Installation  Guide  
 
 

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Software  Installation  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
 
Installation  on  Windows  XP  SP3:  
 
1. Login  with  full  local  administrator  permissions.  
2. Insert  the   CD   and   it   should   Auto   Run   or   use   Windows   Explorer   and   double   click   the   installation   EXE   file.    (see  
installation  steps  below)  
3. Once  installation  is  completed  and  while  still  logged  in  as  administrator  start  the  software.    The  software  will  run  
for   up   to   30   days   in   demo   mode   until   fully   licensed.     While   in   demo   mode   you   must   always   log   into   the  
computer  with  full  local  administrator  permissions.    If  you  run  the  software  without  administrator  permissions  it  
the  demo  mode  will  expire.  
4. Each  time  you  start  the  software  in  demo  mode  the  licenses  dialog  will  appear.    At  the  top  it  will  indicate  how  
many  days  are  left  in  the  demo  period.    In  the  middle  is  a  link  to  the  website  to  register  and  receive  your  license  
key.    At  the  bottom  of  the  license  dialog  will  be  a  registration  code  and  a  place  for  the  license  key.    If  you  do  not  
have   internet   access   on   the   installed   computer   you   may   go   to   http://www.xrite.com/registration.aspx   from   any  
computer.    Make  note  of  the  registration  code  in  the  software.    If  the  registration  code  is  zero  or  blank  you  do  
not  have  full  administrator  permissions  or  did  not  choose  “Run  as  administrator”.  
5. You  can  license  the  software  or  click  Continue  to  continue  on  in  demo  mode.    The  software  will  automatically  
guide  you  through  setting  up  the  instrument  and  your  default  settings.  

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6. Each  time  you  start  Color  iQC  or  Color  iMatch  the  license  page  will  appear  until  fully  licensed.    Click  Continue  if  
you  do  not  have  the  permanent  license  key  yet.  
7. Once   registered   and   you   receive   your   license   key,   enter   it   in   the   box   provided   and   click   the   License   button.     You  
will  get  a  message  that  your  product  is  now  licensed.    
8. Once  fully  licensed  you  will  no  longer  have  the  license  dialog  box  show  up  when  you  start  the  software  and  may  
log  into  the  computer  with  normal  user  permissions.  
 
 
Installation  on  Windows  7  (32  or  64  bit):  
 
1. Login  with  full  local  administrator  permissions.  
2. Insert  the   CD   and   it   should   Auto   Run   or   use   Windows   Explorer   and   double   click   the   installation   EXE   file.     (see  
installation  steps  below)  
3. Once  installation  is  completed  and  while  still  logged  in  as  administrator,  right  click  on  the  Color  iControl  desktop  
icon   and   choose   “Run   as   administrator”.     The   software   will   run   for   up   to   30   days   in   demo   mode   until   fully  
licensed.    While  in  demo  mode  you  must  always  log  into  the  computer  with  full  local  administrator  permissions  
and   “Run   as   administrator”.     If   you   run   the   software   without   administrator   permissions   and   “Run   as  
administrator”  the  demo  mode  will  expire.  
4. In  demo  mode  each  time  you  start  the  software  you  will  have  the  license  dialog  appear.    At  the  top  it  will  show  
the  number  of  days  left  in  the  demo  period.    In  the  middle  is  a  link  to  the  website  to  register  and  receive  your  
license  key.    At  the  bottom  of  the  license  dialog  will  be  a  registration  code  and  a  place  for  the  license  key.    If  you  
do   not   have   internet   access   on   the   installed   computer   you   may   go   to   http://www.xrite.com/registration.aspx  
from  any  computer.    Make  note  of  the  registration  code  in  the  software.    If  the  registration  code  is  zero  or  blank  
you  do  not  have  full  administrator  permissions  or  did  not  “Run  as  administrator.  
5. You   can   license   the   software   or   click   Continue   button   to   continue   on   in   demo   mode.     The   software   will  
automatically  guide  you  through  setting  up  the  instrument  and  your  default  settings.  
6. Each  time  you  start  Color  iQC  or  Color  iMatch  the  license  page  will  appear  until  fully  licensed.    Click  Continue  if  
you  do  not  have  the  permanent  license  key  yet.  
7. Once   registered   and   you   receive   your   license   key,   enter   it   in   the   box   provided   and   click   the   License   button.     You  
will  get  a  message  that  your  product  is  now  licensed.    
8. Once  fully  licensed  you  will  no  longer  have  the  license  dialog  box  show  up  when  you  start  the  software  and  may  
log  into  the  computer  with  normal  user  permissions  and  do  not  need  to  “Run  as  administrator”.  
 
 

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   Installation  Guide  
 
 

Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  Installation  Screens:  

 
1. Run  the  installation  executable  described  in  step  2  above.    Click  Next  to  continue:  
 

 
 
 
2. Select  I  accept  on  the  license  agreement  and  click  Next  to  continue:  
 

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   Installation  Guide  
 

 
   

3. Enter  in  your  User  name,  company  name  and  software  serial  number  from  label  on  the  CD  case.    Click  Next  to  
continue:  
 

 
 
 

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   Installation  Guide  
 
4. Enter  your  software  AUI  (Application  Unique  Identifier)  number  from  the  label  on  the  CD  case.    Click  Next  to  
continue:  
 

 
 
 
5. If   this   is   a   new   installation   you   will   be   prompted   to   select   a   location   for   the  software   user   data   file   folders   to   be  
located   at.   The   program   files   will   be   installed   in   the   C:\Program   Files\GretagMacbeth\   or   C:\Program  
Files(x86)\GretagMacbeth\   folders.     For   more   information   on   user   data   files   please   see   Color   iControl   Folders  
and  Files  document  under  Color  iMatch  and  Color  iQC  common  helpdesk  Questions  on  www.XRite.com.    
 

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6. If  this  is  an  update  the  software  will  install  to  the  same  folders  and  upgrade  your  current  version:  
 

 
 
 
7. Click  Install  to  begin  software  installation:  
 

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8. Two  boxes  will  appear  automatically  during  software  installation.    One  is  the  Visual  C++  2005.  
 

 
 
 
9. The  other  is  Setup  Status.    This  will  show  you  the  status  of  the  software  installation.  
 

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10. Once  the  installation  is  completed  click  the  Finish  button:  
 

 
 

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   Getting  Started  
 
 

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Getting  Started  and  Spectrophotometer  Setup  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

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Color  iControl  Getting  Started  

Once   Color   iControl   is   installed   on   your   system,   there   are   still   a   few   preliminary   actions   you   must  
perform  prior  to  being  able  to  run  the  software  fully.  Each  of  these  is  explained  below.  
 
Initial  Logon  for  Color  iControl  
Double-­‐click   the   program   icon   installed   to   your   desktop.   The   opening   splash   screen   and   log-­‐on   screen  
will  be  displayed.      The  image  displayed  here  will  vary  depending  on  your  software  configuration:  Color  
iQC,  Color  iMatch,  etc.    Type  your  initials  into  the  Operator  ID  field  in  the  log-­‐on  screen  and  then  click  on  
one  of  the  “Open”  icons  in  the  lower  left.  (Operator  ID’s  are  limited  to  six  characters  maximum.)  
 

 
 

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Installing  an  Instrument  

Prior   to   beginning   this   operation,   be   sure   that   the   spectrophotometer   is   connected   to   the   computer   via  
a   communication   port   and   that   you   know   the   ID   for   that   port.   In   addition,   check   to   make   sure   the  
instrument  is  plugged  into  the  power  outlet  and  powered  up.  
 
Once   the   instrument   is   physically   connected   to   your   computer,   you   must   install   it   in   terms   of   the  
software.  To  do  this,  follow  the  steps  provided  below:  
 

 
 
Figure  1  —Spectro  Manager  Dialog  
 
1. From  the  main  menu  select  “Spectro”  then  “Install  or  configure…”  
2. A  dialog  box  titled  “Spectro  Manager”  (See  Figure  1)  will  be  displayed.  
3. Click  on  the  “Install  New...”  button.    A  second  dialog  titled  “New  Spectro”  will  appear  with  a  list  
of  available  instruments  for  Color  iControl  (See  Figure  2).  
 

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Figure  2  —New  Spectro  
 
4. Select   the   instrument   you   wish   to   install   by   clicking   once   on   the   instrument   name   (or  
manufacturer)   and   clicking   “OK.”   (You   may   also   at   this   point   be   asked   for   a   calibration   disk(s)  
that  should  have  been  provided  with  your  instrument.  If  this  is  the  case,  follow  the  instructions  
that  appear  onscreen.)  
5. The  Spectrophotometer  Installation  Wizard  dialog  box  will  appear.  
6. Depending   on   the   type   of   sensor   you   are   installing,   the   Choose   Sensor   Model   dialog   box   may  
appear   (See   Figure   3).   If   it   does,   select   your   instrument’s   model   type   from   the   drop-­‐down   list  
and  click  <Next>.  
 

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Figure  3  —Choose  Sensor  Model  
 
7. On   the   next   dialog   (see   Figure   4),   enter   the   name   of   your   spectrophotometer   into   the   space  
provided.     Depending   on   your   instrument   make   and   model,   you   may   need   to   enter   the   serial  
number  of  your  instrument  and  click  <Next>.  
 

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Figure  4  —Sensor  Name  
 
8.  Again,   depending   on   the   type   of   sensor   you   are   installing,   the   Instrument   Wavelength   Range  
dialog  may  appear  at  this  point  (also  not  pictured).  This  dialog  allows  you  to  select  the  default  
wavelength  range  for  taking  measurements.    
 
9. A   dialog   box   allowing   you   to   select   the   communications   port   and   the   baud   rate   of   the  
instrument  will  appear  next  (see  Figure  5).    
 

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Figure  5  —Communication  Port  and  Baud  Rate  
 
10. Click   on   the   drop   down   to   identify   the   communication   port   where   you   have   the   instrument  
connected.    The  default  is  to  have  your  instrument  connected  to  comm.  port  one.  The  baud  rate  
should   default   to   the   correct   setting.   If   your   instrument   is   incapable   of   communicating   at  
multiple   baud   rates,   this   section   of   the   dialog   will   be   unavailable.   You   may   also   enable   the   Read  
button  on  the  sensor  if  you  wish.  Click  <Next>  once  you  have  selected  the  comm.  port  and  baud  
rate.  
 
11. The   next   dialog   (see   Figure   6)   will   appear   and   prompt   you   to   select   a   pre-­‐defined   calibration  
mode  for  your  instrument.    This  dialog  allows  you  to  create  an  initial  calibration  mode  for  the  
instrument  just  installed.      The  mode  contains  such  information  as  the  size  of  the  sample  port,  
the   type   of   illumination   the   instrument   uses,   whether   or   not   you   are   taking   reflectance   or  
transmittance  data,  etc.  
 
12. Click  the  <Finish>  button  to  accept  the  current  settings  as  the  default  initial  mode.  
 

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Figure  6  —Calibration  Modes  
 
13.  Once   you   have   closed   the   Calibration   Mode,   the   Choose   Calibration   Mode   dialog   box   will  
appear,  allowing  you  to  create  more  calibration  modes  for  that  instrument  (see  Figure  7).    The  
default   mode   just   defined   should   be   listed   as   the   only   mode.   You   may   define   an   entirely   new  
mode  by  clicking  on  the  “Define  New”  button.  You  should  refer  to  the  documentation  provided  
with   your   instrument   to   determine   what   capabilities   your   sensor   has   and   what   variety   of  
calibration  modes  you  may  want  to  define.  (See  Spectro  under  Menu  Commands  in  the  Help  file  
for  more  information  about  setting  the  various  sensor  modes  in  Color  iControl.)  
 

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Figure  7  —Choose  Calibration  Modes  
 
14. Once   you   have   selected   the   sensor,   its   communication   port,   and   the   mode   in   which   it   will  
operate,   all   that   remains   to   do   is   to   calibrate   the   instrument.   Do   this   by   clicking   on   the  
“Calibrate”   command   under   the   “Spectro”   menu   and   following   the   instructions   on   the   screen.  
You   must   have   a   job   opened   in   order   for   the   “Calibrate”   command   to   appear   as   one   of   the  
options   under   the   Spectro   menu.   Calibration   generally   consists   of   taking   readings   of   one   or  
more   tiles.   These   tiles   should   be   supplied   with   your   instrument;   refer   to   your   instrument’s  
documentation  for  more  information.  The  next  section  guides  you  through  this  process.  
 
 

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Calibrating  the  Sensor  /  Taking  a  Measurement  

The  next  action  to  take  is  to  calibrate  the  sensor  and  to  take  a  measurement  in  order  to  be  sure  that  the  
instrument  installation  has  been  successful.  Obtain  a  standard  and  three  trial  samples  prior  to  starting  
(we   will   use   the   trials   in   the   Color   iControl   Tutorial   which   is   included   as   a   Adobe   PDF   file   along   with   this  
document  and  the  Installation  instructions.)  
 
Important   Note:   These   instructions   use   the   menu   commands   as   the   main   method   of   accessing   Color  
iControl’s   various   functions.   However,   buttons   on   the   toolbar   as   well   as   keyboard   shortcuts   exist   for  
most   of   the   commonly   used   menu   commands,   such   as   taking   measurements   and   calibrating   the  
spectrophotometer.    
 
1. Click  on  the  Spectro  menu.  
 
2. Click  on  “Calibrate”  
 
3. Depending  upon  your  instrument  model,  the  system  will  prompt  you  to  read  the  light  trap/black  
tile.    Place  the  light  trap  or  black  tile  on  the  instrument  port  and  click  <OK>.  
 
4. The  system  will  prompt  you  to  read  the  white  tile.  Place  the  white  tile  on  the  instrument  port  
and  click  <OK>.  
 
5. The  system  should  report  that  the  sensor  has  been  successfully  standardized.  
 
6. Place  the  standard  you  obtained  on  the  sensor  port.  
 
7. Open   a   new   job.   [By   selecting   “New   e-­‐Job”   from   the   “e-­‐Job”   menu   item   on   the   main   system  
menu.]  
 
8.  Click  on  Data  menu.  
 
9. Click  on  “Measure  with  Spectro...”    A  sub-­‐menu  will  appear.    Click  on  “Measure  Standard.”  
 
10. A   dialog   box   will   appear   allowing   you   to   name   the   standard.   Enter   a   name   and   click   <Next>.  
Instructions  for  continuing  will  be  displayed  under  the  field  where  you  entered  the  name.  Follow  
those  instructions  until  the  system  prompts  you  to  enter  another  name  for  a  measurement.  
 
11. The  Standard  should  appear  as  the  first  item  in  the  Tree  View  at  the  upper  left  of  the  open  job.  
 
12. Click  on  e-­‐Job  menu  item.  
 

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13. Click  on  “Close  Current  Job”  from  the  drop  down  menu.    A  standard  Windows  “Save  As...”  dialog  
box  will  open.  
 
14. Enter   a   name   and   click   <OK>.   The   system   will   automatically   append   the   extension   to   the   job  
when  it  is  saved.  
 
15. Click  on  e-­‐Job  menu  item  
 
16. Click  on  “Exit”  from  the  drop  down  menu.    The  program  should  close.  
 
17. The  sensor  is  now  installed  and  correctly  functioning.  
 

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Editing  the  Default  Job  Settings  File  

Once   the   instrument   has   been   configured,   you   should   edit   the   default   settings   file.   Color   iControl  
originally   ships   with   two   default   settings   files,   one   for   screen   resolution   set   at   800x600   and   one   for  
screen   resolution   set   at   1024x768.   One   of   these   settings   files   will   be   the   basis   for   any   job   opened   in  
Color  iControl  without  specifying  an  alternative  (i.e.,  another  settings  file  or  template).  Which  one  gets  
used   depends   on   the   resolution   of   your   monitor.   This   will   be   true   even   if   you   select   to   store   your  
settings   in   the   job   and   not   in   a   settings   file,   because   even   if   you   select   to   store   the   settings   in   each  
individual   job,   the   program   has   to   have   some   settings   to   include   when   each   job   is   initially   created.  
Editing  the  default  job  settings  file  is  described  below.  
 
Editing  the  Default  Settings  File  
1. To  edit  the  default  settings,  first  click  once  on  "Edit  Default  Job  Settings"  under  the  File  menu.  
(This  option  will  only  appear  when  there  are  no  open  jobs.    If  a  blank  job  appeared  when  you  
started  running  the  program,  you  must  close  it  before  you  can  use  this  option.      Use  the  "Close  
Current   Job"   command  under  the   e-­‐Job   menu   or   click   once   on   the   Windows   close   button   in   the  
upper  right  corner  of  the  job  window.)  
 
2. A   job   window   will   open   with   the   title   "_800.st3"   or   "_1024.st3,"   depending   on   your   monitor's  
resolution.  Click  once  on  the  "Settings"  option  under  the  Application  menu.  
 
3. The  Settings  dialog  box  will  appear.    Click  on  the  General  tab.  (For  now,  we  will  only  set  up  the  
most  basic  settings  needed.  You  may  need  to  edit  this  file  again  once  your  familiarity  with  the  
software  has  increased.)  
 

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   Getting  Started  
 

 
 
Figure  8  —Settings  |  General  Tab  
 
4. At   the   top   left   of   the   dialog   are   three   radio   buttons   for   selecting   the   desired   color   space.   The  
options  are:  CIEL*a*b*,  Hunter,  or  FMCII.  The  system  will  default  to  CIEL*a*b*.  Select  an  option  
or  leave  the  system  set  to  CIEL*a*b*.  
 
5.  In   the   center   left   of   the   dialog   are   three   drop-­‐down   lists   allowing   you   to   select   the   primary,  
secondary,  and  tertiary  illuminants  for  the  system.  The  defaults  are:  D6510,  F02-­‐10,  and  A-­‐10.  
The  appended  10  on  the  end  of  the  illuminant  means  that  it  is  using  the  ten-­‐degree  observer.  
Two-­‐degree   observer   illuminants   are   available   and   designated   with   a   “-­‐02".   Select   your  
illuminants  from  the  drop-­‐down  lists.  
 

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   Getting  Started  
 
6. Once   you   have   selected   these   settings,   click   on   the   "Close   Current   Job"   command   under   the  Job  
menu.   The   default   settings   you   selected   will   be   stored   into   the   file.     These   settings   will   be   in  
place   for   every   new   job   you   open   without   specifying   a   template.   Of   course,   there   are   many  
other   settings,   both   in   the   General   tab   and   in   the   Quality   Control   tab.   Once   you   gain   more  
familiarity  with  the  software,  you  may  want  to  return  to  re-­‐edit  the  settings  stored  in  the  default  
settings  file.  
 
 

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 Distinguishing  Concepts  

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Distinguishing  Concepts  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
1. Document  [“Job”]  Based  Architecture  [similar  to  Word]  
Jobs  are  containers  that  contain  all  the  items  a  user  needs  to  perform  a  specific  job  or  
function.   Sending   the   document   to   another   user   on   a   different   system   allows  
communication,   since   all   the   contents,   including   the   settings   used,   the   views,   the  
layouts,   and   the   data   are   preserved   in   the   job   exactly   they   way   they   were   on   the  
sending  system.  Easy  to  model  the  user’s  actual  workflow  in  a  production  operation,  
since   this   type   of   work   normally   involves   files   and   folders   that   contain   specific   objects  
they   are   working   on   [for   example   –   the   standard   ,   the   tolerances   required,   and   all  
sample  measurements  to  date  for  a  lot  running  on  a  specific  dye  machine].  
 
2. Multiple  Database  Storage/Retrieval  
Important   information   that   is   likely   to   be   required   in   multiple   jobs,   or   needs   to   be  
preserved   for   safekeeping,   or   organized   for   retrieval   at   a   later   date   can   be   stored   and  
retrieved   from   whichever   database   is   appropriate.   Both   Access   and   SQL   Server  
databases  are  supported,  and  users  can  connect  different  jobs  to  different  databases  
as  required.  
 
3. Multi-­‐user,  Networkable,  Terminal  Server  Aware,  Network  Licensing,  Security  
Most   systems   today   must   operate   within   a   network   [both   LAN   and   WAN]   of   users.  
Information  needs  to  be  shared  and  distributed  while  maintaining  control  of  the  data  
and   user   rights.   Color   iQC/iMatch   contains   an   account   management   system   that  
allows  supervisory  control  over  user  rights  and  permissions,  allows  supervisors  to  hide  

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 Distinguishing  Concepts  

controls   and   functions   for   specific   users,   and   manages   access   to   a   global   SQL   Server  
database  with  Regional  /  Local  group  read  and  modify  access.  
 
4. Measurement  
A   measurement   is   a   “container”   that   has   multiple   spectral   data,   user   defined   tags,  
security   settings,   measurement   properties,   procedures,   and   colorimetric   data.  
Extended   data   [such   as   OL/OD,   R/T,   or   Haze   data]   are   all   treated   as   a   single  
“measurement”.  Trials  can  be  “associated”  with  a  specific  standard  [by  its  UUID].  
 
5. Unique  GUID  
Every   measurement,   colorant,   and   collection   in   Color   iQC/iMatch   is   created   with   a  
unique  GUID  that  identifies  that  specific  object  for  its  entire  life.  This  allows  Jobs  to  be  
circulated   around   the   world   and   specific   items   to   be   “recognized”   by   the   system   as  
they  come  back.  Attempting  to  add  a  “new”  item  to  the  database  which  is  actually  a  
“renamed”  copy  of  the  original  will  flag  the  attempt  and  either  “update”  the  item  in  
the  database  or  create  a  new  object  with  a  new  GUID.  Each  measurement  contains  a  
“signature”   that   validates   the   instrument   conditions   used   to   measure   it,   the   type   of  
instrument,   the   procedures   used,   and   any   NetProfiling   and/or   model   transforms  
applied  to  the  data.    
 
6. Templates  and  Settings  Files  
Jobs   and   their   contents,   settings,   and   layouts   can   be   derived   from   templates   and  
settings  files,  allowing  a  customer  to  create  many  tailored  “job  types”  that  are  preset  
for  particular  functions  they  routinely  do.  A  requirement  to  change  a  tolerance  for  a  
specific   customer   only   requires   changing   it   in   a   settings   file,   and   all   relevant   jobs  
derive  that  new  setting.  
 
7. Connected  Views  
All   views   are   connected   within   a   document,   so   actions   taken   in   one   view   cause  
updates  in  all  other  views.  Views  inherit  their  settings  from  the  job  settings.  If  a  user  
needs  to  select  specific  items  by  using  a  color  space  plot,  while  other  users  prefer  to  
use  a  list  view,  and  some  want  to  use  a  combination  –  then  each  can  operate  in  their  
most   efficient   manner.   Having   all   views   connected   enhances   the   understanding   of  
what   the   “job   contents”   are   since   graphic   views   and   data   views   and   job   contents  
views  are  all  displaying  the  same  connected  information  –  just  from  different  aspects.  
 
8. Multiple  samples  compared  to  a  standard  
Color  iQC/iMatch  views  and  reports  are  tailored  to  be  able  to  display  large  numbers  of  
samples   compared   to   a   standard,   can   automatically   adjust   views   to   show   the  
appropriate   samples   with   the   current   standard,   but   allow   the   user   to   quickly   show  
alternate   selections   of   any   samples   compared   to   any   other   measurement   as   a  
standard.   The   user   is   not   “locked   into”   any   specific   relationship   of   samples   to   a  
specific  standard.  
 
9. Tolerances  
The   most   difficult   part   of   a   QC   system   is   establishing   and   controlling   what   the  
“tolerance”  for  color  variation  is  and  what  it  means.  Graphics  must  be  used  in  a  way  
that  enhances  a  users  “impression”  of  the  relationship  of  a  sample  to  a  standard,  and  

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 Distinguishing  Concepts  

of  many  samples  to  each  other  through  the  use  of  meaningful  tolerances.  Tolerances  
in  Color  iQC/iMatch  can  be  automatically  generated  using  the  CMC  equation,  specified  
by   the   user   on   a   specific   standard,   specified   for   a   particular   job,   or   specified   for   the  
entire  system.  In  Color  iQC/iMatch,  the  source  of  the  tolerance  is  a  hierarchy  [that  can  
be   specified   by   the   user],   that   allows   a   cascade   of   the   tolerance   source   …   if   the  
tolerance  is  not  specified  in  the  current  standard,  it  is  derived  from  the  job,  if  not  in  
the  job,  then  from  the  default  system  settings,  if  not  in  the  default  settings,  it  will  be  
calculated   automatically.   Color   iQC/iMatch   also   contains   methods   of   generating  
tolerances   based   on   historical   information,   and   can   generate   tolerances   based   on  
statistical   control   limits.   Tolerances   are   always   generated   for   L,   a,   b,   c,   and   h  
information  –  not  just  L,  a,  b  or  L,  c,  and  h.    LCH  is  not  a  separate  color  space  from  LAB  
–  users  should  be  free  to  mix  or  combine  color  differencing  within  CIELab  color  space  
in  whichever  metric  color  difference  descriptor  is  most  effective  –  so  displaying  dL,  da,  
db,  dC,  and  dH  values  and  tolerances  at  the  same  time  is  possible  and  often  done.  
 
10. Import/Export  
Color  iQC/iMatch  can  import  and  export  a  wide  range  of  competitive  file  formats  [EXP,  
QTX,   MIF,   SMP,   XML,   CxF,   PAL,   TXT,   DAT,   MDB…].   In   most   cases   these   files   can   be  
important   as   a   “native”   format   by   simply   double   clicking   on   the   file   and   launching  
Color  iQC/iMatch  …  the  user  doesn’t  have  to  know  that  the  file  type  is  a  foreign  file  
type.  Communications  between  many  types  of  color  systems  is  becoming  mandatory  
in   the   business   world.   This   feature   has   been   instrumental   in   capturing   DataColor  
customers   –   since   we   can   click   on   an   email   attachment   with   a   QTX   file   and   run   it  
directly  within  Color  iQC/iMatch.  
 
11. Remote  Output  
Integrating   information   from   a   QC   Color   system   into   manufacturing   systems   often  
involves   IT   Support   and   special   software   modifications.   Color   iQC/iMatch   contains   a  
remote  output  feature  that  allows  the  user  to  tailor  and  format  an  output  stream  of  
any   information   in   Color   iQC/iMatch   and   direct   it   to   serial   ports   or   network   file  
locations.  This  information  can  be  sent  automatically  as  a  sample  is  measured,  making  
it  ideal  for  automatic  integration  into  manufacturing  systems.  Remote  Output  feature  
is  also  used  for  output  of  formulas  to  dispensers,  allowing  customers  to  create  specific  
output  streams  for  whatever  dispenser  they  have  –  including  the  ability  to  export  all  
formulas  to  a  “text  file”  for  import  into  mainframe  databases.  
 
12. Drag  and  Drop  /  Cut  and  Paste  /  Multiple  documents    
Users   can   display   multiple   jobs   within   the   Color   iQC/iMatch   frame,   and   drag   and   drop  
contents  between  the  jobs  to  help  analyze  data.  Users  can  cut  and  paste  information  
or   entire   measurements   into   an   Excel   spreadsheet,   then   paste   from   a   spreadsheet  
back  into  Color  iQC/iMatch  to  create  new  measurements.  
 
 
13. Printed  reports    
Users  can  easily  format  a  printed  report  style  from  existing  views  and  create  a  report  
style  that  looks  good  without  having  to  be  a  designer,  or  without  simply  printing  out  
multiple  views  one  at  a  time.  
 

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   Settings  and  Templates  

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Settings  and  Templates  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
 
Jobs  and  their  contents,  settings,  and  layouts  can  be  derived  from  templates  and  settings  files,  
allowing  a  customer  to  create  many  tailored  “job  types”  that  are  preset  for  particular  functions  
they  routinely  do.    
 
Understanding  Jobs,  Settings  Files,  and  Templates  
A  job  in  Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  is  basically  a  file  or  document.    Multiple  jobs  can  be  opened  
at   the   same   time   and   managed   through   the   software.     Jobs   can   be   stand-­‐alone   with   their  
settings  self-­‐contained  or  they  can  store  their  settings  in  a  file  that  they  point  to  and  can  share  
with  other  jobs.    Jobs  can  also  be  created  using  templates.    
 
Creating  a  New  Settings  File  
 
1. To  create  new  “settings  files,”  open  a  new,  blank  job  by  clicking  once  on  the  “New  Job”  
command   under   the   e-­‐Job   /   File   menu.   The   File   menu   will   appear   when   no   jobs   are  
open;  the  e-­‐Job  menu  will  be  available  when  there  is  at  least  one  job  open.  
 
2. The   new   job   will   open.     Click   once   on   the   “Change   settings   file   reference”   command  
under  the  Job  menu.  
 
3. The   Open   dialog   box   will   appear   with   the   available   settings   files   listed,   except   for   the  
defaults   which   are   stored   in   a   different   place.   (If   you   want   to   edit   the   default   settings  

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   Settings  and  Templates  

file,  you  must  use  the  Edit  Default  Job  Settings  under  the  File  menu.)    Enter  a  name  “in  
the  “Filename”  field  and  click  on  the  <Open>  button.  
 

 
 
4. The   program   will   automatically   create   a   new   settings   file   using   the   name   you   entered  
and   associate   it   to   the   current   job.   At   this   point,   click   on   Application   |   Settings   in   the  
main  program  menu.  The  Settings  dialog  box  will  open.  
 
 

 
 

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5. Click  on  the  General  tab  of  the  Settings  dialog  box  to  make  choices  with  regards  to  the  
selected   color   system,   illuminants,   printing,   and   other   default   parameters.     Click   on  
<OK>  when  finished.  
 

 
 
 
6. Click   once   on   the   “Save   Settings”   command   under   the   e-­‐Job   menu.   This   will   save   the  
settings   you   selected   into   the   file   you   created.   Once   you   save   the   settings,   the   new  
“settings  file”  is  complete  and  ready  for  use.  (Note:  The  blank  job  you  opened  in  order  
to  create  the  file  may  be  closed  without  saving.)  
 
Using  Alternate  Settings/Creating  a  Template  
 
You   can   associate   any   job   with   a   settings   file.     However,   an   easier   way   exists   to   create   jobs  
associated   with   a   setting   file   is   to   create   a   template   that   automatically   points   to   that   settings  
file.      Any  jobs  created  using  a  template  will  automatically  be  associated  with  the  correct  settings  
file.  
 
1. Open  a  new,  blank  job  by  using  the  “New  e-­‐Job”  command  under  the  e-­‐Job  menu.  
 
2. 2.  Click  on  the  “Change  settings  file  reference”  command  under  the  e-­‐Job  menu.  Select  
a   settings   file   to   use   for   this   template   by   clicking   on   it   once   to   highlight   it   and   then  
clicking  on  the  <Open>  button.  
 
 

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3. Save  the  Job  by  clicking  on  the  “Save  As...”  command  under  the  e-­‐Job  menu.  Note  that  
you   must   save   the   job   before   you   can   save   it   as   a   template.     Name   the   job  
appropriately.  
 
4. Once  the  job  has  been  saved,  click  on  the  “Save  as  template”  command  under  the  e-­‐Job  
menu.  
 
5. 5.  Enter  in  a  name  for  the  template.    Templates  are  saved  using  a  “*.jt5”  extension.  
 
6. You   may   now   open   new   jobs   using   the   template   you   have   created   by   clicking   on   the  
“New   from   Template”   command   under   the   e-­‐Job/File   menu.   Those   jobs   will  
automatically  be  associated  with  the  selected  settings  file.  
 
Creating  a  Job  from  Template  
 
You   may   create   new   jobs   from   the   templates   you   create   by   using   the   “New   from   Template”  
command  under  the  e-­‐Job  menu.    
 
1. Click  on  e-­‐Job  in  the  main  program  menu.  
 
2. Click  on  “New  e-­‐Job  from  Template”  menu  item  
 
3. The   Open   dialog   will   appear   with   the   available   templates   listed.     Click   once   on   a  
template  name  to  select  it.  
 
 

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4. Click  on  <Open>.    You  now  have  a  new  job  that  points  to  the  settings  file.  
 
Disconnecting  a  Job  from  Its  Settings  File  
 
If  you  have  selected  to  use  settings  files  as  the  default  method  of  storing  settings   for  your  jobs,  
you  may  still  create  jobs  that  are  self-­‐contained  by  disconnecting  the  job  from  its  settings  file.  
When   you   do   this,   the   settings   that   are   stored   in   the   settings   file   will   automatically   be   copied  
from   the   file   into   the   job.   Follow   the   instructions   below   to   disconnect  a   job   from   its   settings   file  
and  turn  it  into  a  self  contained  job.  These  instructions  assume  that  the  job  is  already  open  in  
the  main  program  window  and  is  the  active  job.  
 
1. Click  on  the  Application  menu  and  select  the  “Settings”  menu  item.  
 
2. The  Settings  dialog  will  open.    Go  to  the  General  settings  tab.  
 
3. At  the  bottom  of  the  General  settings  tab  is  a  button  marked  “Disconnect  this  job  from  
settings  file.”  
 
4. Click  once  on  that  button.  
 

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5. The  settings  file  listed  in  the  “Settings  Filename”  field  should  disappear.  
 

 
 
6. The   job   is   disconnected   from   its   original   settings   file   and   that   information   is   now   stored  
in  the  job  itself.    Click  on  <Apply>.  
 
7. Click  on  <OK>.  
 
Connecting  a  Job  to  a  Settings  File  
 
This   section   describes   how   to   connect   a   job   to   a   different   settings   file.   This   will   overwrite   the  
settings  stored  in  a  standalone  job  with  the  new  settings  from  the  file.    
 
1. Click  on  the  e-­‐Job  menu.  
 
2. Click  on  “Change  Settings  File  Reference.”  
 
3. The  Open  dialog  box  will  open  displaying  the  available  settings  files.    
 

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4. Click  on  the  appropriate  settings  file  name.  
 
5. Click  on  the  <Open>  button.  
 
6. The  current  job’s  settings  are  now  coming  from  the  selected  file.    You  can  check  this  by  
opening  the  Settings  dialog  (Application  |  Settings...)  and  looking  in  the  General  tab.    
 
Establishing  the  Default  System  Settings  
 
The   next   step   in   setting   up   the   program   is   to   establish   the   default   system   settings.     Double-­‐click  
on   the   Color   iQC   or   Color   iMatch   desktop   icon   to   re-­‐start   the   program.   Click   on   the   <Open  
without   e-­‐Job>   button.     At   this   point,   you   will   need   to   decide   if   you   want   to   store   your   data   in   a  
database   as   well   as   in   jobs.     If   you   wish   to   store   your   data   in   a   database,   you   will   need   to   create  
it.    Follow  the  steps  below  to  create  a  database  for  use  with  Color  iQC  or  Color  iMatch.  
 
Creating  the  Database  
 
1. Click  on  the  blank  document  button  to  open  a  new  job  (or  you  may  click  on  File  |  New  
Job).  
 
2. Once  a  blank  job  is  open,  click  on  Data  |  Create  an  empty  Data  Base…  
 
3. A  small  dialog  box  will  open  allowing  you  to  name  the  database.  Enter  a  name  for  the  
database.   The   program   will   automatically   append   the   *.mdb   extension   to   the   name   you  
enter.  The  path  where  the  program  will  place  the  database  will  be  displayed.  
 

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   Settings  and  Templates  

 
 
4. Click  <OK>.  
 
Editing  the  Default  System  Settings  
 
1. Click  on  the  Application  menu  followed  by  the  “Settings...”  command  (or  you  may  use  
the  “pencil  and  pad”  button  on  the  toolbar).  
 
2. Click  on  “System”  tab.  
 
3. The  Default  System  Settings  tab  will  be  displayed.  
 

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   Settings  and  Templates  

 
4. Inspect  the  path  settings  as  they  are  shown  in  the  various  fields.  (See  the  table  below  
for   a   description   of   each   path/field.)   The   database   you   created   and   named   should   be  
displayed  as  the  default  database.  Generally,  you  should  let  the  path  settings  remain  set  
to  their  defaults  unless  you  have  a  good  reason  to  change  them.  For  example,  you  may  
want   to   set   up   your   system   to   have   the   database   located   on   a   network   drive   so   that  
others   can   access   it.   In   that   case,   you   will   need   to   change   the   database   path   to   point   to  
the   correct   drive   and   directory   where   you   will   be   storing   your   data.   (These   path  
definitions  may  be  specified  using  UNC  conventions.  See  your  network  administrator  for  
help  with  that.)    
 
5. Click  on  <OK>  when  you  have  finished  defining  the  paths  for  storing  the  various  types  of  
files  associated  with  Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch.  
 

 
 
There  are  two  additional  setup  options  available:  
 
Setup  for  SQL  Server  Database  

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   Settings  and  Templates  

This   option   allows   you   to   enter   the   information   required   to   connect   to   a   MS   SQL   Server  
database.      Information  from  you  IT  department  will  be  required  to  make  this  connection.  
 

 
 
 
Setup  for  Formatted  Names  
 
This   option   allows   you   to   configure   the   software   to   use   formatted   naming   when   taking  
measurements.  
 

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 How  to  Guide    

How  to  Guide    

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
How  to  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
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 How  to  Guide    

Contents  
Calibration ................................................................................................................................................................4  
How  can  I  calibrate  the  UV?.................................................................................................................................4  
How  can  exclude  the  complete  UV? ....................................................................................................................6  
How  can  include  the  complete  UV? .....................................................................................................................6  
How  can  I  activate  a  green  tile  test  after  the  calibration  ? ..................................................................................7  
How  can  I  set  the  calibration  time  control? ...................................................................................................... 10  
Measurement ........................................................................................................................................................ 11  
How  can  I  measure  Gloss  with  my  instrument?................................................................................................ 11  
How  can  I  measure  SCI  and  SCE? ...................................................................................................................... 15  
How  to  measure  the  contrast  ratio  from  OL/OD  measurements? ................................................................... 18  
How  can  I  start  a  timed  measurement  to  take  automatic  readings?................................................................ 22  
How  can  I  enter  a  new  standard  with  color  metric  data  only? ......................................................................... 23  
Transmission  Measurement .................................................................................................................................. 25  
How  to  prepare  for  Transmission  measurement  and  how  to  calibrate ............................................................ 25  
How  to  do  Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Total  Transmittance ................................................ 28  
How  to  do  Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Direct  Transmittance ............................................... 29  
Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Haze............................................................................................... 30  
How  to  prepare  for  Haze  Calibration? .............................................................................................................. 30  
How  to  do  Haze  Measurement? ....................................................................................................................... 31  
How  to  set  up  the  Multi  Trial  view  to  see  the  Haze  Data?................................................................................ 32  
How  to  measure  correlated  Haze  on  a  7000A  instrument................................................................................ 33  
Haze  Correlation ............................................................................................................................................... 34  
Tolerances ............................................................................................................................................................. 35  
Program  workflow  for  tolerance  settings ......................................................................................................... 35  
When  and  how  to  use  system  tolerances? ....................................................................................................... 36  
When  and  how  to  use  individual  tolerances  for  each  standard?...................................................................... 38  
How  to  calculate  individual  standard  tolerances  based  on  statistical  data? .................................................... 40  
How  to  calculate  logical  CMC  tolerances  for  a  standard?................................................................................. 41  
How  to  transfer  tolerances  from  one  standard  to  another  standard? ............................................................. 43  
Which  tolerances  are  shown  and  used? ........................................................................................................... 44  
Tolerances  –  P/F  on  Total  difference  only......................................................................................................... 45  
Which  decision  will  be  taken?........................................................................................................................... 48  
Treeview  -­‐  operation ............................................................................................................................................. 49  
How  to  change  the  association  of  trial  to  a  standard? ..................................................................................... 49  
How  to  remove  the  association  of  trial  to  a  standard?..................................................................................... 50  
How  to  copy  a  series  of  measurements  from  one  job  to  another  job? ............................................................ 51  
How  can  I  edit  a  standard  or  trial? .................................................................................................................... 52  
Job’s....................................................................................................................................................................... 54  
How  can  I  make  sure,  that  changes,  which  have  been  made  to  a  job  will  still  be  the  same,  if  I  start  the  job  the  
next  time  again.................................................................................................................................................. 54  
How  can  I  make  sure,  that  changes  will  apply  to  new  jobs............................................................................... 55  
How  can  I  easily  get  a  different  view  of  data  for  the  same  standard  and  trial ................................................. 56  
Color  Search .......................................................................................................................................................... 59  
How  can  I  do  a  color  search  in  the  database  ? .................................................................................................. 59  
Naming  options ..................................................................................................................................................... 61  
How  to  use  a  flexible  name? ............................................................................................................................. 61  
How  to  use  automatically  a  standard  name  with  a  sequence  number  ? .......................................................... 62  
How  to  work  with  predefined  trial  names  from  a  list? ..................................................................................... 63  

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 How  to  Guide    

How  to  use  a  Formatted  Name  Setup? ............................................................................................................. 65  

Printer  Output ....................................................................................................................................................... 68  
How  to  start  a  printout?.................................................................................................................................... 68  
How  to  define  the  header  of  the  printout?....................................................................................................... 69  
How  to  define  the  items  of  the  printout? ......................................................................................................... 71  
Remote  Output...................................................................................................................................................... 72  
How  to  set  up  for  Remote  Output?................................................................................................................... 72  
How  to  utilize  a  Remote  Output  in  Color  iQC?.................................................................................................. 78  
How  to  export  from  IQC  directly  into  an  Excel  Application  ? ............................................................................ 79  
 
 
 
 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

 
Calibration  
How  can  I  calibrate  the  UV?  
Select   the   measurement  
mode   and   perform   a   normal  
calibration.   Once   this   is  
finished   you   can   select  
within   the   Calibration   Mode  
selection   –   the   option   UV-­‐
Calibrate.  

 
 
With   the   i5   or   i7   instrument   a   white   plastic   chip   with   a  
defined  CIE  Whiteness  value  is  provided.    
 
Enter   the   Calibrated   Whiteness   Value   in   the   proper  
information   field,   place   the   chip   in   front   of   the   spectro  
and  press  [Auto  Calibrate]  

 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

At   the   end   of   the   Calibration   procedure   the   Current   UV  

Filter   Position,   the   Current   UV   Whiteness   and   the  
Automatic  UV  Calibration  Difference  is  reported.  
 
Typically  result  will  be  within  0.2    
 
Accept  the  UV  calibration  and  repeat  a  regular  calibration  
procedure.      

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 How  to  Guide    

How  can  exclude  the  complete  UV?  

 
In  order  to  exclude  the  UV  completely  a  calibration  mode  will  have  to  be  set  up  
 

 
Within   the   calibration   mode   the  
setting   Filter   In   /   UV   Exc   will   have   to  
be  selected  
 
Once   this   has   been   done   an  
instrument   calibration   will   have   to  
be  made.  

How  can  include  the  complete  UV?  

 
Color   iQC   does   not   offer   the   option   include   complete   UV.   Whenever   this   option   is   selected   the   instrument   will  
automatically  use  UV  cal.  There  is  a  reason  for  it.    
 
The  UV  content  of  a  Xenon  lamp  has  an  impact  on  the  reflectance  data,  if  samples  such  as  textiles  or  paper  contain  
optical  brighteners.    
 

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 How  to  Guide    

If  the  instrument  works  without  the  UV  filer  (or  calibrated  UV)  the  UV  content  of  the  Xenon  Lamp  will  depend  on  
the  age  of  the  lamp.  Since  UV  content  has  an  impact  on  the  reflectance  data,  different  reflectance  data  would  be  
achieved   depending   on   the   age   of   the   lamp.   It   would   be   nearly   impossible   to   achieve   a   good   inter   instrument  
agreement.    

How  can  I  activate  a  green  tile  test  after  the  calibration?  

 
1. Main   menu,   select  
spectro,   and   install   or  
configure.  
 

 
 
2. Select   your   spectro,   eg  
color   i5;   and   then   click  
“set   Comm   Port   and  
check  tile”  button.  
 

   
  3. Select   which   mode   you  
need   to   do   green   tile  
check.  
 
Mode  0,  means  only  the  
first   cal.   Mode,   which  
mode  ID  is  0.  
 
All   modes,   means   all  
cal.  Mode  ID  need  to  do  
green  diagnostic  test.  
 
 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

 
4. Open   a   new   job,   go   to   “Select  
Mode”   and   select   a   cal.   mode  
that   you   want   to   set   green   tile  
diagnostic  test.  
(Make   sure   you   had   done  
calibration   on   each   mode  
  before  you  come  to  this  step,  if  
  not,   switch   off   the   check   tile  
and   go   calibrate   your  
spectrophotometer  first.)  
 
5. Then  close  job…  
6. Go  to  File,  and  select  “Open  
Check  Tile  Job”.  
 

 
7. Color   iQC   and   Color   iMatch  
realizes,   that   the   proper   job   is  
not  yet  available  and  places  the  
warning   on   the   screen.   It   will  
automatically   create   a   Green  
  Tile  test  job.    
8. Enter  the  name  and  go  through  
the  measurement  sequence  
Uncheck  the  “Save  current  
standard  in  the  data  segment”  

 
9. At  the  end  confirm,  that  the  
standard  should  be  saved.  
 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

 
10. It  is  recommended  to  enter  
  Pass/Fail  Tolerance  to  the  
standard.  
  Mark  the  tile  in  the  data  
Selection  Windows    
selects  the  properties.    
  In  the  standard  properties  
select  Stored  Tolerances  
and  enter  a  tolerance  of  0.3  
 

 
 
When  a  calibration  for  the  calibration  mode  0  is  done  automatically  a  read  check  will  be  imitated  
 

     
White  Calibration   Black  Calibration   Calibration  is  finished  
11. Once  the  calibration  is  finished  
the  check  tile  test  will  come  up.    
Place  the  green  tile  in  front  of  
the  spectro  and  start  a  normal  
measurement  routine.  

 
12.  Once  the  calibration  is  finished  
the  results  will  be  shown.  If  
outside  of  tolerance  the  
calibration  will  be  rejected.  
 
The  results  will  be  saved  in  the  job.    
 

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 How  to  Guide    

In  order  to  evaluate  the  results  of  the  CheckTile  Job  

close  all  jobs.  
Select  File  –    
Select  Open  CheckTile  Job    
Now  you  can  analyze  the  data.  

 
How  can  I  set  the  calibration  time  control?      
 
Most  customers  like  a  automatic  reminder  to  calibrate  the  instrument  when  it`s  reqired  
 
For  each  of  the  calibration  
modes  there  is  a  timer  for  the  
next  calibration.  This  can  be  
changed  using  the  modify  
option  

 
 
In  the  Calibration  Mode  Properties  the  
calibration  Interval  can  be  set.  
The  typical  recommendation  is  240  
Minutes.  
 
Attention:  if  the  time  is  set  to  “0”  there  
will  be  NO  time  control.    
This  can  be  useful,  if  you  do  want  to  do  
long  term  measurements  and  do  not  
want  to  have  any  interruption  by  the  
calibration.  
 
This  can  be  useful,  if  you  use  self  
calibrating  instruments  portable  
spectrophotometers  like  the  Spectro  
Eye  or  other  portable  devices  like  the  
SP  or  900  series,  which  do  have  their  
own  internal  time  control.  

 
   

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 How  to  Guide    

Measurement  
How  can  I  measure  Gloss  with  my  instrument?  
 
Color  iQC  |  Color  iMatch  Gloss  and  SRR  Gloss  
 
Gloss  in  Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  applies  to  measurements  made  on  a  sphere  instrument  where  SPI  
and  SPE  are  possible,  and  uses  an  equation  developed  by  X-­‐Rite  for  each  instrument  that  is  correlated  to  
a  60  degree  gloss  meter  for  paint  samples  on  paper.  It  is  generally  pretty  close  to  an  actual  gloss  meter  
within  the  normal  ranges  of  20-­‐80  but  may  be  different  somewhat  at  the  low  or  high  ends  of  the  range.  
Every  spectro  has  a  different  form  of  the  equation  to  account  for  differences  in  sphere  size,  number  of  
holes,  size  of  specular  port,  etc.  X-­‐Rite  has  a  specific  equation  for  CE7000,  Color  i5/i7,  XTH,  and  SP62/64.    
All  other  sphere  spectrophotometers  use  a  general  equation  and  may  not  agree  as  well.  The  ASTM  
method  that  applies  to  this  is  D523.  However  the  type  of  equipment  required  by  D523  does  NOT  include  
sphere  instruments.    Therefore  the  equation  gives  us  a  “correlated  gloss”  value  rather  than  a  “60  degree  
gloss”  value.  
 
SRR  Gloss  in  Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  is  “Specular  Reflectance  Ratio”  and  is  defined  as  ASTM  method  
E429  (not  E463).  This  method  is  titled  “Measurement  and  Calculation  of  Reflecting  Characteristics  of  
Metallic  Surfaces  Using  Integrating  Sphere  Instruments”  ,  and  in  general  is  useful  for  describing  the  
specular  reflectance  from  surfaces  that  are  somewhat  glossy.  An  inverse  value  called  “diffuse  reflectance  
ratio”  is  normally  calculated  for  comparing  metallic  surfaces  which  are  matte  however  the  DRR  value  is  
NOT  contained  in  color  iQC  or  Color  iMatch.  
 
The  methods  will  give  similar  relative  comparative  results  between  several  samples  –  but  the  values  
themselves  will  be  different.  
 
Additional  Notes:  RFW  2Dec2010  
• GLOSS60  calculation  can  be  performed  in  the  Color  i5  (if  it  has  firmware  2.0  or  higher)  and  transferred  to  the  
software  during  any  measurement  –  otherwise  the  GLOSS60  value  can  ONLY  be  calculated  if  the  measurement  is  
extended  SCI/SCE.  
• SRR  Gloss  can  only  be  calculated  from  an  extended  SCI/SCE  measurement.  
• Gloss60  is  a  “correlated”  equation  using  an  instrument  model  specific  equation  developed  by  X-­‐Rite  to  correlate  a  
sphere  measurement  to  a  60  degree  gloss  meter.  The  equation  has  been  improved  in  version  6.2  for  most  sphere  
instrument  models.  
• SRR_Gloss  is  an  ISO  method  of  calculating  gloss  (Specular  Reflectance  Ratio)  that  is  typically  used  when  measuring  
materials  that  are  highly  glossy  (such  as  metals).  
 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

 
• First  step  -­‐  prepare  the  calibration  mode  for  the  gloss  measurement    
 
Open  the  Calibration  Mode  
Windows  [Shift]  +  [F4]  -­‐  and  
click  [Add  New]  
 

 
 
Select  the  following  settings:  
Remove  the  check  next  to  "Enable  auto  
configuration  by  spectrophotometer"  
R/T  Mode  =  Reflectance  
Specular  Condition  =  Included  
Extended  Measurements  =  SCI/SCE  
UV  Filer  Pos/UV  Energy  =  UVD65/Cal/UVCal  
 
 
Enter  a  name  for  this  calibration  mode  
 
Press  [OK]  to  leave  the  Calibration  mode  properties.    

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 How  to  Guide    

A  new  calibration  mode  has  

been  added  now.  
 
Select  mode  5  and  calibrate  it  
with  the  normal  calibration  
procedure.    
 
The  calibration  will  include  SCI  
and  SCE  
 
Click  [Close]  to  leave  the  box      

 
 
   
 
• Next  the  data  output  has  to  be  prepared  to  include  gloss  
Make  a  right  mouse  click  into  the  
multi  trial  data  view  

 
From  the  right  mouse  key  mouse  
key  menu  -­‐  select  properties  

 
From  the  possible  Attributes  (left  
side)  select  Gloss  and  press  the  
button  facing  to  the  right  side  and  
include  the  Gloss  into  the  list  of  
Selected  Attributes.  
 
If  you  want  you  can  move  it  to  a  
different  position  within  the  list.  
 
Press  [Apply]  and  press  [OK].  
   

 
Next  -­‐  take  measurements  using  the  measurement  routines  for  trails  and  measure  

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The  results  will  be  shown  in  the  

multi  trial  data  display  
 
The  correlated  gloss  data  will  be  
included.  
 
 

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How  can  I  measure  SCI  and  SCE?  

This  measurement  option  is  available  with  the  Color-­‐Eye  XTH,  Color  i5,  and  Color  i7,  7000-­‐instruments  SP-­‐Series.  
For  SP-­‐Series  Instruments  all  measurements  must  be  made  with  SCI/SCE  to  be  able  to  use  the  automatic  standard  
defininition  in  the  instrument.  
 
• First  step  -­‐  prepare  the  calibration  mode  for  the  gloss  measurement    
 
Select  a  calibration  mode  for  
SCI/SCE  measurement.  If  it  is  
not  yet  available  to  you  have  
to  create  one.  
 

 
 
Select  the  following  settings:  
Remove  the  check  next  to  "Enable  auto  
configuration  by  spectrophotometer"  
R/T  Mode  =  Reflectance  
Specular  Condition  =  Included  
Extended  Measurements  =  SCI/SCE  
UV  Filer  Pos/UV  Energy  =  UVD65/Cal/UVCal  
 
 
Enter  a  name  for  this  calibration  mode  
 
Press  [OK]  to  leave  the  Calibration  Mode  
Properties  Window.    

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Select  mode  5  and  

calibrate  it  with  the  
normal  calibration  
procedure.    
 
The  calibration  will  
include  SCI  and  SCE  
 
Click  [Close]  to  
leave  the  box      

 
 
Take  measurements  in  the  known  way.    
 
The  Measure  Trial  Windows  will  have  the  
information  mode  (SCI/SCE)  in  the  header.  

 
 
The  data  will  be  shown  in  the  
multi-­‐trial  data  view.  
To  provide  more  clearance  the  
measurement  condition  has  
been  added  to  the  view.    
 
 

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In  order  to  change  the  display  of  data  to  SCE  mode,  
do  a  right  mouse  key  click  into  the  data  section  of  
tree  view.  

 
 
Select  “Use  extended  data  for  calculation”  

 
 
This  will  display  the  
results  for  SCE  
condition.  

 
 
 
   

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How  to  measure  the  contrast  ratio  from  OL/OD  measurements?  
Within  iQC  the  contrast  ratio  can  be  calculated  from  over  light  and  over  dark  measurements  
• First  step  -­‐  prepare  the  calibration  mode  for  the  OverLight  and  OverDark  measurements  
 
Select  a  calibration  
mode  for  OL/OD  
measurement.  If  it  
is  not  yet  available  
to  you  have  to  [Add  
New]  one.  
 

 
 
Select  the  following  settings:  
Remove  the  check  next  to  "Enable  auto  
configuration  by  spectrophotometer"  
R/T  Mode  =  Reflectance  
Specular  Condition  =  Included  
UV  Filer  Pos/UV  Energy  =  UVD65/Cal/UVCal  
Extended  Measurements  =  OverLight/Over  
Dark  
 
 
Enter  a  name  for  this  calibration  mode  
 
Press  [OK]  to  leave  the  Calibration  Mode  
Properties  Window.    

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Select  mode  6  and  

calibrate  it  with  the  
normal  calibration  
procedure.    
 
 
Click  [Close]  to  
leave  the  box      

 
 

 
 
 
The  measurement  windows  will  show   Within  the  measurement  sequence   and  over  black  background  
in  the  header  which  measurement   you  will  be  asked  to  present  the  
mode  is  used   samle  over  white  
 
The  data  for  the  over  light  
measurements  will  be  shown  in  
the  multi-­‐trial  data  view.  
To  provide  the  Opacity_CR  
information  the  opacity  
    information  has  been  added  to  
  the  view.    
In  order  to  change  the  information  in  the  multi-­‐trial  data  view  –  do  a  
right  mouse  click  into  the  multitrial  data  view  and  select  the  
properties…  from  the  menu  
 

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In  the  Properties  Windows  for  the  Multi-­‐trial  

setup  select  Opacity_CR  and  press  the  key  
facing  to  the  right.  
 
This  should  be  done  for  standard  and  trial  
   

 
 
Now  the  data  mutitrial  data  
view    will  include  the  
Opacity_CR  information  along  
with  with  the  Over  Light  data.  
If  the  Over  Dark  data  are  
desired  the  output  must  be  
 
changed  
Mark  the  standard  or  sample  in  the  tree  view  and  press  the  right  
mouse  key.    

 
Select  to  use  the  extended  data  for  calculation  

 
   

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In  order  to  change  the  
display  of  data  to  SCE  
mode,  do  a  right  
mouse  key  click  into  
the  data  section  of  
tree  view.  

 
 
Select  “Use  extended  data  for  calculation”  

 
 
This  will  display  the  
results  for  SCE  
condition.  

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How  can  I  start  a  timed  measurement  to  take  automatic  readings?  
 
For  some  application,  there  is  need  to  measure  the  changes  of  samples  with  the  time.    
Also,  when  long  time  performance  tests  of  the  instruments  have  to  be  done,  an  automatic  measurement  is  very  
useful.  There  is  a  function  build  into  the  program  which  allows  to  perform  these  measurements  automatically  
 
• Step  1  –  open  a  new  job    
• Step  2  -­‐  Select  the  desired  calibration  mode  for  the  spectro  
• Step  3  –  Calibrate  if  required  
• Step  4  -­‐    measure  the  standard  –  if  trial  measurements  in  relation  to  a  standard  need  to  be  made  
• Step  5  –  Setup  the  timed  measurement  in  the  following  way  
 
From  the  main  menu  –  select  Data    -­‐  there  you  select  
Measure  with  your  Spectro  
 
 
Next  you  select  Timed  Measurements    
  (alternately  you  can  do  the  same  with  [CTRL]  +  [F6]  
Within  the  Auto  Read  Setup  –  you  can  enter    
 
• the  timer  interval    
• Sample  Name    
• Maximum  number  of  readings  to  be  done  

 
As  soon  as  you  press  [OK]  the  
measurement  starts  
 
Make  sure,  that  you  have  
placed  the  sample  before  

 
 
Attention:  To  avoid,  that  the  time  frame  for  the  total  number  of  measurements  exceeds  the  calibration  time  –  
either  adapt  the  timer  there  or  enter  a  0  to  exclude  the  calibration  timer  control.  
 

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How  can  I  enter  a  new  standard  with  color  metric  data  only?  
 
Sometimes  customers  provide  standard  specification  in  terms  of  L*a*b*  -­‐  data  only.  The  question  is  –  how  can  
these  be  entered  into  the  system?  
 
• Step  1  –  Choose  the  job  –  in  which  you  want  to  store  the  new  standard  
• Step  2  –  Do  a  right  mouse  click  into  the  Tree-­‐View  Data  section  (alternately  press  the  [insert]  button  on  
your  keyboard  
 
The  right  mouse  menu  will  provide  you  a  list  of  options  
 
Select  the  Create  a  Measurement  

 
 
• Step  3  
 
This  opens  the  Trial  Properties  
Windows  
 
On  the  Tab  Name  –  you  can  
enter  the  name  of  the  sample  
for  which  you  want  to  enter  the  
lab-­‐data  and  the  Data  Type  .  If  
you  want  to  enter  Standard  
Data  select  Standard      

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Step  4    
 
Select  the  type  of  color  metric  
data    
 
Select  the  illuminant  observer  
condition  of  the  color  metric  
data  
 
Enter  the  color  metric  data  
 
Press  [Apply]  
Press  [OK]  

 
 
This  standard  is  now  available  for  comparison  like  any  
other  standard  
 
Attention  –  It  always  has  to  be  kept  in  mind  that  this  
standard  is  only  valid  for  those  data  entered.    

 
 
 
 
 

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Transmission  Measurement  
The  color  or  the  transmission  spectrum  of  colored  liquids  or  colored  solid  materials  such  as  foils  can  be  measured  
with  the  Color_i7  or  Color_i5.  
Principally  the  user  can  measure  the  direct  (for  clear  samples)  or  the  total  (for  turbid  sample)  Transmission.  
Measuring  the  direct  transmission  only  the  direct  light  beam  transmitted  by  the  sample  will  be  considered.  Since  
there  is  lot  of  scattering  in  turbid  samples  the  recommendation  is  to  collect  all  light  transmitted  through  the  
sample.  
 

How  to  prepare  for  Transmission  measurement  and  how  to  calibrate      
White  Standard  

The  sphere  has  to  be  closed  with  the  Calibration  White  Standard  (i5)  or  with  TX-­‐cover  (i7).    
• The  Tx-­‐Cover  (see  picture)  is  made  from  steel  and  will  fixed  to  the  front  through  the  magnetic  behavior.  It  is  needed  
to  complete  the  Ulbricht  sphere  and  it  needs  to  be  kept  all  the  time  in  front  of  the  sphere..      
• If  the  transmission  white  standard  is  used  this  should  stay  all  the  time  in  the  position.  
 
Tx-­‐Cover  with   Transmission    
integrated  white  (i7)   White  Standard  for  
Calibration  
 

 
 
 

Sample  Holder    

 
• The  thin-­‐film-­‐sample  holder  or  the  liquid  cell  holder  can  be  mounted  in  the  transmission  part  of  the  instrument,  prior  
to  the  calibration.  This  is  decision  of  the  user.  
• In  case  of  measurement  of  liquids,  we  would  recommend  to  include  the  empty  and  cleaned  cuvette  (quartz)  into  the  
calibration  process.    
   
 
 
For Total Transmittance
the measurement will be Thin-film sample
done at the sphere holder

                                                                                           
 

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  Cuvette holder for measurement of
  liquids on the base plane.
 

 
Calibration  Mode  

In  order  to  do  any  measurement  in  iQC  a  proper  measurement  mode  has  to  be  selected.  If  it  is  not  yet  available  it  has  to  be  
created.  
   

  r  

 
 

Calibration  

Once  all  preparation  have  been  made  and  the  desired  calibration  mode  has  to  be  selected  and  the  calibration  has  to  be  
started.  (press  F4  or  the  proper  icon   )  
• The  calibration  will  be  guided  by  the  Color  iQC.  
• Step1  –  White  calibration  
In  the  first  step  the  white  calibration  has  to  be  made.  Either  the  TX  sphere  cover  with  integrated  white  or  the  White  
Transmission  Standard  has  to  be  placed  in  front  of  the  instrument.  It  has  to  be  kept  all  the  time  in  this  position.    

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• Step  2  –  Black  calibrations  

In  the  second  step  the  black  standard  (black  plastic  chip)  –  has  to  be  placed  next  to  the  sphere  opening.  The  easiest  will  
be  to  fix  the  sample  between  thin-­‐film-­‐holder  and  the  sphere.  The  sphere  opening  should  be  completely  covered.  
 
A  black  standard  (is  provided  as  
part  of  the  Transmission  
Package)  will  be  placed  in    
the  cell  holder    

     

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How  to  do  Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Total  Transmittance  
• To  do  a  color  measurement  in  transmission  mode  the  following  a  job  has  to  be  opened/created  
• The  correct  type  of  calibration  mode  for  the  transmission  measurement  has  to  be  selected  
 

 
• If  calibration  expired  –  calibration  has  to  be  made  
 
Transparent  liquid  samples  
• For  liquid  samples  the  cell  holder  has  to  be  mounted  to  the  base  panel.  This  will  fix  
direct  into  the  wholes  on  the  ground  of  the  instrument.  The  cell  holder  should  be  
placed  very  close  to  the  sphere  whole.    
• The  liquid  sample  will  be  entered  into  the  cuvette  and  this  will  be  placed  into  the  cell  
holder.  
   
 
Transparent  plastic  chips    
• The  thin-­‐foils-­‐sample-­‐holder  will  be  mounted  to  the  base  panel.  This  will  fix  directly  
into  the  wholes  on  the  ground  of  the  instrument.  The  sample  holder  should  be  placed  
very  close  to  the  sphere  whole.    
• The  liquid  sample  will  be  entered  into  the  sample  holder.  

   
 

   

• Once  the  sample  has  been  presented  correctly  the  measurement  can  be  activated  (F6)  or    within  the  iQC  
program.  
• The  iQC  program  works  for  transmission  samples  in  the  same  way  as  it  would  with  opaque  samples  –  standards  and  
trials  can  be  measured,  evaluations  can  be  done  afterwards  and  reports  can  be  generated  

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How  to  do  Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Direct  Transmittance    
• To  do  a  color  measurement  in  transmission  mode  the  following  a  job  has  to  be  opened/created  
• The  correct  type  of  calibration  mode  for  the  transmission  measurement  has  to  be  selected  
 

 
• If  calibration  expired  –  calibration  has  to  be  made  
 
Transparent  plastic  chips    
• The  thin-­‐foils-­‐sample-­‐holder  will  be  mounted  to  the  base  panel.  The  base  panel  will  
fix  directly  into  the  wholes  on  the  ground  of  the  instrument.  The  sample  holder  
should  be  placed  very  close  to  the  lens.    
• The  plastic  chip  sample  will  be  entered  into  the  thin-­‐foils-­‐sample-­‐holder  

 
• Once  the  sample  has  been  presented  correctly  the  measurement  can  be  

activated  (F6)    within  the  iQC  program.  

• The  iQC  program  works  for  transmission  samples  in  the  same  way  as  it  would  
with  opaque  samples  –  standards  and  trials  can  be  measured,  evaluations  can  
be  done  afterwards  and  reports  can  be  generated  
   
 
 
 
 

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Color  Measurement  in  Transmission  mode  –  Haze  
With  the  i5  or  i7  instrument  the  haze  of  samples  can  be  measured.  To  measure  haze  two  single  measurements  
have  to  be  made  one  with  a  white  calibration  standard  in  place  and  one  with  a  black  (Black  Standard)  in  place.  
Only  those  samples  with  a  good  dispersion  and  good  resistance  of  sedimentation  should  be  measured.  

How  to  prepare  for  Haze  Calibration?  

• First  of  all  the  sphere  has  to  be  closed  with  the  Calibration  White  Standard  or  with  TX-­‐cover.    
• The  Tx-­‐Cover  (see  picture)  is  made  from  steel  and  will  fixed  to  the  front  through  the  magnetic  behavior.  It  is  needed  
to  complete  the  Ulbricht  sphere.      
• If  the  other  option  is  to  use  the  white  standard  
 
Tx-­‐Cover  with   Transmission    
integrated  white   White  Standard  for  
Calibration  
 

 
 
 
• The  thin-­‐film-­‐sample  holder  or  the  liquid  cell  holder  can  be  mounted  in  the  transmission  part  of  the  instrument,  prior  
to  the  calibration.  This  is  decision  of  the  user.  
• In  case  of  measurement  of  liquids,  we  would  recommend  to  include  the  empty  and  cleaned  cuvette  (quartz)  into  the  
calibration  process.    
 
 

 
• Once  the  preparation  has  been  made  the  desired  calibration  mode  has  to  be  selected  and  the  calibration  has  to  be  started.  
(press  F4  or  the  proper  icon   )  
• The  calibration  will  be  guided  by  the  Color  iQC.  
• Step1  –  White  calibration  
In  the  first  step  the  white  calibration  has  to  be  made.  Either  the  TX  sphere  cover  with  integrated  white  or  the  white  
transmission  standard  has  to  be  placed  in  front  of  the  instrument.    
• Step  2  –  Black  calibration  with  the  black  trap  
In  the  second  step  the  black  trap  will  be  requested.  Place  it  in  front  of  the  spectro  and  do  a  measurement.  
 
 
 

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How  to  do  Haze  Measurement?  
• To  do  a  haze  measurement  a  job  has  to  be  opened/created  
• The  correct  type  of  calibration  mode  for  the  transmission  measurement  has  to  be  selected  
 

 
• If  calibration  expired  –  calibration  has  to  be  made  
 
Liquid  samples  
• For  liquid  samples  the  cell  holder  has  to  be  mounted  to  the  base  panel.  This  will  fix  
direct  into  the  wholes  on  the  ground  of  the  instrument.  The  cell  holder  should  be  
placed  very  close  to  the  sphere  whole.    
• The  liquid  sample  will  be  entered  into  the  cuvette  and  this  will  be  placed  into  the  cell  
holder.  
    • The  measurement  will  be  done  in  two  steps    
o over  the  white  transmission  standard    
o over  the  black  trap  
• Once  the  measurement  has  been  done  evaluations  can  be  done  and  reports  can  be  
generated  
 
Plastic  chips  and  foils    
• The  thin-­‐foils-­‐sample-­‐holder  will  be  mounted  to  the  base  panel.  This  will  fix  directly  
into  the  wholes  on  the  ground  of  the  instrument.  The  sample  holder  should  be  placed  
very  close  to  the  sphere  whole.    
• The  liquid  sample  will  be  entered  into  the  sample  holder.  
• The  measurement  will  be  done  in  two  steps    
    o over  the  white  transmission  standard    
o over  the  black  trap  
Once  the  measurement  has  been  done  evaluations  can  be  done  and  reports  can  be  
generated  
 
 

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How  to  set  up  the  Multi  Trial  view  to  see  the  Haze  Data?  
 
 
In  order  to  show  the  measured  haze  data  
the  haze  information  has  to  be  added  to  
the  multi  trial  view.  
You  can  do  this  by  clicking  into  the  multi  
trial  and  press  the  right  mouse  key.  Then  
select  properties  and  the  Multi  Trial  View  
Windows  will  open.  
Select  the  Haze  information  in  the  box  of  
possible  attributes  and  press  the  double  
arrow  key  facing  to  the  right.  This  will  
move  the  haze  to  the  right  box.  

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How  to  measure  correlated  Haze  on  a  7000A  instrument  

Also  with  the  7000A  instrument  the  haze  of  samples  can  be  measured.  However  there  is  the  little  difference  to  the  
above  information  on  the  i5  and  i7  instrument.  Due  to  the  fact,  that  the  7000A  instrument  doesn´t  require  a  black  
calibration  in  the  transmission  mode,  the  Haze  function  cannot  be  done  in  this  mode.    For  the  7000A  instrument  
you  will  have  to  use  the  correlated  haze.  
 
On  the  7000A  instrument  a  correlated  
haze  measurement  can  be  done,  when  in  
the  R/T  Mode  with  the  activated    
Reflectance  the  option  correlated  haze  is  
selected    

 
 
Calibrate  the  instrument  in  the  Reflectance  Mode.    
Place  the  samples  within  transmission  chamber  –  place  them  close  to  the  sphere  and  follow  the  instruction  to  
place  the  black  and  white  standard  for  the  measurement.  
 

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Haze  Correlation  
Even  a  sphere  based  spectrophotometer  can  be  used  to  measure  a  correlated  Haze  –  it  is  not  really  build  up  like  a  
Haze  Meter.  Therefore  it  might  well  be,  that  the  results  achieved  by  the  sphere  based  spectrophotometer  do  not  
agree  to  those  of  the  Haze  meter.    If  a  series  of  samples  with  a  haze  value  available  –  the  results  from  the  
spectrophotometer  might  be  adjustable  to  the  target  results.  Within  the  user  settings  (F2  if  no  job  is  loaded)  of  the  
iQC  program  –  there  are  two  sets  data,  which  can  be  used  to  influence  the  results.        
The  Haze  factor  is  a  linear  factor  (default  value  =  0)    
The  Haze  and  Opacity  Black  Offset  factor  is  an  offset  from  0.  

 
 

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Tolerances  
Program  workflow  for  tolerance  settings    
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  supports  3  different  types  of  general  tolerance  handling.  
• Individual  standard  settings  
• The  same  tolerances  for  all  standards  
• Automatic  CMC  tolerancing  
 
This  general  tolerance  setting  is  defined  in  the  QC-­‐Setting  
 
In  the  Color  iQC  Job  settings  -­‐  on  the  
tab  QC  -­‐  the  user  can  decide  which  
type  of  tolerance  handling  he  wants  to  
use.  
 
In  case  the  option  "Get  Tolerance  
From"  Standard  is  activated  -­‐  the  
program  workflow  will  check  first  at  
the  selected  standard,  whether  
individual  tolerances  are  stored  along  
with  the  standard.  If  this  is  not  the  case  
the  program  workflow  will  use  the  
system  default  settings  as  defined  in  
this  window.    
In  case  the  system  default  is  activated  
the  program  logic  will  use  the  
tolerance  settings  as  defined  in  this  
screen    

 
 

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When  and  how  to  use  system  tolerances?  
For  companies,  which  do  not  yet  have  any  experience  with  individual  tolerances  and  do  not  have  specific  
customers  with  individual  tolerances  for  individual  standards  the  use  of  system  tolerance  is  very  often  used.  Only  
at  one  location  1  tolerance  setting  has  to  be  defined  and  this  will  work  for  all  standards    
 
In  order  to  set  the  program  
workflow  in  such  way,  that  no  
individual  tolerances  should  
be  considered  the  “Get  
Tolerance  From  System  
Default”  has  to  be  activated.        
 
In  this  case  the  tolerance  data  
as  defined  in  this  screen  will  
be  used.  

 
 
There  is  a  choice  of  6  different  tolerance  systems.    
This  includes    
• DE*    
• DEcmc  
• DE2000  
• Rectangular  (DL*,  DC*,  DH*)    
 
• Rectangular  (DL*,Da*,Db*)    
• Rectangular  (DL00,  DC00,  DH00)  
 

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In  the  System  Default  Tolerances  the  Pass/Fail-­‐Value  for  the  selected  

tolerance  system  is  defined  with  a  margin  value  for  warning  information.  
 

 
If  either  the  Rectangular  (DL*,Da*,Db*)  system  or  the  
Rectangular  (DL*,  DC*,  DH*)  is  selected  individual  tolerances  
can  be  defined  for  each  parameter.    
 
 
Attention:  For  the  above  tolerance  setting  with  de-­‐central  
tolerances  data  is  only  available  –  if  the  number  of  visual  sorting  
steps  has  been  set  to  1.    

 
If  the  function  Test  under  all  3  illuminants  (as  defined  
  on  the  Color  iQC-­‐Setting  Tab  General)  –  for  each  of  the  
3  illuminants  tolerances  can  be  provided.  

 
 

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When  and  how  to  use  individual  tolerances  for  each  standard?  
The  use  of  individual  tolerances  for  each  standard  is  recommended,  if  you  are  working  with  customers  which  have  
individual  tolerances  for  each  standard.  IQC  provides  a  lot  of  flexibility  to  handle  such  cases.  For  each  standard  
individual  tolerance  systems  (DE*,  DECMC,  DE00,  …  )  as  well  as  individual  tolerance  values  can  be  used.  
 
In  order  to  allow  individual  
tolerances  for  each  standard,  
the  selection  "Get  Tolerance  
From"  Standard  has  to  be  
activated.    In  this  case  the  
program  workflow  will  check  
first  at  the  selected  standard,  
whether  individual  tolerances  
are  stored  along  with  the  
standard.  If  this  is  not  the  
case  the  program  workflow  
will  use  the  system  default  
settings  as  defined  in  this  
window.    
In  case  the  system  default  is  
activated  the  program  logic  
will  use  the  tolerance  
settings  as  defined  in  this  
screen.  
   

 
 
In  order  to  provide  individual  
tolerances  to  a  standard  the  
standard  will  be  have  to  be  
marked  in  the  tree  view  
windows  and  the  right  mouse  
  key  has  to  be  used.  
From  the  option  menu  the  
“Properties”  function  option  
has  to  be  selected.  

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In  the  properties  for  the  

selected  standard  on  the  tab  
“Stored  Standard”  the  
tolerances  for  the  standard  
can  be  set.  
The  choice  includes    
• DECMC  
• Rectangular  
DL*Da*Db*DC*DH*  
• DE2000/94/99  
 
Individual  tolerances’  for  
different  illuminants  can  be  
defined.    
 

 
Special  functions  can  be  used  to  calculate  tolerances  based  on  existing  trail  data.  
 
LC-­‐Ratio   If  a  different  ratio  of  L:C  than  defined  in  the  system  setting  should  be  used  it  can  be  
set  at  this  point  
Number  of  steps  for   In  this  box  the  number  of  sorting  steps  within  the  555  sorting  can  be  defined  here  
sorting  
Tolerances   Within  this  section  the  tolerances  can  be  defined  
Calculate  from  CMC   The  Tolerances  DL*,  Da*  …  as  shown  can  be  calculated  from  the  manual  entered  P/F-­‐
Tolerance  value  
   
 

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How  to  calculate  individual  standard  tolerances  based  on  statistical  data?  
 
In  order  to  allow  use  individual  tolerances  for  each  
standard,  the  selection  "Get  Tolerance  From"  Standard  
has  to  be  activated.    In  this  case  the  program  workflow  
will  check  first  at  the  selected  standard,  whether  
individual  tolerances  are  stored  along  with  the  standard.  
If  this  is  not  the  case  the  program  workflow  will  use  the  
  system  default  settings  as  defined  in  this  window.    
  In  case  the  system  default  is  activated  the  program  logic  
will  use  the  tolerance  settings  as  defined  in  this  screen.  
   
Minimum  10  acceptable  trials  have  to  be  associated  with  
the  standard.  There  is  no  difference  whether  the  sample  
have  been  marked/selected  or  not  marked/selected.  
 

 
 
In  order  to  provide  
individual  tolerances  to  a  
standard  the  standard  will  
be  have  to  be  marked  in  the  
tree  view  windows  and  the  
  right  mouse  key  has  to  be  
used.  
  From  the  option  menu  the  
“Properties”  function  option  
has  to  be  selected.  

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Within  the  properties  of  the  

standard  the  Tab  “Standard  
Tolerances”  has  to  be  
selected.  
Once  a  sigma  limit  has  been  
entered  the  button  
“Compute  Statistical  
Tolerances”  has  to  be  
clicked.  A  set  of  DL*,  Da*,  
Db*,  DC*  and  DH*  will  be  
provided.  
 
 

 How  to  calculate  logical  CMC  tolerances  for  a  standard?  

 
In  order  to  allow  using  individual  tolerances  for  each  
standard,  the  selection  "Get  Tolerance  From"  Standard  
has  to  be  activated.    In  this  case  the  program  workflow  
will  check  first  at  the  selected  standard,  whether  
individual  tolerances  are  stored  along  with  the  standard.  
If  this  is  not  the  case  the  program  workflow  will  use  the  
  system  default  settings  as  defined  in  this  window.    
  In  case  the  system  default  is  activated  the  program  logic  
will  use  the  tolerance  settings  as  defined  in  this  screen.  
   
A  minimum  of  10  samples/trials  and  at  least  one  selected  
(fail)  in  order  to  compute  logical  tolerances  for  a  
standard.    The  more  samples  the  better  the  tolerance  
generation.    
 

 
 
In  order  to  provide  
individual  tolerances  to  a  
standard  the  standard  will  
be  have  to  be  marked  in  the  
tree  view  windows  and  the  
  right  mouse  key  has  to  be  
used.  
  From  the  option  menu  the  

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“Properties”  function  option  

has  to  be  selected.  

 
 
Within  the  properties  of  
the  standard  the  Tab  
“Standard  Tolerances”  
has  to  be  selected.  
Once  a  sigma  limit  has  
been  entered  the  button  
“Compute  Logical  
Tolerances”  has  to  be  
clicked.  A  set  of  DL*,  Da*,  
Db*,  DC*  and  DH*  and  
the  CMC  P/F  tolerance  
will  be  provided.  
 
 

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How  to  transfer  tolerances  from  one  standard  to  another  standard?  
 
Sometime  it  is  useful  to  transfer  the  tolerances  from  one  standard  to  another  standard.  This  can  easily  be  done.  
 
 
Let’s  assume  that  the  standard  Brown  1  contains  the  tolerances,  
DL*  1,  Da*  0.5,  Db*  0.5,  DC*  0.5  DH*  0.7      which  need  to  be  
transferred  to  Woodrose  1  –  the  following  way  of  operation  should  
be  used.  
   
• Select  Brown  1  (the  standard,  which  provides  the  tolerances)  as  
the  current  standard  
• Mark  Woodrose  1  (the  standard,  which  should  receive  the  
tolerances)  
• Press  right  mouse  key  and  select  Properties  
   
 
In  the  tolerance  used  the  last  
used  tolerances  will  be  shown  –  
by  pressing  Save  to  Standard  –  
these  tolerances  will  be  stored  to  
the  standard.  
 
 

 
 

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Which  tolerances  are  shown  and  used?  

     
As  indicated  earlier  iQC  a  very  complex  and  flexible  way  to  handle  tolerances.  Which  tolerances  are  shown  and  
used  for  Pass/Fail  –  depends  on  the  several  settings  in  the  System  Defaults  and  in  the  standard  properties.      
 
Information  about  System  settings  you  will  find  here:  When  and  how  to  use  system  tolerances?  
Information  about  Standard  properties:  When  and  how  to  use  individual  tolerances  for  each  standard?  
 
In  the  iQC  program  tolerances  and  Pass/Fail-­‐Decisions  will  be  shown  in  the  Standard/Multi  Trial  View.      
 
Tolerances  are  shown  in  the  
Standard/Multi  Trial  View,  if  
 
the  option  is  activated.    
 
Decisions  about  P/F  are  based  
on  the  displayed  tolerances  
and  the  system  settings.      

 
 
 
 

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Tolerances  –  P/F  on  Total  difference  only  
 

     
System  Settings   System  Default  Tolerances      
Standard  Tolerances  
 
• In  the  Systemsettings  (F2-­‐Tab:QC)  it  is  defined  where  to  get  the  tolerances  from  
• Additional  the  System  Tolerance  is  defined  at  the  this  location  
• The  Tolerance  for  the  standard  is  defined  for  each  standard  in  its  properties    
• Whats  shown  in  the  tolerance  display  in  the  iQC  depends  on  the  settings  according  to  the  following  decision  
flow.  
o 1  
 “Get  Tolerance  From”  =  Standard    
 P/F-­‐value  for  the  Standard  =  available  
 Show:  P/F  tolerances  from  Standard  
o 2  
 “Get  Tolerance  From”  =  Standard    
 P/F-­‐value  for  the  standard  =  0  
 P/F-­‐value  for  System  Default  Tolerances  =  available  
 Show:  P/F  of  System  Default  Tolerances  
o 3  
 “Get  Tolerance  From”  =  Standard    
 P/F-­‐value  for  the  standard  =  0  
 P/F-­‐value  for  System  Default  Tolerances  =  0  
 Show:  0  
• Attention:  A  Pass/Fail  decision  is  still  done  on  CMC=1  
o 4  
 “Get  Tolerance  From”  =  Systemstandard    
 P/F-­‐value  for  System  Default  Tolerances  =  available  
 Show:  P/F  of  System  Default  Tolerances  
o 5  
 “Get  Tolerance  From”  =  Calculated  using  CMC    
 Show  =  0  
• Attention:  A  Pass/Fail  deicision  is  still  done  on  CMC=1  
 
 
 

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System-­‐Einstellungen   Systemstandard    
Standard  Toleranz  
 

 
Systemstandard  Attribute  Toleranzen    
  Standard  Attribute  Toleranzen  
 
• In  the  Systemsettings  (F2-­‐Tab:QC)  it  is  defined  where  to  get  the  tolerances  from  
• Additional  the  System  Tolerance  is  defined  at  the  this  location  
• The  Tolerance  for  the  standard  is  defined  for  each  standard  in  its  properties    
• What’  s  shown  in  the  DL*  Da”  Db”  tolerance  display  in  the  iQC  depends  on  the  settings  according  to  the  following  
decision  flow.  
o 1  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Standard    
 Standard  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  available    
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerance  from  Standard  
o 2  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Standard    
 Standard  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0  
 Standard  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  available  
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  calculated  based  on  P/F-­‐value  from  Standard  
o 3  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Standard    
 Standard  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0  
 Standard  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  0  
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  available    
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  from  System    
o 4  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Standard    
 Standard  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0  
 Standard  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  0  
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0    
 System  Default  P/F-­‐Tolerances  =  available  
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  based  on  calculation  of  P/F-­‐Tolerances  from  System  
o 5  

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 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Standard    

 Standard  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0  
 Standard  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  0  
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0    
 System  Default  P/F-­‐Tolerances  =  0  
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  based  on  calculation  of  Default  Tolerance  of  1  
o 6  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  System  Default    
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  available    
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  from  System  Default    
o 7  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  System  Default    
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0    
 System  Default  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  available  
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  calculated  from  System  P/F-­‐Default    
o 8  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  System  Default    
 System  Default  Attribute  Tolerances  (dL*  da*  db”  dC”  DH*)  =  0    
 System  Default  P/F-­‐Tolerance  =  0  
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  calculated  from  Default  Tolerance  of  1    
o 9  
 Get  Tolerance  From  =  Calculated  from  CMC    
 Show:  Attribute  Tolerances  calculated  from  Default  Tolerance  of  1    
 
 

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Which  decision  will  be  taken?  

 
Pass/Fail-­‐value  (Standard  or  
System)  and  the  whether  or  
not  attributes  should  be  
considered  for  P/F  will  
influence  Pass/Fail  decision  
 

 
In  this  case  a  P/F  will  be  done  on  the  P/F-­‐value  only  –  since  attributes  are  not  checked.  
All  samples,  which  exceed  a  DEcmc  0.5  will  be  be  failed.  All  fails  will  be  shown  in  red  
color    
 

 
In  this  case  also  the  color  attributes  will  be  used  for  P/F.  All  trials,  which  exceed  the  
tlerances  as  show  in  the  tolerance  window  will  be  failed.  All  fails  will  be  shown  in  red  
 
color.  
 
 
 

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QC  Tree  View  -­‐  operation  
How  to  change  the  association  of  trial  to  a  standard?  
Within  the  operation  it  can  happen,  that  a  trial  will  by  mistake  linked  to  the  wrong  standard  
 
In  this  example  the  trial  Bone  1.5B  has  been  associated  to  the  
standard  Brown  1.    
 
In  order  to  change  it  the  following  procedure  has  to  be  used.  
 

 
 
Within  the  standard  selection  field  the  target  standard  Bone  1  has  
to  be  selected.    
Next  the  trial,  which  needs  to  be  transferred,  has  to  be  marked  and  
right  mouse  key  has  to  be  pressed.  
 
Next  the  function  Associate  Trial  with  current  Standard  has  to  be  
selected  
 

 
 
The  trial  Bone  1.5B  has  been  associated  to  standard  Bone  1    

 
   

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How  to  remove  the  association  of  trial  to  a  standard?  
Within  the  operation  it  sometimes  can  be  required  to  completely  remove  a  association  to  a  standard    
 
In  this  example  the  trial  Bone  1.5B  has  been  associated  to  the  
standard  Bone  1.    
 
If  this  association  should  be  completely  removed,  the  
following  can  be  done  
 

 
 
Within  the  standard  selection  field  the  target  standard  <no  
standard>    has  to  be  selected.    
Next  the  trial,  which  needs  to  be  transferred,  has  to  be  marked  
and  right  mouse  key  has  to  be  pressed.  
 
Next  the  function  Associate  Trial  with  current  Standard  has  to  be  
selected  
 
 
 
 
The  trail  Bone  1.5B  is  now  without  any  association.    

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How  to  copy  a  series  of  measurements  from  one  job  to  another  job?  
Within  the  operation  it  sometimes  can  be  necessary  to  copy  a  series  of  samples  from  one  job  to  another  job.    
 
Both  jobs  (job  with  data  to  be  copied  and  the  
target  job)  need  to  be  opend    
All  data  to  be  copied  need  to  be  marked.  Keeping  the  mouse  
pressed  the  mouse  pointer  has  to  be  moved  to  the  header  of  the  
target  job  and  as  soon  the  target  job  opens  the  mouse  pointer  
has  to  be  moved  into  the  data  section  of  the  target  job.  Here  the  
mouse  will  be  released.    
This  copies  all  the  data.  
 

   
 
All  data  have  been  transferred  to  the  new  job  

 
 
The  same  functionality  can  be  reached  by  masking  all  samples  to  be  copied  –  then  use  [Ctrl]  +  [C]  –  then  go  to  the  
target  job  and  use  [Ctrl]  +  [V]  
 

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How  can  I  edit  a  standard  or  trial?  

Sometimes  it  is  required  to  do  some  changes  to  the  record  of  a  standard  or  sample.  F.e.  change  the  name  or  
change  the  type  of  record  or  ….  
 
Example:  
The  trial  501010  has  been  measured  like  a  trail  –  it  
needs  to  become  a  standard  and  a  different  name  has  
to  be  applied  
 
Click  the  trial  –  then  press  the  right  mouse  key    

 
Select  the  properties  function  

 
First  we  select  the  
Tab  Name  and  do  the  
modification  to  the  
Full-­‐Name  

 
Next  click  on  the  arrow  underneath  the  Data  Type  and  
we  select  the  Standard    

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Finally  we  press  apply  and  ok  

 
The  previous  trail  T501010  is  now  a  standard  with  the  
name  STD501010  

 
 
These  changes  will  be  made  to  the  data  in  the  job  only.  If  you  want  to  make  them  apply  to  the  data  in  the  
database  as  well,  please  proceed  as  follows  
Click  the  desired  sample  

 
Select  save  to  database  

 
 

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e-­‐Job’s  
How  can  I  make  sure,  that  changes,  which  have  been  made  to  a  job  will  still  be  the  same,  
if  I  start  the  job  the  next  time  again?  
Situation:  
I  have  modified  a  job  to  give  me  very  specific  display  of  data  and  I  experience,  that  anytime  i  start  the  job  again,  
that  I  am  back  to  the  old  settings.    
 
Solution:  
Your  job  is  linked  to  a  setting  file  which  contains  a  different  data  display.  Anytime  you  start  the  job  –  it  will  use  the  
settings  as  defined  in  this  setting.  If  you  want,  that  the  job  will  keep  use  your  modified  settings,  you  will  have  
disconnect  the  job  from  the  setting  file.  
 
 
If  you  want  to  disconnect  the  e-­‐job  from  
the  default  setting  –  do  the  following:  
• Go  to  the  Color  iQC  Settings  [F2].  
• Choose  the  TAB  General  
• Here  you  will  find  which  settings  file  
your  job  is  connected  to.  
• Click  the  button      [Disconnect  e-­‐job  
from  settings  file].    
 
 

   
 
Now  the  job  has  been  disconnected  all  
settings  will  be  stored  within  the  job  now.  
 
   
 
 

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How  can  I  make  sure,  that  changes  will  apply  to  new  jobs?  
Situation:  
Changes  have  been  made  to  the  jobs  for  example  –  a  new  logo  is  used  -­‐  or  a  new  selection  of  illuminants  has  been  
applied  -­‐  or  a  change  in  the  job  options  has  applied.  How  can  these  changes  be  applied  to  new  jobs?  
 
Solution:  
All  new  jobs,  which  are  started  from  the  default  job    will  use  the  default  job  setting.  In  order  to  make  changes  
to  the  appearance  of  new  jobs  –  the  default  job  has  to  be  edited.  
Please  proceed  in  the  following  way.  
 
• Close  any  open  job  (this  will  give  a  access  to  the  default  job  
 
 
    Open  the  Menu  File  and  select  the  option  Edit  default    e-­‐
Job  Settings  
 

 
 
In  the  Color  iQC  
windows  or  in  the  
[F2]  Color  iQC  
settings  make  all  
modifications  to  
match  up  the  desired  
functions.  

 
Once  all  modifications  have  been  made  save  the  default  job  and  close  it.    

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How  can  I  easily  get  a  different  view  of  data  for  the  same  standard  and  trial  
 
Situation:  
A  customer  desired  a  solution,  which  does  allow  to  easily  switch  between  an  LabCH*  display  of  data  and  and  an  
display  of  XYZxy  -­‐  data    
 
 
    Situation  –  customer  has  already  an  
L*a*b*  display  and  wants  to  change  to  
an  XYZxy  display  
 

 
 
With  the  function  Save  As..  ([CTRL]+[R])  the  actual  settings  
can  be  saved    

 
 
We  save  this  as  Set_Lab.st5  (st5  stands  
for  settings_type  5)      
 
 
Next  with  the  right  mouse  key  in  the  multi_data_view  
and  select  the  option  Properties  

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We  mark  the  content  of  the  right  

box  (which  we  want  to  be  replaced)  
and  press  the  key  facing  to  the  left  

 
We  mark  the  desired  attributes  in  
the  left  box  and  press  the  key  
facing  the  right.  
 

 
 
Once  the  new  attributes  have  been  
listed  in  the  right  box  we  press  
Apply  and  OK    

 
The  changes  have  now  been  
applied  in  the  job  

 
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With  the  function  Save  As..  

([CTRL]+[R])  we  save  now  the  
actual  settings.  
 

 
We  save  this  as  Set_XYZ.st5  (st5  
stands  for  settings  type  5)      
 
In  the  future  you  can  easily  select  the  function  Change  
Settings  File  reference  from  the  e-­‐job  menu  

 
Select  the  desired  setting  and  your  Multi-­‐Trial  View  Data  will  
change  immediately.    

 
 

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Color  Search  
How  can  I  do  a  color  search  in  the  database?  
 
• Step  1  –  Decide  what  you  want  to  search  for?  Standard  or  trial?  
 
Have  the  Standard  Selection  box  “Select  New  Standard”  –  If  
a  standard  is  selected,  this  will  be  sample  which  is  used  in  
the  color  search  
Mark  the  sample  for  which  you  want  to  get  the  closest  
match.  

Press  [Shift]  +  [F5]  –  or  the  proper  icon    on  the  Icon  bar  
   

 
 
This  will  open  up  the  “Retrieve  from  Database”  
window.    
 
If  you  want  to  search  the  Trials  instead  of  
standards  you  can  change  the  Data  Type  
 
Activate  the  Search  on  Color  Function      
 
The  L*a*b*-­‐data  of  the  current  sample  have  been  
transferred  into  this  box  already.  
 
Define  the  DEcmc  or  DE*  and  the  limit.  
 
 
Press  [Search]  to  start  the  Search  Process  
 
 

 
 

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All  standards  within  the  

tolerance  will  be  shown.  
Select  either  individually  or  
[Select  All]  and  press  [ok]  to  
transfer  them  into  the  job.  

 
 
In  the  Trial  database  even  
more  samples  within  
tolerances  have  been  found.  
Select  either  individually  or  
[Select  All]  and  press  [ok]  to  
transfer  them  into  the  job.  

 
 

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Naming  options  
 
Being  able  to  give  the  right  name  to  standard  and  sample  is  sometimes  a  challenge  since  there  are  customers  who  
desire  maximum  flexibility  and  others  have  a  very  restricted  concept.  X-­‐Rite  iQC  can  support  almost  all  these  
wishes  by  different  methods.  

How  to  use  a  flexible  name?  

 
Up  to  50  characters  can  be  used  to  
describe  the  standard.  
 
There  is  no  automatism  except  –  as  long  
you  stay  in  the  Measure  Standard  
Window  the  entry  box  will  default  with  
the  last  Fullname    

 
 
Up  to  50  characters  can  be  used  to  
describe  the  standard.  
 
There  is  no  automatism  except  –  as  long  
you  stay  in  the  Measure  Trial  Window  the  
entry  box  will  default  with  the  last  
Fullname  

 
 

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How  to  use  automatically  a  standard  name  with  a  sequence  number?  
 
To  activate  the  automatic  Sample  
counting  -­‐  the  option  Autoname  trial  
using  Standard  Name  –  Sequence  
Number  has  to  be  activated  in  the  Color  
iQC  setting  on  the  tab  Autoname.  
 
This  will  write  the  following  text  into  the  
“Auto  name  Trials….”  Entry  box  
 
You  can  replace  the  <StdName>  with    a  
fixed  text  which  would  be  used  for  all  
samples  

 
 
iQC  will  automatically  suggest  in  the  
Measure  Trial  Windows  the  Name  of  the  
standard  –  with  the  sequence  Number.  
 
If  there  is  already  a  series  of  
measurements  done  the  program  will  
automatically  suggest  the  next  number    
 
For  the  trial  in  a  sequence  you  can  
overwrite  this  number.  
 
Start  the  measurement  process  with  next  

 
 

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How  to  work  with  predefined  trial  names  from  a  list?    
In  some  application  hundreds  of  measurements  have  be  made,  which  all  follow  the  same  concept.  Instead  of  
entering  the  name  with  any  sample  a  list  can  be  provided  and  the  program  will  automatically  take  names  from  the  
list  –  exactly  in  the  order.  
 
With  the  notepad  program  a  list  of  
sample  name  as  to  be  used  by  iQC  has  to  
be  generated.  
This  list  can  be  long  as  you  want  
 

 
 
iQC  allows  to  generate  such  a  list  directly  
out  of  the  program  
 
if    a  series  of  samples  with  the  target  
name  has  been  measured  already,  mark  
the  series  of  samples  and  press  the  right  
mouse  key.  
 

 
Select  the  option  to  “Create  AutoPrompt  
List  for  these  trial  names”  
 
 
A  new  list  will  be  AutoPrompt  List  will  be  
generated  in  the  Jobs  Directory    

 
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To  activate  the  Autoname  trial  data  from  

a  text  file  -­‐  the  option  Autoname  trial  
date  using  a  text  file  has  to  be  activated.  
As  soon  the  button  is  clicked  a  selection  
box  with  the  active  text  files  in  the  
Color_iContol/Jobs  –  Directory  is  listed  
and  the  correct  file  can  be  selected.    
In  this  case  Trials  Series  A.  txt  has  been  
defined  
 
In  the  following  measurement  example  
the  measurement  routine  will  ask  one  
sample  name  after  the  other  one.  

     
 

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How  to  use  a  Formatted  Name  Setup?  
 
In  this  example  the  standard  name  is  an  
addition  of  3  different  information  the    
product  line  (3  digits),  the  material  code  (5  
digits)  and  the  color  name  (10)  digits  
 
The  Trial  has  an  additional  Lot  Number  
information  with  10  digits  
 
Once  the  setup  has  been  finalized,  the  IQC  
will  call  for  the  input  item  by  item.  

 
 

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Activate  the  Use  name  formatting  

 

 
 

     
Input  Product  Line   Input  Material  ID   Input  Color  Name  
 
Measurement  Windows  with  the  complete  name  

 
 

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Input  Product  Line   Input  Material  ID   Input  Color  Name  
 
  In  the  measurement  
window  the  sample  will  
have  the  complete  name  

   
Input  Lot  Number   Measurement  Windows    
 
Results  in  the  tree  view  

 
 
 
 

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Printer  Output  
How  to  start  a  printout?  
 
  A  printout  can  be  started  on  different  ways  
 

  Click    Button  on  the  iQC-­‐Button-­‐Tab  

                                                                       or  
Open  the  e-­‐job  menu  and  select  “Print”  
                                                                       Or  
Enter  [CTRL]+[P]  

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How  to  define  the  header  of  the  printout?  
 
  The  header  of  the  printout  will  be  
defined  in  the  Color  iQC  Job  settings.  
(Press  the  button  [F2]  to  enter  the  
Color  iQC  Job  setting)  
 
In  the  area  Printing  you  can  define  the  
Print  Header,  the  Sub  Header  and  can  
enter  a  Logo  Bitmap  with  position  and  
size  
 
The  Print  Header  can  be  defined  in  
each  job  differently.  
Print  Headers  should  be  saved  in  the  
Job-­‐Templates  to  make  sure,  that  all  
new  jobs  created  from  them  will  have  
the  correct  header.    
 
If  all  jobs  should  have  the  same  printer  
header,  the  changes  should  be  made  
in  the  systems  settings  (your  can  enter  
system  settings  with  [F2]  if  no  job  is  
open.    

 
 
 
Print  Header   Most  people  enter  the  company  name  into  the  print  header  
 
Sub  Header   The  choices  are:  
Job  Title  
Name  of  Standard  
Comment  of  Standard  
Blank  
Logo   A  bmp-­‐file  can  be  positioned  in  the  printer  header.  JPG  and  other  formats  can  not  be  used.    
Logo-­‐start   A  value  between  0  and  100  for  the  location  of  the  left  edge  of  the  bitmap,  0  being  the  left  margin  
and  100  being  the  right  margin.  
Logo-­‐width   Requires  a  value  between  0  and  100  as  well,  representing  the  size  of  the  image  in  percent.  
Result  of  above  
settings  

 
 
 

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How  to  define  the  items  of  the  printout?  
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  allows  you  to  define  which  items  (color  data,  CIELab-­‐Plot,  Trend,  Reflectances)  should  
be  placed  into  the  printout.  The  content  of  printed  information  is  defined  by  the  information  in  the  views.  
 
  • Each  of  the  views  has  it´s  
properties.    
• “MultiTrialData”,  
•  “Trendplot”,      
• “Lab-­‐Graph,    
• “Reflectance-­‐Graph”    
With  a  right  mouse  click  in  any  of  the  
view  areas  you  can  open  the  right  
mouse  menue  connected  to  it.  There  
you  can  also  define  wheter  the  item  
should  be  included  in  the  
Printout.  

 
 
If  the  checkmark  in  front  of  “Include  this  in  Full  Printout”  is  set,  this  item  
will  be  included.  

 
 

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Print  out,  with  header  (logo,  

headline,  subheader,  date)  Cielab,  
Trendplot  and  L*a*b*-­‐Data  for  one  
illuminant.  

Remote  Output  
How  to  set  up  for  Remote  Output?  
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  have  the  option  of  sending  data  to  a  serial  communication  port  or  to  an  ASCII  text  file.    
This  “Remote  Output”  is  generally  used  to  export  colorimetric  data  to  a  file  which  is  then  sent  to  a  serial  printer  or  
imported  into  other  programs  such  as  inventory  tracking  systems  or  Excel  for  custom  analysis.  
 
Remote  Output  is  
configured  from  the  
Standard  Muli-­‐Trial  view  
in  QC.  
 
Right  Click    

 
 

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Select  Properties  

 
 
Within  the  Std  Multi  Trial  
View  Properties  there  is  a  
tab  for  Remote  Output  
Setup.  
 
There  is  a  setup  for  the  
Standard  and  the  Trial  
output.  
 
Use  this  tool  to  setup  the  
output  for  each  section.  

 
 
Output  To:   You  have  the  option  to  direct  the  ASCII  data  to  a  serial  communication  port  (COM1,  
COM2  etc.)  or  to  a  File.    
 
Output  File  Name:       If  outputting  to  a  file  you  can  specify  the  name  of  the  file  and  location.    You  can  use  
mapped  drive  letters  or  UNC  (network  Universal  Naming  Convention)  to  specify  a  
location.  (example    \\server\foldername\remote.txt).    
 
Setup  Remote  Comm  Port:   If  using  the  COM  port  you  should  select  Setup  Remote  Comm  Port  to  set  Baud  rate,  
data  bits,  stop  bits  and  parity.  
 
Automatic  on  Read  from   This  option  will  send  out  the  selected  data  to  the  com  port  or  file  as  soon  as  it  is  
Instrument:   measured  from  the  instrument.    Other  option  is  to  manually  select  Remote  Output  
or  Aux  Output  which  is  discussed  later.  
 
Append  to  file  on  New   These  options  give  you  the  ability  to  add  to  an  existing  file  even  when  the  standard  is  
Standard  or  Clear  file  on   changed  or  to  clear  out  any  existing  data  in  a  file  when  the  standard  is  changed.    
New  Standard:    
Output  Format:       This  area  is  where  you  will  construct  the  output  of  data  for  your  standard  ,  trial  or  
both.      
 

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Insert  Name:   This  will  add  “<name>”  to  the  output  format  section.    This  will  output  the  name  of  
the  trial  or  standard  depending  on  if  you  are  working  in  the  Standard  Output  or  Trial  
output.  
 
Insert  Standard  Data:       This  is  used  when  setting  up  the  Trail  output  and  will  add  <<stdinfo>>  to  the  output  
format  section.    When  changing  or  adding  a  new  standard  the  standard  data  is  
output  only  once  then  the  trail  data  will  follow.    If  multiple  system  or  multiple  
standards  are  being  added  to  a  single  output  file  you  may  want  some  standard  
information  on  each  line  with  the  trail  information.    Any  data  such  as  the  name  and  
L*,  a*,  b*  setup  for  the  Standard  Output  will  then  be  inserted  for  each  trial  data.  
 
Add:   This  button  will  become  active  when  an  attribute  is  selected  from  the  Possible  
Attributes  section.    You  can  add  any  of  the  data  available  in  the  Standard/  Multi  Trial  
view  such  as  DL*,  Da*  and  Db*.        
 
Defined  Combinations:       You  have  a  drop  down  list  of  additional  data  available  to  export  that  is  not  in  the  
Standard  Multi  Trial  view.  
• OperID:  ID  entered  when  starting  Color  iQC  or  iMatch.    This  is  tagged  on  
each  measurement.  
• FileName:    Name  of  the  e-­‐job  being  used  during  remote  output.  
• Path:    The  computer  location  /  path  of  the  e-­‐job.  
• Group  1,  Group  2,  Group  3:    Data  from  Group  1,  2  or  3.  
• PFtol:  Pass/Fail  Tolerance.    L:C  Ratio,  P/F  and  Margin  (2.00:1;P/F=1.00;10.00)  
• MeasCond:  Condition  of  measurement  such  as  reflectance,  large  area  view,  
Specular  included.  
• Signature:    Digital  signature  of  measurement.  
• SerialNum:  Serial  number  of  spectrophotometer  used  to  measure.  
• Model:    Type  of  spectrophotometer  used  to  measure  
• SWL-­‐EWL:  Starting  wavelength  and  ending  wavelength  of  measurement  
• SpectralData:  Spectral  data  
• ExtSpectralData:  Extended  spectral  data  such  as  over  dark.  
• IllObs1,  IllObs2,  IllObs3:    Illuminant  and  observer  1,  2  and  3.  
• BlockRange:  555  sort  block  Range  
• LABtol:  L*a*b*  tolerances  (0.25;  0.19;  0.26)  
• LCHtol:    L*C*h  tolerances  (0.25;  0.19;  0.26)  
• OperID:  ID  entered  when  starting  Color  iQC  or  iMatch.    This  is  tagged  on  
each  measurement.  
• FileName:    Name  of  the  e-­‐job  being  used  during  remote  output.  
• Path:    The  computer  location  /  path  of  the  e-­‐job.  
• Group  1,  Group  2,  Group  3:    Data  from  Group  1,  2  or  3.  
• PFtol:  Pass/Fail  Tolerance.    L:C  Ratio,  P/F  and  Margin  (2.00:1;P/F=1.00;10.00)  
• MeasCond:  Condition  of  measurement  such  as  reflectance,  large  area  view,  
Specular  included.  
• Signature:    Digital  signature  of  measurement.  
• SerialNum:  Serial  number  of  spectrophotometer  used  to  measure.  
• Model:    Type  of  spectrophotometer  used  to  measure  
• SWL-­‐EWL:  Starting  wavelength  and  ending  wavelength  of  measurement  
• SpectralData:  Spectral  data  
• ExtSpectralData:  Extended  spectral  data  such  as  over  dark.  

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• IllObs1,  IllObs2,  IllObs3:    Illuminant  and  observer  1,  2  and  3.  

• BlockRange:  555  sort  block  range  
• LABtol:  L*a*b*  tolerances  (0.25;  0.19;  0.26)  
• LCHtol:    L*C*h  tolerances  (0.25;  0.19;  0.26)  
• TaperTol:    Taper  tolerances,  Standard,  average,  roll  and  range  (1.00      1.00      
0.50      5.00)  
• idL*,  ida*,  idb*:    Integer(no  decimal  points)    
DL*,  Da*,  Db*  (-­‐0.13  D,    0.12  R,    0.05  Y,    would  be    -­‐013,  012,  005)  
• TagLabel_xx:    Tag  label  01  through  30  
• TagData_xx:    Tag  data  01  through  30.  
 
Control  Characters:       These  can  help  format  the  data.    
• CRLF:    Carriage  return  and  line  feed  
• CR:    Carriage  return  
• LF:    Line  feed  
• TAB:  Tab  
• FF:    Form  Feed  
• ETX:    End  of  Transmission  
• EOT:    End  of  Tape  
• Bell:  Bell  
• ACK:      Acknowledge  
 
Convert  Ctrl  Chars:       This  will  convert  the  control  characters  text  into  the  ASCII  codes.    Unchecked  the  
control  characters  such  as  <CRLF>  will  be  passed  through  for  the  end  device  like  a  
serial  printer  to  interpret.  
 
Save  This  Format:       You  can  save  the  setups  for  the  remote  output  to  an  external  file.    This  allows  you  to  
have  multiple  remote  output  setups  and  the  ability  to  send  this  remote  output  setup  
to  another  Color  iQC  or  Color  iMatch  system  for  them  to  use.  
 
In  the  Output  Format  area  you  can  add  to  this  directly  from  your  keyboard  by  
clicking  in  box  at  the  position  you  want  to  add  something  then  type.    Items  between  
brackets  <  >  will  be  decoded  by  the  software  at  the  time  of  export.    Anything  not  in  
brackets  will  be  passed  directly  out  the  export.    Some  examples  follow.  
 
 
 

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Examples  
Example  1:   Exported:  
  Blue  Batch  1                  -­‐0.13  D    0.12  R    0.05  Y    0.16    
Blue  Batch  2                  -­‐1.21  D    1.93  R  -­‐0.31  B    2.18    
Blue  Batch  3                    0.23  L  -­‐0.19  G  -­‐0.05  B    0.25  
   
The  above  export  will  include  the  trail  name,  the  DL*,  Da*,  Db*,  DEcmc  and  return  to  the  beginning  of  the  next  
line  for  the  next  trial  output.    No  user  typing  was  added.  
 
Example  2:   Exported:  
Blue  Batch  1                ,  -­‐0.13  D,    0.12  R,    0.05  Y,    0.16    
Blue  Batch  2                ,  -­‐1.21  D,    1.93  R,  -­‐0.31  B,    2.18    
  Blue  Batch  3                ,    0.23  L,  -­‐0.19  G,  -­‐0.05  B,    0.25  
 
The  above  export  will  include  the  trial  name,  the  DL*,  Da*,  Db*,  DEcmc  and  return  to  the  beginning  of  the  next  
line  for  the  next  trial  output.    Commas  were  added  to  have  a  delimited  file  for  easy  import  into  Excel.  
 
Example  3  

 
 
Exported:  
Name:Blue  Batch  1                ,Delta  L*:  -­‐0.13  D,Delta  a*:    0.12  R,Delta  b*:    0.05  Y,Delta  Ecmc:    0.16    
Name:Blue  Batch  2                ,Delta  L*:  -­‐1.21  D,Delta  a*:    1.93  R,Delta  b*:  -­‐0.31  B,Delta  Ecmc:    2.18    
Name:Blue  Batch  3                ,Delta  L*:    0.23  L,Delta  a*:  -­‐0.19  G,Delta  b*:  -­‐0.05  B,Delta  Ecmc:    0.25  
 
The  following  will  export  the  name  of  the  trail,  the  DL*,  Da*,  Db*,  DEcmc  and  return  to  the  beginning  of  the  next  
line  for  the  next  trial  output.    Commas  were  added  to  have  a  delimited  file  for  easy  import  into  Excel.    And  text  
was  added  to  describe  the  output.  
 
Example  4    
Trial-­‐Name,  L*,a*,b*,DL*,Da*,Db*,DE*  
Bone  1.5D  ,  85.23  ,  -­‐0.79  ,    4.38  ,  -­‐1.29  D,  -­‐0.44  G,  -­‐0.20  B,    
  1.37    
Bone  1.5L,  87.95  ,  -­‐0.08  ,    4.87  ,    1.43  L,    0.27  R,    0.29  Y,    
  1.49  
 
In  this  example  a  header  has  been  added  (instead  of  the  standard  name)  and  comma  separated  information  have  
been  provided  
 

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Attention:  
The  name  of  standards  and  trials  can  be  up  to  55  
characters  in  length.    The  software  defaults  to  exporting  
only  the  first  20  characters.    If  needed  you  can  increase  
this  to  the  maximum  of  55  by  going  to  the  settings  of  
the  Standard  Multi-­‐Trial  view  and  on  the  setup  tab  you  
can  change  the  Width  of  name  column  on  Printout.  
 

 
 
The  remote  output  setup  is  saved  with  the  e-­‐Job  or  settings  file.  

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How  to  utilize  a  Remote  Output  in  Color  iQC?  

 
Remote  Output  is  
started  from  the  
Standard  Muli-­‐Trial  view  
in  QC.  
 
Right  Click    

 
 
Select  Remote  Output  
 
The  data  of  all  trials  in  the  view  will  be  exported  
 
 
 
 
You  will  receive  a  message  that  
Remote  Output  has  been  finished.  
   

 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

How  to  export  from  Color  iQC  directly  into  an  Excel  Application?  
 
Another  way  to  export  is  to  use  the  Aux  Output  feature.    Under  the  Tools  menu  is  Aux.  Output.    This  stands  for  
Auxiliary  output.    It  will  use  the  remote  output  setup  defined  in  the  Standard  Multi-­‐Trial  view  but  you  have  the  
option  of  having  a  separate  file  name  and  location  along  with  a  launching  program.    You  can  also  customize  your  
toolbar  and  add  the  Aux.  Output  button  to  make  this  a  one  click  feature.  
 
 
Within  the  Menu  item  Tools  –  there  is  the  function    
Aux.  Output.  It  will  use  the  remote  output  as  it  is  defined  in  
 
the  Standard  Multi-­‐Trial  view.  You  combine  this  with  an  
automatic  action  –  f.e.  has  Excel  started  automatically  with  
the  data  provided.    
 
In  order  to  prepare  the  Aux.Output  and  
combine  with  an  application  –  you  will  
have  to  change  the  system  Settings.  (No  
–  Job  opened  –  press  [F2])  
 
Go  to  the  Tab  “User  Settings”  
 
Go  to  the  item  Auxiliary  Output  Program  
and  enter  the  path  of  the  application  
program    
“C:\Program  Files\Microsoft…\.EXE”  
 
Attention:  It  is  important  to  have  the  
path  it  in  quotes.  
 
Go  to  the  item  Auxiliary  output  file  and  
enter  the  name  which  corresponds  to  
the  Remote  Output  file.  
 
Press  [Apply]  
Press  [Ok]  
 

 
 

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 How  to  Guide    

Activate  the  Remote  Output  with  the    

correct  Remote  Output  File    
 
Right  mouse  key  into  the  Multi  Trial  
Data  View  

 
 
  Select  Properties  
 

 
 
Within  the  properties  select  the  desired  
Remote  Output  Format  
 
In  this  case  the  RO_LAB_DLab_DE  with  
tabbed  separation  has  been  selected,  
with  the  output  file  
C:\Color_icontro\Remote.txt  has  been  
selected  

 
 
In  the  iQC  application  the  Aux.  Output  has  been  selected  
 
 
Directly  the  message  comes  up,  that  Remote  output  has  
finished  
 
Press  [OK]  to  continue  

 
Directly  the  excel  program  starts  up  to  with  the  content  
of  the  Remote  Text  –  File  

 
 
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 How  to  Guide    

Attention:  There  is  only  one  Aux.  Output  Program  –  but  it  can  work  with  different  jobs.  Since  each  job  can  have  its  
own  Remote-­‐Output-­‐Format  (ROF)  –  to  refer  to  at  the  same  standard  Remote  output  file  (f.e.  REMOTE.TEXT)  –  this  
tool  can  be  used  for  different  exports.  

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 How  to  Guide    

Data  Import  
Semi-­‐Automatic  QTX-­‐Data-­‐Import  
 
For  some  our  customers  it  is  important  to  automatically  import  data  from  a  customer  or  supplier.  If  f.e.  data  are  
retrieved  by  mail  they  will  (after  double  click  on  the  data  file)  automatically  find  their  way  into  the  iQC-­‐software.  
 
The  behavior  of  the  qtx-­‐import  and  the  settings  within  the  job  will  be  controlled  by  a  QTX.JT5  –  Job-­‐Template  file.  
The  QTX.JT5  can  be  created/modified  in  the  known  way.  
 
If  the  data  should  be  stored  
in  the  database  upon  closing,  
the  option  “Auto  save”  
should  be  selected.  

 
 
To  avoid  multiple  standards  
with  the  same  name  this  
  option  should  be  selected  
 
 
It  is  important,  that  both  the  Standard_  
Data  and  the  Batch_Data  are  defined  in  
the  Data.QTX-­‐file.  
 
If  only  BATCH_DATA  defined  (even  with  
the  STD_Name=Standard  is  available  it  
will  not  be  saved  correctly  into  the  
database    

 
 
 

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Multi  Flux  Matching  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

Contents  
Contents i  

Abstract 2  
Advanced  Color  Formulation ......................................................................................................2  

Traditional  Color  Matching 3  

Visual  Color  Evaluation ...............................................................................................................3  
Additivity  Principle ......................................................................................................................3  
Kubelka-­‐Munk .............................................................................................................................4  
Lambert-­‐Beer ..............................................................................................................................6  

Advanced  Color  Matching 7  

Turbid-­‐Medium  Theory...............................................................................................................7  

Color  iMatch  System 9  

Color  iMatch................................................................................................................................9  
Kubelka-­‐Munk  Comparison  with  Color  iMatch ..........................................................................9  
Many-­‐Flux .................................................................................................................................12  
Spectral  versus  Tristimulus  Matching .......................................................................................12  
Dynamic  Database ....................................................................................................................13  
Applications...............................................................................................................................15  

Summary 17  
Advanced  Color  Formulation ....................................................................................................17  

References 18  
 
 Multi  Flux  Matching

Abstract  

 Advanced  Color  Formulation  

Traditionally,   color   formulation   software   has   been   based   on   theories   whose  
mathematics   cannot   adequately   address   the   complete   needs   of   the   color  
industry.  The  intention  is  to  provide  a  solution  that  will  address  these  needs  
and  be  a  valuable  tool  for  the  beginner  as  well  as  the  experienced  colorist.  
Unlike   most   commercially   available   color   matching   packages,   solutions  
presented   through   the   X-­‐Rite®   Color   iMatch™   software   are   not   based   on  
Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory.   All   calculations   are   done   in   absolute   units,   and   the  
same   database   can   be   used   for   matching   samples   that   are   opaque,  
transparent,   or   translucent.   When   used   with   a   X-­‐Rite   Color   i7™   or   Color   i5™  
spectrophotometer,  the  same  database  can  also  be  used  to  match  samples  
in  both  reflectance  and  transmittance  modes.   Color  iMatch  flexibility  means  
that   a   single   package   can   be   used   for   a   wide   variety   of   applications   that  
include,   but   are   not   limited   to:   printing   inks   (offset,   screen,   gravure,   and  
flexographic),   coatings,   and   plastics.   In   addition   to   a   new   mathematical  
model,  there  are  multiple  features  within  Color  iMatch  that  differentiate  it  
from  other  color  matching  packages.  
Due   to   the   proprietary   nature   of   the   mathematics   used   in   Color   iMatch,   not  
all  features  will  be  covered  in  complete  detail.  
     

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Traditional  Color  Matching  

Visual  Color  Evaluation  

Color  matching  is  still  as  much  an  art  as  it  is  a  science,  and  the  importance  
of   visual   evaluation   must   not   be   taken   for   granted.   There   still   is   no  
substitute   for   the   visual   evaluation   of   color,   though   it   is   used   more   in   the  
quality  control  function  and  less  in  the  determination  of  initial  formulas.  
Traditionally  initial  matches  required  significant  trial  and  error,  even  with  a  
highly   skilled   color   matcher.   In   most   organizations   the   color   matcher   is  
aided   by   instrumental   and   computational   methods   to   supplement   visual  
evaluation.   Besides   more   accurate   formulations,   the   most   important  
advantage   to   the   use   of   a   computer   formulation   system   is   the   amount   of  
time  that  it  takes  to  obtain  an  initial  match.  By  significantly  decreasing  the  
amount   of   time   it   takes   to   obtain   an   acceptable   match   the   profitability   of  
the  end  product  can  increase  dramatically.  

Visual  Evaluation  Requirements  

For  successful  visual  evaluation  of  color,  there   are   three   important   criteria  
that  must  be  met.  The  most  important  requirement  is  normal  color  vision.  
However,  the  cases  where  thorough  color  vision  testing  is  employed  are  far  
and  few  between.  By  using  a  test  method  such  as  the  Farnsworth-­‐Munsell  
100   Hue   Test,   the   level   of   color   deficiency   can   easily   be   determined.   A  
controlled  viewing  environment,  with  standard  light  sources  like  the   X-­‐Rite  
SpectraLight®  III,  is  also  an  important  part  of  visual  evaluation.  Finally,  there  
is   no   substitute   for   experience.   Today   it   is   becoming   more   difficult   to   find  
sufficiently   experienced   personnel.   Instrumental   methods   help   to   reduce  
the   amount   of   experience   required   and   decrease   the   learning   curve   when  
developing  visual  evaluation  skills.  

Additivity  Principle  
The  additivity  principle  means  that  if  two  pigments  are  mixed  in  a  sample,  
the  total  absorption  can  be  found  by  adding  up  the  individual  absorption’s  
of   the   pigments.   Both   pigments   behave   as   if   the   other   one   was   not   there.  
An  example  of  this  behavior  is  described  in  the  following  equation  using  K/S.  
(K/S)a+b  =  (K/S)a  +  (K/S)b  
Experimental   data   has   shown   that   the   additivity   principle   is   not   generally  
valid  for  a  mix  of  two  or  more  pigments.4    
  K/S  versus  Wavelength  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

  Figure  1a   Figure  1b  

In  Figure  1a  it  can  be  seen  that  the  additivity  theory  is  valid  in  some  cases;  
but  it  does  not  always  hold  true,  as  can  be  seen  in  Figure  1b.  
 

Kubelka-­‐Munk  
The   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   is   used   for   reflectance   measurements   and  
calculations.   The   original   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   described   the   propagation  
of   light   in   a   stellar   system.   The   same   equations   have   been   used   for   the  
interaction  of  light  with  pigment  particles  in  paint,  plastic,  and  ink  mediums.  
Although   these   applications   are   considering   the   same   visible   light;   the  
distance  between,  and  the  dimensions  of,  pigment  particles  versus  those  of  
the  stars  are  quite  different.4  
Originally   published   in   the1930’s   by   Paul   Kubelka   and   Franz   Munk,   the  
Kubelka-­‐Munk  equations  described  the  reflectance  and  transmittance  of  the  
sample   as   a   function   of   absorption   and   scatter   (K   and   S   respectively).   The  
Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   is   a   two-­‐flux   version   of   the   many-­‐flux   method   of  
solving   radiation   transfer   problems.6   Given   that   the   sample   must   have   the  
same  refractive  index  as  air  these  equations  were  not  practical  for  industrial  
color   matching.   In   the   1940’s   the   Saunderson   correction   factors   were  
introduced  and  the  Kubelka-­‐Munk  equations  became  more  practical  for  the  
use   in   opaque   systems.   Simplifications   and   assumptions   have   been   made   to  
the   original   equations,   though   these   simplified   formulas   have   many  
limitations   they   are   the   dominant   algorithms   used   in   color   matching  
systems  today.    

Single  and  Two  Constant  

Depending  on  the  application,  the  Kubelka-­‐Munk  equations  can  be  divided  
into  two  different  cases;  single  constant  systems  and  two  constant  systems.  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Single  Constant  
  Single  constant  theory  assumes  that  the  individual  pigments  do  
not  significantly  contribute  to  the  total  scattering  of  the  sample.  
An  example  of  this  theory  is  the  exhausting  of  transparent  dyes  
into  a  textile  substrate.    

Two  Constant  
  If   the   scatter   is   assumed   to   occur   from   two   sources,   the  
colorant(s)   and   the   substrate,   it   is   considered   two   constant  
theory.  An  example  of  this  theory  is  the  formulation  of  opaque  
coatings   where   titanium   dioxide   is   blended   with   other   pigments  
to  achieve  color.  In  this  case  the  titanium  dioxide  becomes  the  
second  source  of  scatter.  

Saunderson  Correction    
Given   the   limitations   of   Kubelka-­‐Munk   a   more   complex   equation   was  
developed   by   J.L.   Saunderson   that   contrasted   the   refractive   index   of   the  
sample   to   that   of   air.   With   the   addition   of   surface   or   specular   (K1)   and  
internal  (K2)  correction  factors  the  equation  became  more  practical  for  use  
in  opaque  systems.  

Deficiencies  of  Kubelka-­‐Munk  Theory  

Though   the   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   has   proven   to   be   adequate   in   many  
applications  it  has  significant  deficiencies  that  prevent  it  from  being  a  total  
solution   for   color   matching.   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   continues   to   be   popular  
because  it  provides  simple  analytical  equations  and  reasonable  predictions.6  

Assumptions  of  Kubelka-­‐Munk  

  It   is   assumed   that   the   colorant   layer   is   sufficient   in   extent   for  
there  to  be  no  light  lost  from  the  edges  of  the  layer  and  that  it  
has  uniform  composition.6    
  Kubelka-­‐Munk   reflectances   arise   from   the   assumption   that   the  
coefficients  K  and  S  are  the  same  for  forward  and  reverse  flux.  
From  a  many-­‐flux  analysis  it  can  be  concluded  that  the  angular  
distribution  of  the  forward  and  reverse  flux  is  not  the  same.6  
  The   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   assumes   a   linear   relation   between  
the   colorant   characteristic   K/S   and   the   colorant   concentration.  
In   general   it   is   found   that   the   K/S   ratio   of   a   component   colorant  
is  a  nonlinear  function  of  the  concentration.7  This  means  that  it  
will   not   be   possible   to   adequately   describe   the   colorant  
behavior  by  using  a  linear  relation.  
     

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

    K/S  versus  Concentration  

  420  nm       520  nm  

    Figure  2a   Figure  2b  

  Figure  2a  shows  the  linear  relation  that  results  between  K/S  and  
concentration.   In   figure   2b   the   plot   shows   a   typical   non-­‐linear  
relationship  between  K/S  and  concentration  at  520  nanometers  
for  a  series  of  calibration  samples.  
  For   the   Kubelka-­‐Munk   theory   to   work   it   is   assumed   that   the  
pigment   particles   act   independently   of   each   other.   The   net  
result  is  obtained  simply  by  adding  up  the  individual  actions.4  

Lambert-­‐Beer  
The  Lambert-­‐Beer  theory  is  reserved  for  transmittance  calculations  for  very  
transparent   samples.   Dating   back   to   the   18th   and   19th   centuries,   the  
Lambert-­‐Beer   law   states   that   the   absorbence   (Log   1/T)   for   a   transparent  
sample   is   proportional   to   the   thickness   and   the   concentration   of   the  
colorant.  1    
Beer’s  law  has  been  found  to  be  valid  at  low  and  moderate  concentrations  
in   transparent   applications   but   it   may   prove   to   be   inaccurate   at   higher  
concentrations.  In  order  for  Beer’s  law  to  be  valid  the  absorption  coefficient  
must   be   a   constant   independent   of   the   concentration.3   Since   all   colorant  
layers   scatter   some   light;   these   equations,   even   in   cases   of   slightly   turbid-­‐
media,  are  generally  not  valid.  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Advanced  Color  Matching  

Turbid-­‐Medium  Theory  
Though   Kubelka-­‐Munk   is   a   turbid-­‐medium   theory,   it   is   limited   in   its  
application.  It  is  important  to  note  the  advancements  that  have  been  made  
in   other   areas   of   turbid-­‐media   theory.   This   will   help   to   determine   which   will  
best   accommodate   the   different   types   of   samples   we   see   in   today’s   color  
industry.    

Turbid-­‐Media  
There  are  three  kinds  of  optical  systems  that  define  turbid-­‐media;  optically  
thin,   intermediate,   and   optically   thick.   Each   of   these   systems   can   be   seen  
throughout   our   everyday   lives   and   each   one   is   significantly   different   from  
the   other.   Of   all   the   theories   that   have   been   developed   to   handle   the  
turbid-­‐mediums,  only  one  can  successfully  handle  all  three  optical  systems.    

Optically  Thin  
  The  scattered  light  that  is  observed  is  scattered  only  once;  much  
unscattered  light  emerges  from  the  sample.2  An  example  of  an  
optically   thin   application   would   be   transparent   dyes   being  
exhausted  into  a  textile  substrate.  

Intermediate  
  Most  of  the  scattered  light  has  been  scattered  many  times,  but  
some   unscattered   light   emerges   from   the   sample.2   A   typical  
intermediate   application   would   be   a   plastics   operation   that  
works   with   pigments   and   general   purpose   polystyrene.   Most  
systems  that  are  typically  assumed  to  fall  into  the  optically  thin  
and   optically   thick   areas   are   actually   intermediate   media.  
Classically,  offset  printing  inks  are  assumed  to  be  optically  thin  
and  screen  printing  inks  to  be  optically  thick.  In  most  cases  both  
of   these   applications   fall   into   the   intermediate   media  
classification.  

Optically  Thick  
  All  the  light  has  been  multiply  scattered.2  A  paint  manufacturer  
preparing   opaque   coatings,   where   titanium   dioxide   is   blended  
with   other   scattering   pigments   to   create   a   color,   would   be  
considered  an  optically  thick  system.  

Application  of  Turbid-­‐Medium  Theories2  

Theory     Optically  Thin     Intermediate     Optically  Thick  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Kubelka-­‐Munk ............No ....................... No .......................Yes  

Four-­‐Flux.................... Yes ................... Limited....................Yes  
Many-­‐Flux................. Yes......................Yes ..................... Yes  
Doubling .................... Yes .......................Yes ....................Limited  
Monte  Carlo............... Yes ................... Limited.................... No  
Scattering  Order ........ Yes ................... Limited.................... No  
Diffusion .....................No ....................... No .......................Yes    
Billmeyer   and   Richards   examined   various   turbid-­‐medium   theories   for   their  
applicability   in   the   three   levels   of   optical   behavior.2   Of   all   the   theories  
shown   only   the   Many-­‐Flux   method   accommodates   all   three   turbid-­‐media  
classifications.  

Many-­‐Flux  
The  many-­‐flux  theory  covers  applications  with  all  levels  of  optical  thickness  
from   one   mathematical   model.   By   using   this   model   to   determine   absolute   K  
and  S  values,  the  software  does  not  have  to  define  whether  white  is  present  
in  the  formulation.  All  matching  is  done  in  one  database.  There  is  no  need  
for   separate   packages   that   would   use   Kubelka-­‐Munk   single   constant,  
Kubelka-­‐Munk  two  constant  or  Lambert-­‐Beer  mathematics.    

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Color  iMatch  System  

Color  iMatch  
Color   iMatch   is   a   sophisticated   and   intuitive   color   formulation   and   quality  
control   tool   that   is   easily   learned   and   used   by   the   expert   as   well   as   the  
novice  color  matcher.    
Color  iMatch  automatically  determines  the  best  formula  for  your  application  
based  on  the  parameters  you  select,  such  as  lowest  cost  or  least  number  of  
colorants.  It  will  automatically  formulate  with  or  without  white,  at  all  levels  
of   opacity,   from   a   single   database.   In   addition   Color   iMatch   Satellite  
Systems   can   offer   added   value   by   providing   the   same   high   quality  
formulation   results   as   a   full   Color   iMatch   system,   with   a   low   cost   and  
feature  limited  satellite.  
With   the   continuing   advancement   of   the   personal   computer,   more  
complicated  calculations  can  be  done  in  less  time.    
These   advancements   in   personal   computers   have   given   Color   iMatch   the  
ability   to   perform   many   complicated   algorithms,   such   as   computing   many-­‐
flux  calculations  and  spectral  matching  routines.    

Kubelka-­‐Munk  Comparison  with  Color  iMatch  

Color  iMatch  is  not  based  on  Kubelka-­‐Munk  

Two  Constant  Always  Used  

Although   a   number   of   colorants   can   have   very   low   absorption   (extenders,  
resins,  etc.)  or  a  very  low  scattering  (several  pigments,  colorants,  etc.),  there  
is   no   such   thing   as   zero   absorption   or   zero   scattering.   There   is   no   single  
constant   behavior   in   the   real   world,   nature   is   always   two   constant.   Because  
all   samples   show   two   constant   behavior,   the   calculations   in   are   based   on  
two   constant   mathematics.4   Though   Kubelka-­‐Munk   used   two-­‐constant  
theory   in   some   cases,   it   is   limited   due   to   the   simplified   equations   and   the  
assumptions  about  sample  and  colorant  characteristics.  

All  Calculations  in  Absolute  Units  

K  and  S4  
  Due   to   the   mathematical   restrictions   of   the   Kubelka-­‐Munk  
equations,  the  pigment  K  and  S  data  are  calculated  relative  to  a  
reference   component   (generally   the   white   pigment).   Typically  
the   K   and   S   of   the   white   can   be   determined   with   a   double  
measurement  (reflectance  and  transmittance  or  over  white  and  
over  black).  This  is  performed  on  an  individual  sample  or  series  
of   samples   at   constant   thickness   and   varying   white   pigment  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

volume  concentrations.  This  does  allow  for  the  optimization  of  

white   pigment   loading,   though   it   can   result   in   inaccurate  
calculations  of  opacity  and/or  pigment  loading  when  considered  
in  combination  with  other  colorants.    
  From  the  beginning  Color  iMatch  calculates  pigment  K  and  S  in  
absolute   units.   In   addition   the   calculation   of   K   and   S   goes  
beyond   the   white   pigment   to   all   colorants   providing   accurate  
opacity  and  pigment  loading  predictions.  
    K  and  S  versus  Wavelength  

 
    Figure  3  
  The  data  in  figure  3  shows  calculated  K  and  S  data,  where  both  
K  and  S  are  variable  across  the  visible  spectrum.  

K1  and  K2  
  The   Kubelka-­‐Munk   equation   is   founded   on   the   premise   that  
once   you   disperse   a   pigment   in   a   resin   system,   there   is   no  
further   development.   The   determination   of   how   much   light  
enters   a   sample   and   how   much   exits   after   diffusion,   relates  
directly   to   the   Saunderson   correction   factors,   K1   and   K2.5  
However,   most   available   software   uses   a   fixed   value   for   K1  
and/or  K2.  In  many  cases  these  values  are  not  calculated,  they  
are  input  by  the  user.  For  example,  default  values  of  4%  for  K1  
and   60%   for   K2.   These   values   are   fixed   for   all   wavelengths   or  
they   can   be   a   calculated   value   limited   to   a   single   wavelength.  
These  methods  are  not  valid  because  K1  and  K2  are  dependent  
on   the   refractive   index   of   the   material   which   is   wavelength  
dependent  (see  figure  4).  Depending  on  the  sample  set,  using  a  
fixed  K1,  K2  value  can  lead  to  inaccurate  calculation  of  absolute  
K  and  S.  Color  iMatch  calculates  and  takes  advantage  of  K1  and  
K2  values  at  each  wavelength.  
    K1  and  K2  versus  Wavelength  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

 
    Figure  4  
  Figure  4  shows  the  variation  that  can  occur  in  the  determination  
of   the   K1   and   K2   values   at   individual   wavelengths   across   the  
spectrum.  
  As   colorants   are   added   to   a   Color   iMatch   database   the   K1   and  
K2  values  will  change.  This  implies  that  other  samples  added  to  
the   database   can   influence   the   K1   and   K2   values.   This   occurs  
because   the   added   samples   will   give   better   characterization.  
The   system   can   then   calculate   more   accurate   values.   In   many  
cases   other   formulation   packages   will   base   its   K1   and   K2  
calculations  solely  on  the  resin,  white  and  black.  

Non-­‐Linear  Relationships  
Kubelka-­‐Munk   assumes   linear   relationships   for   K/S   versus   concentration  
and  K/S  versus  thickness  as  well  as  the  validity  of  the  additive  theory.  
1.   K  (Concentration)  
2.   S  (Concentration)  
3.   K  (Thickness)  
4.   S  (Thickness)  
5.   “Additivity”  
Color  iMatch  treats  all  functions  as  completely  non-­‐linear;  it  does  not  try  to  
approach   non-­‐linear   functions   through   a   piece   by   piece   linear  
approximation.  

Calibration  Uses  All  Selected  Samples  

Because  Color  iMatch  works  from  a  single  database,  all  selected  samples  are  
used  in  the  calibration  process.  Calibration  samples  can  consist  of  opaque,  
translucent,   and   transparent   samples   as   well   as   samples   at   multiple   film  
thicknesses.   Measurements   can   be   reflectance   only,   reflectance   and  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

transmittance,   over   white   and   over   black,   or   any   combination   of   these  

measurements.  

Additivity  Principle  Not  Used  

Color   iMatch   uses   a   non-­‐linear   function   for   the   relationship   between   both   K  
and   S   and   the   pigment   concentration.   When   two   or   more   pigments   are  
mixed  into  a  sample,  an  interaction  is  calculated.4  
 
 

Many-­‐Flux  
The   many-­‐flux   theory   can   be   applied   to   applications   that   have   samples   at  
any   level   of   optical   thickness.   All   the   calculations   can   be   done   in   a   single  
formulation  package.  
             Two-­‐Flux  versus  Many-­‐Flux  
  Kubelka-­‐Munk   Color  iMatch  

 
  Two-­‐Flux   Many-­‐Flux  
Opaque  Samples   Any  Samples  
    -­‐  Transparent  
    -­‐  Translucent  
    -­‐  Opaque  
                                                           Figure  5  
The  physics  that  takes  place  within  the  colorant/resin  matrix  demands  that  
directional  flux  be  determined.  Color  iMatch  considers  light  flux  within  the  
colorant/resin  matrix  in  both  an  up  and  down  flux  (Kubelka-­‐Munk)  as  well  as  
directional  flux.  
 

Spectral  versus  Tristimulus  Matching  

Tristimulus  Match  
The  typical  approach  for  color  formulation  uses  tristimulus  matching  
routines.      

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Match  Routine  
  Match  standard  X,  Y,  Z  
Three  equations  to  be  solved  
3  Unknowns  =  3  Concentrations  =  3  Pigments  

Disadvantages  
  Because  there  are  three  unknowns  there  needs  to  be  at  least  
three  pigments  in  the  formula.  
2   Pigments:     impossible  
1   Pigment:     impossible  

Spectral  Match  -­‐-­‐  Color  iMatch  

In   Color   iMatch   the   computations   are   completed   through   an   iteration  
process.   There   is   no   exact   tristimulus   match,   but   a   best   fit   spectral   curve  
match  is  calculated.  This  is  not  a  selective  spectral   match;  all  Color  iMatch  
formulations  are  done  using  its  spectral  matching  routine.  

Match  Routine  
  Match  standard  spectral  data  Ri  
Iteration  to  achieve  best  fit  

Advantages  
1.   Better  pigment  selection  due  to  more  points  of  reference.  
2.   No  limitation  on  the  number  of  pigments  (minimum  or  
maximum)  
3.   Metamerism  is  minimized  in  calculations  (spectral  matching  
ensures  quality  under  all  lighting  conditions,  not  just  default  
conditions)  
4.   More  accurate  formulations  in  general.  

Dynamic  Database  
Color   iMatch   has   the   capability   to   continually   add   more   samples   to   the  
calibration   database   in   order   to   increase   performance.   In   addition,   the  
sample   set   is   variable   for   each   individual   colorant.   An   application   may  
require   only   five   samples   for   a   yellow   colorant,   but   twelve   samples   for   a  
reflex  blue  to  achieve  optimum  performance.  Note  that  additional  samples,  
including   mixtures   of   multiple   colorants,   are   used   in   the   calculation   of   the  
absolute   K   and   S   data.   These   samples   are   not   a   function   in   a   “search   and  
correct”  calculation.  
Complete  file  calibration  uses  all  selected  samples  and  optimizes  the  K  and  S  
data   for   all   colorants.   The   results   for   all   matches   will   improve,   not   just  
matches  that  are  close  in  color  or  formula  to  the  added  samples.  

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Sample  Set  
In  some  cases  the  sample  set  may  appear  to  be  more  extensive  than  what  is  
requested   for   other   formulation   packages.   However   the   amount   of   work  
and  time  involved  may  actually  be  less.  If  a  typical  sample  set  requires  two  
individual   samples   at   opacity   and   each   sample   must   be   cross-­‐coated   five  
times   to   reach   opacity,   the   number   of   drawdowns   that   must   be   made   is   ten  
(with   time   to   dry   between   each   cross-­‐coat).   If   Color   iMatch   requires   eight  
individual   samples   there   are   only   eight   drawdowns   at   process   thickness,  
with  no  drying  time  in  between.  

Samples  for  Color  iMatch  Database  

1.     Mathematical  Minimum:  2  
(2  unknowns  -­‐-­‐-­‐  2  knowns)  
Linear  relation  is  always  correct  (straight  line,  one  sample)  
Sample  validity  can  not  be  determined  
Concentration  dependent  
2.   Non-­‐Linear  Relation  (More  Than  Two  Samples)  
samples  that  are  not  correct  can  be  easily  identified.  
More  samples,  better  characterization  
3.   Types  of  Samples  for  Each  Colorant  
Different  concentrations  with  resin  
Mixes  with  white  (help  to  define  white  using  “non  gray”  
samples)  
Mixes  with  black  (lower  reflectance  values  help  to  define  K1)  
4.   Number  of  Samples  
Application  dependent  
Typically  7-­‐10  samples  per  colorant  
5.   Additional  Samples  
Once  the  database  is  complete  it  is  possible  to  add  more  
calibration  samples  to  improve  performance  if  necessary.  
All  that  is  required  the  measuring  of  the  new  sample(s)  and  re-­‐
calibrating  the  database.  
6.   Known  Mixtures  
Mixtures  of  multiple  colorants  may  also  be  used  to  characterize  
the  database.    

Sample  Characteristics  
  In   many   Kubelka-­‐Munk   based   color   matching   systems   the   user  
is   required   to   present   an   opaque   sample   to   the  
spectrophotometer.   Depending   on   the   application   this   can   be  
done   a   number   of   ways.   For   coatings   the   technique   of   cross-­‐
coating   several   layers   of   colorant   until   opacity   is   achieved   is  
commonly   used.   The   generated   sample   then   has   become  
inconsistent   with   the   typical   process   thickness.   Although   this  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

can   add   error   to   the   formulation   it   will   still   adhere   to   the  

limitations  of  the  Kubelka-­‐Munk  equation.  5  
  The   samples   required   for   the   Color   iMatch   system   must   be   at  
process  thickness  for  the  most  accurate  characterization  of  each  
colorant.   Unlike   Kubelka-­‐Munk   samples,   Color   iMatch   can  
benefit   from   samples   that   have   not   reached   complete   opacity.  
The   sample’s   colorant   thickness   is   also   used   in   the   calibration  
process.   This   enables   the   user   to   enter   the   same   sample   at  
different   thicknesses   into   the   database.   This   is   important   for  
applications   that   continually   produce   samples   at   varying   film  
thicknesses.  

Effect  of  Sample  Set  

    Full  versus  Limited  Sample  Set  
  Resin   White   Black   Yellow   Red   Green   Blue  
1.   Actual   90   300   30   60   0   60   60  
Full   90   302   37   61   0   67   46  
Limited   90   301   0   77   24   40   69  
2.   Actual   60   120   120   0   60   0   240  
Full   60   118   125   0   53   0   244  
Limited   60   106   155   0   13   0   266  
3.   Actual   120   0   0   180   240   0   60  
Full   120   1   0   192   242   0   45  
Limited   120   0   82   199   197   2   0  
4.   Actual   300   30   30   0   180   60   0  
Full   300   27   33   0   189   52   0  
Limited   300   25   39   27   168   442   0  
       Figure  6          
  Figure  6  shows  how  the  number  of  samples  used  to  characterize  
a  database  can  affect  the  initial  formulation.  In  this  example  the  
full   set   uses   nine   samples   (six   masstone   letdowns,   one   with  
white,   one   with   black,   and   one   with   white   and   black)   per  
colorant  and  the  limited  uses  three  samples  (one  masstone,  one  
with   white,   and   one   with   black).   The   nine   sample   database  
provides   initial   predictions   that   are   much   closer   to   the   actual  
formula.          

Applications  
Because   basic   pigment   properties   are   calculated   using   absolute   units,   how  
they   are   applied   in   the   matching   algorithm   add   versatility   to   the   Color  
iMatch  system  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Single  Database  
The   same   database   can   be   used   for   samples   at   all   levels   of   opacity;  
transparent,   translucent,   and   opaque.   The   quality   of   the   predicted   recipes  
will  be  the  same  for  all  degrees  of  opacity.    

Multiple  Mediums  
It   is   not   necessary   to   characterize   the   pigment   behavior   in   all   mediums.  
Multiple   resin   systems   (different   bases,   extenders,   clears,   etc.)   can   be  
calibrated  into  one  database.  This  process  only  requires  samples  mixed  with  
white  and  black  for  each  additional  resin  that  is  added.  

Reflectance  and  Transmission  

Both   reflectance   and   transmittance   measurements   can   be   applied   to   the  
same  database.  For  plastics,  translucent  liquids,  and  for  printing  or  coating  
on   non-­‐opaque   substrates   this   is   a   very   important   feature.   In   these  
applications   it   is   not   sufficient   to   match   a   standard   in   reflectance   only,   a  
transmission   match   is   equally   important.   Color   iMatch   can   combine   both  
types  of  matches  in  one  calculation,  using  only  one  database.  In  order  to  use  
this   capability   it   is   necessary   that   the   spectrophotometer   can   measure   both  
the   reflectance   and   total   transmission   of   the   sample   (i.e.,   X-­‐Rite   Color-­‐Eye  
7000).  

Contrast  Measurements  
Just  as  the  reflectance  and  transmittance  measurements  can  be  used  in  one  
database,  contrast  measurements  can  also  be  applied  to  a  single  database  
(or   even   combined   with   R/T   measurements   for   the   calibration   of   the  
database).  In  this  case  the  two  measurements  that  would  be  combined  are  
the   over   white   and   over   black   measurements.   Typically   this   technique   is  
applied   to   coatings   and   printing   inks   on   paper   or   screen   inks   on   textiles  
(white  and  black  cloth).  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

Summary  

Advanced  Color  Formulation  

In   practice   there   are   many   sources   of   error   apart   from   the   inaccuracies   of  
theory.   In   addition   there   is   human   error,   measurement   error,   batch  
variation   of   the   colorants,   and   the   non-­‐reproducibility   of   the   coloration  
process   itself.6   Once   a   process   is   under   control,   the   next   step   is   to   apply  
color   formulation   software.   It   has   been   shown   that   many   of   the   past  
methods   have   not   proven   to   be   completely   viable   for   the   variety   of   color  
applications  that  we  encounter  today.  
The   solutions   presented   through   the   X-­‐Rite   Color   iMatch   software   are   not  
based  on  Kubelka-­‐Munk  theory.  All  calculations  are  done  in  absolute  units,  
and  the  same  database  can  be  used  for  matching  samples  that  are  opaque,  
transparent,   or   translucent.   The   database   can   be   calibrated   using   samples  
measured  in  reflectance,  reflectance  and  transmittance,  or  contrast  modes.  
Color  iMatch  uses  a  single  mathematical  model  that  can  be  used  for  a  wide  
variety   of   applications.   There   are   many   features   within   Color   iMatch   that  
can  differentiate  it  from  other  color  matching  packages.  
Considering   the   full   scope   of   many   applications,   other   commercially  
available  packages  have  not  been  able  to  provide  a  total  solution  for  color  
matching.   With   the   addition   of   the   many-­‐flux   theory,   variable   K1   and   K2  
values,  and  spectral  matching  Color  iMatch  is  the  next  step  in  providing  the  
color  industry  with  a  total  solution  for  color  formulation.  

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 Multi  Flux  Matching

References  

   

1.)   Berger  1994  

Anni  Berger-­‐Schunn,  Practical  Color  Measurement,  John  Wiley  &  
Sons,  New  York,  1994.  

2.)   Billmeyer  1981  

Fred  W.  Billmeyer,  Jr.  and  Max  Saltzman,  Principles  of  Color  
Technology,  2nd  Edition,  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  New  York,  1981.  

3.)   Judd  1975  

Deane  B.  Judd  and  Gunter  Wyszeki,  Color  in  Business,  Science  and  
Industry,  2nd  Edition,  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  New  York,  1975.  

4.)   Maes  1996  

Mark  Maes,  “Advanced  Color  Formulation,"  Colourplas  Conference,  
Manchester,  1996.  

5.)   Mowery  1995  

David  Mowery,  “A  Complete  Solution  for  Computer  Color  
Formulation,"  1995.  

6.)   Nobbs  1985  

James  H.  Nobbs,  “Kubelka-­‐Munk  Theory  and  the  Prediction  of  
Reflectance,"  Rev.  Prog.  Coloration,  Vol.  15,  66-­‐75  (1985).  

7.)   Wyszecki  1982  

Gunter  Wyszecki  and  W.S.  Stiles,  Color  Science:  Concepts  and  
Methods,  Quantitative  Data  and  Formulae,  2nd  Edition,  John  Wiley  
&  Sons,  New  York,  1982.  

Advance Color Formulation Color iMatch References • 18

 Paint  Database  Guide  

Paint Database Guide

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Paint  Database  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

Table  of  Contents

Step  1  –  Review  General  Requirements ...................................................................................................................3  
Homogenity........................................................................................................... Error!  Bookmark  not  defined.  
Reproducibility .....................................................................................................................................................3  
Representative .....................................................................................................................................................3  
Accuracy ...............................................................................................................................................................3  
Sample  preparation  process ................................................................................................................................4  
Substrate ..............................................................................................................................................................4  
Filler  (f.e.  Blancfix)................................................................................................................................................4  
Calibration  Components ......................................................................................................................................4  
Calibration  Mixtures.............................................................................................................................................5  
Step  2  –  Verification  of  samples  and  tools ...............................................................................................................6  
Visual  verification  of  sample  &  process  repeatability ..........................................................................................6  
Visual  verification  of  calibration  mixtures............................................................................................................6  
Measurement  verification  of  sample  &  process  repeatability.......................................................................... 10  
Measurement  verification  of  homogeneity  of  calibration  samples .................................................................. 10  
Measurement  sequence  for  non  hiding  samples  (over  OL/OD) ....................................................................... 10  
Step  3  –  Measurement  of  all  Calibration  samples................................................................................................. 11  
Mixtures  of  colorant  with  Resin ........................................................................................................................ 13  
Mixtures  of  colorant  with  white ....................................................................................................................... 14  
Step  4  –  Prepare  all  data  for  the  creation  of  the  Colorant  Collection ................................................................... 15  
Step  5  –Creation  of  the  Paint  Data  File  and  storage  of  Base  Data ........................................................................ 17  
Create  a  data  base ............................................................................................................................................ 17  
Enter  substrate  data.......................................................................................................................................... 19  
Enter  the  Name,  Price,  Colorant  Strength,  SG,..  for  Base,  White  and  Black ..................................................... 21  
Insert  Calibration  samples................................................................................................................................. 22  
Recall  reflectance  data  for  the  calibration  mixtures ......................................................................................... 24  
Analysis  of  data  –  with  the  Calibrate  and  Diagnostic  Views.............................................................................. 27  
General  Rules  for  evaluation  of  concentration  samples,  which  do  not  fit........................................................ 28  
 
 

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Database  Preparation  
 
Refer  to  the  X-­‐Rite  Database  preparation  and  prepare  all  requested  samples  
Before  starting  the  measurement  process,  it  is  good  to  inspect  all  samples  
• Make  sure,  that  the  samples  are  complete  
• Make  sure,  that  all  samples  are  in  good  surface  quality  
 

Step  1  –  Review  General  Requirements  

Homogeneity  
Primary  samples  must  be  homogeny.  No  matter  at  which  location  of  the  sample  the  measurement  is  taken,  the  
measurements  should  provide  the  same  result.  If  samples  are  non-­‐homogeneous,  multiple  measurements  could  
be  taken  to  achieve  a  statistical  homogeneity.  

Reproducibility    
Primary   samples   must   be   reproducible.   No   matter,   which   person   under   which   condition   the   samples   produced,  
the  same  recipe  should  produce  the  same  sample.  
In   the   process   of   the   sample   preparation   it   is   strongly   recommended,   that   the   reproducibility   will   be   tested.   3  
persons  should  produce  at  3  days  3  recipes  –  these  will  be  compared  to  define  the  reproducibility.    
Experiences  have  shown,  that  ideally  all  calibration  samples  should  be  produced  by  the  same  person.  

Representative    
Primary  samples  must  represent  the  application  and  the  condition  under  which  later  on  tests  will  be  done.    
Example:  Film  thickness  If  the  typical  paint  applications  will  tested  at  100  my  film  thickness  it  is  recommended  to  
produce  the  primary  samples  at  the  same  film  thickness.  
Example:  Pigment  load  For  each  pigment  the  maximum  concentration  in  a  given  product  should  be  defined  and  
should   not   be   exceeded,   when   producing   the   calibration   samples.   Surface   changes   like   gloss   changes   or   orange  
peel  effects  are  indications,  that  the  maximum  pigmentation  has  been  exceeded.  

Accuracy  
The  highest  available  accuracy  is  required  in  each  step  of  the  calibration  sample  preparation  process.    
Example:   Scaling     It   is   not   important,   that   you   scale   exactly   the   amount,   which   is   recommended   by   X-­‐Rite   for   a  
defined   sample,   but   it   is   absolutely   important,   that   the   exact   scaled   amount   will   be   documented.   We   recommend  
to  use  a  scale  with  minimum  3digit  accuracy.    
Example:   Film   thickness:   Film   thickness   can   be   defined   using   different   methods   (wet,   dry).   Whatever   method   is  
chosen,  it  is  important  that  the  correct  film  thickness  will  be  provided.  It  is  recommended,  that  the  film  thickness  
within  a  colorant  calibration  file  should  stay  within  +-­‐5%    
 

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Sample  preparation  process    

The  same  sample  preparation  process  should  be  used  for  all  samples  
Example:   mixing     -­‐   The   same   mixing   equipment   with   the   same   settings   for   time   and   speed   must   be   used   for   all  
calibration  samples.  
 
Example:   application   –   The   same   application   equipment   with   the   same   settings   must   be   used   for   all   calibration  
samples.    

Substrate    
Calibration   samples   should   ideally   be   applied   over   non   fluorescing   black   and   white   contrast   cards.   These   must  
provide  areas  of  coat  over  black  and  white  of  at  least  25mm  *  25mm.    This  allows  taking  good  measurements  over  
contrast   background   and   provides   a   good   base   for   load   calculations.   Our   customers   have   collected   good  
experience  with  Form  5DX  from  Leneta.    

Filler  (f.e.  Blancfix)  

Filling  additives  have  very  often  a  color  contribution.  There  are  methods  to  define  this  and  take  this  into  account,  
when  formulating.    

Calibration  Components    
The   calibration   pigments,   white   and   black   as   well   as   the   calibration   Resin   are   base   materials   for   any   new  
calibration.  Mixtures  of  colorant  with  white  and  mixtures  of  colorant  with  black  are  made  for  any  new  colorant.  
That’s  why  it  is  important,  that  enough  of  these  materials  is  stocked.    
 
 

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Calibration  Mixtures    
The  ideal  mixtures  of  colorant  with  white,  black  and  resin  depend  on  the  individual  condition  in  a  given  system.  An  
excel  table  is  available  to  calculate  the  ratios  depending  on  the  condition.    
 
Base  Calibration  –  Black  white  and  Resin  

 
 
Requirements  for  each  colorant      

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Step  2  –  Verification  of  samples  and  tools  

Part  of  the  sample  preparation  process  is  to  define  the  process  and  scaling  conditions.    
For  this  purpose  we  would  like  you  to  completely  prepare  3  different  recipes  from  beginning  to  the  end  (scaling,  
mixing,   application,   drying)   at   3   days   by   3   persons.   This   will   produce   3   sets   with   each   9   samples.   This   will   give   you  
some  idea  about  the  reproduce  ability  within  the  given  working  condition.    

Visual  verification  of  sample  &  process  repeatability  

Visually  compare  the  3  sets  of  9  samples.  Are  these  visually  acceptable?    

Visual  verification  of  calibration  mixtures  

Visually  check  all  calibration  samples    
• Are  the  surfaces  ok?      
o  Do  you  recognize  surface  effects  like  bronzing,  gloss  variations,  orange  peel    
o Are  the  samples  homogeneous    
• Is  the  build-­‐up  logical?    
o Increasing  concentrations  should  lead  to  samples  with  increased  color  strength?  
 

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Sample  Set  for  Base  

calibration  with  the  
following  samples    
• Resin,    
• the  substrate,    
• 3  mixtures  of  white  
with  Resin,    
• 3  mixtures  of  
colorant  with  black  
• 3  mixtures  of  
colorant  with  white  
and  black.    

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Sample  Set  for  Oxide  Red  

calibration  with  the  
following  samples    
• 3  mixtures  of  
colorant  with  resin  
• 3  mixtures  of  
colorant  with  black  
and  resin    
• 5  mixtures  of  
colorant  with  white  
and  resin    
 
It  is  easily  to  be  seen  that  
the  samples  with  
transparent  are  cloudy      
 
On  the  mixtures  colorants  
with  white  a  good  build  
from  right  to  left  is  seen.  

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Measurement  verification  of  sample  &  process  repeatability    

Compare  the  3  set`s  of  each  9  samples.    

Measurement  verification  of  homogeneity  of  calibration  samples    

Especially,   when   we   build   up   a   paint   data   file   with   based   on   non   hiding   samples,   we   often   experienced,   in  
homogeneity  within  the  samples.  One  of  the  reasons  could  be  thickness  variations.        
Whatever  the  reason  for  in  homogeneity  is,  it  is  recommended  to  define  the  repeatability  on  those  samples.  This  
helps   to   define,   whether   single   measurements   are   ok   for   the   measurement   of   calibration   samples   or   multiple  
readings  have  to  be  taken.  
 
 
 

     From  the  job  button  choose  the  [select  

calibration]  mode  option.  
 
Select  the  Calibration  mode  Over  Light/Over  Dark  –  if  it  
is  not  yet  available  create  a  new  calibration  mode.  
 
Within  the  properties  of  the  calibration  mode  select  in  
the  extended  measurement  mode  the  Over  Light/Over  
Dark  option  

 
     
 

Measurement  sequence  for  non  hiding  samples  (over  OL/OD)    

 
Measurement  sequence  to  measure  a  standard  (or  trial)  over  black  and  white.  In  this  example  for  an  average  of  
two  measurements  
Enter  Name  and  Group    
data  and  continue  with  
next  

   

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Measure Measure
 
     

Measure Measure
 
     
 
With   the   above   measurement   sequence   a   few   measurement   comparisons   have   been   made.   Results   are   shown  
underneath  
 

 
Example:  Average  of  2  –  measurement  at  random  positions  created  differences  of  about  0.5  DE  and  variations  of  
about  +-­‐  0.5  in  CR  as  well.  In  the  following  example  an  averaging  of  3  showed  differences  of  about  0.1  DE*  

Step  3  –  Measurement  of  all  Calibration  samples  

For  this  function  a  job  will  be  created  to  store  all  calibration  samples  in  this  job.  
 
Certainly   all   measurements   could   be   done   directly   in   the   Pigment   Calibration   routine,   but   there   are   some  
advantages,  if  all  samples  have  been  measured  before  in  a  separate  process.  
• All  measurements  are  made  at  the  same  time  with  more  focus  and  less  interruptions  
• If  something  goes  wrong  with  the  calibration  –  the  samples  can  be  recalled  any  time  
• Easy  to  do  additional  tests,  if  there  are  doubts  about  the  measurement  for  difficult  samples  
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Typically  all  mixtures  would  be  measured  and  sample  identifications  would  be  provided,  which  makes  it  easy  to  
recall  the  correct  sample  
 
A  measure  routine  for  OverLight/OverDark  would  be  defined  and  all  samples  will  be  measured.  
 
 

 
 
At   the   end   all   samples   have   been   measured   and   stored   in   the   job   file.   The   display   (printer)   form   contains   the  
information  about  CR  as  well.  

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Mixtures  of  colorant  with  Resin  
 

 
Each  group  of  colorants  can  be  analyzed.  In  this  case  3  mixtures  of  
yellow  color  with  resin  viewed.  1  =  highest  concentration  2a  is  the  
lowest  concentration.    
In  the  above  data  group  we  can  see,  that  the  concentration  line  is  
represented  by  the  Contrast  ratio  1=51  /  2=34  /  2a  =  31.  
 
On  the  right  side,  we  see  that  the  samples  have  more  or  less  the  same  
hue  angle,  
 

 
Reflectance  data  over  
white  and  black  
 
The  measurements  over  
white  show  a  good  
separation  
The  measurements  over  
black  show  strange  
behaviour  for  the  lowest  
concentration  

     

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Mixtures  of  colorant  with  white  
 

 
Here  we  have  4  mixtures  of  the  yellow  with  white.  
The  increasing  yellow  concentration  from  7  (lowest)  to  3  (highest)  can  
be  seen  on  the  b-­‐value.  
The  higher  contrast  ration  of  sample  7  (higher  white  content)  agrees  
with  the  expectation.  
 
On  the  right  side,  we  see  that  the  samples  have  more  or  less  the  same  
hue  angle,  

 
 
Reflectance  data  over  
white  and  black    
There  is  a  good  
separation  between  the  
concentration  

     
 
 
Each  of  the  calibration  sets  should  be  analyzed  and  any  anomalies  should  be  noted.  

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Step  4  –  Prepare  all  data  for  the  creation  of  the  Colorant  Collection  
 
Within  the  process  of  a  Colorant  Collection  the  following  information  are  required:  
 
1. Job  with  all  reflectance  data  
2. All  concentrations  of  the  calibration  samples  
3. All  Specific  Gravities,  Colorant  Prices,      

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Step  5  –Creation  of  the  Paint  Data  File  and  storage  of  Base  Data  

Create  a  data  base  

 
With  F2  the  SET-­‐UP  will  be  called.  On  
the  Tab  IFS  Colorant  Collection  –  a  
new  collection  name  will  be  provided  
and  the  Create  New  Collection  button  
will  be  clicked.  

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The  Set  Colorant  File  windows  will  

come  up  and  file  definitions  have  to  be  
made.  
 
For  Paint  Application  with  non  hiding  
samples  the  OverLight/OverDark  
application  mode  will  be  selected.  
 
Typically  the  Specular  component  
included  mode  will  be  selected  
 
Typically  the  Sample  Amount  method  
–  weight  will  be  selected,  since  scaling  
of  calibration  samples  is  typically  done  
by  weight.  
 
Typically  the  Sample  thickness  will  be  
defined  in  the  sample  thickness.  
 
If  the  calibrate  Enable  is  activated,  the  
film  thickness  will  be  part  of  the  
calibration    
 
Next  the  substrate  has  to  be  measured  
or  called  from  Job  
This  is  done  by  clicking  the  substrate  
button.  

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Enter  substrate  data  

This  is  done  by  clicking  the  substrate  
button.  
By  pressing  the  [White]  button  the  
measurement  of  the  white  
background  would  be  initiated.    
 
By  pressing  the  [Black]  button  the  
measurement  of  the  white  
background  would  be  initiated.  
 
Since  all  measurements  have  been  
done  in  the  job  we  press  [Recall  from  
Job].  
This  allows  to  retrieve  the  
measurement  data  from  the  job.  

 
As  soon  the  measurement  data  have  
been  retrieved  the  lab  –  values  for  the  
over  light  and  over  dark  will  be  shown.  

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Enter  the  Name,  Price,  Colorant  Strength,  SG,..  for  Base,  White  and  Black  
In  the  next  step  enter  the  Name  and  
data  of  the  transparent  base.  
As  soon  this  is  done  press  the  [Go  to  
White]  button.  
 
This  switch  to  the  windows  to  enter  
the  White  Colorant  Data.  

 
In  the  next  step  enter  the  Name  and  
data  of  the  white.    
As  soon  this  is  done  press  the  [Go  to  
Black]  button.    
This  switch  to  the  windows  to  enter  
the  Black  Colorant  Data.  

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In  the  next  step  enter  the  Name  and  

data  of  the  Black.    
As  soon  this  is  done  press  the  [OK  
Save]  button.  
All  technical  data  and  prices  for  the  
Base,  the  White  and  the  Black  have  
been  entered  now.  

Insert  Calibration  samples  

In  list  of  calibration  data  a  sample  with  
100  %  Transparent  is  already  listed.    
The  –  sign  in  the  sample  indicates  that  
no  reflectance  measurements  have  
been  stored  yet.  
 
If  we  mark  this  sample  and  press  
modify,  we  can  view  the  details  of  this  
input  

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We  change  the  Name  to  agree  –  to  the  

name  we  used  in  the  job  for  the  100  %  
Transparent  
PEL-­‐BWR-­‐00  
Pressing  next  will  allow  to  enter  the  
next  concentration  
 

 
For  the  next  series  of  samples  –  the  mixtures  of  White  with  Resin  -­‐  the  name  and  concentration  will  be  entered.    

     
For  the  next  series  of  samples  –  the  mixtures  of  Black  with  Resin  will  be  entered  

     
For  the  next  series  of  samples  –  the  mixtures  of  White  and  Black  and  Resin  will  be  entered    

     

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Recall  reflectance  data  for  the  calibration  mixtures  

As  soon  all  concentrations  have  been  entered  press  the  ok  button  
When  all  concentrations  have  been  
entered  a  list  of  all  samples  will  be  
shown.  The  –  sign  will  indicate,  that  no  
reflectance  readings  are  available.  
Mark  the  first  sample  and  press  the  
[Recall  from  Job]  button.      

 
Select  from  the  job  the  sample  which  
contains  the  reflectance  for  this  
concentrations      

 
Repeat  this  for  all  samples  in  the  list.  

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

As  soon  all  for  samples  a  reflectance  

curve  has  been  added  the  listing  
would  like  this.  
Instead  of  a  –  there  is  a  sample  icon  
with  a  measurement  over  white  and  
black  background  for  the  non  hiding  
samples  and  a  solid  icon  with  the  color  
of  the  sample  for  the  hiding  samples.    
 
For  whatever  sample  is  selected  
detailed  information  will  be  provided  
underneath.    
 
   

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

Analysis  of  data  –  with  the  Calibrate  and  Diagnostic  Views  

In  this  example  of  the  calibration  view  
there  is  a  quite  good  back  calculation  
of  all  samples  over  white  except  for  
sample  8  which  shows  a  difference  of  
6  DE  over  light  and  6.1  over  black.  

 
The  program  allows  to  disable  easily  
the  questionable  samples  
 
Once  the  questionable  sample  has  
been  disabled  –  the  calibrated  
function  will  be  used  again.  

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

After  disabling  the  sample  08  the  

average  color  difference  has  dropped  
down  from  1.6  down  to  0.8.  
 
As  better  the  average  dE  is,  as  better  
the  agreement  of  the  samples  to  each  
other  is  (as  better  the  process  control)  
in  the  sample  preparation.    
 

General  Rules  for  evaluation  of  concentration  samples,  which  do  not  fit  
If  there  are  samples,  which  do  not  fit  to  the  rest  of  the  samples  proceed  in  the  following  way:  
• Check  the  concentration  –  is  the  right  concentration  entered  
• Check  the  film  thickness  entry  
• Recall  the  sample  once  again  (to  avoid  that  a  wrong  sample  has  been  used)  
• Remeasure  the  sample  
• Remake  the  sample  
With  the  diagnostic  views  further  
information  can  be  received.    

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

In  the  diagnostic  views  the  reflectance  

curves,  Absorption,  Scattering  and  K  
vs.  S  curves  and  Curve  comparisons  
can  be  made.  

 
One  of  the  items  you  should  look  for  is  
a  good  representation  over  the  total  
reflectance  area.    
 

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

Once  the  samples  have  been  approved  

press  OK  /  Save  

 
This  will  review  the  calibration  of  the  
samples  

 
 
 

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

Repeat  the  procedure  for  all  colorants    

• Enter  data  (price,  SG,  …)  
• Enter  Data  (Price,  SG,  min  
max,  ….)  
• Recipes  
• Recall  samples  
• Evaluate  samples  
 
From  to  time  close  the  colorant  file    
 

 
Save  to  Database  and  save  job  
afterwards  

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 Paint  Database  Guide  

The  colorant  set  is  now  available  in  the  

data  base  and  can  be  used  for  
formulation,  
 
The  next  step  would  be  to  create  a  job  
template  with  the  colorant  collection.    

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   Colorant  Rules  

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Colorant  Rules  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
 
Colorant  Rules  in  formulation  is  used  to  select  a  set  of  colorants  out  of  all  the  current  colorants  
available   to   be   used   for   formulation.     It   is   like   creating   a   group   of   colorants   on   the   fly.     For  
example   if   you   need   to   match   a   shade   with   paint   but   need   it   to   dry   quickly   they   you   can   specify  
a  rule  for  drying  time  to  be  equal  to  or  shorter  that  30  minutes.    When  you  choose  this  rule  in  
formulation  it  will  look  through  the  colorants  available  and  select  only  those  that  you  have  set  
to  have  drying  times  of  30  minutes  or  less.    To  use  Colorant  Rules  you  can  define  up  to  30  tags  /  
information  you  want  to  track  or  group  by,  enter  the  actual  information  into  each  colorant,  then  
create  a  rule  for  use  in  formulation.      
 
First   you   will   need   to   setup   Colorant   Tags.     This   is   a   onetime   setup   and   will   be   used   for   all  
colorants   in   the   system.     To   setup   colorant   tags   you   will   enter   Color   iMatch   and   close   all   e-­‐Jobs.    
Then  go  to  the  Settings  menu  and  choose  Setup  Colorant  Tagging.      
 

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   Colorant  Rules  

 
 
To  create  tags,  click  on  <New  Item>  in  the  left  box  and  then  enter  a  name  for  the  label  under  
Displayed  Label  on  the  right.    Then  choose  the  type  of  entry  you  would  like  for  this  type  of  tag.    
Field   Types   are   Text   Edit   [free   entry],   Drop   List   [will   be   presented   with   a   drop   down   list   and  
much   choose   from   the   list],   Edit   List   [will   be   presented   with   a   drop   down   list   but   can   type   in  
data],  MultiSelect  [will  be  presented  with  a  drop  down  list  and  can  select  more  than  on  item].    
For   the   above   example   there   are   only   two   tags   named   Drying   Time   with   an   edit   list   and  
Application   with   a   multi   select.     I   added   values   to   each   list   that   will   appear   in   the   drop   down   on  
each   colorant.     Once   you   have   created   all   the   tags   you   wish   to   use   then   click   OK   and   it   will   save  
the  colorant  tagging  information.  
 
Next  you  will  need  to  edit  each  colorant  and  put  the  correct  values  in  for  each  of  the  tags.    To  do  
this,   open   an   e-­‐Job   that   has   colorants   in   it   or   import   colorants   from   an   IFS   file   or   from   the  
database.    Then  from  the  List  View  right  click  on  one  of  the  colorants  and  go  to  Properties.    On  
the   properties   of   a   colorant   there   will   be   a   Colorant   Tagging   tab   that   will   have   the   tags   you  
setup  and  blank  values.    Enter  in  the  values  needed  for  each  tag  using  the  drop  down  or  hand  
entering.      
 

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   Colorant  Rules  

 
 
There  is  also  a  space  for  a  Safety  Comment.    In  formulation  a  formula  will  have  an  exclamation  
point  to  the  right  of  the  formula  number  indicating  that  at  least  one  of  the  colorants  has  a  safety  
comment.    If  you  right  click  on  the  formula  number  you  have  an  option  to  “View  Safety  warnings  
associated  with  this  formula”.  
 
The  last  thing  is  to  create  a  rule  to  use.    For  example  you  have  30  colorants  available.    Of  these  
30   colorants   the   drying   times   vary   and   the   application   varies   for   each.     You   want   to   do   a  
formulation  but  use  only  colorants  that  can  dry  within  120  minutes  and  can  be  applied  to  metal.    
So  you  create   a   rule.     With   an   e-­‐Job   open   go   into   the   formulation   mode.     Then   go   to   Settings  
[Pencil   and   paper   icon].     The   last   tab   will   be   Colorant   Rules.     The   number   of   tabs   and   what   is   on  
those  tabs  in  settings  will  depend  on  how  your  system  is  configured.    Under  the  Colorant  Rules  
tab   you   can   enter   in   a   name   for   your   rule   in   the   Create   New   Rule   block.     This   will   be   in   the   drop  
down  in  formulation  as  a  rule  to  choose.    You  can  add  a  description  for  your  own  notes.    Then  
you  can  create  up  to  eight  filters.    In  the  example  below  we  have  drying  time  is  equal  to  or  less  
than  120  and  Application  contains  metal.    The  qualifiers  are  abbreviations  for  EQ  is  Equals  can  
be   text   or   number,   LT   is   Less   Than   and   must   be   number,   GT   is   Greater   Than   and   must   be  
number,  LT  or  EQ  is  Less  than  or  equal  to  and  must  be  a  number,  GT  or  EQ  is  Greater  Than  or  
Equal   To   and   must   be   a   number,   NOT   EQ   is   Not   Equal   and   must   be   a   number,   CONTAINS   is  
Contains  and  can  be  text  or  number,  NOT  CONTAIN  is  Not  Contains  and  can  be  text  or  number.    
Contains  and  Not  Contains  should  be  used  especially  on  multi  select  fields.  
 

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   Colorant  Rules  

 
 
Then  in  formulation  you  will  have  a  drop  down  box  on  the  right  side  containing  all  the  colorant  
rules  you  have  created.    When  you  select  one  of  the  rules  such  as  Fast  Dry  Metal  then  only  the  
colorants  meeting  those  requirements  will  be  used  for  formulation.    So  out  of  the  30  colorants  
only  12  meet  the  fast  dry  metal  rule  and  will  be  used  for  formulation.  
 
 

 
 
 
When  using  a  rule  you  will  not  be  able  to  select  or  deselect  individually  colorants.    You  will  need  
to  select  no  rule  to  manually  select  colorants.  

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 Account  Management

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Account  Management  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 

Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  contains  an  account  management  system  that  allows  an  administrator  
to  create,  modify,  and  mange  groups  of  users  and  control  what  permissions  and  features  each  
group   has   access   to.   When   enabled,   Color   iQC   /   Color   iMatch   requires   a   logon   during   startup  
that  prompts  the  user  for  an  operator  ID  [OPERID]  and  password.  The  PASSWORD  entered  must  
match   an   existing   password   for   an   existing   group   account   in   order   to   proceed   with   operating  
Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch.  By  design,  multiple  users  may  operate  under  the  same  group  account  
settings.  The  OPERID  is  not  a  required  part  of  the  group  account  [it  is  ONLY  the  password  that  
determines   which   group   account   is   selected],   however   the   OPERID   is   used   for   identifying   the  
individual   –   each   measurement   made   contains   this   OPERID   whether   account   management   is  
enabled  or  not.    
 
Each   group   account   that   is   created   contains   settings   to   enable/disable   actions   and   controls   that  
are  defined  as  “permissions”.  Disabling  a  particular  permission  or  control  for  a  user  group  will  
prevent  those  users  from  taking  that  action,  or  accessing  that  control.  
 
Each  group  account  can  designate  a  “default  desktop”  to  be  used  for  that  user  group.  Desktops  
contain  settings  that  determine  path  settings,  databases,  default  settings  files,  and  toolbars  –  so  
are   a   great   way   to   modify   program   appearance   and   behavior   based   on   different   uses.   An  
example   would   be   desktops   for   “Production”,   “Lab”,   and   “Manager”   which   could   be   used   to  

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 Account  Management

easily  tailor  operation  for  each  department,  and  each  department  may  run  3  shifts  –  each  shift  
operator  using  the  same  group  account  for  their  department.  
 
It   is   important   to   note   that   Group   accounts   are   independent   of   the   actual   windows   user  
accounts,  and  more  than  one  user  may  use  the  same  group  account.  This  makes  it  possible  to  
have  only  a  few  group  accounts  that  determine  levels  of  permissions  for  many  actual  users.  
 
The  account  management  system  also  includes  the  ability  of  assigning  read/write  permissions  to  
data   stored   in   the   database   based   on   security   groups.   Security   groups   are   defined   by   regions  
[regional]   and   each   region   contains   user   defined   locales   [local].   Each   group   account   can   be  
assigned  to  a  specific  Region  and  Locale.  When  a  measurement  object  is  created,  it  is  assigned  
to  the  Region  and  Locale  of  the  creating  user  group.  When  recalling  data  from  the  database,  or  
writing   data   to   the   database,   the   user   groups   permissions   to   “Read   from   database”   and  
“modify/write  measurements”  can  be  set  to  allow  “access  to  all  data”,  “access  to  your  Region”,  
“access   only   your   Region/Locale”.   This   allows   administrators   to   have   a   single   large   database   but  
restrict  access  to  the  data  by  user  groups.  A  user  assigned  to  the  “Asia,  HongKong”  region/locale  
would  not  be  able  to  see  or  retrieve  data  that  was  stored  by  the  “USA,  New  York”  office  unless  
they  had  the  permission  to  retrieve  data  “from  all  regions”.  
 
Objects  by  default  are  assigned  the  REGION/LOCAL  ID  of  the  creating  user,  however  this  may  be  
changed   by   editing   the   properties   of   the   object   if   the   current   user   has   “modify”   rights   to   that  
object  [see  security  tab].  It  is  also  possible  to  set  the  ownership  of  objects  so  that  they  can  be  
read  by  anyone  within  a  specific  REGION,  or  by  everyone  [in  any  region],  by  setting  either  the  
LOCAL_ID=none   [to   allow   anyone   within   that   region   to   have   access],   or   REGION   and  
LOCAL=none  [to  allow  everyone  access].  
 
The  accounts,  regions,  and  locales  that  are  created  in  Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  are  stored  in  a  
file   called   “proxy.archive”   normally   kept   in   the   “System   Shared   Settings   Path”   [default   is   the  
application’s  Program  Files  folder  “C:\Program  Files\GretagMacbeth\Color_iControl\”  ],  but  this  
can   be   located   on   a   network   drive   and   shared   with   multiple   network   users.   If   the   location   is  
changed,  the  registry  variable:  
 
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\GretagMacbeth\Color_iControl\Preferences\Job  
Defaults\System  Shared  Settings  Path  
 
must   be   set   by   the   administrator   for   each   user.     Note   that   is  ABSOLUTELY   CRITICAL   that   this   file  
proxy.archive  be  backed  up,  since  it  contains  all  the  account  information  and  security  ID’s  and  
cannot   be   recreated   with   the   same   security   IDs   [you   can   recreate   the   REGION   and   LOCAL  
names,   but   they   would   have   new   randomly   assigned   security   IDs   and   would   not   match   the  
existing  database  objects].  
 
 

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 Account  Management

 
 
 
The   Account   Management   dialog   allows   administrators   to   create   user   groups   and   set   their  
permissions.  It  also  allows  the  administrator  to  assign  each  account  to  a  security  group  and  set  
its  read/write  permissions  for  database  access.  See  table  in  appendix  for  full  list  of  permissions  
and  controls.  
 

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Once   security   groups   have   been   defined,   security   tagging   is   automatically   enabled   with   all  
database   and   job   read/write   functions.   There   are   no   limits   to   the   number   of   regions   and  
locales/region   that   can   be   set.   Please   note   that   if   a   security   group   is   DELETED,   it   CANNOT   be  
recreated.   Creating   another   group   of   the   same   NAME   will   NOT   associate   that   new   security  
group  with  existing  measurements  owned  by  the  earlier  [deleted]  group.  Those  measurements  
will  have  to  be  recalled  [by  an  account  that  can  access  them],  then  reassigned  to  ownership  by  
the  new  group  [see  properties  of  a  measurement].  
 
 
Special  features  of  Account  Management:  
 
1) By  default,  a  new  system  always  has  a  “default_user”  account,  with  no  password.  You  
cannot  delete  this  account.  If  you  launch  Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  using  OLE  methods  
[by   double   clicking   on   an   attachment   and   having   Windows   launch   Color   iQC   /   Color  
iMatch   automatically],   this   is   the   account   that   will   be   used   to   run   from.   In   addition,  
since  it  contains  no  password,  any  user  who  attempts  to  run  Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  
and  does  not  enter  a  password  will  get  this  account  by  default.  If  you  DO  NOT  want  to  
allow   this   type   of   access,   then   either   disable   all   permissions   in   this   account,   or   set   a  
password  in  it  to  prevent  unauthorized  access.  
 

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 Account  Management

2) It   is   not   necessary   to   enable   full   security   account   management   and   passwords   to   gain  
the  benefit  of  accounts….  If  you  have  created  user  groups  with  short  “names”  [less  than  
10   characters],   and   have   “disable   passwords”   checked   in   Account   Management,   then  
any   user   entering   an   OPERID   that   matches   an   existing   account   name   will   run   under   that  
account.    

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 Account  Management

Appendix  
 
Permissions  List:  
 
  Delete  Data  from  Job  
  Delete  Standards  from  Job  
  Delete  Data  from  Database  
  Delete  Standards  from  Database  
  Change  Name  formatting  settings  
  Modify  Properties  of  Data  in  a  Job  
  Modify  Properties  of  Standards  
  Save  Data  to  Database  
  Save  Standards  to  Database  
  Access  Formulation  mode  
  Access  Correction  mode  
  Create  Colorants  or  Collections  
  Modify  System  or  Job  Settings  
  Access  Account  Management  
  Read  or  Calibrate  the  spectrophotometer  
  Read  Standards  from  spectrophotometer  
  Change  current  database  path  
  Access  items  on  special  tools  menu  
  Modify  security  tag  ownership  of  data  
  Recall  colorants  or  collections  from  Database  
 
Controls  List:  
 
  Access  System  Settings  Page  
  Access  Job-­‐General  Settings  page  
  Access  Job-­‐QC  settings  page  
  Access  Job-­‐Options  settings  page  
  Allow  user  to  change  views  to  a  different  View  
  Allow  user  to  modify  the  properties  of  Views  
  Allow  user  to  open  new  jobs  without  using  predefined  templates.    
  Show  “Save  Formula”  button  in  Formulation  mode  
  Show  “Edit  Formula”  button  in  Formulation  mode  
  Show  “Multi-­‐Target/Single  Target”  button  in  Formulation  mode  
  Show  “Show  All”  button  in  Formulation  mode  
  Show  “Dispense  Formula”  button  in  Formulation  mode  
  Show  “Opacity  Control”  in  Formulation  mode  header  
  Show  “Can  ID”  control  in  Formulation  header  

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 Account  Management

  Show  “Batch”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  

  Show  “Can”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Resin”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Resin  Manual”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Resin  Full”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Resin  Traditional”  radio  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Quantity”  Edit  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “DL  Adjust”  control  in  formulation  header  
  Show  “Thickness”  combo  control  in  formulation  header  
  Show  “Rules”  combo  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Process  type”  combo  control  in  formulation  header  
  Show  “Fiber  Type”  combo  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Dye  Class  Type”  combo  control  in  Formulation  header  
  Show  “Preference”  combo  control  in  Formulation  header;  
  Access  Formulation-­‐Batch  Settings  page    
  Access  Formulation-­‐Formulate  settings  page  
  Access  Formulation-­‐Display  settings  page  
Access  Formulation-­‐Printing  settings  page  
Access  Formulation-­‐Score  settings  page  
Access  Formulation-­‐Rules  settings  page  
Access  Formulation-­‐Printing  settings  page  
Show  “Save”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “Edit”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “Batch-­‐As-­‐Waste”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “Show  Last  Batch”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “Setup”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “Dispense”  button  in  Correction  mode  
Show  “IFS_Collection”  combo  in  Correction  header  

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Managing  Electronic  Submissions  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

 
Color  iQC  contains  many  features  designed  to  help  you  manage  and  participate  in  any  electronic  
supply   chain   management   [aka   electronic   submissions]   program.   The   core   of   these   features   is  
known   as   “e-­‐Submit”   within   Color   iQC,   and   can   easily   integrate   with   the   rest   of   your   submit  
tools.       The   e-­‐Submit   option,   along   with   Extended   Tagging,   allows   users   to   enter   information  
which  is  useful  for  customers  working  with  their  suppliers  to  electronically  communicate  color  
data  throughout  their  supply  chain;  this  is  done  through  a  set  of  fields    included  as  part  of  the  
information  stored  with  the  measurement.    Usually  this  is  done  for  the  standard  or  target  colors  
specified   by   the   designer   which   needs   to   be   reproduced   in   the   color   matching   process.   These  
"tagged"  fields  can  be  viewed  in  a  special  e-­‐Submit  View  in  the  Quality  Control  mode  [listed  as  
just  "Submit  View"  in  the  Change  View  dialog].   Information   included   in   the   tagged   fields   may   be  
printed   out   in   the   form   of   a   report   or   transmitted   electronically   in   the   *.CXF   [or   *.QTX]   file  
format   through   your   computer's   e-­‐mail   system,   ftp   site,     or   exported   into   other   electronic  
submission   software.   The   tag   data   is   key   when   recalling   items   from   the   database.   Using   the  
Dynamic  Database  Viewer  feature  the  user  is  able  to  display  the  database  contents  in  an  infinite  
number   of   user   definable   hierarchies   arranged   in   tree   fashion.   In   fact,   the   tagging/organize  
function   is   useful   even   if   you   do   not   need   to   employ   the   e-­‐Submit   color   communications  
features.     Note   that   while   extended   tagging   is   an   e-­‐Submit   feature,   you   do   not   have   to   be  
participating   in   an   electronic   submission   program   to   take   advantage   of   extended   tagging  
features.  

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
Most  communication  in  the  submission  process  currently  uses  e-­‐mail  attachments  to  pass  color  
information   between   systems,   although   some   systems   are   used   that   are   internally   coupled   to  
the   same   database   and   exchange   information   directly.       Color   iQC   can   operate   in   both  
environments,  although  the  e-­‐mail  format  is  the  most  straightforward  and  easiest  to  implement.    
 

 
 
 
Setting  up  e-­‐Submit:  
 
In   order   to   begin   with   e-­‐Submit,   you   must   first   enable   e-­‐Submit   and   Tagging   support.   This   is  
done   from   the   “Settings”   menu   by   selecting   “Edit   Default   System   Settings”   when   no   jobs   are  
open:  
 
 

 
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

This   will   display   the   “Change   System   Settings”   dialog   box.     Go   to   the   “User   Settings”   tab   and  
scroll  down  to  the  “General  Workflow”  section  and  set  “Enable  e-­‐Submit  and  Tagging”  to  True.  
 

 
 
In   addition,   you   will   have   to   set   up   the   system   parameters   that   are   to   be   used   when   you   are  
working   with   e-­‐Submits.   The   tabs   “Tag   Format”   and   “eSubmit”   allow   you   to   set   these  
parameters.    
 
 
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
Under  “Tag  Format”,  the  first  two  settings  are  the  Format  Files  that  you  want  to  use  to  define  
your   tag   labels   and   choices.   Any   Trial   Label   Format   or   Standard   Label   Format   files   you   specify  
here  are  system  defaults  that  may  be  overridden  by  individual  job  or  template  file  settings.      
 
The  Format  Files  that  you  use  may  come  from  one  or  more  Customers,  be  downloaded  from  a  
web-­‐site,   or   they   can   be   created   from   examples   included   with   Color   iQC.   The   format   files   define  
what   label/tag   pairs   you   want   each   trial   [and   standard]   to   get   when   they   are   measured,   what  
type  of  data  field  it  is  [edit  box,  dropdown  list,  multi-­‐select],  what  the  transfer  label  is,  which  tag  
group   it   is   in,   and   what   the   possible   choices   for   it   are   [if   any   are   defined].   In   addition,   the  
position  of  the  label/tag  pair  in  the  list  is  important  in  terms  of  database  storage  –  each  item  is  
linked  to  a  specific  database  column  in  the  TAGS  table,  so  do  not  change  the  order  of  the  tags  
once  determined.  
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

Editing  Format  Files:  

You   may   edit   or   create   a   new   eSubmit   format   file   from   the   “Settings      Tag   Format”   dialog   box.    
To   edit   an   existing   file,   select   it   from   the   drop-­‐down   list   and   click   once   on   the   <Edit   this   file>  
button  below  the  list  display  field.    To  create  a  new  format  file,  type  in  a  new  name  in  the  list  
field,   deleting   the   name   displayed   if   necessary,   and   click  on   the   <Edit   this   file>   button.     The   Edit  
Format   File   dialog   will   open   (see   figure   below).   This   dialog   allows   you   to   define   the   various   data  
fields  for  use  with  the  eSubmit  and  extended  tagging  functions.      
Enter  the  first  item  you  want  into  the  field  at  the  upper  right  titled  “Displayed  Label”.  The  field  
below  allows  you  to  enter  in  the  “Transfer  Label”  (usually  UPPER  CASE).  The  Transfer  Label  is  the  
label   actually   used   in   the   QTX   file   to   transmit   the   TAG   information;   the   displayed   field   is   what   is  
used   in   your   jobs   and   database   to   display   and   store   the   information.   To   add   a   NEW   tag,   you  
must  click  on  the  <new  item>  entry  in  the  list  before  entering  any  information.  
The   Group   Tab   allows   you   to   designate   the   TAG   as   belonging   to   one   of   3   predetermined   groups  
to  help  distinguish  what  the  information  is  related  to.    
The   Field   Type   allows   you   to   select   the   type   of   field   the   item   will   be:   an   editable   text   field,   a  
drop-­‐down  list  of  predetermined  options,  a  multiple  select  list,  or  an  editable  drop-­‐down  list.  
The  Values  box  below  the  list  will  become  active  if  you  select  either  the  Drop-­‐down  List  or  the  
Edit  List  option  for  the  field.  You  may  enter  the  values  you  wish  displayed  in  the  eSubmit  field  on  
separate  lines  by  pressing  the  <Enter>  key  after  each  item.  
Once  you  have  the  fields  on  the  right  side  of  the  dialog  filled  in,  click  once  on  the  <Add>  button.  
The   new   item   will   be   listed   in   the   “Displayed   Labels”   box.   The   system   will   automatically  
increment  the  number  of  the  field  as  items  are  added.  You  may  change  the  order  of  the  items  
by  selecting  one  and  using  the  <Up>  and  <Down>  buttons  to  the  left  of  the  box.  
Click  <OK>  to  finalize  the  modification  or  create  the  new  file.  
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
You  may  have  a  maximum  of  30  labels  in  each  format  file.  The  size  of  the  label  cannot  exceed  20  
characters,   and   the   size   of   the   data   you   enter   for   each   label   cannot   exceed   120   characters.    
Additional  submission  options  are  available  on  the  “eSubmit”  tab.    Items  here  include  transfer  
format   [CxF   or   QTX],   options   for   how   to   connect   to   your   MAPI   compliant   email   system,   and  
option  for  automatic  database  search  and  replace.  
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
The  remaining  parameters  are  set  from  the  “Settings    eSubmit”  tab:    
 

 
 
The   two   radio   buttons   in   the   center   of   the   dialog   are   mutually   exclusive.   You   must   choose  
whether  you  are  using  the  QTX  format  or  the  CXF  format  for  your  outgoing  eSubmit  files.    CXF  is  
the  new  XML  standard  based  on  CXF3  and  is  currently  being  considered  for  ISO  adoption  as  the  
international  standard  for  communicating  color.  
 
Visual   Comment:   “Comment”   mapping   allows   you   to   map   comments   into   either   the   QTX  
“COMMENTS”  field,  or  map  to  the  field  “COMMENT”  for  support  of  alternate  systems.  
 
Send  as  email  attachment:    Software  automatically  creates  a  MAPI  text  message  with  the  QTX  or  
CXF  file  attached  and  launches  customers  email  client  with  the  MAPI  message:  

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 Use  Lotus  Notes  sets  system  to  use  Lotus  Notes  style  MAPI  support.  
 Emulate   Track   sets   system   to   use   DCI   Track   style   headers   and   formats   when  
sending  electronic  submissions  by  email.  
 Email  images  sets  system  to  automatically  attach  a  JPG  image  file  for  each  sent  
measurement  that  has  an  associated  image.  The  image(s)  will  be  automatically  
retrieved  into  a  receiving  iQC  system’s  image  library.  
 
Enable  Access  to  Mail  Client  Inbox:    Allows  iQC  to  scan  the  users  email  inbox  and  display  new  
incoming  e-­‐submit  or  Track  messages:  
 
 Automatic  extraction  of  incoming  submits.  –  If  checked,  performs  an  automatic  
scan   of   the   users   inbox   every   5   minutes   and   moves   new   submits   into   the  
specified  incoming  submits  folder.  
 
When   importing,   search   database   for   matching   standard:     When   a   submit   file   (QTX   or   CXF)   is  
opened,   iQC   can   recall   the   local   matching   standard   from   its   own   database   and   replace   the  
standard(s)   in   the   incoming   submit.   This   maintains   trial   associations   with   the   local   standard   and  
confirms  that  the  correct  standard  was  sent  with  the  submission:  
 
 Keep   replaced   standard   in   job   –   allows   any   replaced   standard   to   be   kept   for  
review,  or  deleted  automatically.  
  
Incoming   FTP   site:     Color   iQC   can   optionally   monitor   and   retrieve   e-­‐Submits   through   a   shared  
FTP  site.  
 
External  Send  program:    Color  iQC  can  optionally  launch  a  program  or  command  file  to  handle  
the   e-­‐submit   file   (QTX   or   CXF)   that   was   created.   The   name   of   the   created   file   will   be   included   as  
a  parameter  on  the  command  line.  
 
The   supplier   accreditation   number:     Required   for   submissions   to   some   specifiers,   if   you   have  
one  you  should  enter  it  here  for  automatic  inclusion  in  the  submission.    This  is  a  system  setting  
that  can  be  overridden  by  the  specific  FMT  file  being  used.  
 
Sender  Name:    If  ftp  transfer  is  being  used  to  send  e-­‐submits,  enter  a  name  here  to  tag  the  ftp  
file  with  the  name  of  the  sender.  

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 Electronic  Submissions

Using  Format  Files:  

 
Each  time  you  open  a  job,  the  job  reads  in  the  definitions  of  the  format  files  for  standards  and  
for   trials.   If   the   format   file   is   specified   in   the   job   settings   [including   settings   file   or   template],  
then   it   is   used   –   otherwise   the   system   specified   default   format   files   will   be   used.   Each   time   a  
measurement  is  created,  it  acquires  the  labels  from  the  current  format  file  [either  standard  or  
trial   –   whichever   is   appropriate].   From   that   point   on,   regardless   of   what   format   file   is   used,   that  
measurement  already  contains  the  labels  it  was  given  “at  birth”.  This  makes  it  possible  to  work  
with   and   display   trials   from   a   variety   of   sources   within   the   same   job.   Changing   labels   in   a  
measurement  after  creation  can  be  done  from  within  the  Submit  View.    
 
To   define   a   format   file   to   be   used   for   a   particular   job   or   settings   file,   first   open   the   job  and   from  
the  “Settings”  icon  select  the  “Tag  Format”  tab.    This  brings  up  a  dialog  similar  to  the  one  shown  
earlier,   but   in   this   case   there   are   additional   options   to   select   tag   format   files   that   ONLY   apply   to  
this  job.    
 

 
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
If   the   format   file   fields   are   left   blank,   it   indicates   this   job   will   use   the   default   system   format   files  
you  specified  earlier.    
 
In   the   e-­‐mail   submission   process,   the   action   of   submitting   from   a   supplier   to   a   customer   uses  
the  email  address  associated  with  the  CUSTOMER_EMAIL  tag  in  the  Standard.  When  a  customer  
reply’s  to  a  Submit,  they  are  using  the  SUPPLIER_EMAIL  field  in  the  submit  [trial]  being  sent.  If  
no   email   addresses   are   found,   then   the   user   will   be   prompted   for   an   email   address   before  
sending.  
 
Submit  View:  
 
The  submit  view  is  available  as  a  view  from  within  the  QC  frame  in  a  job.  It  is  designed  to  let  you  
work   with   Standards   and   Trials   while   viewing   and   modifying   their   tag   data,   and   perform   actions  
related  to  submitting  and  approving  samples.    
 

 
 
The   Submit   view   works   with   all   the   measurements   currently   “shown   in   views”.   The   Submit   view  
can   show   tag   information   for   the   current   standard   and   each   trial   that   is   currently   enabled.  
Select   the   item   shown   in   the   Submit   view   by   using   the   combo   selector   at   the   top   left.   The  
combo   selector   also   indicates   the   current   status   of   each   trial   using   icons   for   “Submitted”,  
“Rejected”,  “Commented”,  and  “Approved”.  
 
Tags  can  be  divided  into  categories.    Click  on  the  appropriate  TAB  to  view/edit  tag  information  
related   to   that   category.   The   names   of   these   tabs   can   be   modified   by   the   user   using   the   Format  
File  editor.    You  may  move  from  field  to  field  using  the  arrow  keys  or  TAB  key  on  your  keyboard.    
To  activate  a  field  for  editing,  it  may  be  necessary  to  click  the  <Enter>  key.  How  you  edit  each  
field  depends  on  the  type  of  field  it  is.    After  you  edit  the  field  be  sure  to  press  <Enter>  or  click  
on  another  field.    If  you  do  not  press  <Enter>  the  arrow  keys  will  not  work  as  navigational  keys.  
The   Text   Edit   type   of   field   simply   allows   you   to   click   within   the   field   and   place   a   text   cursor   into  
the  field.  Enter  the  desired  text  and  then  select  the  next  field.  

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
The   Drop   List   type   of   field   will   open   the   list   when   you   double-­‐click   it.   Each   item   will   be  
displayed;  scroll  through  the  list  and  double-­‐click  your  selection.  
 
The  Edit  List  type  of  field  opens  that  item’s  Properties…  dialog  box  where  you  may  enter  in  your  
data  directly  into  the  submit  fields  for  that  item.  
 
The   Multi   Select   type   of   field   allows   you   to   choose   multiple   items   from   a   checkbox   list   of  
choices  defined  in  the  FMT  file  and  includes  your  choices  in  the  Tag  separated  by  commas.  
 
The  Date  Field  allows  you  to  enter  a  date  in  any  valid  format,  and  double  clicking  on  the  arrow  
launches  a  date  time  picker  calendar  control  for  easier  entry.  
 
The   AutoAssign   field   type   allows   the   user   to   define   and   maintain   multiple   “auto-­‐increment”  
fields  in  the  database  to  support  fields  (like  LD  numbers)  which  automatically  increment  to  the  
next  numerical  value.  

The  easiest  way  to  enter  trial  information  is  fill  out  the  Submit  fields  for  the  standard  prior  to  
measuring   the   samples   (appropriate   information   from   matching   display   labels  are   automatically  
copied   to   the   trial   during   measurement),   or   by   using   the   right   click   menu   “Copy   Tags   from  
Standard  to  Trials”.    There  are  other  menu  items  available  which  allow  you  to  perform  similar  
actions,   including   resetting   the   labels   to   the   current   format   file,   clearing   all   data,   and   copying  
data  from  the  current  measurement  to  other  measurements  [of  the  same  type].    
 

The   buttons   on   the   submit   view   control   panel   allow   you   to   mark   each   item   as   Submitted  
(arrow/check),   not   done   (blue   curved   arrow),   accept   (green   checkmark),   rejected   (red   X),   and  

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 Electronic  Submissions

commented  (yellow  question  mark)  once  a  determination  has  been  made  regarding  that  item’s  
disposition.  Marking  a  submit  status  with  anything  other  than  “Not  Done”  will  cause  that  item  to  
be   included   and   sent   in   the   Submission   process.   To   prevent   an   item   from   being   sent,   either  
mark  it  “Not  Done”,  remove  it  from  views,  or  use  the  menu  item  “Do  not  submit  this  item”.  

The  Visual  comment  field  to  the  right  top  of  the  view  allows  simple  text  entry  in  multiple  lines  of  
information.  Please  note  that  some  software  packages  cannot  accept  more  than  30  characters  
in   the   comment   field,   so   when   submitting   comments   it   may   be   necessary   to   limit   the   size   of   the  
information  sent.    To  the  left  of  this  field  is  a  button  that  allows  entry  of  predefined  comments  
as  contained  in  the  current  FMT  file.  
 

 
 
-­‐  copy  tag  data  from  current  measurement  to  all  other  trials  shown  in  view.  
-­‐  change  status  of  current  measurement  to  Submitted.  
  -­‐  make  a  new  standard  from  this  approved  trial.  
-­‐  change  status  of  current  measurement  to  Not  Done.    
-­‐  change  status  of  current  measurement  to  Approved.  
-­‐  change  status  of  current  measurement  to  Rejected.  
-­‐  change  status  of  current  measurement  to  Commented.  
  -­‐  show  associated  image.  
 
The   dropdown   control   at   the   top   left   of   the   control   panel   is   used   to   select   the   current  
measurement  as  well  as  to  review  the  status  of  all  the  current  items:  
 

 
 
 
Sending  e-­‐Submits:  
 
The  main  toolbar  in  Color  iQC  contains  a  button  for  “e-­‐Submit  Selected  items”.  If  this  button  is  
pressed  while  the  Submit  View  has  focus,  then  it  will  create  a  QTX  file  containing  the  standard  
and  the  shown  in  views  items  that  have  a  status  of  Submitted,  Approved,  or  Rejected,  and  save  
it  to  the  designated  QTX  location.    
 
If  the  user  has  a  MAPI  compliant  email  system  [ex:  Outlook,  Outlook  express,  Lotus  with  MAPI  
option],   and   has   selected   “e-­‐mail   as   an   attachment”   in   their   e-­‐Submit   settings,   the   software   will  

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 Electronic  Submissions

automatically   create   an   email   message,   determine   whether   the   desired   action   is   to   send   to  
customer  or  send  to  supplier,  place  the  appropriate  email  address  in  the  “send-­‐to”  box  of  the  
mail   message,   place   appropriate   information   in   the   subject   line,   include   information   in   the  
message   body   related   to   the   items   being   sent,   and   attach   the   proper   QTX   file   to   the   mail  
message   as   an   attachment.   The   determination   of   the   action   to   be   taken   is   based   on   what   status  
button   was   last   clicked   in   the   Submit   View   -­‐   if   the   user   clicks   on   “Approved”,   “Rejected”,   or  
“Commented”,   the   action   is   to   send   the   response   to   the   Supplier   using   the   email   address   for  
Supplier  in  the  first  Submit.  If  the  user  last  clicked  on  “Submitted”,  then  the  action  is  to  send  the  
Submission  to  the  Customer  using  the  Customer  email  address  specified  in  the  Standard.  
 
 If   MAPI   compliant   software   is   not   being   used,   or   the   user   needs   to   manually   direct   the  
submission  for  other  reasons,  then  the  QTX  file  is  created  and  placed  in  the  outgoing  Mailbox  
folder.  
 
If   the   user   needs   to   specifically   select   items   to   be   submitted   from   the   tree   view,   then   the   QC  
Tree  View  will  have  focus,  and  the  behavior  of  the  “send  e-­‐Submit  button”  in  the  main  toolbar  
will  be  slightly  different,  instead  sending  the  items  selected  in  the  tree  view  regardless  of  their  
submit  status.  
 
Step-­‐by-­‐Step:  Sending  an  e-­‐Submit  file  via  e-­‐mail    

1.    Make  sure  that  the  Submit  View  is  active  and  that  the  Submit  view  fields  for  the  standard  and  
each  target  have  been  properly  filled  out.  
 
2.    Select  each  trial  to  be  submitted  by  changing  its  status  to  “submitted”  from  the  Submit  View.  
You   can   use   the   leftmost   button   to   copy   the   status   to   all   other   measurements   if   you   need   to  
submit  all  items.  
 
3.    Once  the  desired  items  are  selected,  click  on  the  "Send  To"  control  in  the  Submit  View.  You  
may  select  “send  to  customer”,  “send  to  supplier”,  “send  to  mill”  to  automatically  send  to  the  
appropriate   email   address   [as   specified   in   the   current   standard].   You   may   also   select   “Send   To:”  
and  choose  the  recipient  from  your  Outlook  Contacts  later.  
 
4.     A   dialog   box   will   appear   prompting   you   to   name   the   file.   The   default   behavior   is   preset  
depending  on  your  settings  -­‐  However,  you  may  alter  that  to  any  file  name  that  you  wish.  
 
5.    Once  you  have  name  the  file,  the   system  will  automatically  open  your  e-­‐mail  utility,  create  a  
new  e-­‐mail,  and  attach  the  file  you  just  created.    
 
6.    Address  the  e-­‐mail  if  not  already  addressed  and  click  <Send>.  

Receiving  e-­‐Submits:  

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
"Import  e-­‐Submit  file"  button,  or  double  click  directly  on  the  QTX  or  CXF  attachment  in  the  email  
message.   If   prompted   for   an   “Import   Template”,   choose   the   proper   template   (.jt5)   to   use   to  
import   this   type   of   QTX   file.   The   import   templates   must   be   configured   by   you   to   specify   the  
appropriate  views  for  the  new  job  you  are  creating,  and  most  importantly,  which  FORMAT  files  
are  to  be  used  for  mapping  the  TAG  data  from  the  QTX  file  into  your  TAG  fields.  If  importing  a  
QTX  attachment,  the  system  checks  for  a  template  called  qtx.jt5  in  your  shared  system  settings  
folder….  If  not  found  than  the  system  will  prompt  you  for  the  template  to  use.  Similar  behavior  
exists  for  all  import  file  types  (QTX,  CXF,  MIF,  EXP).  
 
 
Organizing  the  Submit  Process:  
 
The   e-­‐Submit   process   can   involve   a   large   amount   of   data   consisting   of   Standards   and   associated  
trials   for   a   variety   of   colors,   products,   seasons,   customers,   and   suppliers.   While   e-­‐Submit   is  
primarily   a   job   based   function,   it   is   obviously   important   to   maintain   this   data   in   a   database  
capable   of   organizing   and   analyzing   the   state   of   the   submit   process.   Color   iQC   contains   two  
features  designed  to  assist  you  with  this  process.  
 
The  function  “Recall  from  Database  by  Tags”  [available  from  the  <Data>  menu]  allows  the  user  
to  recall  trials  and  standards  from  the  database  using  up  to  4  tag  filters,  Date  Range,  and  submit  
status.    The  4  tags  can  be  selected  from  any  of  the  currently  defined  tag  labels,  are  persistent  
from   last   usage,   and   can   be   changed   at   anytime.   The   qualifier   allows   the   user   to   specify   the  
value  as  either  “contains”,  “begins  with”,  “equals”,  or  “not  contains”.  
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
The  date  range  allows  the  user  to  specify  data  added  to  the  database  within  the  last  day,  2  days,  
week,  month,  or  year.  Submit  status  can  filter  submits  that  are  submitted,  accepted,  rejected,  
commented,  or  still  open  [not  done].    
 

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 Electronic  Submissions

 
 
The   potential   matches   are   then   displayed   in   a   tree   view,   organized   by   the   specified   tags.   The  
user   can   then   select   the   specific   data   to   be   retrieved   from   the   database   into   the   job   to   be  
worked   on.   The   user   can   click   on   a   single   item   folder   to   recall   everything   within   that   branch,  
including  trials  and  associated  standards,  into  the  job  to  be  worked  on.    A  print  report  button  
allows  the  tree  view  to  be  printed  on  the  printer,  giving  the  user  a  way  of  creating  a  database  
contents  report  organized  by  any  4  tags  that  they  choose.  
 
The   function   “Store   to   DB   and   Clear   Job”   [available   from   the   <Data>   menu]   will   automatically  
return  all  the  data  from  the  job  into  the  database  [updating  existing  measurements  and  adding  
any   new   measurements],   then   delete   the   standards   and   trials   from   the   job   [any   existing  
substrates,   colorants,   and   Collections   will   remain   in   the   job].   This   allows   the   user   to   quickly  
update   any   changes   back   to   the   database   after   the   submission   process   and   return   the   job   to   an  
empty  status  in  preparation  for  the  next  action.  This  method  of  operation  is  a  more  “database  
oriented”   approach   than   the   “job   based”   operations   normally   used   in   color   iQC.   With   this  
approach,   users   can   have   a   single   job   always   open   that   becomes   a   temporary   workspace  
container  and  use  only  the  database  as  their  primary  storage  media.  
     

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 Color  Calculations  

Color Calculations
Color  Calculations

 
 

 
 
Color  iQC  and  Color  iMatch  
Color  Calculations  Guide  
 

Version  8.0  |  July  2012  

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 Color  Calculations  

Contents  
Attributes  for  Standard/Multi-­‐Trial  View  Display .........................................................................................................4  
General  Attributes ....................................................................................................................................................4  
Pass  Fail  Decisions ....................................................................................................................................................4  
Opacitiy  Indices ........................................................................................................................................................6  
Transmittances  Indices.............................................................................................................................................6  
Gloss  Indices .............................................................................................................................................................7  
Sorting  Codes............................................................................................................................................................7  
Density  Indices..........................................................................................................................................................7  
Yellowness  Index ......................................................................................................................................................8  
ASTM  D  1925  Yellowness  Index  for  Plastics .........................................................................................................8  
ASTM  E  313  Yellowness  index ..............................................................................................................................8  
Whiteness  Indices.....................................................................................................................................................9  
ASTM  E313  Whiteness .........................................................................................................................................9  
CIE  Whiteness.......................................................................................................................................................9  
Berger  (59)  Whiteness....................................................................................................................................... 10  
Stensby  Whiteness ............................................................................................................................................ 10  
Taube  Whiteness............................................................................................................................................... 11  
Hunter  (60)  Whiteness-­‐Index ............................................................................................................................ 11  
Ganz  and  Grieser  Whiteness ............................................................................................................................. 12  
Strength  calculations ............................................................................................................................................. 13  
Color  Value  SWL ................................................................................................................................................ 13  
%  (Color)  Strength  SWL ..................................................................................................................................... 13  
%  (Color)  Strength  SUM  (DIN55986) ................................................................................................................. 13  
%  (color)  Strength  WSUM ................................................................................................................................. 15  
Color  Value........................................................................................................................................................ 15  
Reflectance  Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 15  
Color  Value  SWL ................................................................................................................................................ 15  
Color  Value  SUM ............................................................................................................................................... 16  
Color  Value  WSUM............................................................................................................................................ 16  
Transmission  Method ....................................................................................................................................... 17  
Color  Value  SWL ................................................................................................................................................ 17  
Relative  Strength............................................................................................................................................... 17  
Strength  Adjusted ............................................................................................................................................. 17  
X,  _Y,  _Z  -­‐  Ratio ................................................................................................................................................. 17  
%  Strength  (current  method) ............................................................................................................................ 17  
DIN  53235  Tint  %  Strength ................................................................................................................................ 17  
DIN  53235  Tint  B  Value ..................................................................................................................................... 17  
TAPPI-­‐Indizes ......................................................................................................................................................... 18  
T  452  TAPPI  Brightness  for  Pulp  Paper  and  Paperboard  (1977)........................................................................ 18  
T  452  TAPPI    -­‐  Brightness  for  Pulp  Paper  and  Paperboard  (1987)..................................................................... 18  
T  525  TAPPI    -­‐  Diffuse  brightness  of  paper,  paperboard  and  pulp .................................................................... 18  
TAPPI  T  425  Opacity .......................................................................................................................................... 19  
TAPPI  T  519  -­‐  Diffuse  Opacity  of  paper  (D/0-­‐Backing) ...................................................................................... 19  
AATCC  Gray-­‐Scales ................................................................................................................................................ 20  

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 Color  Calculations  

AATCC  Gray-­‐Scale-­‐Tests  for  assessing  changes  in  color.................................................................................... 20  

AATCC  Gray  Scale  for  assessing  staining ........................................................................................................... 20  
Metamerism-­‐Index ................................................................................................................................................ 21  
Color  Inconsistency ............................................................................................................................................... 21  
CIE  1976  (L*,  a*,  b*)  color  space  (CIELAB)............................................................................................................. 22  
CIE  L*a*b*  (CIELAB) .......................................................................................................................................... 22  
CIE  L*C*H* ........................................................................................................................................................ 22  
CieLab*  Color  Attributes ................................................................................................................................... 24  
CieLab*  Color  Difference  Attributes ................................................................................................................. 24  
CMC  l:c  (1984) ....................................................................................................................................................... 25  
CMC*  Color  Difference  Attributes .................................................................................................................... 25  
CIE94...................................................................................................................................................................... 26  
CIE  DE  2000*  Color  Difference  Attributes ............................................................................................................. 26  
Hunter  Lab ............................................................................................................................................................. 27  
Hunter  Lab  Color  Space  attributes .................................................................................................................... 27  
Hunter  Lab  Color  Difference  attributes............................................................................................................. 27  
CIE  xyY  Color  space................................................................................................................................................ 28  
CIE  XYZ  Color  Coordinates................................................................................................................................. 28  
CIE  XYZ  Differences ........................................................................................................................................... 28  
FMCII  (Friele  -­‐  MacAdam  -­‐  Chickering)  Color  Difference....................................................................................... 29  
FMC-­‐II  Color  Difference  attributes .................................................................................................................... 29  
Color  Notations ..................................................................................................................................................... 30  
Munsell.............................................................................................................................................................. 30  
sRGB  Color  Notation ......................................................................................................................................... 30  
 
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Attributes  for  Standard/Multi-­‐Trial  View  Display    

Color  iControl  has  a  wide  variety  of  possible  attributes  available  for  display  for  either  the  standard  or  any  trial  data  
loaded  into  a  job.  Following  is  a  complete  list,  with  brief  definitions,  of  each  of  those  attributes.  This  list  is  
comprehensive  and  includes  attributes  for  both  Standard  and  Trial  display;  however,  not  all  of  these  attributes  will  
be  applicable  to  the  standard  (delta  values,  for  example).    

General  Attributes  

Date/Time   Displays  the  day  and  time  that  the  measurement  was  taken.    
Comment   This  option  allows  you  to  display  any  comments  entered  into  the  Comment  field  in  the  
measurement's  Name  tab  of  its  Properties...  dialog  box  
Oper  ID   This  attribute  displays  the  operator  ID  for  the  measurement,  ie,  the  person  who  took  the  
reading.    
 
Group/Sequence   This  attribute  will  only  be  available  if  you  have  purchased  the  SLI-­‐Taper/W32  option  with  
your  Color  iControl  system.  It  identifies  each  sample's  place  in  a  set(s)  of  tapered  samples.  
If  more  than  one  group  was  tapered  with  a  data  set,  then  the  groups  will  be  identified  as  
well  as  the  sequence.  
Group_1,  Group_2,   These  attributes  allow  you  to  display  any  User  Groups  that  the  sample  has  been  included  
Group_3   within.  See  User  Groups  for  more  information.  
Visual  Comment   The  comment  entered  for  the  e-­‐Submit  visual  comment  field.  
ILL-­‐Observer   The  name  for  the  current  primary  illuminant  /  observer  combination  used  for  the  
colorimetric  calculations.    
Meas  Conditions   Displays  spectrophotometer  settings  used  for  this  measurement  
Length   This  attribute  displays  the  length  of  the  fabric  in  whatever  units  have  been  selected  by  the  
user.  You  can  set  the  program  to  prompt  for  a  length  value  whenever  you  do  an  
instrument  read  in  the  Options  tab  of  the  Settings  dialog  box.    
 

Pass  Fail  Decisions  

Pass/Fail/Margin   This  item  displays  a  pass,  fail,  or  marginal  indicator  for  samples  measured  against  the  
standard.  It  must  be  selected  in  order  for  the  pass/fail/marginal  icons  (green  ball,  stop  sign,  
yellow  question  mark,  respectively)  to  be  displayed  in  the  Standard/Multi-­‐Trial  view.  Color  
iControl  -­‐  Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  Color  Difference/How  To  ·∙  135  
Roll-­‐Roll  DEcmc   This  item  displays  the  DEcmc  from  roll  to  roll  when  the  SLI-­‐Taper  software  is  used  to  
sequence  a  set  of  measurements  depicting  rolls  of  fabric.    
 
Ext  DE*   DE*  value  using  the  extended  (alternate)  spectral  data.  Typically  used  to  display  the  DE*  
comparison  of  the  transmittance  spectral  data  between  a  standard  and  a  sample  in  an  
extended  R/T  measurement  type.  
 
Summary  Count,   Values  that  are  calculated  and  displayed  by  the  statistics  summary  view.  Count  is  the  
Summary  DE,   number  of  samples,  DE  is  the  average  DEcmc  or  DE*  for  the  selected  samples,  and  Cluster  is  
Summary  Cluster   the  average  DEcmc  for  the  samples  compared  to  the  average  (rather  than  the  standard).  

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 Color  Calculations  

Opacity  Indices  

Opacity_CR   This  value  is  the  opacity  using  the  contrast  ratio  method.  To  use  this  value,  the  calibration  
mode  of  the  spectro  must  include  extended  measurements  for  over  light  and  over  dark.  
Samples  must  then  be  measured  using  both  a  light  backing  and  a  dark  backing.  See  
Extended  Measurements  in  Setting  Up  the  Measurement  Process  and  Additional  Elements  
of  the  Measure  Dialog  for  more  information.  See  also  Calibration  Mode  Properties  Dialog  
in  Select  Mode.    
 
Opacity=100.0  *  (DarkYC2/LightYC2)  
 
 
Tappi_Opacity   This  index  is  a  measure  of  opacity  (sometimes  called  hiding  power  or  contrast  ratio).  It  is  
the  ratio  of  Y  tristimulus  for  the  sample  measured  over  a  black  substrate  divided  by  the  Y  
tristimulus  for  the  sample  measured  over  a  white  substrate,  expressed  as  a  percentage.  
This  calculation  is  based  on  the  1931  standard  observer  (2  degree)  and  Illuminant  A.    
 
DIN  Transparency   Displays  transparency  of  a  semi-­‐transparent  material  using  DIN  D53-­‐147  equation.    
D53-­‐147    
 

Transmittances  Indices  

Haze   Calculation  requiring  extended  measurements  TRA/TRA.  Correlated  Haze  requires  

measurement  of  transmission  using  a  white  then  a  black  trap.  See  Extended  
Measurements  in  Setting  Up  the  Measurement  Process  and  Additional  Elements  of  the  
Measure  Dialog  for  more  information.  See  also  Calibration  Mode  Properties  Dialog  in  
Select  Mode.  Color  iControl  -­‐  Color  iQC  /  Color  iMatch  Color  Difference/How  To  ·∙  133  
APHA   This  attribute  is  defined  by  the  American  Public  Health  Association  for  determining  color  
(clarity)  of  water.    
OJ_Index   This  index  was  developed  by  the  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  for  use  with  the  
GretagMacbeth  Color-­‐Eye  2020+  or  GretagMacbeth  Color-­‐Eye  3000  spectrophotometers  
equipped  with  an  orange  juice  test  tube  holder  accessory.    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Gloss  Indices  

SRR  Gloss   ASTM  method  E429  Specular  Reflectance  Ratio  gloss  calculation  for  sphere  
spectrophotometers  using  Specular  included  versus  Specular  excluded  measurements.  SRR  
Gloss  requires  Extended  Measurements.  
Gloss  60*   This  attribute  displays  a  correlated  60  degree  gloss  method  using  SCI/SCE  measurement  
and  an  equation  that  correlates  the  differences  to  measurements  taken  on  a  true  60  
degree  gloss  meter.  Gloss  60*  requires  Extended  Measurements.  See  Extended  
Measurements  in  Setting  Up  the  Measurement  Process  and  Additional  Elements  of  the  
Measure  Dialog  for  more  information.  See  also  Calibration  Mode  Properties  Dialog  in  
Select  Mode.    
 

Sorting  Codes  

Sort  Codes   This  attribute  displays  the  555  Sort  Codes  for  the  selected  samples  compared  to  the  
(DL*C*H*,  DL*a*b*,   standard.  You  may  select  Sort  Codes  for  DL*C*H*,  DL*a*b*,  or  DLab.  Also  available  in  
DLab)   Strength  Adjusted  form  for  the  DL*C*H*  and  DL*a*b*  sort  codes..    
 

Density  Indices  

%  Density_1,  _2,  _3   %  strength  calculation  between  a  standard  and  a  sample  using  the  density  values  for  each.    
Density_1,_2,_3   –  Provides  density  calculation  using  the  selected  Density  equation  (as  specified  in  the  
general  settings  tab).  Density  values  are  given  for  3  “filters”  (cyan,  magenta,  yellow)  based  
on  weighting  s  provided  for  that  method  in  the  Density.table.  Users  can  add  to  this  table  to  
create  custom  density  functions.  136  ·∙  Color  Difference/How  To  Color  iControl  -­‐  Color  iQC  
/  Color  iMatch    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Yellowness  Index    

Yellowness  is  defined  as  “the  attribute  by  which  an  object  color  is  judged  to  depart  from  a  preferred  white  
towards  yellow’.  

The  Yellowness  Index  is  a  number  calculated  from  spectral  data  that  describes  the  change  in  color  of  a  test  sample  
from  clear  or  white  toward  yellow.  This  test  is  most  commonly  used  to  evaluate  color  changes  in  a  material  caused  
by  real  or  simulated  outdoor  exposure.  

Yellowness   Indices   are   limited   to   specimens   having   dominant   wavelength   in   the   range   570   to   580   nm.   For  
Samples,  which  do  not  fulfill  this  criteria  the  results  have  no  value.    

Typically  the  Yellowness  index  is  measured  for  a  reference,  which  represents  the  ideal  white.  Samples  (or  changes)  
are  compared  to  the  reference  and  differences  are  calculated.  Positive  values  will  indicate,  that  then  sample  will  
be  more  yellow.  Negative  will  indicate  that  the  sample  is  more  blue.  
 

ASTM  D  1925  Yellowness  Index  for  Plastics    

ASTM  D1925  has  been  specifically  developed  for  the  definition  of  the  Yellowness  of  homogeneous,  non-­‐
fluorescent,  almost  neutral-­‐transparent,  white-­‐scattering  or  opaque  plastics  as  they  will  be  reviewed  under  
daylight  condition.  It  can  be  other  materials  as  well,  as  long  as  they  fit  into  this  description.  
 
 
The  calculation  for  ASTM  D1925  is:  
 
X,  Y  and  Z  are  the  tri-­‐stimulus  values  for  the  calculated  for  illuminant  C  
 
 

ASTM  E  313  Yellowness  index  

ASTM  E313  has  successfully  been  used  for  a  variety  of  white  or  near  white  materials.  This  includes  coatings,  
Plastics,  Textiles.    
 
The  calculation  for  ASTM  E313  is:  

 
X,  Y  and  Z  are  the  tri-­‐stimulus  values  for  the  calculated  for  illuminant  C  
 
 
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Whiteness  Indices  
Certain  industries,  such  as  paint,  textiles  and  paper  manufacturing,  evaluate  their  materials  and  products  based  on  
standards  of  whiteness.  Typically,  this  whiteness  index  is  a  preference  rating  for  how  white  a  material  should  
appear,  be  it  photographic  and  printing  paper  or  plastics.  Thus  Whiteness  Index  is  a  measure  which  correlates  the  
visual  ratings  of  whiteness  for  certain  white  and  near-­‐white  surfaces.      
 
According  to  ASTM  (American  Society  for  Testing  and  Materials)  as  “the  attribute,  by  which  an  object  color  is  
judged  to  approach  some  preferred  white”  .  There  is  a  number  of  different  indices  available.  No  matter  which  
index  you  choose  you  have  to  verify  how  this  relates  to  your  visual  observation.  If  you  communicate  any  whiteness  
data  with  some  partners  in  your  supply  chain,  you  will  always  have  to  clearly  identify  which  index  you  selected.    
 

ASTM  E313  Whiteness  

 
The  calculation  for  ASTM  E313  is  
 
• Y  and  Z    are  the  tri-­‐stimulus  values  for  the  sample    

CIE  Whiteness  
The  CIE  Whiteness  index  is  quite  wide  spread  in  the  industry.    
It  will  strictly  be  used  for  D65  for  2  or  10  deg  observer    
 
 
The  calculation  for  CIE  Whiteness  is:  
 
• Y  is  the  tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  sample    
• x  and  y  the  color  coordinates  for  the  sample  as  this  calculated  using  the  illuminant/observer  condition  
• x0  and  y0    are  the  color  coordinates  of  the  achromatic  point    
 
 
Interpretation  of  data  
• Values  bigger  than  100  indicate  a  bluish  white  
• Values  smaller  than  100  indicate  a  yellowish  white  
   

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 Color  Calculations  

Berger  (59)  Whiteness    

This  formula  was  developed  by  A.  Berger  (formerly  employee  of  Bayer  AG,  Germany  and  was  presented  in  1959.  
Whiteness  values  calculated  after  the  formula  of  Berger  was  very  popular  during  the  sixties  until  beginning  of  the  
eighties  mainly  in  the  paper  and  also  in  Textile  areas  
 
Berger  Whiteness  is  defined  for  illuminant  C  and  the  2°  Observer.  However  it  is  used  for  other  illuminant  observer  
condition  as  well.    
 
The  calculation  for  Berger  Whiteness  is:  

 
• X,Y  and  Z  is  the  tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  sample    
• X0  and  Z0  are  the  tri-­‐stimulus  values  of  the  illuminant  Observer    
 
Interpretation:  
·∙    Values  bigger  than  33.33  indicate  a  bluish  white    
·∙    Values  smaller  than  33.33  indicate  a  yellowish  white    

Stensby  Whiteness    
This  formula  was  developed  by  Mr.  P.  Stensby  (formerly  employee  of  J.R.  Geigy  AG  in  US.)  It  was  presented  in  
1968.    
Whiteness  values  calculated  after  the  formula  of  Stensby  found  its  use  in  the  detergent  area,  especially  in  the  USA.  
Today  it  is  rarely  seen.  
 
 
The  calculation  for  Stensby  Whiteness  is:  
 
• L,  a  and  b    are  Hunter  Color  Coordinates    
 
Interpretation:  
·∙    Values  bigger  than  100  indicate  a  bluish  white    
·∙    Values  smaller  than  100  indicate  a  yellowish  white    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Taube  Whiteness  
This  Formula  was  developed  by  Mr.  Taube  (formerly  an  employee  of  BASF  AG,  Germany).  It  was  presented  in  1960  
and  has  found  it‘s  application  mainly  in  the  plastic  sector.    
 
 
The  calculation  for  Taube  Whiteness  is:  

 
• X,Y  and  Z  is  the  Tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  sample    
• Z0  is  the  Tri-­‐stimulus  value  of  the  illuminant  observer    
 
Interpretation:  
·∙    Values  bigger  than  100  indicate  a  bluish  white    
·∙    Values  smaller  than  100  indicate  a  yellowish  white    
 

Hunter  (60)  Whiteness-­‐Index  

This  Formula  was  developed  by  Mr.  Hunter.  It  was  presented  in  1960.    
 
 
The  calculation  for  Hunter  Whiteness  is:  
 
• L,  a  and  b    are  Hunter  Color  Coordinates    
Interpretation:  
·∙    Values  bigger  than  100  indicate  a  bluish  white    
·∙    Values  smaller  than  100  indicate  a  yellowish  white    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Ganz  and  Grieser  Whiteness  

 
Dr.  E.  Ganz  (formerly  employee  of  Ciba  AG,  Switzerland)  and  Mr.R.  Griesser  (formerly  employee  of  J.R.Geigy)  
developed  the  Ganz  Grieser  Whiteness  Method.  It  is  the  first  formula  which  referred  to  a  neutral  white  and  in  
order  to  take  the  difference  to  the  preferred  whites  it  used  a  second  dimension  the  tint  or  shade  deviation.  
 
 
The  calculation  for  Ganz  Whiteness  is:  

 
 
The  calculation  for  Ganz  Grieser  Tint  is  

 
• Where  nominal  coefficients  are  given  for  D65/10  as      
• P=-­‐  1868.322  
• Q=-­‐3695.690  
• C=    1809.441  
• m=  -­‐1001.223  
• n=      748.366  
• k  =    68.261  
 
Interpretation  
• Tint  >0  =  white  has  a  greenish  shade  
• Tint  <0  =  white  has  a  reddish  shade  
• Whiteness  differences  of  less  than  5  Ganz  units  appear  to  be  undistinguishable  to  the  human  eye    
• Tint  differences  of  less  than  05  Ganz-­‐Grieser  units  appear  to  be  undistinguishable  to  the  human  eye    

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 Color  Calculations  

Strength  calculations  
Color  strength  is  defined  as  a  pigments  or  dyes  ability  to  change  the  color  of  a  otherwise  color  less  material.  
Strength  indices  are  used  to  compare  Standard  and  Sample  and  define  the  ratio  of  the  sample  strength  in  relation  
to  the  standard.  Strength  indices  allow  you  to  define  how  strong  or  weak  a  sample  is  in  comparison  to  the  
reference  standard.  Different  lots  of  the  same  colorant  material  are  prepared  in  the  same  way  and  the  difference  
between  the  two  samples  is  measured.  
A  strength  correction  based  on  spectral  data  will  adjust  the  spectral  data  of  the  sample  to  those  of  the  standard.  
The  corrected  data  afterwards  will  be  used  for  color  comparisons.  With  this  method  color  comparison  can  done  on  
the  bases  of  equivalent  color  strength.  
 
Strength  calculations  will  be  done  on  the  base  of  a  color  value.  This  is  a  numerical  value  related  to  the  amount  of  
light-­‐absorbing  material  (colorant)  contained  in  a  sample.  The  calculation  is  done  based  on  spectral  data  by  one  of  
three  acceptable  methods  (SWL,  SUM,  WSUM).  The  results  of  the  different  methods  may  not  agree  with  any  other  
method.  The  choice  of  method  usually  depends  on  the  nature  of  sample  and  the  need  to  obtain  a  color  value.      

Color  Value  SWL  

The  Color  Value  SWL  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  K/S  values  for  the  sample  read  across  the  spectrum  for  reflectance  
measurements  and  from  the  sum  of  absorbance’s  for  the  sample  read  across  the  spectrum  for  transmittance  
measurements.    
 There  are  several  ways  to  define  the  color  strength  indices.    

%  (Color)  Strength  SWL  

This  strength  is  also  known  as  the  chromatic  color  strength.  It  describes  the  ratio  based  on  the  (K/S-­‐value)  of  the  
Sample  in  relation  to  the  (K/S-­‐value)  of  the  Standard  at  a  single  wavelength  and  will  be  expressed  in  percent.  This  
calculation  typically  is  meaningful,  if  it  will  be  made  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  absorption  (lowest  
reflectance).  In  daily  application  often  it  will  be  made  at  other  wavelength,  but  results  have  to  be  evaluated  very  
carefully.  If  standard  and  sample  have  different  wavelengths  of  maximum  of  absorption  this  method  will  not  
deliver  correct  results.  
 
 
The  calculation  for  SWL  color  strength  based  
on  Reflectance  is   using    
• R  is  the  reflectance  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  absorption  in  a  decimal  way  (20%R  =  0.20R)  
 
The  calculation  for  SWL  color  strength  based  
on  Transmission  is    
• T  is  the  Transmission  in  a  decimal  way  (20%T  =  0.20T)  
 
Interpretation  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  more  strong  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  weaker  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  =100  =  sample  and  standard  have  the  same  color  strength  

%  (Color)  Strength  SUM  (DIN55986)  

This  strength  method  is  sometimes  listed  as  apparent  strength  

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 Color  Calculations  

The  %  strength  SUM  represents  the  ratio  of  (K/S)  data  between  sample  and  standard  at  all  visual  wavelength  (400-­‐
700nm)  and  will  be  expressed  in  %  .  The  selection  of  different  illuminant  observer  condition  has  no  influence  on  
the  result.  
 
 
The  calculation  for  SUM  strength  based  on  
reflectance  is  

using    
• R  is  the  reflectance  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  absorption  in  a  decimal  way  (20%R  =  0.20R)  
 
The  calculation  for  SUM  strength  based  on  
Transmission  is    
• T  is  the  Transmission  in  a  decimal  way  (20%T  =  0.20T)  
Interpretation  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  more  strong  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  weaker  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  =100  =  sample  and  standard  have  the  same  color  strength  

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 Color  Calculations  

%  (color)  Strength  WSUM  

This  strength  method  is  sometimes  listed  as  integrated  strength.  
The  strength  WSUM  represents  the  ration  of  sums  of  (K/S)  data  multiplied  by  the  sum  of  weighted  
observer/illumination  at  all  wavelengths  for  the  sample  in  relation  to  the  standard.  It  will  be  expressed  in  percent.      
The  result  is  illuminant/observer  depending.  
F.e.  If  a  red  color  is  evaluated  for  strength  difference  this  method  will  show  for  D65  illumination  a  smaller  color  
strength  difference  than  for  illuminant  A.    
 
 
The  calculation  for  WSUM  
color  strength  based  on  
reflectance  is  
using    
• R  is  the  reflectance  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  absorption  in  a  decimal  way  (20%R  =  0.20R)  
 
The  calculation  for  WSUM  strength  based  
on  Transmission  is    
 
Interpretation  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  more  strong  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  >100  =  sample  is  weaker  in  color  than  the  standard  
• Percent  color  strength  =100  =  sample  and  standard  have  the  same  color  strength  

Color  Value  
The  Color  value  as  used  in  calculating  colorant  strength,  is  a  single  numerical  value  related  to  the  amount  of  light-­‐
absorbing  material  (colorant)  contained  in  the  sample  and  is  usually  based  on  spectral  data.  Color  value  may  be  
calculated  by  any  of  the  three  acceptable  methods  (SWL,  SUM,  WSUM).  The  color  value  which  results  from  the  
one  method  might  not  agree  with  any  other  method.  The  choice  is  usually  dependent  on  the  nature  of  the  sample  
and  the  need  to  obtain  a  color  value.  
 
The  color  value  is  normally  calculated  based  on  the  spectral  data.    

Reflectance  Methods  
The  calculation  of  color  value  of  a  sample  is  based  on  the  reflectance  values  
of  the  sample  and  uses  the  K/S  calculation  either  at  one  (SWL)  or  multiple  
wavelength  (SUM,  WSUM)    
 
• =  percentage  reflectance  at  each  wavelength  

Color  Value  SWL  

The  calculation  of  the  Color  Value  SWL  is  calculated  as  the  K/S  values  for  the  
sample  at  one  wavelength  (typically  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  
absorption)  for  reflectance  measurements.  
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Color  Value  SUM  

The  calculation  of  the  Color  Value  SUM  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  K/S  
values  for  the  sample  read  across  the  spectrum  for  reflectance  
measurements  
 
• =  wavelength  within  across  the  spectrum    

Color  Value  WSUM  

The  calculation  of  the  Color  Value  WSUM  is  calculated  as  the  sum  of  K/S  
values  weighted  by  illuminant  and  observer  for  the  sample  read  across  the  
spectrum  for  reflectance  measurements.  
 
• =  wavelength  within  across  the  spectrum  /  E  =  Energy  distribution  of  the  selected  illuminant  /    S  =  
Observer  function    

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 Color  Calculations  

Transmission  Method  
The  calculation  of  color  value  of  a  sample  is  based  on  the  transmission  
values  of  the  sample  and  uses  the  absorbance  calculation  either  at  one  
(SWL)  or  multiple  wavelength  (SUM,  WSUM)    
 
T8=  internal  Transmittance  –  normally  measured  with  a  spectrophotometer  (100  %  T  =  1.0)  

Color  Value  SWL  

The  calculation  of  the  Color  Value  SWL  is  calculated  as  the  absorbance  value  
for  the  sample  at  one  wavelength  (typically  at  the  wavelength  of  maximum  
absorption  =  minimum  transmittance)    

Relative  Strength  
The  relative  strength  between  a  standard  and  a  sample  can  be  calculated  from  the  color  values.  It  will  be  
expressed  as  a  %  of  the  sample  in  relation  to  100%  of  the  standards  
 
 
The  relative  strength  is  
 
Strength  Adjusted  
This  attribute  appears  before  many  of  the  colorimetric  terms  previously  listed  and  allows  you  to  display  those  
terms  in  their  strength  adjusted  form.  That  is,  Color  iControl  corrects  the  sample(s)  so  that  its  strength  is  equal  to  
the  standard.  Then  color  difference  data  is  calculated  again.  Strength  adjusted  data  is  helpful  in  determining  
whether  or  not  correcting  only  for  strength  differences  will  result  in  a  hue  shift.  Terms  that  are  available  in  
Strength  Adjusted  form  are  so  indicated.    

X,  _Y,  _Z  -­‐  Ratio  

%  Strength  calculation  between  a  standard  and  a  sample  using  the  X,Y,or  Z  values  of  each.  Normally  used  in  Paints  
evaluation  and  in  conjunction  with  Saunderson  Corrections.  

%  Strength  (current  method)  

Used  to  display  the  %strength  value  by  whatever  calculation  method  is  currently  selected  in  the  general  settings  
tab  as  the  current  %strength  method.  

DIN  53235  Tint  %  Strength  

A  percent  strength  value  is  calculated  for  a  sample  relative  to  a  standard  for  different  apparent  strength  levels  and  
used  by  colorant  manufacturers  to  help  determine  and  adjust  for  strength  differences.    

DIN  53235  Tint  B  Value  

The  actual  Tint  B  value  for  the  measurement  and  used  in  the  DIN  Strength  method  for  calculating  the  %strength  of  
a  standard/sample  pair.  
 
http://www.beuth.de/langanzeige/DIN-­‐53235-­‐1/de/80457684.html  
 
http://www.beuth.de/langanzeige/DIN-­‐53235-­‐2/de/80457913.html  
 
 
 

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TAPPI-­‐Indices  
You  will  be  able  to  receive  each  of  the  following  Standards  directly  at  the  TAPPI  (Technical  Association  of  Pulp  and  
Paper  Industries)  in  the  US  :  
Phone  (USA):  +1-­‐800-­‐332-­‐8686  
address:  TAPPI,  Technology  Park/Atlanta,  PO  Box  105113,  Atlanta,  GA  30348-­‐5113  
http://www.tappi.org/    

T  452  TAPPI  Brightness  for  Pulp  Paper  and  Paperboard  (1977)  

This  will  be  used  in  the  paper  industry  to  evaluate  the  quality  of  non-­‐processed  pulp,  paper  and  board.    
This  TAPPI  T  452  (1977)  is  not  recommended  to  be  used  to  evaluate  the  appearance  of  white.  Especially  if  
fluorescent  material  is  used  you  better  should  use  a  whiteness  index.    
Further  information  at:  
http://www.tappi.org/Downloads/unsorted/UNTITLED-­‐-­‐-­‐0104T452pdf.aspx    
 

T  452  TAPPI    -­‐  Brightness  for  Pulp  Paper  and  Paperboard  (1987)  
This  will  deliver  the  same  results  as  described  in  the  official  method  TAPPI  T  452  as  published  in  1977.  
This  will  be  used  in  the  paper  industry  to  evaluate  the  quality  of  non-­‐processed  pulp,  paper  and  board.    
This  TAPPI  T  452  (1977)  is  not  recommended  to  be  used  to  evaluate  the  appearance  of  white.  Especially  if  
fluorescent  material  is  used  you  better  should  use  a  whiteness  index.    
Further  information  at:  
http://www.tappi.org/Downloads/unsorted/UNTITLED-­‐-­‐-­‐0104T452pdf.aspx    
 

T  525  TAPPI    -­‐  Diffuse  brightness  of  paper,  paperboard  and  pulp    
This  method  will  provide  the  diffuse  brightness  of  pulp  based  on  reflectance  (d/0°)  measurement  at  457  nm.  It  is  
used  to  evaluate  the  diffuse  blue  reflectance  factor  (diffuse  brightness)  of  pulp,  in  which  samples  prepared  
according  to  T218  (“Forming  Hand  sheets  for  Reflectance  samples  of  Pulp”  )  
This  TAPPI  T  452  (1977)  is  not  recommended  to  be  used  to  evaluate  the  appearance  of  white.  Especially  if  
fluorescent  material  is  used  you  better  should  use  a  whiteness  index.  
Further  information  at:  
http://www.tappi.org/Downloads/unsorted/UNTITLED-­‐-­‐-­‐0104T525pdf.aspx  
 

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 Color  Calculations  

TAPPI  T  425  Opacity  

Opacity  of  paper  (15°/Diffuse  illuminant  A/2Deg,  89%  Reflectance  Backing  and  Paper  backing    
This  is  an  empiric  measurement  oft  the  optical  properties  of  paper,  the  quantity  and  type  of  filler,  the  degree  of  
bleaching.  This  method  will  measure  paper  over  a  black  and  white  backing.  The  measurement  of  paper  over  black  
will  let  the  light  pass  through  non  opaque  paper.  The  measurement  over  black  backing  will  compared  with  the  
over  white  backing.  .  
Two  alternate  methods  of  opacity  measurements  are  used:    
·∙    Opacity  (89%  Reflectance  backing)  
·∙    Opacity  (Paper  backing)  
 
Further  information  about  Tappi  Methods  at:  
http://engineers.ihs.com/document/abstract/LMXBJBAAAAAAAAAA    
 

TAPPI  T  519  -­‐  Diffuse  Opacity  of  paper  (D/0-­‐Backing)  

This  method  provides  a  measure  of  diffuse  opacity  (paper  backing)  of  white  and  near-­‐white  papers,  previously  
known  as  “printing  opacity.”  
The  method  may  be  employed  for  colored  papers  on  condition  that  their  reflectance  (paper  backing)  is  greater  
than  20%  and  their  diffuse  opacity  (paper  backing)  is  greater  than  45%  (1).  
The  method  is  not  suitable  for  highly  transparent  papers  such  as  glassine.  
This  method  employs  d/0  geometry,  illuminant  C,  and  paper  backing  whereas  TAPPI  T  425  “Opacity  of  Paper”  
employs  15/d  geometry,  illuminant  A,  both  89%  reflectance  backing  and  paper  backing.  
This  method  is  similar  to  ISO  2471.    
 
Further  information  about  Tappi  T519i  Method  at:  
http://engineers.ihs.com/document/abstract/ERNRJBAAAAAAAAAA    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

AATCC  Gray-­‐Scales  

AATCC  Gray-­‐Scale-­‐Tests  for  assessing  changes  in  color  

(equivalent  to  ISO  105-­‐A02-­‐1978  (E)  
Describes  the  gray  scale  for  determining  changes  in  color  of  textiles  in  color  fastness  tests,  and  its  use.  A  precise  
colorimetric  specification  of  the  scale  is  given  as  a  permanent  record  against  which  newly  prepared  working  
standards  and  standards  that  may  have  changed  can  be  compared.  The  essential  scale  (5  steps)  consists  of  pairs  of  
non-­‐glossy  grey  color  chips  (or  swatches  of  grey  cloth).  In  addition,  an  augmented  scale  includes  four  half-­‐steps  
and,  thus,  9  steps.  
Further  information  you  will  find  here:  
http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=3785    
 

AATCC  Gray  Scale  for  assessing  staining  

(equivalent  to  ISO  105-­‐A02-­‐1978  (E)  
 
Describes  the  grey  scale  for  determining  staining  of  adjacent  fabrics  in  color  fastness  tests,  and  its  use.  A  precise  
colorimetric  specification  of  the  scale  is  given  as  a  permanent  record  against  which  newly  prepared  working  
standards  and  standards  that  may  have  changed  can  be  compared.  
 
The  essential,  or  5-­‐step,  scale  consists  of  five  pairs  of  non-­‐glossy  grey  or  white  color  chips  (or  
swatches  of  grey  or  white  cloth),  which  illustrate  the  perceived  color  differences  corresponding  to  
fastness  ratings  5,  4,  3,  2  and  1.  This  essential  scale  may  be  augmented  by  the  provision  of  similar  chips    
or  swatches  illustrating  the  perceived  color  differences  corresponding  to  the  half-­‐step  fastness  
ratings  4–5,  3–4,  2–3  and  1–2,  such  scales  being  termed  9-­‐step  scales.  The  first  member  of  each  pair  
is  white  in  color  and  the  second  member  of  the  pair  illustrating  fastness  rating  5  is  identical  with  the  
first  member.  The  second  members  of  the  remaining  pairs  are  increasingly  darker  in  color  so  that  each  
pair  illustrates  increasing  contrasts  or  perceived  color  differences  which  are  defined  color  metrically.  The  full  
colorimetric  specification  is  given  below.  
Further  information  you  will  find  here:  
http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=3787    
 
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Metamerism-­‐Index  
 
The  Metamerism-­‐Index  (MI)  will  show  the  probability  that  two  samples  will  show  the  same  color  difference  under  
two  different  illuminants  (represented  by  the  first  and  second  illuminant)  
 
MI  =  
 
•DL*1  Da*1  Db*1    are  the  Delta  CIELab*  color  coordinates  between  Standard  and  Sample  for  the  first  
illuminant    
• DL*2  Da*2  Db*2    are  the  Delta  CIELab*  color  coordinates  between  Standard  and  Sample  for  the  second  
illuminant    
Interpretation:  
• If  MI  is  low  the  color  difference  between  the  sample  pair  is  the  same  for  both  illuminants.  This  does  not  
mean  that  the  two  samples  match,  it  means,  that  the  two  samples  show  the  same  difference  for  both  
illuminants    
• If  MI  his  high  there  is  a  different  color  difference  between  the  two  samples  at  two  different  illuminants.  
The  samples  might  match  under  one  illuminant,  but  not  under  the  second.    Or  the  sample  1  might  to  be  
red  under  illuminant  1  and  to  green  under  illuminant  2      
 

Color  Inconsistency  
This  attribute  indicates  a  color  change  in  the  sample  (without  any  reference  to  the  standard)  under  different  
illuminants.  This  property  is  sometimes  known  as  "flare."  You  may  select  to  display  a  Color  Inconstancy  value  for  
samples  for  the  first  and  second  illuminants,  the  second  and  third  illuminants,  and  the  first  and  third  illuminants.  
This  is  a  new  index  for  which  experimental  data  has  not  been  gathered  and  therefore  no  hard  and  fast  rules  on  
acceptable  tolerances  have  been  established.  Higher  values  of  Color  Inconstancy  (over  1.0)  probably  indicate  an  
unacceptable  color  difference;  however,  it  would  be  wise  to  also  examine  the  trial  measurement  in  question  in  the  
Color  Rendering  View  with  the  Multiple  Illuminants  option  turned  on  to  examine  the  color  change  visually  rather  
than  depending  purely  on  the  numeric  value  listed  in  the  Multi-­‐Trial  View.  Color  Inconstancy  is  also  an  attribute  on  
which  you  may  sort  formulas  when  in  Color  iControl's  formulation  mode  and  can  be  selected  from  that  mode’s  
Settings  dialog.  
 

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 Color  Calculations  

CIE  1976  (L*,  a*,  b*)  color  space  (CIELAB)  

CIE  L*a*b*  (CIELAB)  is  color  space  specified  by  the  CIE  International  Commission  on  Illumination  (French  
Commission  internationale  de  l'éclairage).  It  describes  all  the  colors  visible  to  the  human  eye  and  was  created  to  
serve  as  a  device  independent  model  to  be  used  as  a  reference.  

The  three  coordinates  of  CIELAB  represent  the  lightness  

of  the  color  (L*  =  0  yields  black  and  L*  =  100  indicates  
diffuse  white;  specular  white  may  be  higher),  its  position  
between  red/magenta  and  green  (a*,  negative  values  
indicate  green  while  positive  values  indicate  magenta)  
and  its  position  between  yellow  and  blue  (b*,  negative  
values  indicate  blue  and  positive  values  indicate  yellow).  

The  asterisk  (*)  after  L,  a  and  b  are  part  of  the  full  name,  since  they  represent  L*,  a*  and  b*,  to  distinguish  them  
from  Hunter's  L,  a,  and  b,  described  below.  Since  the  L*a*b*  model  is  a  three-­‐dimensional  model,  it  can  only  be  
represented  properly  in  a  three-­‐dimensional  space.  

Because  the  red/green  and  yellow/blue  opponent  channels  are  computed  as  differences  of  lightness  
transformations  of  (putative)  cone  responses,  CIELAB  is  a  chromatic  value  color  space.  

CIE  L*C*H*    
  The  L*  axis  represents  Lightness.  
   It  ranges  from  L*  =  0  yields  black  and  L*  =  100  indicates  
diffuse  white.  The  C*  axis  represents  Chroma  or  
"saturation".  This  ranges  from  0  at  the  centre  of  the  
circle,  which  is  completely  unsaturated  (i.e.  a  neutral  
grey,  black  or  white)  to  100  or  more  at  the  edge  of  the  
circle  for  very  high  Chroma  (saturation)  or  "color  purity".  
h*  describes  the  hue  angle.  It  ranges  from  0  to  360  –  
h=0°  =  red  /  h=90°  =  yellow  /  h=180°=green  /  h=270°  =  
blue    

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 Color  Calculations  

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 Color  Calculations  

CieLab*  Color  Attributes  

L*   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  lightness  axis  in  either  CIELAB  or  CIELCH  color  
space.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.  
a*   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  green/red  axis  in  CIELAB  color  space,  green  being  
in  the  negative  direction  and  red  being  in  the  positive  direction.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  
Strength  Adjusted  form.    
b*   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  blue/yellow  axis  in  CIELAB  color  space,  blue  being  
in  the  negative  direction  and  yellow  being  in  the  positive  direction.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  
Strength  Adjusted  form.  
C*   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  chroma  value  in  CIELCH  color  space.  This  attribute  is  also  available  
in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    
h*   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  hue  value  in  CIELCH  color  space.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  
Strength  Adjusted  form.  
 

CieLab*  Color  Difference  Attributes  

DL*   The  delta  value  for  the  L*  attribute.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.  
Da*   The  delta  value  for  the  a*  attribute.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    
Db*   The  delta  value  for  the  b*  attribute.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.  
DC*   The  delta  value  for  the  C*  attribute.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form  
Dh*   The  delta  value  for  the  h*  attribute.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.  
DE*   The  distance  a  sample  falls  from  the  standard  in  CIE*  color  space  using  a  simple,  straight-­‐line  
calculation.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

CMC  l:c  (1984)

 
  In  1984,  the  Colour  Measurement  Committee  of  the  
Society  of  Dyers  and  Colorists  defined  a  difference  
measure,  also  based  on  the  L*C*h  color  model.  Named  
after  the  developing  committee,  their  metric  is  called  
CMC  l:c.    

The  quasimetric  has  two  parameters:  lightness  (l)  and  

chroma  (c),  allowing  the  users  to  weight  the  difference  
based  on  the  ratio  of  l:c  that  is  deemed  appropriate  for  
the  application.  Commonly-­‐used  values  are  2:1  for  
acceptability  and  1:1  for  the  threshold  of  
imperceptibility.  

 
 

 
SL  =  Funktion  von  L  
• SL  is  a  function  of  L  
• Sc  is  a  function  of  C  
• l:c    is  the  defined  ratio  of  Lightness  and  Chroma  
 

CMC*  Color  Difference  Attributes  

DL*cmc   The  delta  L*  weighted  by  the  CMC  equation.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  
Adjusted  form.  
DC*cmc   The  delta  C*  weighted  by  the  CMC  equation.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  
Adjusted  form.  
Dh*cmc   delta  H*  weighted  by  the  CMC  equation.  This  attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  
Adjusted  form.  
DEcmc  (2.0:1)   This  value  also  represents  the  distance  in  color  space  that  a  sample  falls  from  the  standard  
but  is  calculated  using  the  CIE  DEcmc  equation  which  includes  weighting  functions  that  
predict  visual  acceptability  more  accurately  than  the  simpler  DE*  calculation.  This  
attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    
 

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 Color  Calculations  

CIE94
The  1976  definition  was  extended  to  address  perceptual  non-­‐uniformities,  while  retaining  the  L*a*b*  color  space,  
by  the  introduction  of  application-­‐specific  weights  derived  from  an  automotive  paint  test's  tolerance  data.[7]  

ΔE  (1994)  is  defined  in  the  L*C*h*  color  space  with  differences  in  lightness,  chroma  and  hue  calculated  from  
L*a*b*  coordinates.  Given  a  reference  color[8]   and  another  color   ,  the  difference  
is:[9][10][11]  

 
Where  the  K-­‐values  depend  on  the  application  

 
 

CIE  DE  2000*  Color  Difference  Attributes  

DE2000   DE  value  using  CIE  DE2000  evaluation  equation  (this  equation  was  not  formerly  adopted  and  is  
provided  here  only  for  reference).  
DL*00   The  delta  value  for  the  L*  attribute  from  a  proposed  new  color  space.  This  attribute  is  also  available  
in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    
DC*00   The  delta  value  for  the  C*  attribute  from  a  proposed  new  color  space.  This  attribute  is  also  available  
in  Strength  Adjusted  form  
DH*00   The  delta  value  for  the  H*  attribute  from  a  proposed  new  color  space.  This  attribute  is  also  
available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    

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 Color  Calculations  

Hunter  Lab    
The  Hunter  Lab  color  scale  was  developed  in  the  50´s  and  60’s.  There  were  several  permutations  of  the  Hunter  Lab  
color  scale  until  the  current  formulas  were  released  in  1966.  
 
  The  Hunter  Lab  color  space  is  organized  in  a  cube  form.  
The  L  axis  runs  from  the  top  to  the  bottem.  The  
maximum  for  L  is  100  (for  a  perfect  reflecting  diffuser)  
while  the  minumum  is  0.  The  a  and  b  axes  have  no  
speficic  numeric  limits.  Positive  a  is  red  and  negative  a  is  
green.  Positive  b  is  yellow  and  negative  b  is  blue.  

 
 

Hunter  Lab  Color  Space  attributes  

L   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  lightness  axis  in  Hunter  color  space.  This  attribute  
is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.  
a   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  green/red  axis  in  Hunter  color  space.  This  attribute  
is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form  
b   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  blue/yellow  axis  in  Hunter  color  space.  This  
attribute  is  also  available  in  Strength  Adjusted  form.    

Hunter  Lab  Color  Difference  attributes  

DL   The  delta  value  for  the  L  component  of  Hunter  color  space.  
Da   The  delta  value  for  the  a  component  of  Hunter  color  space.  
Db   The  delta  value  for  the  b  component  of  Hunter  color  space  
DEh   The  distance  a  sample  falls  from  the  standard  in  Hunter  color  space  
 

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 Color  Calculations  

CIE  xyY  Color  space  

 
The  CIE  1931  color  space  chromaticity  diagram.  The  
outer  curved  boundary  is  the  spectral  (or  
monochromatic)  locus,  with  wavelengths  shown  in  
nanometers.    

 
 

CIE  XYZ  Color  Coordinates  

X   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  X  tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  1931  CIE  XYZ  color  space  
Y   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  Y  tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  1931  CIE  XYZ  color  space  
Z   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  Z  tri-­‐stimulus  value  for  the  1931  CIE  XYZ  color  space.  
sx   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  horizontal  axis  in  the  chromaticity  diagram  
sy   Represents  a  standard  or  sample's  position  on  the  vertical  axis  in  the  chromaticity  diagram  

CIE  XYZ  Differences  

DY   The  delta  value  for  the  Y  element  of  the  chromaticity  diagram.  
Dx   The  delta  value  for  the  x  element  of  the  chromaticity  diagram  
Dy   The  delta  value  for  the  y  element  of  the  chromaticity  diagram.  
 
 

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 Color  Calculations  

FMCII  (Friele  -­‐  MacAdam  -­‐  Chickering)  Color  Difference  

The  FMCII  unit  of  color  difference  is  based  on  just  noticeable,  or  threshold,  color  difference  data.    
It  has  been  published  in  1942.  Friele  used  the  data  in  his  suggested  color-­‐difference  formula,  which  was  modified  
later  by  MacAdam,  and  then  by  Chickering.  The  FMC-­‐2  Scale  is  a  color  difference  scale  only  and  was  designed  for  
Illuminant  C  and  2°  standard  observer  conditions  only.  It  has  been  successfully  used  for  non-­‐saturated  colors  
under  illuminants  D65  and  A  as  well  as  10°  standard  observer  conditions.  
 
Red-­‐green  (dRG  FMCII)  differences,  yellow-­‐blue  (dYB  FMCII)  differences,  total  lightness  
differences  (dL),  and  total  color  differences  (dE  FMCII)  between  standard  and  sample  are  
computed  according  to  the  Friele-­‐MacAdam-­‐Chickering  metric  (JOSA,  February  1968,  p.  292  and  
August  1969,  p.  986).  
 

FMC-­‐II  Color  Difference  attributes  

DLf   The  delta  value  for  lightness  in  FMC-­‐II  color  space.  
DRGf   The  delta  value  for  the  red/green  value  in  FMC-­‐II  color  space.  
DYBf   The  delta  value  for  the  yellow/blue  value  in  FMC-­‐II  color  space.    
Def   The  delta  E  value  for  the  FMC-­‐II  color  space.  
 

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 Color  Calculations  

Color  Notations  

Munsell    
 
In  colormetry,  the  Munsell  color  system  is  a  
color  space  that  specifies  colors  based  on  three  
color  dimensions:  hue,  value  (lightness),  and  
chroma.  (color  purity).  It  was  created  by  
Professor  Albert  H.  Munsell  in  the  first  decade  
of  the  20th  century  and  adopted  by  the  USDA  
as  the  official  color  system  for  soil  research  in  
the  1930s.  

 
 
Munsell  HVC  Notation   This  will  display  the  Munsell  Hue  Value  Chroma  notation  for  the  sample.  

sRGB  Color  Notation  

sRGB  is  a  standard  RGB  color  space  created  cooperatively  by  HP  and  Microsoft  in  1996  for  use  on  monitors,  
printers,  and  the  Internet.  
sRGB  uses  the  ITU-­‐R  BT.709  primaries,  the  same  as  are  used  in  studio  monitors  and  HDTV,[1]  and  a  transfer  
function  (gamma  curve)  typical  of  CRTs.  This  specification  allowed  sRGB  to  be  directly  displayed  on  typical  CRT  
monitors  of  the  time,  a  factor  which  greatly  aided  its  acceptance.  
 

sR,  sG,  sB   These  attributes  allow  you  to  display  RGB  values  as  given  in  SRGB  color  space.    
 

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