Types of Numbers

07-08-24

Concepts to Cover
&
1. Introduction to Numbers (Integers, Natural, Even, Odd etc) (1)
- -

&
-

2. Types of numbers (Prime and Composite) (1)

=
&

3. Factors and multiples (1)

X
4. Squares and cubes (1)
↑
5. Prime factorisation (1)
O
6. Square roots and Cube roots using prime factorisation (1)
&
7. Convert to Perfect Squares and Cubes (Finding the constant) (1)
&
8. Factors and multiples Using Prime factorisation (2)
9. Simplyfying surds (2)
10. Types of numbers (Rational and irrational (2)
-11. LCM and HCF (3)
g12. Finding LCM and HCF using Prime factorisation (3)
Integers
i
:

Neutral

Prime Numbers Numbers :

that have
only
two distinct ors 1s itself

2 3 5 7 11
,
, , ,

prime number
Only
even

Composite Numbers :
Numbers that have more than two distinct factors.
4, 6 ,8,9 10 . . .

Factors : Numbers that divide

leaving no remainder

3 is a factor of 6 GIF
12 is afactor of 4 TIE Multiple-Factor
16 8
is
Multiple of
a F

Multiples Numbers that be divided remainder

can
leaving no
:

Perfect square Square of

:
an
integer 4-20) squares
0, 1
,
4, 9 , 16 ,
...
25 (1-10) cubes

Note When
:
written as a
product of its prime factors all
,

even
powers are
Prime factorisation : Write a number as a
product of its prime factors

① ② ③ 64 =
26

)
2 60 272
30 36 - 24xs
:
236 ⑨
2 18
55 39 ⑤ 225 =
34x52
I 33
I
&

60-2x2x3x5 72 =
23x32
60-24x3x5

Examples
↓ (a) Write 72 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive value of k, such that 72k is a perfect square

a . 72 =
2x32 b
.
.
2 (a) Write 48 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 48k is a perfect square

a .
48 = 2xhx2x2x3 b.
48 =
24x3'x3
48 =
24x3 48K =
24x32 ⑮
⑤ (a) Write 216 as a product of its prime factors
(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 216k is a perfect square
-

3
a .
216 =
23x 6 .
216 = 23x36 4
k 2x3
=

216K =
2" x 3 k 6
=

④ (a) Write 24 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 24k is a perfect square

a .
24 = 2x3 b . 24+ 62x3 k = 2x3

24k =
24x52 k= 6
Perfect cubes : Cube of an
integer (Note :
When written as a product of its prime

factors ,
all powers are multiples of 3)

8 = 23 27 =
3 64-25216 2x3 :

Examples
.
1
(a) Write 72 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 72k is a perfect cube

a .
Th = 2x32 b .
72
72k
=

=
2x32)k
23x33
=
3

2.
(a) Write 48 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 48k is a perfect cube

4 G E
a .
48 = 2x3 48 = 24x3 %
6 3
k = 2x3
48k = 2x3 k= 4x9

k = 36

3
. (a) Write 24 as a product of its prime factors

(b) Find the smallest positive integer value of k, such that 24k is a perfect cube

24 2x3 24 23x3 2
=
=

23x33
3 k =3

24k =
k 9 =
 09-08-24
>
-

Factors & Multiples

① G factor of
# Hiehe
is a 24

② 18 is a factor of the &

xGx2x &x5

# - D

③D factor of 75 X
·
is a

12 is a factor of 75K
,
find the k = 2x2

smallest possible value of K ⑰

④ G fector of
-
is a 45X

Find the smallest

possible value of
R so that 6 is a factor of 45K

⑤ Find the smallest possible value of K R x & x & + &x3xk

so that 72k is a multiple of 48 & xRXRXGx&

&
32x11
n =8 8
-M
& HLF

LLM Lowest common :

multiple

Bell
A rings after every G Bell B
rings after & Bell C
everythree
3 mins
rings
mins
,

after every 5 Find the number of when all belb at

ring
mins .
mins once
.

A : 2 4 6 , 8,
, ,
10
, . ...
12, 14 22 ,
3, 5

B :
3 6, 9, 12 ... ⑳
15 31 3 5
, ,
, ,

:
C 5
,
10
,
15 ,
20
,
,
250 51 , 1 , 5 LCM 2x315
= , 30

1, 1 I
,

#. C F . :

Highest common factor

a .
18 & 24 b .
824 , 72
33 , 9
2 18, 24 Stop ! 1, 3

39 , 12

Stop ! 3 4
,

H L F 2 x3
.
-
= = 6 H CF 24 -

C240 360
,

i .
LLM =
+20 240 = 24x3x5 360 -
23x32x5
ii HCF = 140 LCM = 24 x 32x5' Higher equal power
or

HCF-23x3
I

x5 Lower or
equal power

64 =
23x38 72 =
23x32
LC M.

= 2x32
HCF =
2
-
 xz

2x7" =
98

98

=> 72 =
24x7 = 4x7 28
=

divided
Square root Powers
:

get by
2
.
Cube root divided
by
Powers
:

get
28

22 x 31 = 4x3
⑫

m ,
2 x k= 2x32x5

Mxk =
23x 33x53
98
 12-08-24

>
- Rational & Irrational Numbers

Rational Numbers : Numbers that can be written as an

integer or a fraction
of two
integers # ,
g 0

① Whole Numbers/ Integers

②
Terminating decimals 0 3 =
0 325
32
. .

③
Recurring decimals 0 33 or 0
31
.
.

0 .
56 or 0 .

6-a
Irrational numbers Numbers that cannot
: be
expressed as a fraction of two
integers .

value
A Approximate

Examples : ↑
,
E 5 , 55 , 5
,
. . .

↓ b

Fanta T

5 5, F ,
8
,

t
No , M M J
⑮3
...

A
 -

&
E 5
,
2

Simplifying sords

t
① = 22 How ?? 2 8

2 4

22 -
25 2 2
&
② -23
-

- 25
m
I
si
&

③
No 48 2x2x2x
-

①
&
6 a a
⑤

45
Mar

5
i ·
I

① u2xx2x3
&
45
 q43

⑯
-
6
A

·
3 2 &

23x32x5 22x33x50

LLM-2x33x5
[ HLF-22x32
Worksheet 1 (Non-Calculator)

1. W18/qp11/q8 4024
(a) Write down an irrational number which has a value between 4 and 5. [1]
(b) Kofi is using number cards to form a 5-digit number. His number is a multiple of 8. Complete

&
the final digit of his number. [1]

2. W19/qp12/q3 4024

From this list of numbers, write down

(a) a prime number, [1]
(b) a square number, [1]
(c) an irrational number.
[1]

3. S20/qp23/q1 0580

From this list of numbers, write down

(a) a multiple of 8, [1]
(b) a square number, [1]
(c) a prime number [1]

4. S21/qp11/q2 4024
2 ⑤
X
X
O
From this list, write down the number that is both a prime number and a factor of 195. ⑤ [1]

5. S21/qp22/q7 0580

S [2]
so
(a) Complete these statements. The reciprocal of 0.2 is ................................
97
A prime number between 90 and 100 is ................................
(b)

From this list, write down an irrational number. [1]

Worksheet 2 (Non-Calculator)

1. S16/qp12/q6
(a) Express 96 as a product of its prime factors. [1]
(b) 24 is a common factor of 96 and the integer n. Given that n is less than 96, find the largest
possible value of n. [1]

2. W18/qp11/q17

(a) Express 1200 as the product of its prime factors. [1]

(b) Find the smallest value of n, such that 120n is a square number. [1]

3. S19/qp12/q15
(a) Write 168 as a product of its prime factors. [2]
(a) The highest common factor of 168 and N is 42. Given that

find the two possible values of N. [2]

4. W19/qp11/q14

(a) Find the highest common factor (HCF) of p and q. [1]

(b) Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of p, q and 21. Give your answer as the product of
prime factors. [1]
(c) Find the smallest integer N, such that pN is square number. [1]

5. S20/qp12/q13
(a) Write 108 as the product of its prime factors. [2]
(b) Find the lowest common multiple (LCM) of 108 and 180. [2]

6. S20/qp21/q7 (0580)

Use this information to write 438048 as a product of its prime factors. [1]
 7. W20/qp11/q24
(a) Express 99 as the product of prime factors. [1]

111Il
(b) Expressed as the product of prime factors, p q 2 3 5 2 and 3 5 n n 2 1 n n 2 = = # # # # + + where n
is a positive integer.
(i) The lowest common multiple (LCM) of p and q is

Express R as the product of prime factors. [2]

(ii) Express p q + as the product of prime factors.

8. M21/qp22/q11 (0580)
Find the highest common factor (HCF) of 36 and 84. [2]

436 , 84
921
⑬3, 7 4x3 =

Answer Key:

1. (a) 25 x 3 (b) 72
2. (a)24 x 3 x 5 (b) 30
3. (a)2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 (b) 210 and 294
4. (a) 30 (b)23 x 32 x 5 x 5 x 7 (c) 6
5. (a)2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 (b) 540
6. 25 x 34 x 132
7. (a)3 x 3 x 11 (b)(i) 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 5 (ii) 2 x 3 x 5 x 19
 6. W21/qp21/q1 0580
P is a prime number where 60<P <80.
P is 2 less than a square number. Find the value of P. [2]

7. W21/qp22/q13(b) 0580
b 6xkxk

Where p is a prime number greater than 3. Write 6𝑘 as a product of prime factors in terms of p. [2]

8. W21/qp23/q3 0580 - -
6x(2x52xp3)x(2x32xp)
*
-

2xx2xs xpx2x3 xp3

*

2x35 x
From this list, write down the number that is both a prime number and a factor of 195. [1]

Answer Key:

1. (a) any correct number (b) 4

2. (a) 37 (b) 36 (c) √35
3. (a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 37
4. (a)14 (b) 125 (c) √8
-

5. (a) 5, 95 (b)7(a) √7
6. 79
7. 2 ×3 ×𝑝
8. 13
 &

a 2x3x7
42x4 =
168

[
m
b .
168-25x3x720 :
2x3x7x5 -
O
42x5 = 210 ⑫7x5 = 210

42x6 = 252x2x3x7x3x2 = 252

HLF = 2x3 x7 42x7s 2942x3x7x7

210 294
,

42 2x3x7
=

168 23x3x7252
: - 24x32x7

HC F - 22x3x7

-
168 = 23x3x7 294-243x7h

HLF : 2x3x7 +