PROJECT STAGE 1 REPORT

ON
ACCIDENT PREVENTION & REPORTING SYSTEM

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUMITTED BY:

AMRISH GUPTA (21134502010)

MRITUNJOY KUMAR MONDAL (21134502016)
SURYA KANT (21134502024)
ANUSHA SAGAR (21134502002)

2021-2025
DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
HEMVATI NANDAN BAHUGUNA GARHWAL UNIVERSITY
 CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
o 1.1 MOTIVATION
o 1.2 PROBLEMS
o 1.3 OBJECTIVES
o 1.4 SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
 2 PCB Manufacturer
 3 LITERATURE REVIEW
 4 HARDWARE PART
o 4.1 EYE BLINK SENSOR
o 4.2 TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35)
o 4.3 ALCOHOL SENSOR (MQ-3)
o 4.4 ACCELEROMETER (ADXL 335 MEMS)
o 4.5 GPS Module (SIM 28ML)
o 4.6 BUZZER
o 4.7 D.C. MOTOR (CONTROL SWITCH)
o 4.8 MICROCONTROLLER (ARDUINO UNO R3)
5 SOFTWARE PART
5.1 ARDUINO IDE
o 5.2 MESSAGING APP
o 5.3 GOOGLE MAP
 6 BACKGROUND THEORY
o 6.1 OVERVIEW
o 6.2 FEATURES
 7 METHODOLOGY
o 7.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 8 SYSTEM DESIGN
o 8.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
o 8.2 ALGORITHM
o 8.3 FLOWCHART
o 8.4 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
 8.5 PROBLEMS FACED
9 YOUTUBE LINK
 10 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
 11 PROJECT BY
11.0.1 Share this:
11.0.2 Related
INTRODUCTION
In today’s world there is a severe increase in the use of vehicles.
Such heavy automobile usage has increased traffic and thus
resulting in a rise in road accidents. This takes a toll on the
property as well as causes human life loss because of unavailability
of immediate preventive and safety facilities. Complete accident
prevention is unavoidable but at least repercussions can be
reduced. This embedded system can prevent the accident to occur
and proper preventive measures are taken in this system. The
ambulance service and the police station can easily find the
location as the location along with the google map link was sent to
their smart devices with mobile network accessibility.The system
consists of eye blink sensor, temperature sensor, alcohol sensor,
accelerometer, GPS module, GSM module, motor, buzzer, led etc.
and all these devices are interfaced with the central micro
controller unit. We are going to use eye blink sensor for detecting
sleep by setting the certain time limit, if the driver gets sleepy,we
can warn him. Temperature sensor helps us in detecting the heat
of the engine and if the engine is overheated then that of a normal
condition, we can warn the driver. Alcohol sensor helps us in
detecting if the driver is drunk or not. If he/she is over drunk the
vehicle provides warning and the engine stops
functioning.Accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and
sends signal to the micro controller for further functioning. GPS
module provides us the location, speed, time and date of the
certain place where the vehicle is in the real time.If accident
occurs, the location of accident that we get from the GPS is send
to the ambulance service and police by the help of GSM module.
Everything might be all right after a simple accident so the driver
can re-inform the ambulance service and police station in this
case.
MOTIVATION

Currently there is no technology for accident detection. As it is

done manually there is loss of life in golden hours. The accident
victim is dependent on the mercy of others to rush him to
hospital. Many times an accident goes unnoticed for hours before
help comes .Due to all these factors there is a high rate of
mortality of the accident victims. In addition to this there is delay
in the ambulance reaching the hospital to the traffic congestion
between accident location and hospital which increases the
chances of the death of victim
Although automobiles save our lots of travelling time, the risk
increases in travelling because of the accidents. For the prevention
from such accidents, we can use modern additional technologies.
In the context of our project, we have used some sensors,
electronic modules and microcontroller unit which helps us in
providing prevention from accidents, detects the accident if it
occurs even after the preventive measures and reports the
ambulance service.
According to My Republica,18 December 2018; Killer roads claim 864 lives
across Nepal in 4 months

PROBLEMS

The use of vehicles increases in the proportion of the population. Due to the
traffic congestion, the accidents are also increasing day by day. This causes the
loss of life due to the delay in the arrival of ambulance to the accident spot or
from the accident spot to the hospital. So, it is necessary to take the accident
victim to the hospital as soon as possible. Whenever, the accident occurs, it has
to be informed to the investigation unit.
So, it is also beneficial if the intimation is reached to the enquiry section so that
the time for the investigation can be minimized.
OBJECTIVES

The main objective of this project is to prevent the accident which happens due
to alcoholism of driver, sudden asleep and due to the over heating of engine.
Certainly, if the accident happens due to other cases, the used electronic
devices will be able to provide the spontaneous message and exact location to
police and ambulance in order to recover victims.
SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

T project we are discussing has a wide range of practical hescopes:

• The accident preventive measures can be use with all type of engine vehicles.
i.e. diesel/petrol engine.
• The GPS and GSM system can be used to determine over speed in restricted
area and charge penalty automatically decreasing human manpower, saving
time and money.
• Reporting system can be used with Home security, personal security
connecting
with family, vehicle security.
And many more

PCB Manufacturer
If you are looking for a PCB manufacturer, JLCPCB is best option for you. The
reasons to choose JLCPCB for PCB manufacturing are:

 Higher Quality
 Lower Cost
 Faster Delivery
  If you want to order your PCB from JLCPCB just go through the link
below:
https://jlcpcb.com/EWS

LITERATURE REVIEW

The products available in the market are not reliable when it comes to
synchronizing more than one parameter. The literature survey revealed that
systems available in market has a major disadvantage, it is specifically designed
for one sole purpose like Accident detection, Accident prevention or accident
reporting. These systems on their own have many advantages but these
systems, but from cost point we have to reconsider our decision to buy these
products due to their lack of multitasking ability. These systems are useful as it
improves their functionalities by adding a feature to the existing system will
increase the redundancies. To overcome this disadvantage, we are proposing a
system which could increase the functionality and reliability such that it can
prevent the vehicle accident along with accident detection system and accident
reporting to the ambulance service and police station. Thus, our proposed
system is much more advantageous over the existing system.
Sensors are used in everyday objects such as touch-sensitive elevator buttons
(tactile sensor) and lamps which dim or brighten by touching the base, besides
innumerable applications of which most people are never aware. With
advances in micromachinery and easy-to-use microcontroller platforms, the
uses of sensors have expanded beyond the traditional fields of temperature,
pressure or flow measurement,
for example into MARG sensors.
George Atwood invented the very first accelerometer in the 1700s. The Atwood
machine, as it was called, consists of masses on springs where the velocity is
calculated based on displacements experienced.
The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based
radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated
by the United States Space Force. The GPS project was started by the U.S.
Department of Defence in 1973, with the first prototype spacecraft launched in
1978 and the full constellation of 24 satellites operational in 1993.
The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed
by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the
protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile
devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in
December 1991. By the mid-2010s, it became a global standard for mobile
communications achieving over 90% market share, and operating in over 193
countries and territories. 2G networks developed as a replacement for first
generation (1G) analog cellular networks. Subsequently, the 3GPP developed
third-generation (3G) UMTS standards, followed by the fourth-generation (4G)
LTE Advanced and the fifth-generation 5G standards, which do not form part of
the ETSI GSM standard.
HARDWARE PART

The hardware devices to be used for accident prevention, detection and

reporting system are eye blink sensor, temperature sensor, alcohol sensor,
accelerometer, GPS module, GSM module, buzzers, led, microcontroller
(Arduino), power supply, connecting wires etc.

EYE BLINK SENSOR

The eye blink sensor senses the eye blink using infrared signal. The variation
across the eye will vary as per the eye blink. If the eye is closed the output is
high otherwise the output is low.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR (LM35)

LM35 is a precession Integrated circuit Temperature sensor, whose output

voltage varies, based on the temperature around it. It is a small and cheap IC
which can be used to measure temperature anywhere between -55°C to 150°C.
It can easily be interfaced with any Microcontroller that has ADC function or
any development platform like
Arduino.

ALCOHOL SENSOR (MQ-3)

MQ-3 module is suitable for detecting Alcohol, Benzine, CH4, Hexane, LPG, CO.
Sensitive material of MQ-3 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity in
clean air. When the target alcohol gas exists, the sensor’s conductivity is more
higher along with the gas concentration rising. MQ-3 gas sensor has high
sensitivity to Alcohol, and has good resistance to disturb of gasoline, smoke
and vapor. This sensor provides an analog resistive output based on alcohol
concentration. When the alcohol gas exists, the sensor’s conductivity gets
higher along with the gas concentration rising.

ACCELEROMETER (ADXL 335 MEMS)

An accelerometer is a device that measures proper acceleration. Proper
acceleration, being the acceleration (or rate of change of velocity) of a body in
its own instantaneous rest frame, is not the same as coordinate acceleration,
being the acceleration in a fixed coordinate system. For example, an
accelerometer at rest on the surface of the Earth will measure an acceleration
due to Earth’s gravity, straight upwards (by definition) of g ≈ 9.81 m/s2. By
contrast, accelerometers in free fall (falling toward the center of the Earth at a
rate of about 9.81 m/s2) will measure zero.

GPS Module (SIM 28ML)

A GPS navigation device, GPS receiver, or simply GPS is a device that is capable
of receiving information from GPS satellites and then to calculate the device’s
geographical position. Using suitable software, the device may display the
position on a map, and it may offer directions. The Global Positioning System
(GPS) is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) made up of a network of a
minimum of 24, but currently 30, satellites placed into orbit by the U.S.
Department of Defense.

BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or
keystroke.

D.C. MOTOR (CONTROL SWITCH)

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct
current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely
on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have
some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.
MICROCONTROLLER (ARDUINO UNO R3)

The Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board based on a removable, dual-

inline- package. The board is equipped with sets of digital and analog
input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion
boards(shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six capable
of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. it has one 5v
output pin and one 3.3v output pin. it also contains three ground pins.
SOFTWARE PART
The software applications to be used for accident prevention, detection and
reporting
system are Arduino IDE, google map and messaging app.

ARDUINO IDE
The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in functions
from C and C++. It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible
boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other vendor development
boards. A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called “sketch”. Sketches
are saved on the development computer as files with the file extension.io.
Arduino Software (IDE) prior to 1.0 saved sketches with the extension. The
Arduino IDE was created for people with no profound knowledge of
electronics. Arduino IDE also contains a message area, a text console, a toolbar
with buttons for common functions and a series of menus.
MESSAGING APP

Messaging apps are apps and platforms that enable messaging, many of which
started around social networking platforms, but many of which have now
developed into broad platforms enabling status updates, chat bots, payments
and conversational commerce (e-commerce via chat).

v
GOOGLE MAP

Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It offers satellite

imagery, aerial photography, street maps, 360° panoramic views of streets
(Street View), real-time traffic conditions, and route planning for traveling by
foot, car, bicycle and air (in beta), or public transportation.

BACKGROUND THEORY

Arduino is an open source project that created microcontroller based kits for
building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control
physical devices.

OVERVIEW

Arduino is an open source hardware and software project, created with a

simple aims in mind to be as simple as possible. Arduino is widely used by
artists, hackers and professionals to casually design prototype and experiment
with electronics. Can use it as brain for their robot, to build a new digital music
instrument, or to make your house plant tweet you when it’s dry. An Arduino
contains a microchip, which is a very small processor that you can program. You
can attach sensors to it so it can measure conditions like how much light there
is in the room). It can control how other objects react to those conditions
(room gets dark, LED turns on).
The project is based on microcontroller board designs, produced by several
vendors using various microcontrollers. Microcontrollers use inputs and
outputs like a computer. Inputs capture information from the user or the
environment while outputs do something with the information that has been
captured. A switch and a sensor could be a digital and an analog input
respectively into the Arduino and any object we want to turn on and off and
control could be an output. It could be a motor or even a computer.
These systems provide sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that
can interface to various expansion boards (termed shields) and other circuits.
The boards feature serial communication interfaces, including Universal Serial
Bus (USB) on some models for loading programs from personal computers. For
programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an integrated
development environment (IDE) based on a programming language named
processing, which also supports the languages, C and C++. The Arduino
language is very similar to C. It’s almost the same language but Arduino
provides us with several libraries to make things a bit easier.

FEATURES

An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8, 16- or 32-bit AVR microcontroller

(although since 2015 other makers’ microcontrollers have been used) with
complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation
into other circuits. An important aspect of the Arduino is its standard
connectors, which let users connect the 14CPU board to a variety of
interchangeable add-on modules termed shields. Some shields communicate
with the Arduino board directly over various pins, but many shields are
individually addressable via 1°C serial bus-so many shields can be stacked
and used in parallel A handful of other processors have also been used by
Arduino compatible devices.
Most boards include a 5 V linear regulator and a 16 MHz crystal oscillator (or
ceramic resonator in some variants). An Arduino’s microcontroller is also pre-
programmed with a boot loader that simplifies uploading of programs to the
on-chip flash memory, compared with other devices that typically need an
external chip programmer. This makes using an Arduino more straightforward
by allowing the use of an ordinary computer as the programmer. Currently, opt
boot boot loader is the default boot loader installed on Arduino UNO. Some
serial Arduino boards contain a level shifter circuit to convert between RS-232
logic levels and transistor-transistor logic (TTL) level signals. Current Arduino
boards are programmed via Universal Serial Bus (USB), implemented using
USB-to-serial adapter chips such as the FTDI FT232. Some boards, such as later-
model Uno boards, substitute the FTDI chip with a separate AVR chip
containing USB-to-serial firmware, which is reprogrammable via its own ICSP
header. Other variants, such as the Arduino Mini and the unofficial Boarduino,
use a detachable USB-to-serial adapter board or cable, bluetooth or other
methods, when used with traditional microcontroller tools instead of the
Arduino IDE, standard AVR in-system programming (ISP) programming
is used. The Arduino board exposes most of the microcontroller’s I/O pins for
use by other circuits. The Diecimila Duemilanove and current Uno provide 14
digital I/O pins, six of which can produce pulse-width modulated signals, and
six analog inputs, which can also be used as six digital I/O pins. These pins are
on the top of the board, via female 0.1-inch (2.54 mm) headers. Several plug-in
application shields are also commercially available. The Arduino Nano, and
Arduino-compatible Bare Bones Board and Board uno boards may provide male
header pins on the underside of the board that can plug into solder less
breadboard.

METHODOLOGY
WORKING PRINCIPLE

In this system at first, we worked on the prevention of vehicle accident and

even after all the preventive measures applied if the accident occurs the
system detects it. After the detection of vehicle accident, the system
automatically reports to the ambulance service and police station without any
time loss so that the casualty might not loss his/her life due to late in rescue.
The system is installed in the vehicle. As the preventive measures for vehicle
accident the sensors like MQ-3 alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor and LM35
temperature sensor are used. For the detection of vehicle accident
accelerometer is installed and for reporting GPS module and GSM module are
used. Motor (control switch) is used for engine control and buzzer, led lights
etc. are used for warning during prevention. All these devices are interfaced
with the central microcontroller (Arduino Uno) unit. Alcohol sensor helps us in
detecting if the driver is drunk or not. If he/she is over drunk the vehicle
provides warning and the engine stop functioning. Eye blink sensor is used for
detecting the eye blink, if a driver gets sleepy, he gets warned. Temperature
sensor helps us in detecting the temperature of the engine and if the engine is
overheated then that of a normal condition, driver is warned with red colored
LED. Accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and sends signal to the
microcontroller for further functioning. GPS module provides the location,
speed, time and date of the certain place where the vehicle is in the real time.
If accident occurs, the accelerometer detects it and location of accident is
obtained using GPS, and finally sends the information to the ambulance service
and police by the help of GSM module.
The message obtained in mobile phone consists of the location of the
accidental place in the form of google map link which will help to the
emergency units like ambulance service and police station to reach the casualty
in time and rescue the lives.

SYSTEM DESIGN
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The vehicle unit consist of alcohol sensor, eye blink sensor and temperature
sensor as preventive measures of an accident, buzzer and red light LEDs for
alert. First alcohol sensor detects the concentration of alcohol in driver, if it is
found below the threshold the motor rotates and vehicle is ready to be drive.
Whenever alcohol is detected the motor stops. Similarly, when the driver feels
sleepy, the eye blink sensor detects and alert the driver with buzzer and red
colored led lights.
The system will also check temperature of engine continuously and keeps
alerting if found above threshold value of engine temperature. Vehicle unit also
consists of accelerometer which keeps on informing the coordinate of vehicle
position to the microcontroller. If it is found random, the GPS location tracker
tracks and informs the emergency number with values of latitude, longitude
and google map position using GSM SIM module.
Vehicle unit sends the information to the emergency contacts like police
control room and ambulance unit.

ALGORITHM

Algorithm for the working of the system:

1. Start
2. First of all, the system is powered with the proper amount of power
supply.
3. After the system is on, alcohol sensor detects if the driver is drunk or
not. If
he/she is over drunk the system provides warning and the engine of the
vehicle
stop functioning.
4. If no alcohol is detected then the vehicle starts properly or does not stop
running.
5. Eye blink sensors detects whether the driver is drowsy or not. If the
driver is
asleep the system warns him with alarm and red light alert.
6. Continuously Temperature sensor helps us in detecting the heat of the
engine
and if the engine is overheated then that of a normal condition, driver
gets red
light alert else keeps moving.
7. If accident occurs, accelerometer detects the occurrence of accident and
sends
signal to the microcontroller for further functioning.
8. GPS module finds the location and GSM module sends message with
latitude,
 longitude and link of google map to emergency numbers of ambulance
and
police.
9. Once the system is on, it continuously checks all the sensors by the help
of
microcontroller (Arduino Uno) in order to perform all the prevention,
detection
and reporting works.

FLOWCHART
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

PROBLEMS FACED
During the progress of our project, we came to encounter numerous problems
that slowed our progress. some of the major problems are mentioned below:

Due to the lack of electronics stores we could not get our hands on
the equipment in time, which was required in our project.

As electronics devices are very sensitive to voltage and temperature and

could be damaged easily, few sensor and devices were damaged which
resulted in delay in time and increase in cost of project.

Arduino IDE was corrupted, it took time to delete and install it again
in computer. This caused irregular output in serial monitor.
Initially, GSM SIM card was not getting signal, later on changing the SIM
card fixed that problem.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
With the completion of this project there are certain enhancement that can be
done.
They are as follows:
• Along with the stopping of vehicle after a driver is found drunk, he can be
fined
automatically by connecting central system with traffic control room.
• Scientifically proved music which keeps people awake, can be played time to
time in driver’s cabin.
• CCTV camera can be installed in the driver’s cabin and can be controlled from
central room of travel agencies, this can prevent accident considerably.
• Vehicle unit can be connected with central server to find contact no. of
ambulance and police control room.
• Vehicle if obtains over speed, the accelerometer can determine it and
automatically complain to traffic by which driver can be fined. This will limit
the speed of vehicle and can prevent from accident too.
• Surveillance using A.I. cameras and solving hit and run cases.

Project by -:
1. SURYA KANT
2. ANUSHA SAGAR
3. MRITUNJOY KUMAR MONDAL
4. AMRISH GUPTA

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