New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

Basic Knowledge of Functions

4
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 4A (P.4.1) 10. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
1. ∵ V is a function of d. corresponding value of y.
∴ d is the independent variable and V is the ∴ y is a function of x.
dependent variable.
11. (a) (i) When x = 1, y = −2(1) + 7 = 5;
2. ∵ C is a function of w.
when x = 2, y = −2(2) + 7 = 3;
∴ w is the independent variable and C is the
when x = 3, y = −2(3) + 7 = 1;
dependent variable.
when x = 4, y = −2(4) + 7 = −1, etc.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
3. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
corresponding value of y.
corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (a)(i), y is a function of x.
∴ y is a function of x.
(b) (i) When x = 1, y = 12 + 8 = 9;
when x = 2, y = 22 + 8 = 12;
4. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding
when x = 3, y = 32 + 8 = 17;
value of y (−2, −1 and 2).
when x = 4, y = 42 + 8 = 24, etc.
∴ y is not a function of x.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
corresponding value of y.
5. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
(ii) From (b)(i), y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
(c) (i) When x = 1, y = 3 − 5(1)2 = −2;
∴ y is a function of x.
when x = 2, y = 3 − 5(2)2 = −17;
when x = 3, y = 3 − 5(3)2 = −42;
6. For each value of x, there is one (and only one)
when x = 4, y = 3 − 5(4)2 = −77, etc.
corresponding value of y.
∴ For each value of x, there is one
∴ y is a function of x.
corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (c)(i), y is a function of x.
7. (a) For each value of x, there is one
7
corresponding value of y. (d) (i) When x = 1, y = − = −7;
1
(b) For each value of x, there is one (and only 7
when x = 2, y = − ;
one) corresponding value of y. 2
7
∴ y is a function of x. when x = 3, y = − ;
3
7
8. For each value of x, there is one (and only one) when x = 4, y = − , etc.
4
corresponding value of y. ∴ For each value of x (where x  0),
∴ y is a function of x. there is one corresponding value of y.
(ii) From (d)(i), y is a function of x.
9. When x = 0, there is more than one corresponding
value of y (2 and 3).
∴ y is a not a function of x.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

(e) (i) When x = 1, y2 = 3(1) (b) There exists a vertical line which intersects
2
y =3 the graph at two points.
y = 3 y
When x = 2, y2 = 3(2)
y2 = 6
y = 6 O
x

When x = 3, y2 = 3(3)
y2 = 9
y = 3 ∴ y is not a function of x.
2
When x = 4, y = 3(4) (c) There exists a vertical line which intersects
y2 = 12 the graph at three points.
y =  12 y


∴ For each value of x (where x > 0),
there are two corresponding values x
O
of y.
(ii) From (e)(i), y is a not a function of x. ∴ y is not a function of x.
(f) (i) When x = 1, y = 2(1) = 2 ; (d) There does not exist any vertical line which
when x = 2, y = 2( 2) = 2; intersects the graph at more than one point.
when x = 3, y = 2(3) = 6 ; y

when x = 4, y = 2( 4) = 8 , etc.
∴ For each value of x (where x > 0),
there is one corresponding value of y. x
O
(ii) From (f)(i), y is a function of x.

∴ y is a function of x.
12. (a) There does not exist any vertical line which
intersects the graph at more than one point.
y

x
O

∴ y is a function of x.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

13. (a) When x = 1, y = 6 − 1 = 5. 16. (a) When x = −3, y = 0.

When x = 2, y = 6 − 2 = 4. When x = −2, y = 1.
When x = 3, y = 6 − 3 = 3. When x = −1, y = 2.
When x = 4, y = 6 − 4 = 2. When x = 0, y = 3.
When x = 5, y = 6 − 5 = 1. ∴ x −3 −2 −1 0
∴ x 1 2 3 4 5 y 0 1 2 3
y 5 4 3 2 1 (b) ∵ (−3 , 0) lies on the graph.
y ∴ 0 = −m(−3) + 3
(b)
3m = −3
5
m = −1
4 17. (a) When x = 0, y = −3.
When x = 1, y = −1.
3
When x = 2, y = −1.
2 When x = 3, y = −3.
When x = 4, y = −7.
1 ∴ x 0 1 2 3 4

x y −3 −1 −1 −3 −7
0
1 2 3 4 5 (b) ∵ (1 , –1) lies on the graph.
∴ −1 = −12 – p(1) – 3

14. From the graph, −1 = −p – 4

(a) when x = 0, y = −1 p = −3

(b) when x = 2, y = −2 18. ∵ (1 , −5) lies on the graph.

(c) when y = 0, x = −2 ∴ −5 = a(1)2 – 1 – 5
a=1
15. (a) When x = 1, y = 4 − 3(1) = 1.
When x = 2, y = 4 − 3(2) = −2. 19. (a) When x = −4, y = 2.
When x = 3, y = 4 − 3(3) = −5. ∴ 2 = k(−4) – 6

When x = 4, y = 4 − 3(4) = −8. 4k = −8

When x = 5, y = 4 − 3(5) = −11. k = −2
∴ x 1 2 3 4 5 (b) From (a), y = –2x – 6.
When x = 4,
y 1 −2 −5 −8 −11
y = −2(4) – 6
(b) From (a), we observe that for each value of x,
= −14
there is one (and only one) corresponding
(c) When y = 11,
value of y.
11 = −2x – 6
∴ y is a function of x.
2x = −17
17
x= −
2

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

20. (a) When x = −3, y = 11. 22. (a) When h = 0.8, T = 19.8.
11 = (−3)2 + r(−3) – 4 19.8 = a – 6.5(0.8)
3r = −6 a = 25
r = −2 (b) From (a), T = 25 – 6.5h.
(b) From (a), y = x2 – 2x – 4. When h = 3,

When x = 2, T = 25 – 6.5(3)

y = 22 – 2(2) – 4 = 5.5
∴ When the height above sea level is 3 km,
= –4
(c) When y = 20, the temperature is 5.5C.

20 = x2 – 2x – 4 (c) When T = 0,

x2 – 2x – 24 = 0 0 = 25 – 6.5h
6.5h = 25
(x + 4)(x – 6) = 0 50
h=
x = –4 or 6 13
<4
21. (a) When n = 1 000, C = 203. ∴ When the height above sea level is
203 = 3 + k(1 000) less than 4 km, it is possible that the
1 000k = 200 corresponding temperature is exactly 0C.
k = 0.2
(b) From (a), C = 3 + 0.2n. 23. (a) (i) When x = −2, y = 2(−2) − 3 = −7.
When n = 6 500, When x = −1, y = 2(−1) − 3 = −5.
C = 3 + 0.2(6 500) When x = 2, y = 2(2) − 3 = 1.
= 1 303 When x = 3, y = 2(3) − 3 = 3.
∴ The cost of copying a document with When x = 5, y = 2(5) − 3 = 7.
6 500 pages is $1 303. ∴ x −2 −1 2 3 5
(c) When C = 725.5, y −7 −5 1 3 7
725.5 = 3 + 0.2n (ii) From (a)(i), we observe that for each
0.2n = 722.5 value of x, there is one (and only one)
n = 3 612.5 corresponding value of y.
∵ n must be an integer. ∴ y is a function of x.
∴ The cost of copying a document cannot
be exactly $725.5.
∴ The claim is disagreed.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 4A

(b) (i) y (ii) From the graph in (b)(i),

8
when y = 14, x = 4.
∴ The required number of days is 4.
6
25. (a) From the graph, when x = 0, y = 50.
4 ∴ 50 = T + P(0)
T = 50
2
(b) y
x
–2 0 2 4 6 1 500

–2
1 250

–4
1 000

–6
750

–8
500

(ii) From the graph in (b)(i), when x = 1, 250

y = −1
x
0
5 10 15 20
24. (a) (i) When x = 0, y = 28 – 3.5(0) = 28.
From the graph, when x = 10,
When x = 1, y = 28 – 3.5(1) = 24.5.
y = 800
When x = 3, y = 28 – 3.5(3) = 17.5.
From (a), y = 50 + Px.
When x = 6, y = 28 – 3.5(6) = 7.
Substitute x = 10 and y = 800 into
∴ x 0 1 3 6
y = 50 + Px.
y 28 24.5 17.5 7
800 = 50 + P(10)
(ii) For each value of x, there is one (and
10P = 750
only one) corresponding value of y.
P = 75
∴ y is a function of x.
(c) From (a) and (b), y = 50 + 75x.
(b) (i) y
When y = 1 850,
30
1 850 = 50 + 75x
25 1 800 = 75x
20 x = 24
∴ The number of dresses that she ordered
15
is 24.
10

x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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