
ADC 1 SEC PITCH TRIM
WARN LTS FLAPS
PRI PITCH TRIM SPOILER
L STALL WARN R STALL WARN
WHEEL MASTER TRIM-FLAP IND
L ITT WARN HORNS
L PILOT HT GEAR
L BLEED AIR R ITT
L EMER PRESS R PILOT HT
L AUDIO R BLEED AIR
COMM 1 R EMER PRESS
NAV 1 R AUDIO
ADF 1

' 26 VAC
t 115 VAC

NOTE: Circuit Breakers on Battery Buses are powered regardless of EMER BUS
Switch position . Also, loads powered by the emergency batteries will operate regard-
less of EMER BUS Switch position (refer to EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM) .

PM-121 4-17
Change 3
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

EMER BUS SWITCH

The EMER BUS switch on the pilot's switch panel is used to select the
power source for the emergency buses. The switch has two positions-
EMER BUS and NORMAL.
When the EMER BUS switch is in the NORMAL position, the emergen-
cy bus system relays will be deenergized and equipment on the emer-
gency buses will be powered from the normal electrical system . DC
equipment on the emergency buses will be powered through the asso-
ciated DC BUS 1. AC equipment on the emergency bus will be powered
through the L AC bus and R 26 VAC bus. When the switch is in the
EMER BUS position, the battery relays will be deenergized, the emer-
gency bus system relays will be energized, and equipment on the emer-
gency buses will be powered through the emergency bus system . When
the battery relays are deenergized, the aircraft batteries are completely
isolated from the battery charging bus and the normal DC power dis-
tribution system . When EMER BUS is selected electrical power will be
distributed as follows:
1. DC power for the primary pitch trim motor will be switched
from the battery charging bus to the LH (#1) aircraft battery.
2. DC power for the auxiliary hydraulic pump will be switched
from the battery charging bus to the RH (#2) aircraft battery.
3. DC powered equipment on the emergency buses will be
switched from the associated DC BUS 1 to the aircraft batteries.
4. The LH Inverter is on the DC EMER BUS and provides 115 VAC
to the AC EMER BUS. On aircraft 31-035 thru 31-060,31-062 thru
31-065, 115 VAC is supplied to the LH 26 VAC transformer and
26 VAC output from the transformer will be applied to the
appropriate circuit breakers. On aircraft 31-061, 31-066 & subse-
quent, 26 VAC output from the LH inverter is applied to the
appropriate circuit breakers.
5. The DC voltmeter will display the voltage of both batteries (EM
BUS TIE must be closed).
NOTE: The conditions just described assume that both
BATTERY switches are in the On position.
If only the BATTERY 1 switch is On, the auxiliary
hydraulic pump will not be available and the DC
voltmeter will display the voltage of the LH (#1)
battery. All other conditions will be as described.
If only the BATTERY 2 switch is On, Primary
Pitch Trim will not be available and the DC volt-
meter will display the voltage of the RH (#2) bat-
tery. All other conditions will be as described.
418 PM-121
Change 3
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Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

AVIONICS POWER SYSTEM

An avionics power system is installed to allow selected DC powered
avionics systems to be powered up through the use of two master
switches. The system consists of a LEFT MASTER and RIGHT MAS-
TER switch, and two control relays. The control relays operate on 28
VDC supplied through the corresponding 1-amp AV MASTER circuit
breaker in the associated circuit breaker panel. The AVIONICS MAS-
TER switches have no effect when EMER BUS is selected and the gen-
erators are off-line .
AVIONICS MASTER SWITCH

The LEFT MASTER switch is installed in the pilot's switch panel and
the RIGHT MASTER switch is installed in the copilot's switch panel.
These two switches allow the crew to turn certain avionic equipment
off and on without using the individual systems' switches .

Refer to the Airplane Flight Manual for a listing of equipment con-

trolled by the MASTER switches. The actual equipment affected may
vary with customized wiring options.

EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM

The aircraft is equipped with an emergency power system to supply
electrical power to selected equipment in the event of a normal electri-
cal power system failure. Power for the emergency power system is
supplied by two emergency power units located in the nose avionics
compartment. Each emergency power unit contains a 12-cell lead-acid
battery to provide electrical power. The emergency power supply bat-
teries are trickle charged from the aircraft normal electrical system
through the 7.5-amp EMER BAT circuit breakers on the pilot's and co-
pilot's circuit breaker panel.
The emergency power system will provide electrical power for the
standby attitude gyro, fan speed (N1) indicators, landing gear position
lights, and selected instrument lights (standby attitude gyro, N1 indica-
tors, standby airspeed indicator, standby altimeter, standby HSI and
magnetic compass) . Operating times of equipment powered by EMER
BAT 1 power supply is presented in the Airplane Flight Manual. The
EMER BAT 2 power supply provides 2 - 11 minutes of backup power
for the Attitude Heading Reference System (AHS 1 & 2). The system is
controlled through the EMER BAT 1 and EMER BAT 2 switches on the
pilot's switch panel. An amber EMR PWR 1 and EMR PWR 2 annunci-
ator on the center instrument panel will illuminate whenever electrical
power from the associated emergency power supply is being used .

PM-121 4-21
Change 3
Pilots :Manual Learjet 31A
EMER BAT SWITCH

The EMER BAT switches have two positions: On (EMER BAT 1 or 2)

and OFF. With the switch in the On position, electrical power from the
emergency power supply is applied to the standby attitude gyro and
additional power for other systems is not used because 28 VDC from
the normal electrical system is balanced against it. In the event of a fail-
ure of the normal electrical svstem, the balanced condition is removed
and electrical power from the emergency power supplies will illumi-
nate the EMR PWR annunciators, operate the Fan Speed (N1) indica-
tors, landing gear position lights, selected instrument lights (standby
attitude gyro, N1 indicators, standby airspeed indicator, standby altim-
eter, standby HSI and magnetic compass), and AHS 1 & 2.

EXTERIOR LIGHTING
LANDING/TAXI LIGHTS

A landing/taxi light is installed on each main landing gear. The lights

are controlled by the LDG LT switches on the center switch panel. The
LDG LT switches have three positions: On (L and R), TAXI, and OFF
The landing light control circuits are wired through the main gear
down-and-locked switches; therefore, the landing lights are inopera-
tive when the landing gear is not down and locked. When the LDG IT
switches are placed in the On position, control circuits apply full 28
VDC to the landing lights and the lights will illuminate full bright.
When the LDG IT switches are in the TAXI position, resistors shunt the
lamp input power to 21 VDC and the lights are dimmed. In order to ex-
tend the service life of the lamps, it is recommended that the lights be
used as sparingly as possible in the LDG IT mode. The lamps are sup-
plied electrical power through 20-amp current limiters. The control cir-
cuits operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5-amp L and R LDG -
TAXI LT circuit breakers on the pilot's and copilot's circuit breaker pan-
els respectively.
Some aircraft are equipped with a pulsating landing light option which
is used in conjunction with the pulsating recognition light. On these air-
craft, a pulse controller unit controls the landing lights by delivering
pulsating DC current at approximately 45 cycles per minute. The effect
of this pulsating current is to cause the bulb's brightness to continually
vary between approximately 40% and 100% of full bright. The pulsat-
ing feature is activated when the RECOG light switch is set to the
PULSE position, the applicable LDG LT switch is OFF and. the landing
gear is down and locked. When the LDG LT switch is positioned to On
or TAXI, the landing/taxi fights will illuminate steadily.
4-22 - PM-121
Change 3
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

NAVIGATION LIGHTS

Navigation lights are installed in the forward portion of the wing tips
and in the vertical stabilizer aft bullet . The lights are controlled through
the NAV switch in the LIGHTS group on thecenter switch panel. When
the NAV light switch is placed in the On (NAV) position, thenavigation
lights will illuminate. Additionally, setting the NAV light switch to On
(NAV) automatically dims most instrument panel avionics annuncia-
tors as well as the LANDING GEAR panel lights, EFIS CONTROL re-
versionary mode lights, and most instrument panel and pedestal
.peanut" lights . Electrical power for the navigation lights is 28 VDC
supplied through the two 5-amp current limiters connected to the bat-
tery charging bus. Electrical power for the control circuit is 28 VDC
supplied through the 5-amp NAV LTS circuit breaker on the pilot's cir-
cuit breaker panel.
ANTI-COLUSION (BEACON) LIGHTS

AIRCRAFT WITH OSCILLATING BEACONS

On aircraft 31-035 thru 31-088 not incorporating SB 31-33-7 "Installation of

Solid-State Anti-Collision Light Assemblies", dualbulb anti-collision
lights are mounted on top of the vertical stabilizer and on thebottom of
the fuselage. The tandem mounted bulbs oscillate approximately 180°
at 45 cycles per minute. The beam is concentrated by an integral lens
that produces an illusionof 90 flashes per minute due to the oscillating.
The fights are controlled through the BCN/STROB light switch in the
LIGHTS group on the center switch panel. Whenever the switch is set
to BCN or BCN/STROB, the anti-collision (beacon) lights will operate.
The fights operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5-amp BCN LTS
circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.

AIRCRAFT WITH SOLID-STATE BEACONS

On aircraft 31-089 thru 31-173 and prior aircraft incorporating SB 31-33-7

"Installation of Solid-State Anti-Collision Light Assemblies", single-bulb,
solid-state, anti-collision fights are mounted on top of the vertical sta-
bilizer and on the bottom of the fuselage. The beacons on the bottom of
the fuselage and the top of the vertical tail flash alternately 45 to 55
flashes per minute per beacon. The fights are controlled through the
BCN/STROB light switch in the LIGHTS group on the center switch
panel. Whenever the switch is set to BCN or BCN/STROB, the anti-col-
lision (beacon) lights will operate. Each light has its own self-contained
power source . The lights operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5-
amp BCN LTS circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A
On aircraft 31-174 and subsequent, a solid-state, red lens, single-bulb,
anti-collision light is mounted on top of the vertical stabilizer. On the
bottom of the fuselage is a dual-purpose anti-collision light that incor-
porates two flashtubes -one with an aviation red lens and one with a
clear lens. The anti-collision lights are controlled through the BCN/
STROBE light switch in the LIGHTS group on the center switch panel.
When the switch is placed in the BCN/STROBE position, the red lens
beacon light on the bottom fuselage and the red lens beacon light on the
vertical stabilizer will flash if the aircraft's weight is on the wheels.
When the aircraft's weight is off the wheels, only the upper beacon will
flash. When the switch is placed in the BCN position, the red lens bea-
con light on the bottom fuselage will flash whether or not the aircraft's
weight is on the wheels. On aircraft incorporating SB 31-33-12, Modifeca-
tion of Strobe Light Switch, when the BCN/STROBE switch is in the
STROBE position the upper beacon will operate regardless of weight
on wheels. When the BCN/STROBE switch is in the BCN position, both
beacons will flash_ The beacon light on the top of the vertical stabilizer
will flash in either switch position at a rate of45 to 55 flashesper minute
independent of the beacon/strobe light on the bottom fuselage, which
flashes at a rate of approximately 50 flashes per minute . The anti-colli-
sion lights mounted on top of the vertical stabilizer and on the bottom
of the fuselage operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5 amp BCN
LTS circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.

STROBE LIGHTS

On aircraft 31-035 thru 31-173, strobe lights are installed on the outboard
side of each winglet and in the vertical stabilizer aft bullet. The strobe
system consists of lamps, a power supply unit for each light, and the
BCN/STROB light switch in the LIGHTS group on the center switch
panel. When the switch is set to BCN/STROB, all strobes will flash.
Each light will flash at a rate of approximately 50 pulses per minute.
Electrical power to the system is supplied through the 7.5-amp
STROBE US circuit breaker on the pilot's circuit breaker panel.
On aircraft 31-174 and subsequent, clear lens strobe lights are installed on
the vertical stabilizer aft bullet and as a component of the dual purpose
anti-collision light mounted on the bottom of the fuselage . The strobe
system consists of lamps, a power supply unit, and the BCN/STROBE
light switch in the LIGHTS group on the center switch panel. When the
BCN/STROBE light switch is set to BCN/STROBE, and the aircraft's
weight is not on the wheels, both strobe lights will flash. When the clear
lens strobe lights are not desired in flight, the switch must be set to BCN
or OFF On aircraft incorporating SB 31-33-12, Modification ofStrobe Light
Switch, when the BCN/STROBE light switch is set to STROBE, both
strobes will operate regardless of weight on wheels. When the clear

4-24 PM-121
Change 4
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

lens strobe lights arenot desired in flight, the switch must be set to BCN
or OFF The bottom fuselage strobe light and the vertical stabilizer aft
bullet strobe light operates on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5 amp
STROBE ITS circuit breaker on the pilot's circuit breaker panel. Each
light will independently flash at a rate of approximately 50 pulses per
minute.
RECOGNITION LIGHT

A recognition light is installed on the upper leading edge of the vertical

stabilizer. The light is controlled through the RECOG light switch in the
LIGHTS group on the center switch panel. When the switch is placed
in the On (RECOG) position, control circuits apply full 28 VDC from the
battery charging bus to illuminate the light. For greatest lamp life, it is
recommended that the recognition light be turned OFF at altitudes of
18,000 feet or above . Electrical power for the recognition light is28 VDC
supplied through a 20-amp current limiter connected to the battery
charging bus. The control circuits operate on 28 VDC supplied through
the 7.5-amp RECOG LT circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker
panel.
Some aircraft are equipped with a pulsating recognition light option.
On these aircraft, the RECOG light switch has a middle position la-
belled PULSE and a pulse controller unit . When the switch is placed in
the PULSE position, 28 VDC from the PULSE/RECOG LTcircuit break-
er is applied to the pulse controller unit which in turn lights the recog-
nition light by delivering pulsating DC current at approximately 45
cycles per minute . The effect of this pulsating current is to cause the
bulb's brightness to continually vary between approximately 40% and
100% of full bright. This feature results in enhanced aircraft recognition
and improved bulb life. Also, the landing lights will pulse alternately
with the recognition light if the landing gear is down and locked and
the LDG IT switches are OFF On aircraft with a pulsating recognition
light, a 7.5-amp PULSE/RECOG IT circuit breaker on the copilot's cir-
cuit breaker panel supplies 28 VDC to the pulse controller unit.
WING INSPECTION LIGHT
For a description of the wing inspection light, refer to ANTI-ICE AND
ENVIRONMENTAL.
 Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

COCKPIT LIGHTING
INSTRUMENT PANEL FLOODLIGHTS

A cold-cathode, fluorescent light is installed in the glareshield assem-

bly to provide flood illumination of the instrument panel. Electrical
power to operate the light is 600 VAC supplied through a power supply
unit. The light is controlled and dimmed through the FLOOD rheostat
switch on the pilot's dimmer panel. Electrical power to the power sup-
ply unit is 115 VAC supplied through the 2-amp FLOOD LTS circuit
breaker on the pilot's circuit breaker panel. Instrument panel flood-
lights are operative during EMER BUS mode.

INSTRUMENT LIGHTS

Incandescent lighting is installed for the pilot's indicators, copilot's in-

dicators, center instrument panel indicators, pedestal indicators, and
magnetic compass. The lights are powered by 5 VDC supplied by three
power supply units. Electrical power to the power supply units is 28
VDC supplied through the 7.5-amp INSTR LTS circuit breakers on the
pilot's and copilot's circuit breaker panels. The lights are controlled and
dimmed by the INSTR rheostat switch on the pilot's dimmer panel and
the PEDESTAL and INSTR rheostat switches on the copilot's dimmer
panels .
Pilot's INSTR dimmer switch : The pilot's INSTR dimmer switch pro-
vides dimming for the engine instruments, R ENG indicator, EMERG
AIR pressure indicator, HYD PRESS indicator, FLAP indicator, WING
TEMP indicator, anti-skid panel, electric power monitor, autopilot con-
troller, pilot's angle-of-attack indicator, pilot's flight instruments, and
magnetic compass.
Copilot's INSTR dimmer switch: The copilot's INSTR dimmer switch
provides dimming for the TEMP CONT indicator, CABIN TEMP indi-
cator, copilot's angle-of-attack indicator, copilot's flight instruments.
avionics in the center instrument panel, standby attitude gyro, standby
airspeed indicator, standby altimeter, and pressurization instruments.
Copilot's PEDESTAL dimmer switch: The PEDESTAL dimmer switch
on the copilot's dimmer panel provides dimming for the panels and
avionics installed in the pedestal.

SWITCH PANEL LIGHTING

Electroluminescent panel lighting is provided for the pilot's and copi-

lot's switch panels, audio control panels, the center switch panel, sys-
tem test switch panel, anti-skid panel, circuit breaker panels, pilot's and
copilot's dimmer panels, landing gear control panel, pressurization
PM-121 425
Change 3
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

module and oxygen control panel . The panels are supplied 115 VAC
through the 2-amp EL US circuit breakers on the pilot's and copilot's
circuit breaker panels. The lights are controlled and dimmed through
the EL PNL rheostat switches on the pilot's and copilot's dimmer pan-
els.
Pilot's EL PNL dimmer switch : The pilot's EL PNL dimmer switch
controls the electroluminescent lighting of the pilot's switch panels, the
center switch panel, the anti-skid panel, the system test switch panel,
the pilot's audio control panel, the oxygen control panel, the pilot's
dimmer panel and the pilot's circuit breaker panel . On aircraft 31-119
and subsequent, a separate CB PNL dimmer switch controls the elec-
troluminescent lighting for the pilot's circuit breaker panel.
Copilot's EL PNL dimmer switch: The copilot's EL PNL dimmer
switch controls the electroluminescent lighting of the copilot's switch
panel, the copilot's audio control panel, the landing gear control panel,
the pressurization module, the copilot's dimmer panel and the copilot's
circuit breaker panel . On aircraft 31-119 and subsequent, a separate CB
PNL dimmer switch controls the electroluminescent lighting for the co-
pilot's circuit breaker panel.
MAP READING LIGHTS

Map reading lights are located on the left and right cockpit sidewalls
above the circuit breaker panels. Each lamp is mounted on a flexible
conduit and is controlled by a rheostat switch located on the base of the
assembly. The lights operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 7.5-amp
INSTR LTS circuit breakers on the pilot's and copilot's circuit breaker
panels .

DOME LIGHTS

Dome lights are installed in the cockpit overhead panel. These lights
may be used to illuminate the entire cockpit area. The lights are con-
trolled by two separate electrical circuits. A rocker switch next to each
light has three positions ON-Off-REMOTE. The first electrical circuit
does not require a BATTERY switch to be "on". Placing the respective
dome light switch to REMOTE will enable the light to be illuminated
by setting the cabin entrance STEP light switch On. The light will be
supplied 28 VDC through the 5-amp ENTRY LTS circuit breaker on the
pilot's circuit breaker panel. The second electrical circuit requires a
BATTERY switch to be On. Placing the respective dome light switch to
ON will illuminate the selected dome light. The light will be supplied
28 VDC through the 2-amp CABIN LTS circuit breaker on the copilot's
circuit breaker panel.
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

An optional adjustable overhead dome light may be installed to allow

more light to be directed over the control wheels . Adjustments are
made by the BRT/DIM control knob located next to each ON-Off-RE-
MOTE switch.

PASSENGER COMPARTMENT LIGHTING

The passenger compartment lighting consists of cabin lights, table

lights, passenger reading lights, entry lights, cabin baggage compart-
ment lights, No Smoking/Fasten Seat Belt signs, and the refreshment
cabinet lights.

FLUORESCENT CABIN LIGHTS (IF INSTALLED)

Cabin lighting is provided by cold-cathode, fluorescent lighting re-

cessed in the cabin headliner. The lights are illuminated through a pow-
er supply unit which operates on 28 VDC supplied through the 2-amp
or 5-amp CABIN ITS circuit breaker (depending on aircraft configura-
tion) on the copilot's circuit breaker panel. Some cabin lighting controls
consist of rocker switches while others consist of membrane-type
switches.

The rocker switches, labeled FORWARD CABIN LIGHTS, CENTER

CABIN LIGHTS, and AFT CABIN LIGHTS, are located in the left ser-
vice cabinet near the entry door. Each rocker switch has three positions:
BRT, off, and DIM. The membrane-type switches are located in the left
service cabinet near the entry door, and in some aircraft, within the
armrest storage compartment. Each membrane-type switch has three
positions: push bright/dim/off .

During engine start, the lights should be turned off or operated at full
bright . In the event of cabin depressurization, the lights will automati-
cally illuminate full bright if the cabin altitude reaches approximately
14,000 feet .

TABLE LIGHTS

The incandescent table lights installed on all aircraft consist of two-

light assemblies installed on the headliner and include an integral, di-
rectionally-adjustable lens. Depending on interior configuration, some
table lights may be installed where no tables exist. Lighting control is
within the two-light assembly . Some aircraft use a push on/off switch
while others use a membrane-type switch. Each membrane-type switch
has three positions; push bright/dim/off .

PM-121 4-2:'
Change 3
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

Aircraft with non-fluorescent cabin lights utilize the table lights for cab-
in lighting. Cabin lighting controls are located in the left service cabinet
near the entry door, and in some aircraft, within the armrest storage
compartment . These controls operate the same as the individual mem-
brane-type switches except they will control the entire group of table
lights. If any one table light is on, pressing the cabin lighting control
switch will reset all table lights off.

The lights operate on 28 VDC supplied through the 5-amp TABLE ITS
circuit breaker located on the CABIN PWR BUS (overhead panel be-
tween the crew members). In the event of cabin depressurization, the
lights will automatically illuminate full bright if the cabin altitude
reaches approximately 14,000 feet .

PASSENGER READING LIGHTS

Passenger reading lights are installed in the convenience panels above

the seats on each side of the cabin. Each convenience panel consists of
an eyeball-type air outlet, reading lights, and a switch. Each light in-
cludes an integral, directionally-adjustable lens. The lights in some air-
craft are controlled through a push on/off switch while in others a
membrane-type switch is used. The membrane-type switch has three
positions : push bright/dim/off. Either switch is located in the conve-
nience panel . The lights operate on 28 VDC supplied through one of the
following circuit breakers (depending on aircraft configuration):

READING ITS This 7.5-amp or 10-amp circuit breaker is located on

the CABIN PWR BUS (overhead panel between the
crew members) .
or;

CABIN LTS This 5.0-amp circuit breaker is located on the copi-

lot's circuit breaker panel.

ENTRY LIGHT

Cabin entry door lights are installed in the cabinheadliner directly over
the door and in the left service cabinet to illuminate the lower door
steps. The lights in some aircraft are controlled through the STEP
LIGHT rocker switch while in others control is by a membrane-type
switch. Either control is located on the left service cabinet near the entry
door. The light's circuits are wired to the battery bus through the 5-amp
ENTRY LTS circuit breaker on the pilot's circuit breaker panel. There-
fore, the light is operable regardless of BATTERY switch position.
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

forward
cabin

center

I I,
cabin
fights I u
a
cabin
fights
a i L~~ -J' I
baggage
fights

I
II
Rocker Switches Membrane-Type Switches

Located near the entry door.

CABIN LIGHTING CONTROLS

Figure 4-7

PM-121 4-29
Change 3
Pilot's Manual Learjet 31A

BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LIGHT

Overhead lights are installed in the cabin baggage compartment to pro-
vide illumination of the compartment . The lights in some aircraft are
controlled through the AFT BAGGAGE LIGHTS rocker switch while in
others control is by a membrane-type switch. Either control is located
on the left service cabinet near the entry door. The lights' circuits are
wired to the battery bus through the 5-amp ENTRY ITS circuit breaker
on the pilot's circuitbreaker panel. Therefore, the lights are operable re-
gardless of BATTERY switch position.

NO SMOKING AND FASTEN SEAT BELT SIGNS

No smoking and fasten seat belt signs are installed in the cabin head-
liner immediately aft of the crew compartment and in the aft cabin.
When illuminated, the sign displays 'symbolic representations for no
smoking and fasten seat belts. Illumination of the sign is controlled
through the NO SMOMNG FASTEN SEAT BELT-OFF-FASTEN SEAT
BELT switch on the center switch panel. When the switch is set to NO
SMOKING FASTEN SEAT BELT, both symbols will illuminate. When
the switch is set to FASTEN SEAT BELT, only the fasten seatbelt symbol
will illuminate. Whenever the NO SMOKING FASTEN SEAT BELT
sign (either symbol) illumina tes, a tone is generated and sounds
through the cabin speakers . Electrical power to illuminate the signs is
28 VDC supplied through one of the following circuit breakers (de-
pending on aircraft configuration):

READING US This 7.5-amp or 10-amp circuit breaker is located on

the CABIN PWR BUS (overhead panel between the
crew members) .
or;

CABIN ITS This 5.0-amp circuit breaker is located on the copi-

lot's circuit breaker panel.

4-30 PM-121
Change 3
Learjet 31A Pilot's Manual

EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM (OPTIONAL) -

EARLY DESIGN

The emergency lighting system provides cabin and exit lighting in the
event of an electrical system failure. The system consists of two emer-
gency batteries, an upper cabin entry door light, an emergency egress
light, the cabin overhead fluorescent lights, two system switches, and
associated aircraft wiring . The batteries are charged through the 5-amp
EMER LTS circuit breaker on the copilot's circuit breaker panel.

EMER LIGHT SWITCH

The EMER LIGHT switch, installed on a panel in the pedestal, provides

the test function for the system and for automatic illumination of the
emergency lights in the event of an interruption of normal electrical
power. The switch has three positions: TEST, ARM, and DISARM. Set-
ting the switch to TEST simulates a failure of the normal electrical pow-
er system and illuminates the upper cabin entry door light, the
emergency egress light, and the cabin overhead fluorescent lights . Set-
ting the switch to ARM will arm the system to illuminate the emergen-
cy lights in the event of a failure of the normal electrical system. Setting
the switch to DISARM isolates the emergency lights from the emergen-
cy batteries. The switch should be set to ARM prior to takeoff. If the
switch is in the DISARM position and at least one BATTERY switch is
On, the amber light adjacent to the switch will illuminate to remind the
pilot that the switch should be set to ARM. The switch should be set to
DISARM prior to setting the BATTERY switches OFF

EMERGENCY LTS-NORM SWITCH

The EMERGENCY LTS-NORM switch on the left service cabinet near

the entry door provides for manual illumination of the emergency
lights . When the switch is set to EMERGENCY LTS, the upper cabin en-
try door light, the emergency egress door light, and the forward and aft
cabin overhead fluorescent lights will illuminate . Fornormal operation,
the switch should be set to NORM . Setting the switch to NORM does
not hinder automatic illumination of the emergency lights in the event
of an electrical system failure.

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EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM (OPTIONAL) -

LATE DESIGN

The emergency lighting system provides cabin and exit lighting in the
event of normal electrical system failure. The system consists of two
emergency batteries, an upper cabin entry door light, an emergency
wing egress light, an EMERGENCY EXIT LIGHTS control panel, and
associated wiring. The forward exit door light, left and right, fore and
aft passenger reading lights, the aisle proximity lights and wing egress
light are used to provide lighting for emergency egress. The batteries
are charged through the 10-amp EMER ITS circuit breaker located on
the copilot's circuit breaker panel. If armed, the system will automati-
cally activate whenever normal electrical power is lost. Therefore, the
system will automatically activate during the EMER BUS mode.

EMERGENCY EXIT LIGHTS CONTROL PANEL

The EMERGENCY EXIT LIGHTS control panel, in the cockpit pedestal,

provides control, testing, and indicating functions for the emergency
exit lighting system . The panel includes: one control switch (ON-
ARMED-OFF/RESET), one test switch, (TEST BAT 1-NORM-TEST
BAT 2), one white ON annunciator, and one amber NOT ARMED an-
nunciator.

CONTROL SWITCH
Functions of the control switch are shown in the following table:

Switch Position System Response

OFF/RESET The relays in both battery units will reset to off and all
emergency exit lighting will go out. Pressing the push
button switch in the cabin entry door will activate the
system while held . Upon release, the system will reset
to off.
ARMED Arms the system to automatically activate should nor-
mal electrical power be lost . Selecting ARMED prior
to powering up the aircraft will cause the system to
activate immediately. Pressing the push button switch
in the cabin door will manually activate the system .
ON To manually activate the system, hold switch momen-
tarily to ON and release. The switch will spring back
to the ARMED position and the system will remain
activated.

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TEST SWITCH

The test switch is a three-position switch spring loaded to the NORM

position . The test switch is used to verify that each battery unit is capa-
ble of powering all the emergency exit lighting by itself.

To test system:
1. Aircraft BATTERY Switches - On.
2. EMERGENCY EXIT LIGHTS Switch -ARMED.
3. TEST Switch - BAT 1 and hold . White ON annunciator illumi-
nates. Fore and aft reading lights, aisle proximity lights, and
door and wing egress lights illuminate .
4. TEST Switch -BAT 2 and hold . White ON annunciator illumi-
nates. Fore and aft reading lights, aisle proximity lights, and
door and wing egress lights illuminate.
5. TEST Switch - Release to NORM . Emergency exit lighting
resets to off and ON annunciator extinguishes.

ANNUNCIATORS

Description of the ON and NOT ARMED lights is shown in the follow-

ing table:

Annunciation MEANS
ON The emergency lights are illuminated either manually
(WHITE) or automatically. Also annunciates during test .

NOT ARMED The aircraft is powered up and the system is not

(AMBER) armed.

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MASTER WARNING AND ANNUNCIATOR PANEL LIGHTS

The master warning lights on the pilot's and copilot's instrument pan-
els and annunciator panel lights on the glareshield give a visual indica-
tion of various systems operating conditions . The annunciator panel
lights are green, amber, or red . The master warning lights are coupled
to the red warning lights on the annunciator panel and the red warning
light on the electric power monitor. If a red warning light on the annun-
ciator panel or electric power monitor comes on, the MSTR WARN
lights will light and flash. Depressing the MSTR WARN light lens will
extinguish the MSTR WARN light, but the specific red warning light
which triggered the MSTRWARN will remain lighted as long as the ab-
normal condition exists .