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Implementation of a Singly Linked

List in C

Introduction
This document provides a comprehensive explanation of a C
program that implements a singly linked list. A singly linked
list is a data structure that consists of nodes, where each node
contains data and a pointer to the next node in the sequence.
This program allows users to perform various operations such as
insertion and deletion of nodes at different positions within
the list.
Key Concepts
1. Singly Linked List: A linear data structure where each
element (node) points to the next, allowing for efficient
insertion and deletion.
2. Node Structure: Each node contains an integer data field and
a pointer to the next node.
3. Dynamic Memory Allocation: The program utilizes malloc to
allocate memory for new nodes, ensuring that the list can
grow as needed.
4. User Interaction: The program prompts the user to perform
various operations on the linked list, enhancing
interactivity.

Code Structure
The code is structured into several functions, each responsible
for a specific operation on the linked list. The main components
include:

Node Definition: A structure defining the node.

Function Declarations: Prototypes for functions that manage
the linked list.
Main Function: The entry point of the program, which handles
user input and calls the appropriate functions.
Linked List Operations: Functions for displaying the list,
inserting nodes, and deleting nodes.

Code Examples
Below is a detailed line-by-line explanation of the provided
code:

language-c Copy code

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>

These lines include the standard input-output and standard

library headers, which are necessary for using functions like
printf, scanf, and malloc.

language-c Copy code

struct node{
int data;
struct node *next;
} *head, *tail, *newnode, *temp;

This defines a structure named node, which contains an integer

data and a pointer next to the next node. The pointers head, tail,
newnode, and temp are declared globally to manage the linked
list.

language-c Copy code

void display();
void singlyLL();
void newval();
void insertbegin();
void insertend();
void insertpos();
void deletebegin();
void deleteend();
void deletepos();

These are function prototypes for the various operations that

can be performed on the linked list.

language-c Copy code

int i,pos,newvalue;

These variables are declared to be used for iteration, position

tracking, and storing new values.

language-c Copy code

int main(){
int option;
 singlyLL();

The main function begins execution, declaring an integer option

to store the user's choice and calling the singlyLL function to
initialize the linked list.

language-c Copy code

printf(" \nWhat operation do u want to perform? \n");

printf("1-Insert at the beginning \n");
printf("2-Insert at the end \n");
printf("3-insert at a specific point \n");
printf("4-Delete at the beginning \n");
printf("5-Delete at the end \n");
printf("6-Delete at a specific point \n");
scanf("%d",&option);

This block prompts the user to select an operation and reads the
input.

language-c Copy code

switch (option)
{
case 1:
insertbegin();
break;
case 2:
insertend();
break;
case 3:
insertpos();
break;
case 4:
deletebegin();
break;
case 5:
deleteend();
break;
case 6:
 deletepos();
break;
default:
printf("Option not valid");
break;
}

A switch statement is used to call the appropriate function

based on the user's choice. If the option is invalid, an error
message is displayed.

language-c Copy code

return 0;
}

The main function returns 0, indicating successful execution.

language-c Copy code

void singlyLL(){
char ch;
do{
int value;
newnode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("Enter a value: ");
scanf("%d",&value);
newnode->data = value;
newnode->next = NULL;

The singlyLL function initializes the linked list. It allocates

memory for a new node and prompts the user to enter a value.

language-c Copy code

if(head == NULL){
head = newnode;
tail = newnode;
}else{
tail->next = newnode;
 tail = newnode;
}

This conditional block checks if the list is empty. If it is,

both head and tail point to the new node. Otherwise, the new node
is added to the end of the list.

language-c Copy code

printf("Do you want to continue? (Y/N): ");

scanf(" %c",&ch);
}while (ch == 'Y'||ch == 'y');

The user is asked if they want to continue adding nodes. The

loop continues until the user inputs 'N' or 'n'.

language-c Copy code

display();
}

After the loop, the display function is called to show the

current state of the linked list.

language-c Copy code

void display(){
struct node *temp;
temp = head;
printf("The digits in linked list are ");
while(temp!=NULL){
printf(" %d -> ",temp->data);
temp = temp->next;
}
printf("NULL\n");
}

The display function iterates through the linked list, printing

each node's data until it reaches the end, indicated by NULL.
 language-c Copy code

void newval(){
newnode = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("Enter a value \n");
scanf("%d",&newvalue);
}

The newval function allocates memory for a new node and prompts
the user to enter a value.

language-c Copy code

void insertbegin(){
newval();
newnode->data = newvalue;
newnode->next = head;
head = newnode;
display();
}

The insertbegin function inserts a new node at the beginning of

the list. It updates the head pointer to point to the new node.

language-c Copy code

void insertend(){
newval();
newnode->data = newvalue;
newnode->next=NULL;
tail->next= newnode;
tail=newnode;
display();
}

The insertend function adds a new node at the end of the list,
updating the tail pointer accordingly.

language-c Copy code

void insertpos(){
 printf("Enter position: ");
scanf("%d",&pos);
newval();
newnode->data = newvalue;
newnode->next = NULL;
temp = head;

for(i = 0 ; i < (pos - 1) ; i++){

temp = temp->next;
}
newnode->next = temp->next;
temp->next = newnode;
display();
}

The insertpos function allows the user to insert a node at a

specific position. It traverses the list to the desired position
and adjusts the pointers accordingly.

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void deletebegin(){
temp = head;
head=head->next;
temp->next = NULL;
display();
}

The deletebegin function removes the first node from the list and
updates the head pointer.

language-c Copy code

void deleteend(){
temp = head;
while(temp->next!=tail){
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = NULL;
tail = temp;
 display();
}

The deleteend function traverses the list to find the second-to-

last node, removes the last node, and updates the tail pointer.

language-c Copy code

void deletepos(){
printf("Enter position: ");
scanf("%d",&pos);
temp = head;
for(i = 0;i<(pos-1);i++){
temp = temp->next;
}
temp->next = temp->next->next;
display();
}

The deletepos function deletes a node at a specified position by

adjusting the pointers accordingly.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the provided C program effectively demonstrates
the implementation of a singly linked list, allowing users to
perform various operations such as insertion and deletion. The
use of dynamic memory allocation and user interaction enhances
the program's functionality and usability. This foundational
understanding of linked lists is crucial for further exploration
of more complex data structures and algorithms in computer
science.

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