SOCIAL CONNECT & RESPONSIBILITY

Mini Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Submitted to
Visvesvaraya Technological
University
Belagavi, Karnataka 590014

Submitted by
Soumya
Hiremath(2KE23EC152)
Soumya Patil(2K23EC153)
Spandana
Sakari[2KE24EC408-T]
Tejashwini Ganagi
[2KE23EC174]
SUMIT B JADAGERIMATH[2KE23EC160]

Under the Guidance

Mrs. Hema soujanya
Department of Electronics and communication
engineering
KLE Institute of technology- Hubballi-580027
 K. L. E. SOCIETY’S
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE and ISO 21001:2018 Certified
Institute)
(ALL UG PROGRAMS ARE ACCREDITED BY NBA)
K.L.E.S Hubballi-27
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major Project work entitled “CHANDRAMAULESHWARA TEMPLE” is a bonafide
work carried out by SOUMYA H(2KE23EC152), SOUMYA P(2KE23EC153),SPANDANA
S[2KE24EC408-T] , TEJASHWINI GANAGI[2KE23EC174] , SUMIT JADAGERIMATH
[ 2KE23EC160] in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in III
Semester, Electronics and Communication Engineering, K.L.E. Institute of Technology under the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in
the department library. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in
respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

(Mrs. Hema Soujanya) (Dr. G. A. Bidkar) (Dr.Manu T M)

Guide HOD PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project report on “CHANDRAMULESHWARA TEMPLE ” is the outcome of

guidance, moral support and devotion bestowed on me throughout our work. For this we
acknowledge and express our profound sense of gratitude and thanks to our guide Mrs.Hema , our
acknowledge that we have learnt the importance of research and good presentation skills.

We feel deeply indebted to our HOD Dr. G. A. Bidkar for the constant support and
encouragement in all our endeavors. The academic ambience has helped us to excel in our
academics.

We take this opportunity offer our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal Dr. Manu T. M who is
always keen on enhancing the quality of teaching-learning and always a source of inspiration to
us. We would like to thank our Dean Academics Dr. Yerriswamy. T for his constant
encouragement for our academic progress.

We also express our sincere thanks to SUPRIYA P , class Coordinator, for providing us with
guidelines and helping us with evaluations.

Finally, We would like to thank all the Technical and Non-Technical staff of Electronics and
Communication department for their valuable help and support.
 ABSTRACT
The Chandramouleshwara Temple in Hubli, Karnataka, is a magnificent example of
Western Chalukyan architecture from the 12th century. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple
is notable for its unique dvikuta (dual-shrine) structure, with two sanctums each housing a
Shivalinga. Its architecture features detailed carvings, beautifully sculpted pillars, and
intricate stonework that depict mythological scenes, gods, goddesses, and ornamental
designs. The use of soapstone as the primary building material has helped preserve these
elaborate designs, highlighting the artistic skills of the Chalukyan craftsmen.

As a historical and cultural landmark, the Chandramouleshwara Temple holds significant

religious importance, attracting devotees, especially during festivals like Mahashivaratri. Its
architectural elements, such as the symmetrical layout and richly adorned doorways, also
influenced later developments in South Indian temple design. Protected by the
Archaeological Survey of India, the temple stands as a well-preserved testament to the
region's rich heritage, offering insights into the religious, cultural, and artistic achievements
of the Western Chalukyas.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No Contents Page No

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 IMPOTANCE 6-7

3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE 8-10

4 KEY FEATURES 11-14

5 CONCULSION 15
 CHANDRAMULESHWARA TEMPLE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

The Chandramouleshwara Temple, located in Hubli, Karnataka, is a historic Hindu temple

dedicated to Lord Shiva. Built in the 12th century by the Western Chalukya dynasty, the
temple is a fine example of Chalukyan architecture, known for its distinctive dual-shrine
(dvikuta) design. It features intricate carvings, beautifully crafted stone pillars, and
detailed sculptures depicting mythological themes and deities.

The temple's artistic and architectural excellence reflects the cultural richness of the
period, making it a significant heritage site in South India.The temple was constructed in
the Chalukyan architectural style, characterized by detailed carvings, symmetrical layouts,
and beautifully sculpted stone pillars. This period of Chalukyan rule marked a renaissance
in temple architecture, with innovations in design and ornamentation. The
Chandramouleshwara Temple's dual-shrine (dvikuta) structure, featuring two sanctums
dedicated to Lord Shiva, is one of its most unique aspects and reflects the architectural
creativity of that era.

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CHAPTER 2

IMPORTANCE
The Chandramouleshwara Temple holds great importance from
historical,architectural, and religious perspectives:

1. Architectural Significance

The temple is a fine example of Chalukyan architecture, showcasing the

craftsmanship and artistic prowess of the Western Chalukya dynasty (10th to 12th
centuries).

The intricate carvings, stone sculptures, and beautifully designed pillars reflect the
grandeur of the Kalyani Chalukyan style, making it an important monument for those
studying ancient Indian temple architecture.

The twin Shiva Lingas in the sanctum are a rare and unique feature, setting it apart
from other temples dedicated to Lord Shiva.

2. Historical Importance

The temple dates back to the 11th-12th century, a period when the Chalukya
dynastywas at its zenith. The Chandramouleshwara Temple provides insight into the
architectural innovations and religious practices of that era.

Its construction is linked to the reign of the Chalukya kings, and the temple stands asa
testament to the dynasty's contribution to temple architecture in southern India.

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3. Religious Importance
Dedicated to Lord Shiva as Chandramouleshwara, the temple remains a place ofworship for
devotees. The twin Shivalingas signify a deep spiritual and symbolic connection to Lord Shiva.

It is believed that the temple was named after the moon god, Chandra, who worshipped Lord
Shiva here, making it a site of both mythological and religiousreverence.

The temple attracts devotees during important Hindu festivals, particularly duringMaha Shivaratri,
a festival celebrated in honor of Lord Shiva.
4. Cultural Heritage

As a protected monument under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the templeis an important
part of India’s rich cultural heritage.

Its preservation is crucial for understanding the evolution of temple architecture andreligious
traditions in southern India.

Despite its relatively lesser-known status, the Chandramouleshwara Temple is a gemof historical,
cultural, and spiritual importance. It serves as a bridge connecting modern visitors to the grandeur of
India's medieval history.

5. History of that Place

he Chandramouleshwara Temple, located in Unkal, near Hubli in Karnataka, has a rich and ancient
history tied to the Western Chalukya Dynasty (also known as the Kalyani Chalukyas), which ruled large
parts of South India between the 10th and 12th centuries. The Chalukyas were great patrons of art,
architecture, and religion, and during their reign, they built many temples that showcased their unique
style andinnovations in temple construction.

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CHAPTER 3
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PLACE
1. Unkal as a Historic Site
Unkal is believed to have been an important location during the Chalukyan period. Itsproximity to
Hubli-Dharwad, which were key cultural and administrative centers during medieval times, made it a
significant spot for religious and civic life.

The region of North Karnataka has always been a hub of temple construction, especially during the
Chalukyan era, when several masterpieces of architecture werecreated, including the
Chandramouleshwara Temple in Unkal.

2. Temple Construction:

built in honor of Lord Shiva and follows the typical architectural style seen in manyChalukyan
temples like those at Pattadakal, Aihole, and Badami.

The twin Shiva Lingas in the temple indicate the importance of the deity Shiva in the Chalukya
dynasty’s religious practices and could reflect local legends or the personaldevotion of the rulers or
builders to Lord Shiva.

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3. Mythological Significance:

The temple is named after Chandramouleshwara, which means "the Lord with the Moon on his head,"
referring to a form of Lord Shiva. According to local legend, themoon god, Chandra, worshipped
Shiva here, which is why the temple was named after this aspect of Shiva.

The presence of twin Shivalingas in the temple might also have mythological connections, though
specific stories tied to the temple are not as well documented asin other famous temples.

4. Cultural and Artistic Flourishing:

The construction of the temple reflects the Chalukyan kings' patronage of the arts and their devotion
to Lord Shiva. The temple’s architecture exhibits the advanced stone-carving techniques of the
period, with intricate details seen in the columns, ceilings, and outer walls.The Chalukyas were
known for blending Dravidian and Nagara styles of architecture, creating a distinctive look that can
be observed in theChandramouleshwara Temple.

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5. Decline and Rediscovery:

Over the centuries, the temple fell into neglect, with parts of it becoming ruined due to natural wear and
the lack of consistent maintenance. However, it continues to be aplace of worship.

In more recent times, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has taken steps toprotect and
preserve the temple, recognizing its historical and architectural significance.

The Chandramouleshwara Temple stands today as a remnant of the Chalukya period’s architectural
grandeur and religious fervor. Its presence in Unkal highlightsthe town's importance as a religious
center during medieval times and continues todraw attention to the historical richness of the Hubli-
Dharwad region.

6. Architecture:

The Chandramouleshwara Temple at Unkal is a magnificent example of Western Chalukyan

architecture. Built during the 11th-12th century, this temple displays the hallmarks of the Kalyani
Chalukya style, characterized by its intricate stone carvings,artistic expression, and thoughtful
architectural layout.

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CHAPTER 4

KEY ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

1. Chalukyan Style
The temple follows the Western Chalukyan architecture, which is a blend of Dravidian (South Indian)
and Nagara (North Indian) styles. This fusion is evident inits intricate carvings and the temple’s
overall design, which balances sculptural beauty with structural strength.

Soft soapstone was commonly used in Chalukyan temples, allowing for the detailedand fine carvings
seen at Chandramouleshwara.

2. Twin Shivalingas

A unique feature of the temple is the presence of twin Shiva Lingas in the garbhagriha (sanctum
sanctorum). It is unusual to see two lingas housed in thesame sanctum, which makes the temple
stand out among other Shiva temples.

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3. Temple Layout

The Chandramouleshwara Temple is designed on a square plan, with a garbhagriha(sanctum),

an antarala (vestibule), and a navaranga (pillared hall). The temple features a well-proportioned
and symmetrical design.

The navaranga hall is supported by exquisitely carved pillars, which not only providestructural support
but also serve as canvases for artistic expression, featuring intricate motifs, deities, and mythological
figures.

4. Pillars and Carvings

The pillars inside the temple are intricately carved with floral motifs, mythical creatures, and deities,
which is a distinctive feature of Chalukyan architecture. Thesepillars are arranged symmetrically and add
to the aesthetic beauty of the temple interior.
The temple walls are adorned with sculptures of Hindu deities, especially representations of Lord Shiva,
Parvati, Nandi, and other mythological figure.

5. Sculptural Details

The exterior walls of the temple display ornate sculptural panels with depictions of various gods,
celestial beings, and scenes from Hindu mythology. These panels areframed within intricate geometric
patterns and floral designs.

The ceiling of the temple is also richly decorated, with concentric designs andcarvings of lotus
flowers, which is a common feature in Chalukyan temples.

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6. Roof and Shikhara (Vimana)

The original shikhara (tower over the sanctum) of the temple is believed to be missing or damaged over
time. However, based on typical Chalukyan temple design,the shikhara would likely have been stepped
or pyramid-shaped, characteristic of Chalukya temples like those at Pattadakal.The roof structure is
tiered, with each layer being finely carved with ornamentaldesigns.

7. Ornamentation and Symbolism

The temple’s decorative elements are not just aesthetic but also symbolic, representing various
aspects of Hindu cosmology, mythology, and spirituality.The presence of yalis (mythical lion-like
creatures) and makaras (mythical aquaticcreatures) carved into the temple architecture symbolizes
the protection and guardianship of the sacred space.

8. Mandapa (Hall)
The temple’s mandapa or main hall is spacious and features intricately carved pillarsthat support the
roof. The mandapa serves as a place for gatherings and religious rituals, with its architectural elements
enhancing the spiritual ambiance of the temple.

9. Special Attraction
The Chandramouleshwara Temple has several unique features that make it a specialattraction for devotees,
tourists, and architecture enthusiasts alike:

 Twin Shiva Lingas

The most remarkable feature of the temple is the presence of two Shiva Lingas in the sanctum sanctorum
(garbhagriha). This is a rare and unusual aspect not commonly seen in other Shiva temples. The twin
Lingas are believed to symbolize different aspects of Lord Shiva and add a distinct spiritual significance
to the temple

 Chalukyan Architecture
The temple is an excellent example of Western Chalukyan architecture, showcasingintricate carvings,
well-designed pillars, and beautifully sculpted motifs. The artistic brilliance of the temple’s pillars,
ceilings, and outer walls make it a treasure for thoseinterested in ancient temple architecture.

The combination of Dravidian and Nagara architectural styles, as seen in the temple's design and
ornamentation, is a key attraction for architectural historians.

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 Exquisite Carvings
The temple features detailed carvings of Hindu deities, mythical figures, and intricatefloral patterns, all
executed with a high degree of craftsmanship. The pillars, in particular, are adorned with delicate
carvings, adding to the aesthetic beauty of the temple.

Sculptures of Lord Shiva, Nandi (Shiva’s vehicle), and Parvati are prominent,alongside other
figures from Hindu mythology.

 Historical Significance
The temple dates back to the 11th-12th century, during the reign of the Western Chalukya dynasty. Its
historical value as a remnant of this era attracts historians andvisitors interested in the ancient history of
South India.

 Sanctified Atmosphere

Despite being centuries old, the temple continues to serve as an active place of worship. The peaceful
and serene atmosphere within the temple, combined with itsspiritual aura, makes it a sacred site for
devotees of Lord Shiva.

 Festivals and Religious Significance

The temple becomes a focal point for celebrations during major Hindu festivals, particularly Maha
Shivaratri, when devotees flock to offer prayers to Lord Shiva. Thefestival atmosphere adds vibrancy
and a heightened spiritual energy to the site.
 Proximity to Hubli
Located in Unkal, near Hubli, the temple is easily accessible to tourists and pilgrimsvisiting the
region. Its proximity to other historical and cultural landmarks in North Karnataka makes it a part of a
broader itinerary for those exploring the heritage of the region.

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CHAPTER 5
CONCULSION
The Chandramouleshwara Temple is a stunning example of the architectural brilliance of the Western
Chalukyas. The temple’s detailed stonework, unique twin Shivalingas, and symmetrical layout are a
testament to the dynasty's contribution to South Indian temple architecture. Despite its current partial
ruins, the temple remainsa significant symbol of India’s rich heritage and the artistic legacy of the
Chalukya dynasty..

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