Projection of PointORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS OF POINTS TO DRAW PROJECTIONS OF ANY OBJECT, ONE MUST HAVE FOLLOWING INFORMATION A) OBJECT {WITH IT’S DESCRIPTION, WELL DEFINED.} B) OBSERVER { ALWAYS OBSERVING PERPENDICULAR TO RESP. REF.PLANE}. C) LOCATION OF OBJECT, { MEANS IT'S POSITION WITH REFFERENCE TO H.P. & V.P} TERMS ‘ABOVE’ & ‘BELOW’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO H.P. AND TERMS ‘INFRONT’ & ‘BEHIND’ WITH RESPECTIVE TO V.P FORM 4 QUADRANTS. OBJECTS CAN BE PLACED IN ANY ONE OF THESE 4 QUADRANTS. IT IS INTERESTING TO LEARN THE EFFECT ON THE POSITIONS OF VIEWS ( FV, TV) OF THE OBJECT WITH RESP. TO X-Y LINE, WHEN PLACED IN DIFFERENT ‘QUADRANTS.NOTATIONS Following notations should be followed while naming Different views in orthographic projections. TOP VIEW a ab FRONT VIEW a a’b’ SIDE VIEW Same system of notations should be followed incase numbers, like 1, 2, 3- are used.2 Quad, 487 Quad. Observer 3 Quad, 4" Quad. THIS QUADRANT PATTERN, IF OBSERVED ALONG X-Y LINE ( IN RED ARROW DIRECTION) WILL EXACTLY APPEAR AS SHOWN ON RIGHT SIDE AND HENCE, IT IS FURTHER USED TO UNDERSTAND ILLUSTRATION PROPERLLY.Projection of Point * A point may be situated, in space, in any one of the four quadrants formed by the two principal planes of projection or may lie in any one or both of them. «\ts projections are obtained by extending projectors perpendicular to the planes. * One of the planes is then rotated so that the first and third quadrants are opened out. The projections are shown on a flat surface in their respective positions either above or below or in xy.Projection of Point in different quadrants 1. The point is situated in the first quadrant. 2. The point is situated in the second quadrant. 3. The point is situated in the third quadrant. 4, The point is situated in the fourth quadrant.POINT A IN 187 QUADRANT HP qa ooserver A POINT AIN 32 QUADRANTPROJECTIONS OF A POINT IN FIRST QUADRANT. POINT A ABOVE HP POINT A ABOVE HP POINT AIN HP & INFRONT OF VP & IN VP & INFRONT OF VP For TV For TV PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION ORTHOGRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS SEMA E CAR, FV above xy, Fv above xy, Fvon xy, TV below xy. Ty anxy. Tv below xy. x x ~ x HPPROJECTION OF POINT IN 1ST QUADRANT Ifa point is above HP and in front of VP then it is situated in the 1% quadrant FV above xy, TV below xy. General Observations * When HP is rotated by 90° in clockwise direction then HP (TV) will move below xy line. * FV (a’) will be above the xy axis while TV (a) will be below the xy axis. * Vertical distance from HP will be visible in FV while horizontal distance from VP will be visible in Tv.PROJECTION OF POINT IN 2° QUADRANT Ifa point is above HP and behind VP then it is situated in the 2" quadrant FV above xy, For TV TV below xy. General Observations :- + When HP is rotated by 90° in clockwise direction then HP (TV) will move above xy line. VP (FV) and HP (TV) will overlap each other and will be above xy line. + FV (a’) and TV (a) both will be above the xy line. * Vertical distance from HP will be visible in FV while horizontal distance from ‘VP will be visible in TV.Ifa point is below HP and behind VP then PROJECTION OF POINT IN 3 QUADRANT situated in the 3 quadrant TWabove xy, Pay FV below xy. Le Me General Observations FV (a’) will be below the xy axis while TV (a) will be above the xy axis. Vertical distance from HP will be visible in FV while horizontal distance from VP will be visible in TV. Point is denoted by capital letter while its views are denoted by small letters.PROJECTION OF POINT IN 4** QUADRANT Ifa point is below HP and in front of VP then it is situated in the 4" quadrant For TV FV above xy, TV bolow xy. General Observations :- + When HP is rotated by 90° in clockwise direction then HP (TV) will move below xy line. VP (FV) and HP (TV) will overlap each other and will be below xy line. + FW (a’) and TV (a) both will be below the xy line. * Vertical distance from HP will be visible in FV while horizontal distance from ‘VP will be visible in TV.1. Draw the projections of the follwing points on the same ground line, keeping the projectors 25 mm apart. A, in the H.P, and 20 mm behind the V.P. 8, 40 mm above the H.P. and 25 mm in front of the V.P C,in the V.P. and 40 mm above the H.P. ‘D, 25 mm below the H.P. and 25 mm behind the V.P. E, 15 mm above the H.P. and 50 mm behind the V.P. F, 40 mm below the H.P, and 25 mm in front of the V.P. G, in both the H.P. and the V.P.Prob.2. A point P is 15 mm above the H.P. and 20 mm in front of the V.P. Another point Qis 25 mm behind the V.P. and 40 mm below the H.P. Draw projections of P and Q keeping the distance between their projectors equal to 90 mm. Draw the straight lines joining (i) their top views and (ii) their front views.Prob.3. The two points A and B are in the H.P. The point A is 30 mm in front of the V.P., while B is behind the V.P. The distance between their projectors is 75 mm and the line joining their top views makes an angle of 45° with xy. Find the distance of the point B from the V.P.; | Prob.4. A point A is situated in the first quadrant. Its shortest distance from the intersection point of HP | and VP is 60 mm and it is equidistant from the principal planes. Draw the projections of the point and determine its distance from the principal planes.