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Lecture-34-Air pollution

The lecture covers air pollution fundamentals, including sources, classifications, effects, and regulations, along with monitoring principles and control strategies. Various particulate removal methods such as cyclones, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters are discussed, highlighting their efficiencies, advantages, and disadvantages. The document provides insights into the design and operational principles of these air pollution control technologies.

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9 views

Lecture-34-Air pollution

The lecture covers air pollution fundamentals, including sources, classifications, effects, and regulations, along with monitoring principles and control strategies. Various particulate removal methods such as cyclones, scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and fabric filters are discussed, highlighting their efficiencies, advantages, and disadvantages. The document provides insights into the design and operational principles of these air pollution control technologies.

Uploaded by

sidheswars47
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CH1400

ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY


ENGINEERING
Lecture-34
Air Pollution

Dr. Shipra Verma


Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
National Institute of Technology Rourkela
Air Pollution

Fundamentals and Control Strategies;


 Air pollution
Sources
Classifications
Effects
Regulations
 Monitoring Principles
Instrumentation for particulate and gaseous pollutant
measurements
 Air pollution control strategies
CYCLONES

 It is a type of mechanical collector system for removing particulate matter from


air streams.
 Large diameter cyclones have good collection efficiencies for particle 40-50µm
 Small (<23 cm) diameter cyclones have good collection efficiencies for particle
15-20µm dia
Equation of dp
Cut diameter (dpc)

 The diameter of particles collected with 50 % efficiency is defined as


cut diameter. It can be estimated using
Device Min. Efficiency Advantage Disadvantages
Particle %
size (mass
µm basis)
Gravitational >50 <50 •Low pressure loss, •Much space required
settler •Simplicity of design •Low collection
•maintenance efficiency
Centrifugal 5-25 50-90 •Simplicity of design •Much head room
collector and maintenance required
•Little floor space •Low collection
required efficiency for small
•Dry continuous particles
disposal of collected •Sensitive to variables
dusts dust loading and flow
•Low to moderate rates
pressure loss
•Handles high dust
loadings
•Temperature
independent
SRCUBBERS
 Scrubbers also known as wet collectors, employ a liquid to remove particles
form a gas stream.
 The particulate matter is collected either by the liquid dropletss or liquid that
is poured continuously on to a porous packing.

Spary tower or Packed bed scrubber


https://www.acokk.co.jp/guide/wet-scrubber/
Venturi Scrubber

https://www.monroeenvironmental.com/air-
pollution-control/venturi-scrubbers/
Spray tower efficiency

• The nozzles on the spray arms atomise the liquid which then falls
through the tower at the droplet terminal settling velocity.

• The efficiency of a spray tower is given by the following


equation.
−1.5𝑛𝑉𝑡 𝑊𝐿
• Efficiency = 1 − 𝑒 𝜈𝑉𝑔 𝐴𝑐 𝐷𝑠

• Vt = droplet terminal velocity


• 𝜈 = Vt - Vg
• Ac = cross-sectional area
• L = height of the tower
• Ds = droplet diameter
• n = the collection efficiency of particles on a droplet
Wet scrubber

 The spray tower or scrubber can remove larger particles


efficiently.
 More efficient scrubbers improve the contact between the air and
water.
 The venturi scrubber is essentially 100 % efficient in removing
particles > 5um in diameter.

 The pressure dorp in the venturi wet scrubber is estimated by


ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
 Extremely efficient for wide range of particle sizes; even submicron size
 They operate by generating a glow between a high-voltage electrode, usually a
fine wire and a passive earthed electrode, such as a plate or pipe.
 Particles passing through such an electric field are ionized by ions migrating
from the discharge to the collector electrode, with whom they collide.
 These particles are attracted towards the collector electrode by electrostatic
attraction.
Design of Electrostatic Precipitators

 The efficiency of removal of particles by an electrostatic


precipitator is given by Deutch-Anderson equation
Fabric Filter
 High collection Efficiency over a broad range of particles sizes
Application
 Cement kiln,
 Foundries,
 Steel furnaces and
 Grain handling plants
Fabric Filter
 As particles adhere to the fabric, the removal efficiency increases along
with pressure drop.
 The pressure drop is the sum of the pressure drop owing to the fabric and
the drop due to the caked or adhered particles.
Comparison of removal efficiencies of different particulate removal methods
General Applicability of Particulate Control Systems
Thank You

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