12

34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2 ia:dkSh w.h
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h oek .ekSug"
² mQ¾K ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h oek
.ekSug iy
² ì,shk l,dmh f;la ixLHd lshùug yd wl=ßka ,sùug
yelshdj ,efí'

2'1 ia:dkSh w.h

ixLHd ,sùfï §" wm nyq, j Ndú; lrkafka yskaÿ wrdì ixLHd
l%uh hs' tu l%uh wkqj ixLHd ,sùfï § 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 yd 9 hk
b,lalï oyh Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
ìkaÿfõ isg kjh f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,sùfï §" wm tla b,lalula tla
ia:dkhl ,shhs' WodyrKhla f,i" ;=k hk ixLHdj b,lalï Ndú;
lr ,shkq ,nkafka 3 f,i h' tkï" 3 ,sùug tla ia:dkhla Ndú;
lrkq ,efí' tla ia:dkhla muKla fhdod f.k ,súh yels úYd,;u
ixLHdj 9 fõ'
kjhg jvd tllska úYd, ixLHdj oyh fõ' oyfha isg wkQ kjh
f;la we;s ixLHdjla ,shkafka" b,lalï folla fyda tl u b,lalu
foj;djla fyda ia:dk folla fhdod f.k ,sùfuks'
WodyrKhla f,i" oyh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 10 f,i h' wkQ kjh hk ixLHdj" b,lalï Ndú; lr ,shkq
,nkafka 99 f,i h' tkï" 10 iy 99 ,sùug ia:dk fol ne.ska Ndú;
lrkq ,efí'
oeka wms 3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol" ia:dk foll fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd
lsysmhla úuid n,uq'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 35 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —;sia my˜ fõ'
3 yd 5 hk b,lalï fol 53 f,i ,shQ úg ixLHdj —mkia ;=k˜ fõ'

8
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tkï 3 yd 5 hk tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj ,efnk ixLHd
tlsfklg fjkia fõ'

oeka wms ixLHdjl" tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh
w.h;a" tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h;a meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'

² mn¿ ;sia myla f.k oyh ne.ska je,aj,g weuqKQ úg oyfha mn¿
je,a 3la ,efnk w;r" mn¿ 5la b;sß fõ'

oyfha tajd 3 hs' tfla tajd 5 hs'

mn¿ ;sia my" oyfha tAjd ;=klg;a" tfla tAjd mylg;a fjka l< yels h'
tkï"
;sia my = oyfha tAjd 3 + tfla tAjd 5 = 35

by; meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj" ;siamfyys tfla tajd 5 ksrEmKh lsÍug" 5

b,lalu ,shk ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 1 f,i f.k we;' tu ia:dkh
tlia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'

;sia mfyys" oyfha tajd 3 ksrEmKh lsÍug tlia:dkhg jï miska jQ

ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 10 f,i f.k" 3 b,lalu tu ia:dkfhys
,shd we;' tu ia:dkh oiia:dkh f,i kï lrkq ,efí'

tla tla ia:dkh y;/ia fldgqjlska i,l=Kq fldg" 35ys tla tla
b,lalfï ia:dkh my; rEmfha olajd we;'
oiia:dkh tlia:dkh

3 5
oiia:dkfha b,lalu tlia:dkfha b,lalu

9
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
35" .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10 tAjd 1 tAjd

35 = 10 tAjd 3 + 1 tAjd 5 nj wms bf.k .;af;uq'

tf,i u"
53 = 10 tAjd 5 + 1 tAjd 3 = 50 + 3 o
65 = 10 tAjd 6 + 1 tAjd 5 = 60 + 5 o
99 = 10 tAjd 9 + 1 tAjd 9 = 90 + 9 o fõ'

tkï" ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysgk ia:dkh wkqj tu b,lalfuka

ksrEmKh jk w.hla o we;s nj Tng meyeÈ,s fõ'

oeka wms 35ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h fidhuq'

35ys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 3 = 30
35ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5

tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 9 fõ'

oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh l< yels jeä u w.h 90 fõ'

.Kl rduqjl tla l+rla i|yd fhÈh yels jeä u .Kl ixLHdj
9ls'

10
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
45 4 oiia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 40
''''''''''''
45 5 tlia:dkh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5
''''''''''''
30 0 tlia:dkh 0
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''

2'1 wNHdih

(1) my; olajd we;s j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha tlia:dkfha oiia:dkfha

ixLHdj b,lalu b,lalu b,lalfuka b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk ksrEmKh jk
w.h w.h
63
76
40
88

2'2 ia:dkSh w.h ;jÿrg;a

ia:dk folla fhdodf.k ,súh yels úYd,;u

ixLHdj 99 fõ' tys oyfha tAjd 9la o tfla tAjd 9la
o we;' 99g jvd 1la úYd, ixLHdj ishh fõ'
10 tAjd 1 tAjd

ishh b,lalfuka ,sùu i|yd tlia:dkh iy oiia:dkh m%udKj;a

fkdfõ' tneúka oiia:dkhg jïmi ia:dkfhys ia:dkSh w.h 100la
f,i f.k tu ia:dkh ishia:dkh f,i i,lkq ,efí'

11
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
túg" —ishh˜ b,lalï Ndú; lrñka ia:dk ;=kla
fhdodf.k 100 f,i ,shkq ,efí'
100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

ixLHdj 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

100 1 0 0

ia:dk ;=kl" b,lalï fhdoñka ,shk ixLHd ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a úuid

n,uq'

2" 4 iy 5 hk b,lalï ;=k f.k ;eksh yels ixLHd lsysmhla my;

oelafõ' tAjdfha 5 fh§ we;s wdldrh úuis,su;a j n,kak'
245 foish y;,sia my
254 foish mkia y;r
524 mkaish úis y;r

245ys 5 msygs kafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 245ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 1 tAjd 5 = 5
254ys 5 msygs kafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 254ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 10 tAjd 5 = 50
s kafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 524ys 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h = 100 tAjd 5 = 500
524ys 5 msyg

fï wkqj" by; ixLHdj, 5 msysá ia:dkh wkqj" 5ka ksrEms; w.h

fjkia jk nj meyeÈ,s h'

ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h

ms<sfj<ska ol=fKa isg jug 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10000 wdÈ jYfhka fõ'

fï wkqj ixLHdjl tl <Õ we;s b,lalï foll jïmi we;s b,lalu

msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h" ol=Kqmi we;s b,lalu msysá
ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h fuka oi .=Khls'

12
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oeka wms 2" 4" 5" 6 iy 7 hk b,lalï" ia:dk myl fhdoñka ,shk ,o
67524 ixLHdfõ tla tla b,lalu msysá ia:dkh kï lruq'
h
d k h h
y ia: dk dkh dkh a:dk
o ia: ia: ia: i
oi oy ish oi tl

6 7 5 2 4

tlia:dkfha b,lalu
oi oyia:dkfha b,lalu oiia:dkfha b,lalu
oyia:dkfha b,lalu ishia:dkfha b,lalu

67524 .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh lruq'

10000 tAjd 1000 tAjd 100 tAjd 10 tAjd 1 tAjd

67524 = 10000 tAjd 6 + 1000 tAjd 7 + 100 tAjd 5 + 10 tAjd 2 + 1 tAjd 4

oeka wms 67524 ixLHdfjys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEms; w.h fidhuq'
67524ys 4 msysgkafka tlia:dkfha fõ' 4ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 4 fõ'
67524ys 2 msysgkafka oiia:dkfha fõ' 2ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 20 fõ'
67524ys 5 msysgkafka ishia:dkfha fõ' 5ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 500 fõ'
67524ys 7 msysgkafka oyia:dkfha fõ' 7ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 7000 fõ'
67524ys 6 msysgkafka oi oyia:dkfha fõ' 6ka ksrEmKh jk w.h 60000 fõ'

ksoiqk 1
5968ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
8ka ksrEms; w.h = 1 tajd 8 = 8
6ka ksrEms; w.h = 10 tajd 6 = 60
9ka ksrEms; w.h = 100 tajd 9 = 900
5ka ksrEms; w.h = 1000 tajd 5 = 5000

13
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'2 wNHdih
(1) 99601 hk ixLHdfõ"
(i) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g y;rfjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(ii) 0 msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h lSh o@
(iii) 0ka ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(iv) ol=K; fl<jr isg jï w;g miafjkshg fh§ we;s 9ka
ksrEmKh jk w.h lSh o@
(2) my; oelafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ixLHdj b,lalu tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
7940 9
8095 9
4568 5
1273 7
34856 5
94512 4
94512 5
19085 1
19085 0
5436 5

(3) 4" 5 iy 8 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka ,súh
yels ia:dk ;=fka ixLHd ish,a, ,shkak' tu tla tla ixLHdfõ" 8
msysá ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h iy 8ka ksrEms; w.h ,shkak'
(4) 2" 4" 5 iy 9 hk tla tla b,lalu tlajrla muKla fhdod .ksñka
,súh yels"
(i) ia:dk y;f¾ úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) ia:dk y;f¾ l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys tla tla b,lalfuka
ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'

14
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
2'3 ixLHd l,dm

mdi,a lsysmhl 6 isg 11 fY%a‚h olajd bf.kqu ,nk uq¿

isiqka ixLHdj 2836696ls'

by; olajd we;s m%ldYfha isiqka ixLHdj" Tng lshúh yels oe hs

n,kak' fujeks ixLHd lshjk wdldrh;a" wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh;a
my; úia;r lr we;'
2836696 ixLHdj i,luq'
fuu ixLHdj" tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g ms<sfj<ska ia:dk ;=k ne.ska
b,lalï" ldKavj,g fjka lr" my; wdldrhg ,shuq'
2 836 696
by; oelafjk wdldrhg fjka lrk ,o ldKavhla" ixLHd l,dmhla
hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí'
fuu fjka lsÍfï §" wjidkhg fjka flfrk tkï" jï w; fl<jfrys
jQ l,dmfha we;s" b,lalï fhfok ia:dk .Kk ;=kg jvd wvq úh
yels h' by; ixLHdfjys tu jï w; fl<jr l,dmfha ;sfnkafka tla
b,lalula mu‚' tkï 2 mu‚'
fuu ixLHdfõ l,dm my; oelafjk wdldrhg kï lruq'

2 836 696 fuu ixLHdj lshjkafka foñ,shk wgish

;sia yh oyia yhish wkQ yh f,i hs'
ñ,shk oyia tall
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

oeka wms 967476568 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh úuid n,uq'

m%:ufhka fuu ixLHdj my; wdldrhg ol=K; isg jï w;g l,dmj,g
fjka lruq'

967 476 568 fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka kjish

yeg y;a ñ,shk ydrish ye;a;E yh
ñ,shk oyia tAll oyia mkaish yeg wg f,i hs'
l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

15
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
7686975623 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh o úuid n,uq'
m%:ufhka th l,dmj,g fjka lruq'

7 686 975 623

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

ñ,shk l,dmhg miqj tk l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh f,i kï lrkq

,efí'
by; ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka y;a ì,shk yhish wiQ yh ñ,shk
kjish ye;a;E mkaoyia yhish úis ;=k f,i hs'

675278285676 hk ixLHdj lshjk wdldrh ,nd .ekSug o my; whqßka

l,dmj,g fjka l< yels h'
675 278 285 676

ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll

l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh l,dmh

fuu ixLHdj lshjkq ,nkafka yhish ye;a;E mka ì,shk foish ye;a;E
wg ñ,shk foish wiQ mka oyia yhish ye;a;E yh hkqfjks'
ixLHdjla tlia:dkfha isg jï w;g fufia ia:dk ;=k ne.ska ldKav
lr ,sùu" tu ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,sùu f,i ye¢kafõ'
iïu; wdldrhg ixLHdjla ,sùfï § tla tla l,dmh fjka lr y÷kd
.ekSug l,dm folla w;r l=vd bvla ;nkq ,efí'
ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .ekSfuka tu ixLHdj myiqfjka
lshjd .; yels jk w;r" tys úYd,;ajh .ek jegySula o ,nd .;
yels h'
igyk # ixLHd ,sùfï § iïu; wdldrh by; oelajQ wdldrhu fõ'
ixLHd ,sùfï § l,dm fjka lsÍug l,dm w;r we;s l=vd bv fjkqjg
fldudjla o fhdod .kakd iuyr wjia:d we;' kuq;a th ixLHd ,shk
iïu; wdldrh fkdfõ'
16
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
idudkH wdldrh iïu; wdldrh
2,854,375 2 854 375
43,529,644 43 529 644
204,007,800 204 007 800
8,430,000,000 8 430 000 000

ixLHd lsysmhla lshjk wdldrh my; j.=fõ oelafõ' tAjd wl=ßka ,shk
wdldrh o thu fõ'

l,dmh ixLHdj lshjk $ wl=ßka ,shk

ixLHdj
ñ,shk oyia tAll wdldrh
yeg ;=ka oyia foish ye;a;E
63 276 63 276
yh
yhish mkia y;r oyia ;=kaish
654 378 654 378
ye;a;E wg

2 000 375 2 000 375 foñ,shk ;=kaish ye;a;E my

43 001 000 43 001 000 y;,sia ;=ka ñ,shk tla oyi

foish y;r ñ,shk y;a oyia

204 007 800 204 007 800
wgishh

ixLHdjla wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh fyda lshjk wdldrh fyda tys ixLHd
kduh f,i ye¢kafõ'
uqo,a .kqfokq iïnkaO ,smsf,aLkj, § fuf,i uqo, wl=ßka ,shd
oelaùu nyq, j isÿ fõ'

wu;r oekqug
ixLHdj ixLHd kduh jHjydrfha mj;sk fjk;a kdu
100 000 ishla oyi ,laIh
1 000 000 ñ,shkh oi ,laIh
10 000 000 oi ñ,shkh fldaáh
100 000 000 ishla ñ,shkh oi fldaáh

17
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 1
(1) my; j.=fõ ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

ixLHdj ixLHd kduh

63 465 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
71 005 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
125 368 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
300 300 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2 178 525 348 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=ka ñ,shk wg ish oyia foiSh'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' y;a ì,shk foish mkia ñ,shk úiai'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wg ì,shk wg'

2'3 wNHdih
(1) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka ,shkak'

(i) 72350 (ii) 55000 (iii) 27201125

(iv) 300001279 (v) 299000001 (vi) 21345699

(2) l,dmj,g fjka lr olajd we;s" my; oelafjk ixLHd wl=ßka ,shd
olajkak'

l,dmh ixLHdj
ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka
(i) 10 040 500 000
(ii) 4 750 050 000
(iii) 1 010 100 500
(iv) 75 004 350 050
(3) my; olajd we;s ixLHd fhdod f.k j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 76735 (ii) 864657 (iii) 2769812 (iv) 47867619
(v) 763156561 (vi) 6746971256 (vii) 276523164515

18
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
l,dmh ixLHdj
ixLHdj ì,shk ñ,shk oyia tAll wl=ßka

(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" ixLHd
kduh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 50800435000 (ii) 43050800500 (iii) 585000430
(iv) 300001283 (v) 299000003 (vi) 272000023
(vii) 100200030000 (viii) 553000000 (ix) 47000005

(5) my; wl=ßka olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
(i) ydrish mka oyi (ii) ;=kaish úismka oyia mkaishh
(iii) y;r ñ,shk wgish oyi (iv) yh ì,shk yeg ñ,shkh
(v) oywg ñ,shk úis y;r oyia mky

(6) mDÓúh yd iQ¾hhd w;r ÿr

149597870 lsf,daógr 149597870ls' fuu
ixLHdj iïu; wdldrfhka
,shd wl=ßka ,shk wdldrh o
iQ¾hhd
mDÓúh ,shd olajkak'

(7) jHdmdßlhl= remsh,a 15006500 l uqo,la nexl=jl ;ekam;a lsÍug

hhs' Tyq nexl= fmdaruhl tu uqo, wl=ßka ,shd oelaúh hq;af;a
flfia o@
ñY% wNHdih

(1) fuys olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj" ksoiqfka oelafjk wdldrhg
ia:dkSh w.h weiqfrka úysÿjd ,shkak'

19
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk
6745 = 1000 tAjd 6 + 100 tAjd 7 + 10 tAjd 4 + 1 tAjd 5
(i) 24 (ii) 40 (iii) 546 (iv) 7163 (v) 92651
(2) my; j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
tu b,lalu msysgk tu b,lalfuka
ixLHdj b,lalu
ia:dkfha ku ksrEmKh jk w.h
(i) 80 341 3
(ii) 64 592 9
(iii) 200 450 2
(iv) 185 340 8
(v) 4 500 000 4
(3) 8" 6" 5" 3 iy 1 hk b,lalïj,ska" tla b,lalula tla jrla muKla
fhdod.ksñka ,súh yels ia:dk y;f¾"
(i) úYd,;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(ii) l=vd;u ixLHdj ,shkak' tys 3ka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,shkak'
(4) my; olajd we;s tla tla ixLHdj iïu; wdldrhg ,shd" tAjd lshjk
wdldrh o ,shd olajkak'
(i) 450050 (ii) 37504537 (iii) 212345699
(iv) 8432109640 (v) 2003040050 (vi) 143021000
(5) tlsfklg fjkia jQ b,lalï ;=kla Ndú;fhka ,súh yels" wjika
l,dmh ñ,shk l,dmh jk l=vd;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu ixLHdj
wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'
(6) wjika l,dmh ì,shk l,dmh jk úYd,;u ixLHdj l=ula o@ tu
ixLHdj wl=ßka o ,shd olajkak'

idrdxYh
² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalu msyá s ia:dkhg wod< ia:dkSh w.h
ms<f
s j<ska ol=Kq w; isg jï w;g 1" 10" 100" 1000" 10 000 wdÈ
jYfhka fõ'
² ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h" tu b,lalu
msysá ia:dkh wkqj ;SrKh fõ'
² ixLHdjla iïu; wdldrhg ,shd .;a úg" tu ixLHdj lshùu yd
wl=ßka ,shd oelaùu myiq fõ'

20
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3 mQ¾K ixLHd u; .Ks; l¾u
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
²²mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍug"
²²mQ¾K ixLHdjlska Bg jvd l=vd mQ¾K ixLHdjla wvq lsÍug"
²²mq¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍug iy
²²mQ¾K ixLHdjla" mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§ug
yelshdj ,efí'

Tn oekg bf.k f.k we;s tl;= lsÍu" wvq lsÍu" .=K lsÍu yd fn§u
hk .‚; l¾u" fuu mdvfï § jvd;a úêu;a j Tng bf.k .ekSug
wjia:dj ie,fia'

3'1 mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍu

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... hk ixLHd mQ¾K ixLHd f,i y÷kajkq ,efí'

m<uqjk fjf<kaod fojk fjf<kaod

m<uqjk fjf<kaod <`. ne¨ï fnda, 12la o fojk fjf<kaod <`.
ne¨ï fnda, 13la o we;' fuu tla tla fjf<kaod <`. we;s ne¨ï fnda,
.Kfkys tl;=j 25la nj tajd ish,a, .Kka lsÍfuka oek .; yels h'
fuu ms<s;=r" ixLHd fofla tlia:dkfha b,lalï 12
fol fjk u o" oiia:dkfha b,lalï fol fjk + 13
u o tl;= lr ,nd .; yels h' 25

21
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuu tl;= lsÍu wdldr follska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
(1) .Kl rduq u.ska tl;= lruq'
12 iy 13 ixLHd .Kl rduq foll ksrEmKh lruq'

100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd 100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd

12 13

fuu tla tla .Kl rduqj, ;sfnk tlia:dkfha .Kl ish,a, fjku;a
oiia:dkfha we;s .Kl ish,a, fjku;a" fjk;a .Kl rduqjlg oeuQ
úg my; wdldrhg ksrEmKh fõ'

fuu .Kl rduqfjka ksrEmKh jk ixLHdj

25 fõ' tkï" 12 + 13 = 25 fõ'
100 tajd 10 tajd 1 tajd

(2) 12 iy 13 ixLHdj," tla tla ia:dkj, ;sfnk b,lalfuka ksrEmKh

jk w.h i,lñka tl;= lruq'

oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka

ixLHdj
ksrEmKh jk w.h ksrEmKh jk w.h
12 10 2
13 10 3
tl;=j 20 5

ms<s;=frys oiia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h 20 fõ' 20 hkq

10 tAjd 2ls' tkï" ms<s;=frys oiia:dkfha b,lalu 2 fõ'

tfia u tlia:dkfha b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h 5 fõ' 5 hkq 1

tAjd 5ls' tkï" ms<s;=frys tlia:dkfha b,lalu 5 fõ'

22
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
oiia:dkfha b,lalu 2 o tlia:dkfha b,lalu 5 o neúka ms<s;=r
25 fõ' tkï" 12 + 13 = 25

ó<Õg" my; ixLHdj, ftlHh fidhuq'

4768
fuu tl;= lsÍu my; mshjr u.ska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
+3986

1000 100 10 1 mshjr 1 - tfla tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 8 + 6 = 14
1 tfla tAjd 14la hkq"
4 7 6 8
oyfha tAjd 1la yd tfla tAjd 4ls'
+3 9 8 6 oyfha tAjd 1 oiia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
4
14 tfla tAjd 4 tlia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'

1000 100 10 1 mshjr 2 - oyfha tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1 + 6 + 8 = 15
1 1 oyfha tAjd 15la hkq 150ls'
4 7 6 8
fuys ishfha tAjd 1la yd oyfha tajd 5ls'
+3 9 8 6
ishfha tAjd 1 ishia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
5 4
15
oyfha tAjd 5 oiia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'

1000 100 10 1 mshjr 3 - ishfha tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1 + 7 + 9 = 17
1 1 1 ishfha tAjd 17la hkq 1700ls'
4 7 6 8 fuys odfya tAjd 1la yd ishfha tajd 7ls'
+3 9 8 6 odfya tAjd 1 oyia:dk ;Srejg f.k huq'
7 5 4
ishfha tAjd 7 ishia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
17

1000 100 10 1 mshjr 4 - odfya tAjd tl;= lruq'

tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd 1+4+3=8
1
4
1
7
1
6 8 odfya tAjd 8 oyia:dk ;Srefõ ,shuq'
+3 9 8 6
8 7 5 4 ms<s;=r 8754 fõ'

23
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2 ksoiqk 3 ksoiqk 4
1 1 1 1 1 2
6 2 7 1 4 5 8 4 5 6 157 + 26 iq¿ lrkak'
1
+2 8 3 +2 9 2 6 3 7 6 1 5 7
1
9 1 0 4 3 8 4 + 12 0 8 + 2 6
11 10 13 14 2 0 4 0 1 8 3
10 14 20 13
fuys olajd we;s mßÈ tla tla ixLHdfõ" tlia:dkfha b,lalï tl
;Srejlg o oiia:dkfha b,lalï tl ;Srejlg o" ishia:dkfha
b,lalï tl ;Srejlg o wdÈ jYfhka tk mßÈ ixLHd ,shd f.k
tl;= l< hq;-= h'

3'1 wNHdih
(1) iq¿ lrkak'

(2) iq¿ lrkak'

(i) 27 + 31 (ii) 43 + 29 (iii) 176 + 217 (iv) 352 + 189
(v) 2187 + 1854 (vi) 3095 + 1936 (vii) 84 + 258 (viii) 7 + 195
(ix) 139 + 2875 (x) 1987 + 36 + 171 (xi) 657 + 11389 + 64721

(3) mdi,l msßñ <uhs 486la o .eyekq <uhs 658la o isá;s' tu mdif,a
isák uq¿ <uhs ixLHdj lSh o@

(4) bvul we;s fmd,a .iaj,ska ckjdß udifha § fmd,a f.ä 1846la o
ud¾;= udifha § fmd,a f.ä 1384la o lvk ,È' fuu udi fofla §
lvk ,o uq¿ fmd,a f.ä .Kk lSh o@
24
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(5) im;a;= ksIAmdok wdh;khl ckjdß udifha § im;a;= 1395la o"
fmnrjdß udifha § im;a;= 1426la o ud¾;= udifha § im;a;= 1737la
o ksIamdokh lrk ,È' fï wkqj" udi ;=fka § ksIAmdokh lrk ,o
uq¿ im;a;= ixLHdj lSh o@
(6) jHdmdßlhl= jk ksu,a m<uqjk Èkfha § re 810la o" fojeks Èkfha
§ re 985la o ;=kajeks Èkfha § re 1130la o jYfhka wdodhï ,eî h'
ksu,a fuu Èk ;=fka § u ,enQ uq¿ wdodhu lSh o@
(7) lsß tl;= lsÍfï uOHia:dkhl i÷od Èkhl lsß fnda;,a 974la o"
w`.yrejdod i÷odg jvd lsß fnda;,a 103la o tl;= lf<a kï" i÷od
yd w`.yrejdod Èk fofla § tl;= jQ uq¿ lsß fnda;,a m%udKh lSh o@

3'2 mQ¾K ixLHdjlska Bg jvd l=vd mQ¾K ixLHdjla wvq lsÍu

m<uqjk rEmh fojk rEmh

m<uqjk rEmfhys oe,afjk myka 25la oelafõ' fojk rEmfhys tu

mykaj,ska 12la ksù we;s wjia:djla fmkajd we;' fojk rEmfhys
oe,afjk myka ixLHdj" 13la nj .Kka lsÍfuka fidhd .; yels h'

fojk rEmfha oe,afjk myka ixLHdj 25ka 12la wvq lsÍfuka o ,nd
.; yels fõ'

tl;= lsÍfï § fuka u wvq lsÍfï § o tlia:dkfha b,lalï fjku o

oiia:dkfha b,lalï fjk u o wvq lrkq ,efí'

25
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tfla tajd 5ka tfla tajd 2la wvq l< úg tfla tAjd 3ls'
oyfha tAjd 2ka oyfha tajd 1la wvq l< úg oyfha tAjd 1ls'
tA wkqj" ms<s;=frys oyfha tAjd 1la yd tfla tAjd 3la ;sfí'
tkï" ms<s;=r 13 fõ'

ksoiqk 1

iq¿ lrkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)

oeka wms 6753ka 1896la wvq lruq'

ixLHdj, tla tla ia:dkj, b,lalï" kshñ; ;Srefõ msysgk mßÈ my;
wdldrhg ,shd .ksuq'
fuu wvq lsÍu my; mshjr u.ska meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'
mshjr 1 - tfla tAjd wvq lruq'
1000 100 10 1 ² tlia:dk ;Srefõ 3" 6g jvd l=vd fõ'
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd
4 13
² tu ksid" oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 5ka 1la tkï"
6 7 5 3 tfla tAjd 10la" tlia:dkhg f.k tuq'
-1 8 9 6 ² túg" tlia:dkfha tfla tAjd 13ls'
7 ² oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 4la b;sß fõ'
² tfla tAjd 13ka 6la wvq l< úg tfla tAjd 7ls'

mshjr 2 - oyfha tAjd wvq lruq'

1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd ² oiia:dk ;Srefõ b;sß 4" 9g jvd l=vd fõ'
6 14
4
13 ² tu ksid" ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 7ka 1la"
6 7 5 3
tkï" oyfha tAjd 10la oiia:dkhg f.k tuq'
-1 8 9 6
² túg" oiia:dkfha oyfha tAjd 14ls'
5 7
² ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 6la b;sß fõ'
² oyfha tAjd 14ka" 10 tAjd 9la wvq l< úg
oyfha tAjd 5ls'

26
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
mshjr 3 - ishfha tAjd wvq lruq'
1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd ² ishia:dk ;Srefõ b;sß 6" 8g jvd l=vd fõ'
5 16 14 13 ² tu ksid" oyia:dkfha odfya tAjd 6ka 1la" tkï
6 6 7 4 5 3 ishfha tAjd 10la ishia:dkhg f.k tuq'
-1 8 9 6 ² túg" ishia:dkfha ishfha tAjd 16ls'
8 5 7 ² oyia:dkfha odfya tAjd 5la b;sß fõ' ishfha
tAjd 16ka" ishfha tAjd 8la wvq l< úg ishfha
tAjd 8ls'
1000 100 10 1
tAjd tAjd tAjd tAjd mshjr 4 - odfya tAjd wvq lruq'
5 16 14 13
6 6 7 4 5 3 ² oyia:dkfha b;sß odfya tAjd 5ka" odfya tAjd 1la
-1 8 9 6 wvq l< úg odfya tAjd 4ls'
4 8 5 7

ta wkqj" 6753ka 1896la wvq l< úg ms<s;=r 4857 fõ'

3'2 wNHdih
(1) iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 35 (ii) 478 (iii) 3975 (iv) 72 (v) 576
- 23 - 153 - 2341 - 38 -129

(vi) 352 (vii) 814 (viii) 506 (ix) 602 (x) 700
- 175 - 359 - 273 - 435 - 354

(xi) 7481 (xii) 4201 (xiii) 3023 (xiv) 6000

- 2154 - 1758 - 1496 - 2358

(2) iq¿ lrkak'

(i) 782 - 257 (ii) 524 -175 (iii) 631 - 58
(iv) 246 - 89 (v) 3532 - 785 (vi) 4000 - 356

(3) fmd,a f.ä 475la /f.k .sh ksu,a bka fmd,a f.ä 297la úl=Kqfõ
kï" b;sß fmd,a f.ä .Kk fldmuK o@
27
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) /iaùulg iyNd.s jQ 300lska" msßñka 192la isáfha kï tys isá
.eyekqka .Kk fldmuK o@
(5) l¾udka; Yd,djl 2013 j¾Ifha §" fudag¾ r: 1450la o 2014 j¾Ifha
§ 2325la o ksmojkq ,eî h' 2013 j¾Ihg jvd 2014 j¾Ifha §
ksIAmdokh lr we;s fudag¾ r: m%udKh fidhkak'
(6) fyaIdka ;u mshdf.ka re 325la o ujf.ka re 430la o ,nd .;af;a h'
tu uqo,aj,ska re 149lg fifrmamq l=Ügula o" re 225lg fmd;la o
ñ, § .;a úg" Tyq <`. b;sß jQ uqo, fidhkak'

3'3 mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu

rEmfha olajd we;af;a fmar f.ä 5 ne.ska we;s fmar f.dvj,a ;=kls'
fuu fmar f.dvj,a ;=fkys u we;s fmar f.ä .Kk 15 fõ'
5 + 5 + 5 = 15

"mfya tajd ;=kla " hkak" 5 × 3 wdldrhg .=K lsÍula f,i oelafõ'
tkï" 5 × 3 = 15
fï whqßka u" 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 × 5 = 10 o
10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 10 × 4 = 40 o fõ'

5 × 3 = 3 × 5 jk nj wms my; wdldrhg meyeÈ,s lr .ksuq'

mfya f.dvj,a ;=kla hkq 15ls'

28
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
15" ;=fka f.dvj,aj,g my; wdldrhg fjka lruq'

mfya f.dvj,a ;=k" ;=fka f.dvj,aj,g fjka

l< úg" ;=fka f.dvj,a myla ,efí'
tkï" 5 × 3 = 3 × 5 fõ'

0 isg 9 f;la mQ¾K ixLHdj, .=Kk j.=jla my; oelafõ'

× 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27
4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
6 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54
7 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63
8 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72
9 0 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81

10g wvq mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu" by; .=Kk j.=j wdOdrfhka l<
yels h' th my; WodyrK u.ska meyeÈ,s lr.kak'
5 × 3 = 15 (
i,l=K n,kak)
7 × 6 = 42 (
i,l=K n,kak)
9 × 8 = 72 (
i,l=K n,kak)
34 × 2ys .=Ks;h by; j.=fjka fl<ska u ,nd .; fkdyels h' tjeks
wjia:dj, .=Ks;h fidhuq'
34 tajd 2la hkq 34 + 34 fõ' tkï" 68 fõ'
fuu ms<s;=r my; wdldrhg o ,nd .; yels h'
34ys tlia:dkfha yd oiia:dkfha we;s b,lalïj, ksrEmKh jk
w.hka fjk fjk u 2ka .=K lr" ,efnk ixLHd tl;= lsÍfuka 68
,efí'
29
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
34ys tlia:dkfha we;s 4" 2ka .=K l< úg tfla tajd 8la ,efí'
34ys oiia:dkfha we;s 3" 2ka .=K l< úg oyfha tAjd 6la ,efí'
tA wkqj" oyfha tAjd 8 + tfla tAjd 6 = 60 + 8 = 68

3'3 wNHdih
(1) by; oelajQ .=Kk j.=j Ndú;fhka" my; tAjdfhys .=‚;hka ,nd
.kak'
(i) 3 × 4 (ii) 7 × 3 (iii) 8 × 0 (iv) 9 × 6
(2) w.h fidhkak'
(i) 42 × 3 (ii) 122 × 4 (iii) 78 × 7 (iv) 96 × 9

3'4 mQ¾K ixLHdjla" 10ka 100ka yd 1000ka .=K lsÍu

my; i|yka .=Ks; úuid n,uq'
2 × 10 hkq 2 tAjd 10ls' tkï" 10 tajd 2ls' tys w.h 20ls'
2 × 100 hkq 2 tAjd 100ls' tkï" 100 tAjd 2ls' tys w.h 200ls'
2 × 1000 hkq 2 tAjd 1000ls' tkï" 1000 tAjd 2ls' tys w.h 2000ls'
12 × 10 hkq 12 tAjd 10ls' tkï" 10 tAjd 12ls' tkï" 10 tAjd 10la iy 10
tAjd 2ls' tu ksid" tys w.h 100 + 20 = 120'
tA wkqj" my; i|yka .=Ks; úuid n,uq'
2 × 10 = 20 2 × 100 = 200 2 × 1000 = 2000
3 × 10 = 30 3 × 100 = 300 3 × 1000 = 3000
7 × 10 = 70 7 × 100 = 700 7 × 1000 = 7000
12 × 10 = 120 12 × 100 = 1200 12 × 1000 = 12 000
15 × 10 = 150 15 × 100 = 1500 15 × 1000 = 15 000
by; .=Ks;hka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka" my; i|yka lreKq wkdjrKh fõ'
² ixLHdjla 10ka .=K l< úg ,efnk ixLHdj" m<uq ixLHdfõ
ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 1la fh§fuka ,nd .; yels h'
² ixLHdjla 100ka .=K l< úg ,efnk ixLHdj" m<uq ixLHdfõ
ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 2la fh§fuka ,nd .; yels h'
² ixLHdjla 1000ka .=K l< úg ,efnk ixLHdj" m<uq ixLHdfõ
ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 3la fh§fuka ,nd .; yels h'

30
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'5 mQ¾K ixLHd .=K lsÍu ;jÿrg;a
25 × 14 i,luq'
25 × 14 hkq 25 tAjd 14ls' fuu 25 tAjd 14" 25 tAjd 10la yd 25 tAjd 4la
f,i ie,lsh yels h'
25 tAjd 10la hkq 250 ls' 25 tAjd 4la hkq 100ls' tu ksid" 25 tAjd 14la
hkq" 250 + 100 = 350'
tkï" 25 × 14 = 25 tAjd 10 + 25 tAjd 4
= 250 + 100
= 350
fuys § isÿ ù we;af;a 14ys tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.fhka" 25
fjk fjk u .=K lr" ,efnk ixLHd tl;= lr ms<;
s r
= ,nd .ekSu hs'
fï wkqj 25, 14ka .=K lsÍu my; wdldrhg o ,súh yels h'

ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
64 × 36ys w.h fidhkak' 157 × 52ys w.h fidhkak'

idudkHfhka" ixLHd foll .=‚;h fiùfï § úYd, ixLHdj l=vd

ixLHdfjka .=K lrkq ,efí'

31
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'4 wNHdih

(1) ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

(i) 13 × 10 = ............. (ii) 72 × 100 = .............
(iii) 54 × 1000 = ............. (iv) 39 × 100 = .............
(v) 43 × ............. = 430 (vi) 67 × ............. = 6700
(vii) ............. × 100 = 2900 (viii) 2450 × 100 = .............
(ix) 1700 × ............. = 17 000 (x) ............. × 1000 = 40 000

(2) iqÿiq w.hka fhdod ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'

(i) 52 (ii) 78 (iii) 136

× 13 × 24 × 32
15 1 2
5 0 15 0 8
6 6 1 7 4 2
(3) iq¿ lrkak'

(i) 64 (ii) 59 (iii) 76 (iv) 82 (v) 125 (vi) 248

× 21 × 63 × 54 × 45 × 32 × 70

(vii) 348 × 25 (viii) 515 × 36 (ix) 47 × 805 (x) 2015 × 36

(xi) 5115 × 29 (xii) 3042 × 42 (xiii) 4004 × 73 (xiv) 86 × 6029

(4) Yd,djl tla fm<l mqgq 57 ne.ska fma<s 35la we;' Yd,dfõ we;s mqgq
ixLHdj fldmuK o@
(5) iy,a u,a,l ñ, re 1225la fõ' tn÷ iy,a u¨ 75l ñ, fldmuK o@

(6) mdi,a nia r:hl .uka l< yels Wmßu isiqka .Kk 55ls' tjeks
nia r: 6l .uka l< yels Wmßu isiqka .Kk fldmuK o@
(7) mdi,a isiqjl=g wNHdi fmd;a 8la wjYH h' wNHdi fmd;l ñ,
re 48ls' mka;sfha isák isiqka .Kk 35ls' isiqka 35 fokdg u wjYH
wNHdi fmd;a m%udKh ñ, § .ekSug wjYH uq¿ uqo, fldmuK o@

32
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'6 mQ¾K ixLHdjla ;j;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§u

fjr¿ f.ä 10la risl yd iór hk ñ;=rka fofokd w;r iufia fnod
.;a úg tla whl=g ,enqKq fjr¿ m%udK rEmfha oelafõ'

uq¿ fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 10 hs'

iórg ,enqKq fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 5 hs' rislg ,enqKq fjr¿ f.ä .Kk 5 hs'

rislg fjr¿ f.ä 5la o iórg fjr¿ f.ä 5la o ne.ska ,efí' fufia
fofokd w;r fjr¿ fnok wdldrh úia;r lrkq ,nkafka" 10 fn§u
2 f,i hs'
fuh 10 ÷ 2 f,i ,shkq ,efí'
tA wkqj" 10 ÷ 2 = 5'
fuh my; wdldrhg o meyeÈ,s lr .; yels h'
10g mfya f.dvj,a 2ls' tkï" 10 = 5 « 2'
tu ksid" 10 iudk f.dvj,a follg fn¥ úg" tla f.dvl myla ;sfí'
tkï" 10 ÷ 2 = 5'
oeka" wms fnd;a;ï 7la hy¿jka fofokl= w;r
iudk j fnouq' fuys § tla whl=g 3 ne.ska
,efnk w;r 1la b;sß fõ'
tkï" 7 ÷ 2 hkq 3 hs b;sß 1 hs'
7 ÷ 2, §¾> fn§fï l%ufhka lrk wdldrh my; oelafõ'

3 ,íêh 7g fofla tAjd Wmßu jYfhka 3la we;=<;a

2 7 w;r 3 × 2 = 6ls' túg" b;sß jkafka 1ls'
6 tA wkqj 7" 2ka fn¥ úg 3 hs b;sß 1 hs'
fYaIh 1 tkï" 7" 2ka fn¥ úg ,íêh 3 iy fYaIh
1 fõ'

33
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'7 mQ¾K ixLHdjla" 10ka" 100ka yd 1000ka fn§u

my; i|yka fn§ï i,luq'

20 ÷ 10 hkq 20 g 10 tajd fldmuK o hkakhs'

200 ÷ 100 hkq 200 g 100 tajd fldmuK o hkakhs'
2000 ÷ 1000 hkq 2000 g 1000 tajd fldmuK o hkakhs'
fï wkqj" my; fn§ï úuid n,uq'
20 ÷ 10ys w.h fidhuq'
2 × 10 = 20 neúka" 20 ÷ 10 = 2'
tf,iu"
30 ÷ 10 =3 200 ÷ 100 =2 300 ÷ 100 =3
400 ÷ 10 = 40 700 ÷ 100 =7 2000 ÷ 1000 =2
3000 ÷ 1000 =3 7000 ÷ 1000 = 7 520 ÷ 10 = 52
15000 ÷ 100 = 150

ta wkqj"
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 1la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla 10ka fn¥ úg" ixLHdfõ
tu ìkaÿj bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 2la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla" 100ka fn¥ úg"
ixLHdfõ tu ìkaÿ 2 bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'
� ol=Kqmi w.g ìkaÿ 3la fh§ we;s ixLHdjla" 1000ka fn¥ úg"
ixLHdfõ tu ìkaÿ 3 bj;a lsÍfuka ms<s;=r ,efí'

igyk
´kE u ixLHdjla ìkaÿfjka 0" ìkaÿj fkdjk ´kE u ixLHdjlska fn¥
.=K l< úg ms<s;=r 0 fõ' úg ms<s;=r 0 fõ'
2×0=0 0÷ 2=0
28 × 0 = 0 0 ÷ 13 = 0
412 × 0 = 0 0 ÷ 971 = 0
kuq;a" lsisu ixLHdjla 0ka fn§u l< fkdyels h'

34
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
3'8 mQ¾K ixLHd fn§u ;jÿrg;a
§¾> fn§fï l%ufhka 75 ÷ 5ys w.h fidhuq'

1 mshjr 1 - 75ys oiia:dkfha b,lalu 7 fõ' tkï"

5 75 10 tAjd 7ls'
5 1×5=5
2 7" 5ka fn¥ úg 1 hs b;sß 2 hs' tkï" b;sß
jkafka 10 tAjd 2ls'

1 mshjr 2 - tu b;sß oyfha tAjd 2g" tfla tAjd 5

575
5 tl;= lruq' túg" tfla tAjd 25ls'
25

15
57 5 mshjr 3 - tfla tAjd 25" 5ka fnouq'
5
25 túg" tfla tAjd 5 hs b;sß ke;'
25 5 « 5 = 25
0 tkï" 75 ÷ 5 ys w.h 15 fõ'

20 ÷ 5 ys w.h fidhuq'

5 20 fyda 5 20 fyda f,iska 20 ÷ 5 olajk nj wms oksuq'

4
5 20 fyda 5 20 fyda fõ'
4 20
0

wms oeka ixLHdjla" b,lalï folla we;s ixLHdjlska fnouq'

38" 12ka fn§u i,luq'
3
12 38 3g 12 tAjd ke;'
36 tu ksid 38g 12 tAjd fldmuK ;sfí oe hs fidhuq'
2 38g 12 tAjd 3 hs b;sß 2 hs'

38" 12 ka fn¥ úg" 3 hs b;sß 2 hs'

35
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1 -
iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 470 ÷ 10 (ii) 253 ÷ 11 (iii) 419 ÷ 13
47 23 32
10 470 11 253 13 419
40 10 « 4 = 40 22 11 « 2 = 22 39 13 « 3 = 39
70 33 29
70 10 « 7 = 70 33 11 « 3 = 33 26 13 « 2 = 26
0 0 3

470 ÷ 10 = 47 253 ÷ 11 = 23 419 ÷ 13 = 32 hs b;sß 3 hs

3'5 wNHdih
(1) ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
(i) 40 ÷ 10 = '''''''' (ii) 720 ÷ 10 = ''''''''
(iii) 600 ÷ 100 = '''''''''' (iv) 1300 ÷ 100 = '''''''''
(v) 5000 ÷ 1000 = ''''''''' (vi) 12 800 ÷ 10 = ''''''''''
(vii) 19 000 ÷ 1000 = '''''''''' (viii) 8300 ÷ ''''''''' = 83
(ix) 24 380 ÷ 10 = ''''''''' (x) 31 000 ÷ ''''''''' = 3100
(2) §¾> fn§fï l%ufhka iq¿ lrkak'
(i) 525 ÷ 7 (ii) 240 ÷ 9 (iii) 416 ÷ 13
(iv) 625 ÷ 25 (v) 448 ÷ 14 (vi) 2244 ÷ 17
(vii) 2772 ÷ 21 (viii) 1980 ÷ 15 (ix) 3696 ÷ 24
(x) 2052 ÷ 19
(3) 16 fokl= hk jEka r:hlg wh lrkq ,nk .dia;=j re 10 800ls' tu
.dia;=j myf<dia fokl= w;r iu j fnod .kafka kï" tla whl=
f.úh hq;= uqo, lSh o@
(4) mqgq 6480la mdi,a 20lg iu fia fnod Èh hq;= j we;akï tla mdi,lg
,efnk mqgq ixLHdj lSh o@
(5) inka leg 25la ne.ska we;s fmÜá 12l we;s inka leg" fiajlhka
myf<dia fokl= w;r iudk j fn¥ úg tla whl=g ,efnk inka
leg .Kk lSh o@

36
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ñY% wNHdih
(1) Ñ;% m%o¾Ykhla keröu i|yd m<uqjk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1320la o
fojk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1567la o ;=kajk Èkfha ñksiaiq 1624la o
meñ‚hy' fuu Èk ;=k ;=< § meñ‚ uq¿ msßi lSh o@
(2) fhda.Ü ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk l¾udka; Yd,djla ;=< m<uqjk
i;sfha fhda.Ü 3 788la o fojk i;sfha fhda.Ü 4 124la o ksIamdokh
lrk ,È' m<uqjk i;shg jvd fojk i;sfha ksIamdokh lrk ,o
fhda.Ü m%udKh lSh o@
(3) mqia;ld,hl tl iudk rdlal 10la we;' tA tla rdlalhl ;Ügq
5la ne.ska we;' tla ;Ügqjl fmd;a 30la ne.ska wiqrkq ,efí'
mqia;ld,fha fuu rdlal 10 ;=< we;s uq¿ fmd;a .Kk fldmuK o@
(4) ñksil=g fmd,a me< 152la isgqùug wjYH fõ' tfy;a Èklg
isgqúh yelafla me< 8la mu‚' fmd,a me< 152 isgqùug Èk lShla
.; fõ o@
(5) isfuka;s úl=Kqï uOHia:dkhlg isfuka;s fldÜg 740la f.k
taug wjYH fõ' isfuka;s fldÜg /f.k tk jdykfha /f.k wd
yels Wmßu isfuka;s fldÜg .Kk 24ls' tA wkqj fuu jdykfhka
lS jdrhla isfuka;s f.k wd hq;= o@
idrdxYh
² mQ¾K ixLHd tl;= lsÍï yd wvq lsÍïj, §" tAjdfha tlia:dkh"
oiia:dkh wdÈ jYfhka tla tla ia:dkfha b,lalñka ksrEmKh
jk w.h i,lñka tu .‚; l¾uh isÿ l< hq;= h'
² mQ¾K ixLHd folla .=K lsÍfï §" my; mshjr wkq.ukh l< yels h'
-- tla ixLHdjl" tla tla b,lalfuka ksrEmKh jk w.h ,nd
.ekSu'
-- tu tla tla ksrEmKh jk w.fhka" wfkla ixLHdj fjk
fjku .=K lsÍu'
-- tu .=‚; tlg tl;= lsÍfuka wjika ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSu'
² mQ¾K ixLHdjla ;j;a mQ¾K ixLHdjlska fn§ug §¾> fn§fï
l%uh fhdod.; yels h'

37
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4 ld,h
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
²²ld,h uksk tAll y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ld,h uksk tAll w;r iïnkaO;d y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ld¾hhla i|yd .; jQ ld,h fiùug"
²²fõ,dj meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY lsÍug iy
²²Èkh iïu; wdldrhg ,sùug"
yelshdj ,efí'

4'1 meh 12 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj ksjerÈ j lshùu

my; olajd we;s wdldrfha" ksjerÈ j fõ,dj olajk Trf,daiqjla f.k
th ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

z fuys jfÜ odrh flá bß u.ska iudk fldgia

60lg fnod we;'
z tl <Õ wxl folla w;r tu fldgia 5la msysgk
fia 1 isg 12 f;la wxl fhdod we;'

z yß ueo iú lr we;s lgq ;=fkka" flá u lgqj meh lgqj fõ' fuys
r;= mdáka olajd we;s isyska u lgqj ;;amr lgqj fõ' wfkla lgqj
ñks;a;= lgqj fõ'
z Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a wxl ms<sfj<ska jeä jk w;g lgq ;=k u
lerlefjhs'
z meh lgqfõ ;=v tl wxlhl isg B<Õ wxlh olajd hEug .; jk
ld,h meh tlls'
z ñks;a;= lgqfõ ;=v" tla flá brl isg B<Õ flá br olajd hEug
.; jk ld,h ñks;a;= tlls'
z ;;amr lgqfõ ;=v tla flá brl isg B<Õ flá br olajd hEug
.; jk ld,h ;;amr tlls'
z mehl ld,h ;=< ñks;a;= lgqj iïmQ¾K jghla .uka lrhs'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60

38
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
z ñks;a;=jl ld,h ;=< ;;amr lgqj iïmQ¾K jghla .uka lrhs'
ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60

z fõ,dj lshjk úg meh .Kk lshjkafka" meh lgqfjys ;=v tu

fudfydf;a fhduqj we;s wxlh fyda wjidkhg miq lr we;s wxlh
fyda wkqj hs'
z ñks;a;= .Kk yd ;;amr .Kk lshjkafka" ñks;a;= lgqfjys iy
;;amr lgqfõ ;=vq tA fudfydf;a fhduqj we;s bß len,s .Kk fyda
wjidkhg miq lr we;s bß len,s .Kk fyda wkqj hs'

fuu Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a oelafjk fõ,dj lshjuq'

Trf,daiqfõ meh lgqj 10 iy 11 hk wxl w;r we;s
neúka" meh lgqj fuu fudfydf;a § miq lr we;s wxlh
10 fõ'
ñks;a;= lgqj 25 jeks yd 26 jeks bß lene,s w;r we;'
tneúka ñks;a;= lgqj fuu fudfydf;a § miq lr we;s bß
lene,a, 25 fõ'
;;amr lgqj 13 jeks bß lene,a, fj; fhduq ù we;'
fuu fõ,dj lshjkqfha"
10 miq ù ñks;a;= 25 hs ;;amr 13 f,i h'
fuu fõ,dj ,shkafka 10'25'13 f,isks'
iuyr wjia:dj, ;;amr .Kk i|yka fkdlr" fõ,dj
10'25 f,i ,shk wjia:d o we;'
4'1 wNHdih

(1) my; tla tla Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a oelafjk fõ,dj meh" ñks;a;= iy
;;amr weiqfrka ,shd olajkak'

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

39
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
²²fmrjre yd miajre y÷kd .ekSu

by; mska;+rfha ;sfnk Trf,daiq fofla u oelafjk fõ,dj 7'00 fõ'

² <uhl= WoEik 7'00g mdi,a hk fõ,dj tla Trf,daiqjlska oelafõ'
² <uhl= yji 7'00g mdvï lrk fõ,dj wfkla Trf,daiqfjka oelafõ'
fï wkqj Trf,daiqj ojila ;=< wjia:d foll § tl u fõ,djla olajk
neúka" fõ,dj i|yka lsÍfï § th ksYaÑ; j olajk wdldrh my;
úia;r lr we;'
‘ Èjd ld,fha § lgq ;=k u wxl 12 fj; fhduq ù we;s úg" fõ,dj
uOHdyak 12 fõ'
‘ rd;%S ld,fha § lgq ;=k u 12 fj; fhduq ù we;s úg" fõ,dj uOHu
rd;%S 12 fõ'
‘ uOHu rd;%S 12 isg uOHdyak 12 olajd we;s meh 12l ld,h fmrjrej
f,i ye¢kafõ'
‘ uOHdyak 12 isg uOHu rd;S% 12 olajd we;s ld,h miajrej f,i
ye¢kafõ'
‘ uOHu rd;%S 12 isg B<Õ uOHu rd;%S 12 olajd we;s ld,h Èkhla fõ'

Èkl ld,hla ;=< meh lgqj iïmQ¾K jg folla .uka lrhs'

tkï" Èk 1 = jre 2 = meh 24

40
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tA wkqj fuu WodyrKfha"
WoEik 7'00 fõ,dj" fm'j' 7'00 f,i i|yka lrkq ,efí'
^fmrjre" fm'j' f,i flá lr oelafõ'&
yji 7'00 fõ,dj" m'j' 7'00 f,i i|yka lrkq ,efí'
^miajre" m'j' f,i flá lr oelafõ'&

4'2 meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj lshùu

meh 24 Trf,daiqjla rEmfha oelafõ' tys msg;

jgfha wxl 1 isg 12 f;la o we;=<; jgfha
wxl 13 isg 24 f;la o ms<sfj<ska ,l=Kq lr
we;'
fmrjre 1 isg uOHdyak 12 olajd we;s fõ,djka
1 isg 12 olajd we;s wxlj,ska o miajre
fõ,djka 12 isg 24 olajd we;s wxlj,ska o lshjkq ,efí'
oji wdrïN jkafka uOHu rd;%sfhks' th 00:00 f,i olajkq ,efí'
oji wjika jkafka o uOHu rd;%sfhks' tu fõ,dj 24:00 f,i olajhs'

oji wdrïN ù ñks;; a = 30la f.ù .sh úg fõ,dj olajkafka 00:30 f,isk's
fm'j' 10'30 olajkafka 10:30 f,isks'
uOHdyak 12'00 olajkafka 12:00 f,isks'
m'j' 1'00 olajkafka 13:00 f,isks'
m'j' 6'00 olajkafka 18:00 f,isks'

fõ,dj wka;¾cd;sl iïu; l%uhg ,shd olajkafka my; wdldrhg fõ'

meh : ñks;a;= : ;;amr
hh : mm : ss
fuys §" meh" ñks;a;= iy ;;amr .Kk b,lalï follska oelaúh
hq;= h' ;;amr .Kk i|yka fkdlrk wjia:dj, §" fõ,dj meh iy
ñks;a;=j,ska muKla i|yka lrkq ,efí'
WodyrKhla f,i m'j' 1 hs ñks;a;= 3 hs ;;amr 48" wka;¾cd;sl iïu;
wdldrhg olajkafka 13:03:48 f,isks'

41
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tlu Èkl fjkia fõ,djka lsysmhla wka;¾cd;sl iïu; l%uhg
igyka lrk wdldrh my; j.=fõ oelafõ'

meh 12 l%uhg wkqj fõ,dj iïu; l%uhg wkqj fõ,dj

fm'j' 1'00 01:00
fm'j' 2'00 02:00
fm'j' 3'00 03:00
fm'j' 4'00 04:00
fm'j' 5'00 05:00
fm'j' 6'00 06:00
fm'j' 7'00 07:00
fm'j' 8'00 08:00
fm'j' 9'00 09:00
fm'j' 10'00 10:00
fm'j' 11'00 11:00
uOHdyak 12'00 12:00
m'j' 1'00 13:00
m'j' 2'00 14:00
m'j' 3'00 15:00
m'j' 4'00 16:00
m'j' 5'00 17:00
m'j' 6'00 18:00
m'j' 7'00 19:00
m'j' 8'00 20:00
m'j' 9'00 21:00
m'j' 10'00 22:00
m'j' 11'00 23:00
uOHu rd;%S 12 24:00

ksoiqk 1
m'j' 2'35" wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
ms<s;=r 14:35 fõ'

42
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'2 wNHdih

(1) my; oelafjkafka nKavdrkdhl

cd;Hka;r .=jka f;dgqm<ska .=jka
hdkd lsysmhla msg;a jk fõ,djka
h' j.=j msgm;a lr f.k ysia ;eka
iïmQ¾K lrkak'

msg;a jk fõ,dj
meh 12 l%uhg iïu; wdldrh
.ukdka;h fõ,dj olajk
wdldrh
lajd,d,ïmQ¾ fm'j' 7'05 '''''''''''''''''''
;%sfõkaøï ''''''''''''''''''' 08:25
isx.mamQrej m'j' 7'10 '''''''''''''''''''
kj È,a,sh ''''''''''''''''''' 19:15
fpkakdhs fm'j' 10'30 '''''''''''''''''''
lrÉÑ ''''''''''''''''''' 19:55
vqndhs m'j' 6'45 '''''''''''''''''''
meßia ''''''''''''''''''' 08:00
,kavka fm'j' 11'10 '''''''''''''''''''
nexfldla ''''''''''''''''''' 20:30
ud,Èjhsk m'j' 1'25 '''''''''''''''''''

(2) my; oelafjk j.ka;sj, i|yka fõ,djka wka;¾cd;sl iïu;

l%uhg olajñka j.ka;s kej; ,shkak'
(i) fldgqj ÿïßh ia:dkfhka fm'j' 10'30g msg;a jk Wvrg
ue‚fla ÿïßh m'j' 5'40g nÿ,a,g <Õd ùug kshñ; h'
(ii) fm'j' 11'00g wdrïNjk ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh m'j' 2'30g wjika
ùug kshñ; h'
(iii) fm'j' 11'30g wdrïN jk .‚;h m%Yak m;%h m'j' 1'30g wjika
fõ'
43
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) my; j.=fõ oelafjk fõ,djka meh 12 Trf,daiqfjka m%ldY lrkak'
iïu; l%uh meh 12 l%uh
ÿïßh msg;a jk fõ,dj 08:32 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;eme,ay, újD; lrk fõ,dj 08:00 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
<sm .sks fud<jk fõ,dj 20:18 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
frda.Skag m%;sldr lrk ld, iSudj 08:00 - 16:00 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
úÿ,sh úikaê lrk ld, iSudj 11:30 - 15:45 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4'3 iïu; wdldrfhka Èkh oelaùu

iïu; wdldrfhka Èkh ,sùfï §"
² m<uq j j¾Ih" fojkq j udih" f;jkq j Èkh oelaúh hq;= fõ'
² j¾Ih oelaùug b,lalï y;rla o udih oelaùug b,lalï
folla o Èkh oelaùug b,lalï folla ne.ska ,súh hq;= h'
² j¾Ih" udih yd Èkh fjka lr olajhs'
2015ys wfm%a,a 08 jk Èk wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg olajkqfha
2015 - 04 - 08 f,isks'

2015 - 05 - 08 jk Èkh uOHu rd;%s 12ka wjika jk fudfyd;

2015 - 05 - 08 Èk 24:00 f,i olajkq ,efí' tu fudfyd; 2015 - 05 - 09
Èk 00:00 f,i o ,súh yels h'

4'4 ld,h uksk tAll w;r iïnkaO;dj

;;amr" ñks;a;=" meh iy Èk ld,h uekSug Ndú; lrk tAll lsysmhla
fõ' oeka wms tu tAll w;r iïnkaO;dj úuid n,uq'
² ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla ;;amrj,ska oelaùu
ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60 neúka"
ñks;a;= 2 = ;;amr 120
ñks;a;= 3 = ;;amr 180
tkï" ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla" ;;amrj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §
we;s ñks;a;= .Kk 60ka .=K l< hq;= h'

44
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
ñks;a;= 8" ;;amrj,ska olajkak'
ñks;a;= 1 = ;;amr 60
ñks;a;= 8 = ;;amr 60 « 8
= ;;amr 480

4'3 wNHdih
^1& my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ;;amrj,ska olajkak'
^i& ñks;a;= 1 ^ii& ñks;a;= 8 ^iii& ñks;a;= 30
^iv& ñks;a;= 20 ^v& ñks;a;= 38 ^vi& ñks;a;= 48
² ;;amrj,ska olajd we;s ld,hla ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùu
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1 neúka"
;;amr 120 = ñks;a;= 2
;;amr 180 = ñks;a;= 3
tkï" ;;amrj,ska § we;s ld,hla" ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùug tu ld,h §
we;s ;;amr .Kk 60ka fnÈh hq;= h'

ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
;;amr 360" ñks;a;=j,ska ;;amr 150" ñks;;
a j
= ,ska iy ;;amrj,ska
olajkak' olajkak'
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1 ;;amr 150 = ;;amr 120 + ;;amr 30
;;amr 360 = ñks;a;= 360 ÷ 60 ;;amr 120 = ñks;a;= 2la neúka"
= ñks;a;= 6 ;;amr 150 = ñks;; a = 2 hs ;;amr 30 hs'

4'4 wNHdih
(1) ;;amrj,ska § we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ñks;a;=j,ska m%ldY
lrkak'
^i& ;;amr 60 ^ii& ;;amr 120 ^iii& ;;amr 240
^iv& ;;amr 300 ^v& ;;amr 1200 ^vi& ;;amr 3600

45
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^2& ;;amrj,ska § we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" ñks;;
a = iy ;;amrj,ska
olajkak'

^i& ;;amr 75 ^ii& ;;amr 100 ^iii& ;;amr 150

^iv& ;;amr 200 ^v& ;;amr 250 ^vi& ;;amr 325

² mehj,ska olajd we;s ld,hla ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùu

meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60 neúka"
meh 2 = ñks;a;= 120
meh 3 = ñks;a;= 180

tkï" mehj,ska § we;s ld,hla" ñks;a;=j,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §

we;s meh .Kk 60ka .=K l< hq;= h'

ksoiqk 1
meh 8" ñks;a;=j,ska olajkak'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= 60
meh 8 = ñks;a;= 60 × 8
= ñks;a;= 480

4'5 wNHdih

(1) meh 1l we;s ;;amr .Kk ,nd .ekSu i|yd lrk ,o mßj¾;k
lsysmhla my; oelafõ' ysia fldgqj,g .e<fmk ixLHd ,shkak'
meh 1 = ñks;a;= = ;;amr

(1) mehj,ska olajd we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h ñks;a;=j,ska
olajkak'
^i& meh 1 ^ii& meh 2 ^iii& meh 3
^iv& meh 5 ^v& meh 12 ^vi& meh 24

46
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
² ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla mehj,ska oelaùu

ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1 neúka"

ñks;a;= 120 = meh 2
ñks;a;= 180 = meh 3
tkï" ñks;a;=j,ska § we;s ld,hla" mehj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h §
we;s ñks;a;= .Kk 60ka fnÈh hq;= h'

ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
ñks;a;= 720" mehj,ska ñks;a;= 200" meh iy ñks;a;=j,ska
olajkak' olajkak'
ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1 ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1
ñks;a;= 720 = meh 720 ÷ 60 ñks;a;= 200 = ñks;a;= 180 + ñks;a;= 20
= meh 12 = meh 3 ñks;a;= 20

4'6 wNHdih
(1) ñkss;a;=j,ska olajd we;s my; i|yka tla tla ld,h mehj,ska
olajkak'
^i& ñks;a;= 60 ^ii& ñks;a;= 180 ^iii& ñks;a;= 540
^iv& ñks;a;= 300 ^v& ñks;a;= 360 ^vi& ñks;a;= 600

(2) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h meh iy ñks;a;=j,ska olajkak'

^i& ñks;a;= 90 ^ii& ñks;a;= 100 ^iii& ñks;a;= 115
^iv& ñks;a;= 150 ^v& ñks;a;= 245 ^vi& ñks;a;= 320

² Èk iy meh w;r iïnkaO;dj

Èk 1 = meh 24 neúka"
Èk 2 = meh 48
Èk 3 = meh 72
tkï" Èk .Kkla mehj,ska oelaùug" tu Èk jYfhka we;s .Kk
24ka .=K l< hq;= h'

47
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
tfiau" meh 24 = Èk 1la neúka"
meh 48 = Èk 2
meh 72 = Èk 3
tkï" mehj,ska § we;s ld,hla" Èkj,ska oelaùug" tu ld,h § we;s
meh .Kk 24ka fnÈh hq;= h'
ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2

Èk 4" mehj,ska olajkak' meh 144" Èkj,ska olajkak'

Èk 1 = meh 24 meh 24 = Èk 1
Èk 4 = meh 24 × 4 meh 144 = Èk 144 ÷ 24
= meh 96 = Èk 6

ksoiqk 3
meh 37" Èkj,ska iy mehj,ska olajkak'
meh 24 = Èk 1
meh 37 = meh 24 + meh 13
= Èk 1 hs meh 13 hs

4'7 wNHdih

(1) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" mehj,ska olajkak'

^i& Èk 1 ^ii& Èk 2 ^iii& Èk 3
^iv& Èk 5 ^v& Èk 8 ^vi& Èk 30

(2) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" Èkj,ska olajkak'

^i& meh 24 ^ii& meh 48 ^iii& meh 96
^iv& meh 120 ^v& meh 240 ^vi& meh 360

(3) my; i|yka tla tla ld,h" Èk iy mehj,ska olajkak'

^i& meh 34 ^ii& meh 58 ^iii& meh 80
^iv& meh 130 ^v& meh 255 ^vi& meh 400

48
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) Èkhlg we;s ;;amr ixLHdj ,nd .ekSu i|yd isiqjl= úiska lrk
,o tAll mßj¾;k mshjr my; oelafõ'
Èk 1 = meh = ñks;a;= = ;;amr
tla tla fldgqjg .e<fmk ixLHdj ,shkak'
(5) tlu ld,hla oelafjk hq., hd lrkak'
;;amr 110 Èk 4
ñks;a;= 75 ñks;a;= 3
;;amr 180 Èk 5
ñks;a;= 180 meh 72
meh 4 meh 3
meh 120 ñks;a;= 1 ;;amr 50
Èk 3 meh 1 ñks;a;= 15
meh 96 ñks;a;= 240

4'5 .; jQ ld,h
oeka wms fõ,djka folla weiqfrka .; jQ ld,h fidhuq'

iqñ;af.a uj m'j' 2'00g lvhg hEug msg;a jQjd h' uj wdmiq meñ‚fha
m'j' 3'30g h' iqñ;af.a uj lvhg f.dia ksjig tAug .; jQ ld,h
fidhuq'

49
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
m<uq l%uh

m'j' 2'00 isg m'j' 3'00 olajd ld,h meh 1ls'

m'j' 3'00 isg m'j' 3'30 olajd ld,h ñks;a;= 30ls'
tu ksid" iqñ;af.a uj lfâ f.dia" nvq f.k tAug .; jQ ld,h meh
1la yd ñks;a;= 30la fõ'
² tlu jrejla ;-=< isÿjk isÿùula i|yd .; jQ ld,h my; l%uhg
myiqfjka fiúh yels h'
fojk l%uh
wïud wdmiq meñ‚ fõ,dj = m'j' 3'30
wïud f.oßka msgjQ fõ,dj = m'j' 2'00
.ukg .; jQ ld,h fiùug f.org meñ‚ fõ,dj;a f.oßka msg jQ
fõ,dj;a w;r fjki fiúh hq;= h'
meh ñks;a;=
3 30
fï wkqj" iqñ;af.a uj lfâ f.dia nvq
- 2 00 f.k tAug .; jQ ld,h meh 1la yd
1 30 ñks;a;= 30la fõ'

hï ld¾hhla fyda hï isÿùula fyda i|yd .; jk ld,h" tu ld¾hh

fyda isÿùu fyda wjidk jQ fõ,dj yd wdrïN jQ fõ,dj w;r fjki
fõ'
tf,i .; yelafla meh 12 l%uhg fõ,dj olajk l,ays tlu jrejla
;=< isÿjk isÿùï i|yd o meh 24 l%uhg fõ,dj olajk l,ays tla
Èkhla ;=< isÿ jQ isÿùï i|yd o mu‚'

ksoiqk 1
iñ;af.a wlald jdr úNd.hg iQodkï ùu i|yd Bfha m'j' 7'30 isg
m'j' 10'15 olajd mdvï l<d h' wlald mdvï l< ld,h fidhkak'
mdvï lr wjika jQ fõ,dj = m'j' 10'15
mdvï lsÍu wdrïN l< fõ,dj = m'j 7'30
tlu jrejla ;=< isÿ jQ isÿùï 2ls' tneúka mdvï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h
fiùug" mdvï lsÍu wjika l< fõ,dj;a mdvï lsÍu wdrïN l<
fõ,dj;a w;r fjki fidhuq'

50
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
meh ñks;a;= ² ñks;a;= 15ka ñks;a;= 30la wvq lsÍug fkdyels
10 15 ksid meh 10ka meh 1la tkï" ñks;a;= 60la
-7 30 ñks;a;= ;Srhg f.k tuq'
2 45 ² túg" ñks;a;= .Kk = ñks;a;= 15 + 60 =
ñks;a;= 75' oeka ñks;a;= 75ka 30la wvq lruq'
túg" ñks;a;= 45ls'
² oeka meh ;Srfha b;sß meh 9ka 7la wvq lruq'
túg" meh 2ls'
² tu ksid" ms<s;=r meh 2 hs ñks;a;= 45la fõ'
ksoiqk 2

mdif,a ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijh fm'j' 9'30g wdrïN úh' th wjika

jQfha m'j' 1'45g h' W;aijh meje;s ld,h fidhkak'
fuys wdrïNl fõ,dj fmrjre yd wjika fõ,dj miajre jk neúka
fõ,djka w;r fjki fiùug" tu fõ,djka meh 24 Trf,daiqjg
wkqj ,shd .ksuq'
wdrïNl fõ,dj = 09:30
wjika jQ fõ,dj = 13:45
W;aijh meje;s ld,h = 13:45 - 09:30
= meh 4 hs ñks;a;= 15 hs'
tlu Èkhla ;=< isÿjQ isÿùïj,g wod< j .; jQ ld,h iïnkaO
.eg¨j, §" fõ,dj" meh 24 fõ,dfjka ,shd .ekSfuka úi£u myiq fõ'

4'8 wNHdih

(1) iór m'j' 3'00 isg m'j' 7'00 olajd jQ ld,h .; l< wdldrh § we;'
Trf,daiq uqyqK;a u.ska tla tla ld¾hh wdrïNl yd wjidk fõ,djka
oelafõ' tla tla ld¾hh i|yd Tyq .; l< ld,h ñks;a;=j,ska
fidhkak'

51
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(i)

iórg fi,a,ï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''

(ii)

iórg kEug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''

(iii)

iór wïudg Wojq lrkakg .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''

52
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(iv)

iórg rEmjdysksh keröug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= ''''''''

(v)

iórg mdvï lsÍug .; jQ ld,h = ñks;a;= '''''''

(2) my; i|yka j.=j msgm;a lr f.k iïmQ¾K lrkak'

wjika jQ
ld¾hh wdrïN jQ fõ,dj .; jQ ld,h
fõ,dj
mdif,a m<uq
fm'j' 7'30 fm'j' 8'10 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ld,Éfþoh
mdif,a úfõl
fm'j' 10'45 fm'j' 11'00 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ld,h
.=jka úÿ,shg ijka
fm'j' 5'25 fm'j' 6'05 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
§u
jHdhdu lsÍu fm'j' 6'10 fm'j' 6'25 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mdi,g hEu fm'j' 6' 10 ''''''''''''''''''''''' ñks;a;= 35hs ;;amr 30hs'
mdvï lsÍu fm'j' 10'30 ''''''''''''''''''''''' meh 2hs ñks;a;= 25hs'
rEmjdysks keröu m'j' 8'30 ''''''''''''''''''''''' ñks;a;= 28hs ;;amr 15hs'

53
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) l=reKE., isg wkqrdOmqrhg hd yels ud¾. folls'

(i) l=reKE.,skafm'j' 5'10g msg;a

jQ nia r:hla" wUkafmd< yryd
wkqrdOmqrhg <Õd jk úg" fm'j'
7'55 úh' tu .ukg .; jQ ld,h
fidhkak'

(ii) l=reKE.,ska fm'j' 5'45g msg;a jQ nia r:hla" oUq,a, yryd

wkqrdOmqrhg <Õd jk úg fm'j' 8'20 úh' tu .ukg .; jQ
ld,h fidhkak'
(iii) wvq ld,hlska wkqrdOmqrhg <Õdúh yelafla by; ljr
ud¾.fhka .uka lsÍfuka o@
(4) ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijfha kHdh m;%h my; olajd we;'

fm'j' 8'30 - wuq;a;ka fmryßka Yd,djg le|jd f.k tAu

fm'j' 8'40 - fmd,af;,a myk oe,aùu
fm'j' 8'45 - ms<s.ekSfï .S;h
fm'j' 8'50 - ms<s.ekSfï l:dj ^úÿy,am;s;=ud&
fm'j' 9'05 - ;Hd. m%odkh - m%d:ñl wxYh
fm'j' 9'35 - m%Odk wuq;a;df.a l:dj
fm'j' 9'50 - ;Hd. m%odkh - oaú;Shsl wxYh
fm'j' 10'25 - flá kdgHhla
fm'j' 10'45 - ;Hd. m%odkh - iriú m%fõYh ,enQjka i|yd
fm'j' 11'00 - ia;=;s l:dj
fm'j' 11'10 - cd;sl .Sh .dhkh yd W;aijfha ksudj
my; i|yka tla tla wx.h i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,h fidhkak'

(i) ms<s.ekSfï l:dj (ii) m%Odk wuq;a;df.a l:dj

(iii) ;Hd. m%odkh - m%d:ñl wxYh (iv) flá kdgHh

(v) ;Hd. m%odkh - oaú;Shsl wxYh

54
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'6 ld,h iïnkaO tl;= lsÍï ;jÿrg;a

nihlg ud;r isg .d,a,g hEu i|yd meh

1 hs ñks;a;= 30la .; fõ' .d,a, isg fld<U
olajd meñŒug meh 3 hs ñks;a;= 20la .;
fõ' ud;r isg fld<U olajd hEug nihg
.; jQ uq¿ ld,h fidhuq'
ud;r isg .d,a,g hEug .; jQ ld,h = meh 1 ñks;a;= 30
.d,a, isg fld<Ug hEug .; jQ ld,h = meh 3 ñks;a;= 20
.ukg .; jQ uq¿ ld,h fiùug by; ld,hka fol tl;= lruq'
meh ñks;a;=
1 30
+3 20
4 50

ksoiqk 1 ñks;; a = ;Srfha ñks;; a = .Kka tl;= lruq'

meh ñks;a;= ñks;; a = 50 + ñks;; a = 40 = ñks;; a = 90"
13 50 ñks;; a = 90 = meh 1 hs ñks;; a = 30 hs'
+4 40 ñks;; a = 30" ñks;;
a = ;Srfha ,shuq'
8 30 meh 1 meh ;Srhg f.k f.dia" tu ;Srfha meh .Kka
tl;= lruq'
1 + 3 + 4 = 8 tkï" meh 8ls'
ms<;
s r
= meh 8 hs ñks;; a = 30 hs'

ksoiqk 2 ksoiqk 3
ñks;a;= ;;amr Èk meh
3 20 2 10
+ 2 30 + 1 12
5 50 3 22

55
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 4 ;;amr ;Srfha ;;amr .Kka tl;= lruq'
;;amr 45 + ;;amr 30 = ;;amr 75
ñks;a;= ;;amr ;;amr 75 = ;;amr 60 + ;;amr 15
3 45 ;;amr 60 = ñks;;a = 1 neúka"
+5 30 ;;amr 75 = ñks;;
a = 1 + ;;amr 15
9 15 ;;amr 15 ;;amr ;Srfha ,shuq'
ñks;; a = 1" ñks;;a = ;Srhg f.k f.dia"
ñks;; a = ;Srfha ñks;; a = .Kka tl;= lruq'
1 + 3 + 5 = 9 tkï" ñks;; a = 9ls'
ms<;
s r
= ñks;; a = 9 hs ;;amr 15 hs'
meh ;Srfha meh .Kka tl;= lruq'
ksoiqk 5
meh 20 + meh 15 = meh 35
Èk meh meh 35 = meh 24 + meh 11
2 20 meh 24 = Èk 1la neúka"
+ 3 15 meh 35 = Èk 1 + meh 11
6 11 meh 11 meh ;Srfha ,shuq' Èk 1" Èk ;Srhg f.k
f.dia" tu ;Srfha Èk .Kka tl;= lruq'
1 + 2 + 3 = 6 tkï" Èk 6 hs'
ms<;
s r
= Èk 6 hs meh 11 hs'

4'9 wNHdih

^1& ^2& ^3&

ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr
2 15 4 10 3 10
+3 20 +2 30 +4 50

^4& ^5& ^6&

ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr meh ñks;a;=
3 25 4 20 1 15
+2 50 +3 45 +2 30

56
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
^7& ^8& ^9&
meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;=
3 15 4 10 3 45
+4 45 +3 +2 25
50

^10& ^11& ^12&

Èk meh Èk meh Èk meh
10 10 10 12 8 15
+ 2 8 + 2 12 +3 20

(13) óg¾ 400 « 4 iydh Èùu ;r.hl §"

ñks;a;= ;;amr
m<uqjk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 1 08
fojk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 1 02
;=kajk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 0 52
y;rjk lS%vlhd .;a ld,h = 0 48
iydh Èùu ;r.h ksud lsÍug l%Svlhka y;r fokdg u .; jQ
uq¿ ld,h fidhkak'

(14) .‚;h I m%Yak m;%h i|yd ld,h = ñks;a;= 45

úfõl ld,h = ñks;a;= 15
.‚;h II m%Yak m;%h i|yd ld,h = meh 2 ñks;a;= 30
.‚;h I m%Yak m;%h fm'j' 8'00g wdrïN lf<a kï" .‚;h II
m%Yak m;%h wjika lsÍug kshñ; jQ fõ,dj lSh o@

(15) ñksfila .uklska fldgila nia r:fhka .sh w;r tA i|yd meh
1 hs' ñks;a;= 45la .;úh' .ufka b;sß fldgi mhska hEu i|yd
ñks;a;= 35la .; jQfha kï, Tyqg .ukg .; jQ uq¿ ld,h fidhkak'

57
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
4'7 ld,h iïnkaO wvq lsÍï ;jÿrg;a

ksoiqk 1 ksoiqk 2
ñks;a;= ;;amr meh ñks;a;=
4 30 5 35
- 2 15 - 2 25
2 15 3 10

ksoiqk 3 ;;amr 15ka ;;amr 40la wvq lsÍug fkdyels ksid"

ñks;a;= 3ka ñks;a;= 1la" tkï ;;amr 60la ;;amr ;Srhg
ñks;a;= ;;amr f.k huq'
3 15 túg" ;;amr 60 + ;;amr 15 = ;;amr 75
- 1 40 ;;amr 75 - ;;amr 40 = ;;amr 35
1 35 ;;amr 35" ;;amr ;Srfha ,shuq'
ñks;; a = ;Srfha b;sß ñks;;
a = 2ka 1la wvq l< úg" ñks;;
a = 1ls'
ms<s;=r ñks;a;= 1 hs ;;amr 35 hs'

ksoiqk 4 ñks;a;= 15ka ñks;a;= 45la wvq lsÍug fkdyels ksid

meh 4ka meh 1la tkï ñks;a;= 60la" ñks;a;= ;Srhg
meh ñks;a;= f.k huq'
4 15 túg" ñks;a;= 60 + ñks;a;= 15 = ñks;a;= 75ls'
- 1 45 ñks;a;= 75 – ñks;a;= 45 = ñks;a;= 30
2 30 ñks;a;= 30" ñks;a;= ;Srfha ,shuq'
oeka meh ;Srfha b;sß meh 3ka 1la wvq l< úg" meh 2ls'
ms<s;=r meh 2 hs ñks;a;= 30 hs'

4'10 wNHdih
^1& ^2& ^3&
ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr ñks;a;= ;;amr
5 40 20 55 10 30
- 3 10 - 10 45 - 5 50

58
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) ksu,ag mdif,a isg mdmeÈfhka ksjig
meñŒug ñks;a;= 25 hs ;;amr 30la .; ù
;sì‚' Tyq meñfKk w;ru`. § mdmeÈh
kj;d fjf<|i,lg f.dia" tys ñks;a;=
3hs ;;amr 45la .; lf<a h' Tyq mdmeÈh
meof.k meñKs ld,h fidhkak'
(5) m'j' 7'00 isg m'j' 7'30 olajd ld,h ;=< úldYkh jk rEmjdyskS
jevigykl § fjf<| oekaùï m%pdrh i|yd fjka lrk ,o ld,h
ñks;a;= 12 hs ;;amr 40ls' rEmjdyskS jevigyk fmkajQ ld,h
fidhkak'
^6& ^7& ^8&
meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;= meh ñks;a;=
5 35 6 12 12 18
- 2 25 - 3 20 - 10 20

(9) YS>%.dó ÿïßhla ud;r isg fld<U olajd

hEug meh 2 ñks;a;= 40la .; lf<a h'
tu fõ,djg u ms g ;a jQ nia ßhlg
ud;r is g fld<U ola j d hEug meh 3 hs
ñks ; a ; = 20la .; úh'
(i) u.s h l= nifha .uka fkdlr" ÿïßfha .uka lf<a kï" Tyq g
b;s ß jk ld,h ñks;a;= lSh o@
(ii) ÿïßh iy nia r:h ud;ßka fm'j' 9'45g tljr ms g ;a jQ f ha
kï ÿïßh yd nia r :h fld<Ug meñ‚ fõ,djka fudkjd o@
ñY% wNHdih

(1) Odjk ;r.hl § ch.%yKh l< lS%vlhd tA i|yd .; l< ld,h

ñks;a;= 3 hs ;;amr 52ls' fojk ia:dkh ,enQ l%Svlhd úiska ñks;a;=
4 hs ;;amr 15l § ;r.h wjika lrk ,È' fojk ia:dkh ,enQ
l%Svlhd ;r.h wjika lf<a m%:u ia:dkh ÈkQ l%Svlhd ;r.h
wjika lr ;;amr lShlg miq j o@
59
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) k.r w;r isÿ jQ .=jka .ukaj, § .=jkahdkd msg;a jQ fõ,dj iy
meñ‚ fõ,dj Y%S ,xldfõ fõ,dfjka my; j.=fõ olajd we;' tla
tla .ukg .; jQ ld,h fidhkak'

msg;a jQ meñ‚ .ukg .;jQ

k.r
fõ,dj fõ,dj ld,h
fld<U - fpkakdhs 15:00 16:10 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
vqndhs - fld<U 19:25 23:25 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fld<U - nexfldla 19:20 21:50 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
udf,a - fld<U 01:45 02:35 '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

(3) fm'j' 10'45g msg;a jQ nia r:hlg wêfõ.S

ud¾.fhka .d,a, isg uyr.ug hEug .;
jk ld,h meh 1 ñks;a;= 22la úh' tA
fudfydf;a u .d,af,ka idudkH ud¾.fha
hdug msg;a jQ nia r:hlg uyr.ug <Õd ùug" wêfõ.S ud¾.fha
.uka .;a nia r:hg jvd ñks;a;= 54la .; úh' idudkH ud¾.fha nia
r:hls k a .uka .ka k d u.s h l= uyr.ug meñ‚ fõ,dj l=u la o@

idrdxYh
² wka;¾cd;sl iïu; wdldrhg meh 24 Trf,daiqfjka fõ,dj ,shkafka
my; wdldrhg hs'
meh : ñks;a;= : ;;amr
fuys §" meh" ñks;;a = iy ;;amr .Kk b,lalï follska oelaúh hq;= h'
² Èkh iïu; wdldrhg ,shkafka my; wdldrhghs'
wjqreÿ - udih - Èkh
yyyy - mm - dd
fuys § j¾Ih b,lalï y;rlska o udih b,lalï follska yd Èkh
b,lalï follska o olajkq ,efí'
² ;;amr" ñks;a;=" meh iy Èk ld,h uekSug Ndú; lrk tAll lsysmhla
fõ' tAjd w;r my; iïnkaO;d we;'
;;amr 60 = ñks;a;= 1
ñks;a;= 60 = meh 1
meh 24 = Èk 1

60
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
5 ixLHd f¾Ldj
fuu mdvu wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng"
²²ixLHd²f¾Ldj y÷kd .ekSug"
²²RK ixLHd y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ksÅ, y÷kd .ekSug"
²²ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ksÅ, ksrEmKh lsÍug iy
²²ksÅ, ixikaokh lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí'

5'1 ixLHd f¾Ldj u; mQ¾K ixLHd i,l=Kq lsÍu

úúO lghq;=j, § wm Ndú; lrk ñkqï WmlrKj, ixLHd i,l=Kq
lr we;' tfia ixLHd weiqfrka l%udxlkh lr we;s fldaÿjla my;
oelafõ'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm

rEmfha olajd we;s fldaÿj yd .‚; WmlrK fmÜáfha we;s fldaÿj

w;r iudk;d ;sfí oe hs ksÍlaIKh lr n,kak'
tjeks ksÍlaIKhlska fidhd .;a ,laIK lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
(i) fldaÿjl" uekSfï odr yß fl<ska ksujd we;'
(ii) 0, 1, 2, 3, ... wdÈ jYfhka mQ¾K ixLHd" iudk mr;rhla iys; j
ìkaÿfõ isg l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ,l=Kq lr we;'

nr uekSfï WmlrKhla jk ÿkq ;rdÈfhys

o øj uekSug Ndú; lrk ñkqï irdfjys o
fujeks wxlkhka oelsh yels h'

61
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ls%hdldrlu 1
mshjr 1 - fldaÿjlA Ndú;fhka rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ f¾Ldjla w¢kak'

mshjr 2 - th u; iudk mr;r iys; j" ia:dk lsysmhla ,l=Kq lrkak'

mshjr 3 - tu ia:dk 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ... wdÈ jYfhka l%ufhka ol=Kq foig

w.h jeäjk fia" ixLHd u.ska kï lrkak'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 4 - f¾Ldfõ ol=Kq wka;fhys B ysila fhdokak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 ²²²²²²²²

² ixLHd ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd fhdod .kakd fujeks f¾Ldjla

ixLHd f¾Ldj hk kñka y÷kajkq ,efí'
² ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ol=Kq mi fl<jrg B ysila fhdohs'
² ixLHd f¾Ldjl" ixLHdj, w.h ol=Kq foig l%ufhka jeä fõ'
² by;² ixLHd f¾Ldj u; tl <Õ msysá mQ¾K ixLHd folla w;r
fjki 1ls' fjki tlla jQ mQ¾K ixLHd folla wkqhd; ^tl <`.
msysá& mQ¾K ixLHd folla hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'
² ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka hï hï foaj,aj, m%udKd;aul f;dr;=re
ksrEmKh l< yels fõ'
² ixLHd f¾Ldjl" ixLHdjla i,l=Kq lr fmkajkafka my; oelafjk
wdldrhg fõ'
1 2 3 4 5
by; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ" 2 iy 4 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lr we;'

ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" hï m%udKd;aul f;dr;=rla ksrEmKh l<

wjia:djlg WodyrKhla i,ld n,uq'
yh jk fY%a‚fha isiqfjla" ;u mdi,a WmlrK fmÜáfha jQ ulkfhys
È. 4 cm nj o mekaif,ys È. 10 cm nj o mEfkys È. 14 cm f,i
uek .kshs' tu ixLHd;aul w.hka ;=k" ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ,l=Kq l<
wdldrh rEmfha oelafõ'
62
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ulkfha È. mekaif,a È. mEfkys È.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

ta wkqj" my; oelafjk m%ldY i;H nj meyeÈ,s j fmfka'

(i) mEfkys È." mekaif,a È.g jvd jeä h'
(ii) ulkfha È." mEfkys È.g jvd wvq h'
(iii) mekaif,a È." ulkfha È.g jvd tAll 6lska jeä h'

ksoiqk 1
k.r lsysmhl WIaK;ajh fi,aishia wxYlj,ska oelaùu i|yd fhdod
.; yels ixLHd f¾Ldjla my; oelafõ'

0 8 16 24

^i& A k.rfha WIaK;ajh 12 oCls'

^ii& B k.rfha WIaK;ajh 8 oCls'
^iii& C k.rfha WIaK;ajh 4 oCls'
^iv& D k.rfha WIaK;ajh 10 oCls'
fuu tla tla k.rfha WIaK;ajh by; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq
lrkak'
B k.rfha WIaK;ajh D k.rfha WIaK;ajh

0 8 16 24
A k.rfha WIaK;ajh
C k.rfha WIaK;ajh

5'1 wNHdih
(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj msgm;a lr .kak' th u; 1" 2 iy 5 hk
ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(2) my; olajd we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shd
olajkak'
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

63
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldfõ we;s úfYaI ,laIK folla ,shd olajkak'
(4) ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; 4" 7 iy 2 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
(5) ksu,af.a jhi wjqreÿ 8ls' Tyqf.a ke.‚hf.a jhi wjqreÿ 5ls' ixLHd
f¾Ldj u; fuu w.hka i,l=Kq lr olajkak'
(6) my; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shkak'

10 15 20 25
(7) my; ixLHd f¾Ldfõ .S;df.a yd ksu,af.a oeka jhi wjqreÿj,ska
olajd we;'
ksu,af.a jhi

0 5 10 15 20
.S;df.a jhi
(i) .S;d yd ksu,a w;=ßka jeäuy,a jkafka ljqreka o@
(ii) .S;df.a oeka jhi lSh o@
(iii) .S;df.a jhi wjqreÿ 10 jk úg ksu,af.a jhi lSh o@

5'2 RK ixLHd

ls%hdldrlu 2
mshjr 1 - my; rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ ixLHd f¾Ldjla w¢kak'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 2 - fldaÿjla Ndú;fhka f¾Ldj ìkaÿfjka jï mig È.= lr
my; rEmfha wdldrh ,nd.kak'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 3 - ixLHd f¾Ldfjys olajd we;s mr;r fkdfjkia jk mßÈ" 0ka
jï mig o iudk mr;r ,efnk fia ia:dk ,l=Kq lrkak'

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
mshjr 4 - ìkaÿfõ isg jï mig tla mr;rhla .uka l< úg yuq jk
ia:dkhg wod< ixLHdjg RK tl he hs lshkq ,efí' th
-1 f,i ixfla;j;a flf¾' zz-ZZ i,l=Kg" RK ,l=K
he hs lshkq ,efí'

-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

64
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
fuys §" ìkaÿfõ isg 1g we;s ÿr;a ìkaÿfõ isg -1g we;s ÿr;a tlsfklg
iudk h' fuf,i u ìkaÿfõ isg jï mig mr;r folla .uka l< úg
yuq jk ,laIHhg wod< ixLHdjg RK fol hehs lshkq ,efí' th -2
f,i ixfla;j;a flf¾' fuys§ o ìkaÿfõ isg 2g;a ìkaÿfõ isg - 2g;a
we;s mr;rh iudk fõ'

fuf,i u ìkaÿfõ isg jï w;g .uka lrk úg ,efnk wfkl=;a

ia:dk ms<sfj<ska - 3" - 4" - 5 f,i i,l=Kq lrkak'

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

igyk

RK ixLHd we;=<;a ixLHd f¾Ldfjys o ol=Kq mi fl<jrg B

ysila fhdokq ,efí'
kuq;a ixLHd f¾Ldfjys" fomig u B ysia fhdok wjia:d o oelsh
yels h' ;j o" B ysij,aa fomig u fkdfhfok wjia:d o oelsh
yels h'
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka ol=Kq w; we;s mQ¾K ixLHd Ok ksÅ,
f,i ye¢kafõ' tkï" Ok ksÅ, 1" 2" 3" 4" ''' wdÈ jYfhka fõ' ixLHd
w.g fhdod we;s ;s;a ;=fkka ixLHd fuf,i ;jÿrg;a ;sfnk nj
ksrEmKh lr we;'
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka jïmi we;s ixLHd RK ixLHd fõ'
ìkaÿfjka jï mi we;s RK mQ¾K ixLHd RK ksÅ, f,i ye¢kafõ'
tkï" RK ksÅ, -1" -2" -3" ''' wdÈ jYfhka fõ' tu RK ksÅ, fufia
o olajkq ,efí' '''" -3" -2" -1'
ìkaÿj" Ok fyda RK fyda fkdjk ixLHdjls'

by;ska oelajQ Ok ksÅ, o" RK ksÅ, o" ìkaÿj o we;=<;a ixLHd

ish,a, ksÅ, kñka ye¢kafõ'
tkï" '''" -3" -2" -1" 0" 1" 2" 3" ''' ksÅ, fõ'

65
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
RK ixLHd Ndú; lrk wjia:d fndfyda we;' tjeks tla wjia:djla
my; úia;r flf¾'
WIaK;ajh" fi,aishia wxYl ìkaÿjg jvd my< nisk ia:dk o f,dalfha
;sfí' lsishï Èkl §" f,dalfha rgj,a lsysmhl m%Odk k.r myl
Wmßu yd wju WIaK;ajh my; i|yka j.=fõ oelafõ'
k.rh ksõfhda¾la meÍish fgdalsfhda fudialõ mSlsx
WIaK;ajh
Wmßu w.h 15 oC 18 oC 0 oC -2 oC 2 oC
wju w.h -2 oC -5 oC -12 oC -10 oC -8 oC
0 oC f,i .kafka hï iïu; WIaK;ajhls' fuu j.=fjys -2 oC, -5 oC,
-10 oC jeks WIaK;aj oelaùfï §" ixLHdjg bÈßfhka RK ,l=K
fhdod we;af;a" tu w.h by; iïu; WIaK;ajhg jvd wvq WIaK;ajhla
nj oelaùug h'
fuf,i u" WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd Ndú; lrkq ,nk
WIaK;ajudkj, o 0 oC oelafjk WIaK;ajhg jvd wvq
WIaK;aj oelaùug" ixLHdjg bÈßfhka RK ,l=K Ndú;
lr we;'

ksoiqk 1

tla;rd Èkl" f,dalfha k.r lsysmhl jQ wju WIaK;aj" fi,aishia

wxYlj,ska fufia úh'
fudialõ -12 oC" fgdalsfhda 3 oC" mSlsx - 4 oC iy ,kavka -3 oC
iqÿiq ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; fuu w.hka ksrEmKh lrkak'

-12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

66
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
5'2 wNHdih

(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldfõ i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd ,shkak'

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

(2) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldfõ P, Q iy R u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.hka

,shd olajkak'
R P Q
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
P u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
Q u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
R u.ska ksrEmKh jk w.h = ............................
(3) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj msgm;a lrf.k 4, 1 iy -3 ixLHd th
u; i,l=Kq lrkak'
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

(4) -5 isg 5 olajd ksÅ, oelafjk ixLHd f¾Ldjla we|" ta u; 4" -4

iy -1 ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak' tu ia:dk ms<sfj<ska A, B iy C f,i
kï lrkak'

5'3 ksÅ, ixikaokh

my iy fol ixLHd i,ld n,uq' folg jvd my úYd, jk nj wms
oksuq' th —my" folg jvd úYd, fõ˜ f,i ,shd oelaúh yels h' th
my; wdldrhg ixfla; u.ska flá lr oelaúh yels h'
5>2
fuys" 5 iy 2 w;rg —jvd úYd, fõ˜ hkak woyia jk — >˜ ixfla;h
fhdod we;'
fuf,i u 9" 4g jvd úYd, fõ hkak" 9 > 4 f,i ,súh yels h'
—fol" myg jvd l=vd fõ˜ hkak ixfla; u.ska 2 < 5 f,i oelaúh
yels h'
— < ˜ ixfla;h u.ska —jvd l=vd fõ˜ hkak ksrEmKh fõ'
fï wkqj" 4" 9g jvd l=vd fõ hkak 4 < 9 f,i ixfla;d;aul j ,shkq
,efí'

67
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksÅ, folla ixikaokh lsÍfï §" fuu ixfla; fhdod .; hq;af;a
my; oelafjk mßÈ h'

úYd, ksÅ,h > l=vd ksÅ,h

l=vd ksÅ,h < úYd, ksÅ,h

— > ˜, — < ˜ hk ixfla;j,g wiudk;d ,l=Kq hehs lshkq ,efí'

tu ixfla;j, ;=v fkrd we;af;a l=vd ixLHdj foig fõ'
by; i|yka jQ ixLHd ish,a," my; oelafjk ixLHd f¾Ldfõ ,l=Kq
lr we;'
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ixLHd f¾Ldfõ ixLHdjlg ol=Kq miska we;s ixLHdjla uq,a ixLHdjg

jvd úYd, fõ' fuu .=Kh uq¿ ixLHd f¾Ldjg u wod< fõ' tu
ksid" ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka ksÅ, ixikaokfha § fuu Í;sh
wkq.ukh l< yels h'

jvd úYd, jkafka 0 o -2 o hkak úuid n,uq'

ixLHd f¾Ldjla we|" tys 0 iy -2 ,l=Kq lruq'

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

ixLHd f¾Ldj u; 0 we;af;a -2 g ol=Kq misks' tuksid 0" -2g jvd

úYd, h'
0" -2g jvd úYd, fõ hkak" 0 > -2 f,i oelaúh yels h'
fuf,i u" jvd úYd, jkafka -5 o -1 o hkak úuid n,uq'
ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| th u; -5 yd -1 ,l=Kq lruq'

-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

ixLHd f¾Ldj u; -5g ol=Kq miska -1 we;'

tksid -1" -5 g jvd úYd,h' th -1 > - 5 f,i oelaúh yels h'

68
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ksoiqk 1
- 4 yd 1 hk ixLHd ixikaokh lrkak'
ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| th u; - 4 yd 1 ,l=Kq lruq'

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
ixLHd f¾Ldj u; 1 we;af;a - 4g ol=Kq misks' tu ksid my; ´kE u
wdldrhlg ksÅ, ixikaokh bÈßm;a l< yels h'
1" - 4g jvd úYd, fõ hkak 1 > - 4 f,i oelaúh yels h'
- 4" 1g jvd l=vd fõ hkak" - 4 < 1 f,i oelaúh yels h'

ksoiqk 2
6" 11 iy 13 hk ixLHdj,ska iqÿiq ixLHdj fhdod my; ysia;eka
mqrjkak'
(i) 11 < '''''' (ii) 11 > '''''' (iii) 11 = ''''''

(i) 11 <''''''
13 (ii) 11 >''''''
6 (iii) 11 =''''''
11

5'3 wNHdih
(1) wiudk;d ,l=Kq Ndú;fhka ksÅ, folla ixikaokh lr" my;
olajd we;' tu tla tla wjia:dj" jpkfhka úia;r jk wdldrh
,shkak'
wiudk;dj jpkfhka úia;r jk wdldrh
(i) 6>2 yh" folg jvd úYd, fõ'
(ii) 25 > 12
(iii) 4>0
(iv) 0<7
(v) 15 < 50
(vi) 0 > -3
(vii) -1 > -8
(viii) - 6 < -2

69
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(2) my;" § we;s iïnkaO;d yß o jerÈ o hkak ,shkak'
(i) - 5 > -8 (ii) -3 < 2 (iii) - 7 > 0
(iv) - 2 = 2 (v) 8 < - 9 (vi) 6 < - 4

5'4 ksÅ, ixikaokh ;jÿrg;a

ksÅ, follg jvd ixikaokh lrk wjia:djl § o ixLHd f¾Ldj
myiqfjka fhdod .; yels h'
WodyrKhla f,i 3" 0" -1 iy - 3 hk ksÅ, i,luq' tu ksÅ, ixLHd
f¾Ldjla u; olajd ixikaokh lruq'

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys jï mi isg ol=Kq mig ixLHdjkays w.h l%ufhka
jeä fõ' tu ksid" by; ixLHd l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ,shQ úg -3"
-1" 0" 3 fõ'

fï wdldrhg ixLHd w.h jeä jk wdldrhg ,shd oelaùu" tu ixLHdj,

wdfrdayK mámdáh f,i ye¢kafõ'
by; ixLHd u" 3" 0" -1" -3 f,i" ixLHd l%ufhka w.h wvq jk fia ,shd
oelaúh yels h' fufia ixLHd" w.h wvq jk wdldrhg ,shd oelaùu" tu
ixLHdj, wjfrdayK mámdáh f,i ye¢kafõ'

5'4 wNHdih
(1) my; § we;s ixLHd f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq lr we;s ixLHd wdfrdayK
mámdáhg ,shd olajkak'
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(2) ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" § we;s ksÅ, wjfrdayK mámdáhg
,shkak'
-4" 0" -2" 2
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldj Ndú;fhka" § we;s ksÅ, wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd
olajkak'
0" -1" 2" - 4" - 2

70
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) <uhska ;sfokl=f.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska ksrEmKh l<" my; oelafjk
ixLHd f¾Ldj i,lkak' tA wkqj my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
ókdf.a jhi iS;df.a jhi rd‚f.a jhi

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(i) <uhskaf.a jhi wjfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd olajkak'

(ii) <uhskaf.a kï" jhi wvq jk ms<sfj<g ,shd olajkak'
(iii) jeäuy,a u <uhd ljqo@ nd, u <uhd ljqo@

(5) tla;rd Èkl f,dalfha k.r lsysmhl WIaK;ajhka my; oelafjk

ixLHd f¾Ldfõ fi,aishia wxYlj,ska i,l=Kq lr we;'
mSlsx fgdalsfhda kj È,a,s fu,an¾ka
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

wvq u WIaK;ajh ;snQ k.rh l=ula o@

(i)
jeä u WIaK;ajh ;snQ k.rh l=ula o@
(ii)
mSlsx k.rfha WIaK;ajh" kj È,a,sfha WIaK;ajhg jvd tAll
(iii)
lShla wvq o@
(iv) kjÈ,a,s yd mSlsx w;r o kj È,a,s yd fu,an¾ka w;r o
WIaK;ajj, fjki ie,l+ úg jeä fjki we;af;a l=uk k.r
fol w;r o@

5'5 wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r ksÅ,hka fiùu

iS;df.a jhi wjqreÿ 10ls' wehf.a u,a,S" udOjf.a jhi wjqreÿ 6ls' fuu
fofokd iu. fi,a,ï lsÍug wi, ksjil isák Y%shd ks;r meñfKa'
wehf.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska 6;a 10;a w;r w.hls' 6 iy 10 w;r jQ ksÅ,
jkafka 7" 8 iy 9 hk ksÅ, mu‚' tu ksid Y%shdf.a jhi wjqreÿj,ska
7la fyda 8la fyda 9la fyda úh yels h' ixLHd f¾Ldj u.ska o fuu úi÷u
myiqfjka ,nd .; yels h'

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
fuf,i" wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r we;s ksÅ, ixLHd f¾Ldj
u.ska myiqfjka y÷kd.; yels h'

71
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
ixLHd f¾Ldj weiqfrka my; § we;s ksÅ, hq., w;r mj;sk ksÅ,
ish,a, ,shd olajuq'
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

ksÅ, hq.,h tu ksÅ, w;r we;s ish¨ ksÅ,

(i) - 4 iy 1 - 3" - 2" - 1" 0

(ii) 0 iy - 5 - 1" - 2" - 3" - 4
(iii) - 1 iy - 5 - 2" - 3" - 4
(iv) - 3 iy 3 - 2" - 1" 0" 1" 2

5'5 wNHdih

(1) 2 iy 8 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'

(2) 5 iy 13 w;r we;s úYd,;u ksÅ,h yd l=vd;u ksÅ,h ,shd olajkak'
(3) - 4 iy 4 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'
(4) - 10 iy - 2 w;r mj;sk ksÅ, ish,a, ,shd olajkak'
(5) 2 iy - 5 w;r we;s ksÅ, ish,a, wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'

ñY% wNHdih

(1) iqÿiq ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; 5, -3 iy -2 i,l=Kq lr olajkak' tajd

wdfrdayK mámdáhg ,shkak'
P Q R
(2)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
ixLHd f¾Ldfjys P, Q iy R u.ska ksrEmKh jk ixLHd ,shd
olajkak'
(3) ixLHd f¾Ldjla weiqre lr .ksñka" my; § we;s w.hka wdfrdayK
ms<sfj<ska ,shd olajkak'
3" 0" -1" - 4

72
12
34
56 + 9
3 ÷ × 6
(4) ixLHd f¾Ldjl --6" --2" --1" 0" 1" 3" 5 hk ixLHd i,l=Kq lrkak'
^i& i,l=Kq l< ixLHdj,ska úYd,;u ksÅ,h l=ula o@ l=vd;u
ksÅ,h l=ula o@
^ii& < fyda > wiudk;d ,l=K ksjerÈ j fhdoñka my; ysia;eka
mqrjkak'
^a& - 6 ''''''' 3 ^b& - 2 ''''''' - 1 ^c& 0 ''''''' - 2
^d& 5 ''''''' - 1 ^e& - 1 ''''''' - 6
^iii& - 6 iy 5 w;r we;s ish¨u ksÅ, wjfrdayK mámdáhg ,shd
olajkak'
^iv& - 1 yd 1 w;r ksÅ, lShla ;sfí o@
^v& 0 yd 5 w;r RK ksÅ, ;sfí o@
^vi& - 6 yd 0 w;r Ok ksÅ, ;sfí o@
^vii& - 1 yd 1 w;r Ok fyda RK fyda ksÅ, ;sfí o@

idrdxYh
² iudk mr;r iys; j ol=Kq mig l%ufhka w.h jeä jk fia ixLHd
ksrEmKh lr we;s my; wdldrfha f¾Ldjla ixLHd f¾Ldj kï fõ'

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
² ixLHd f¾Ldfjys ìkaÿfjka jï mi we;s ixLHd RK ixLHd fõ'
²' ''" -3" -2" -1" 0" 1" 2" 3" '''' hk ixLHd ksÅ, fõ' ìkaÿj Ok fyda
RK fyda fkdjk ksÅ,hls'
² ksÅ, hq.,la ixikaokfha § jvd úYd, nj oelaùug —>˜ixfla;h
o jvd l=vd nj oelaùug —<˜ ixfla;h o fhdod .kS'
² ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; jQ ixLHd folla iei£fï §" iEu úg u tys
ol=K;a miska we;s ixLHdj ju;a miska we;s ixLHdjg jvd úYd, h'
² ixLHd f¾Ldj weiqfrka wkqhd; fkdjk ksÅ, folla w;r we;s
ksÅ, myiqfjka y÷kd.; yels h'

73