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class10pHexpt

The experiment aims to determine the pH of various solutions using pH paper, including dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ethanoic acid, lemon juice, water, and sodium bicarbonate. The results indicate that dilute HCl, ethanoic acid, and lemon juice are acidic (pH < 7), while dilute NaOH and sodium bicarbonate are basic (pH > 7), and water is neutral (pH = 7). Precautions include using standard color charts and maintaining cleanliness while handling pH paper.

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30 views4 pages

class10pHexpt

The experiment aims to determine the pH of various solutions using pH paper, including dilute hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ethanoic acid, lemon juice, water, and sodium bicarbonate. The results indicate that dilute HCl, ethanoic acid, and lemon juice are acidic (pH < 7), while dilute NaOH and sodium bicarbonate are basic (pH > 7), and water is neutral (pH = 7). Precautions include using standard color charts and maintaining cleanliness while handling pH paper.

Uploaded by

chess240310
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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[ EXPERIMENT - 1

ou.JECTIVE

To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper/universal lndltator:


(a) Dilute Hydrochloric Acid
(b) Dilute NaOH solution

(c) Dilute EthanoicAcid solution

I (d) Lemonjuice

I (e) Water

(f) Dilute Sodium Bicarbonate solution

I l\fATERIAL REQUIRED

glass.
Test tubes, test tube stand, sample of the solution tested above, pH paper (universal), glass rod, and watch

THEORY

All chemical compounds present around us can be categorised as acidic, basic, or neutral The nature of
compounds can be determined using pH values oftheir aqueous solutions.
pH = -log [H/O]

1
= log [HJ+O]

Where [H3 +OJ= molar concentration ofhydronium ions in solution


RangeofpHscale = Oto 14
pH of neutral solution = 7
[H/O] [Oir] = 10-14
forneutral solution [Oir] = [H/O]
hence [H/O] = 10-1
pH = -log [H/O]
pH = -log I 0-1
=7
Forbasicsolutioninwhich [Oir] >> [H/O]
pH ofthe solution > 7
For acidic solution in which [H/O] >> [OH"]
pH of the solution < 7

llii:StCHi,,l¼iMiiifM.._
Nr rat
2 3 4 5 61' 7_ 8 fl

Wcukly Acidic Weakly Busic

pH of a solution is measured uccurntcly using a pH meter. An approximate value of pH can be obtained b~


using universal indicator.
Universal indicator is prepared by mixing a number of common indicators together, so that the resulting
mixture can w1dergo a series of colour change over a wider pH range.
A pH paper is then o~tained by dipping a strip of fine quality filter paper in the universal indicator solution
and then drying it. Colourofuniversal indicator at different pH values is different, which is given below.

pH Colour

1.0-3.0 Red
3.0-5.0 Orange red
5.0- 5.5 Orange
5.5 - 7.0 Orange yellow
7.0-7.5 Greenish yellow
7.5 - 8.0 Green
8.0-9.0 Blue
9.0- 10.0 Violet

Different indicators give different colours in different media.

Name of the Indicator Acidic Solution Basic Solution Neutral

Red litmus solution Red (no change) Blue Red (no change)
Blue litmus solution Red Blue (no change) Blue (no change)
Phenolphthalein Colourless (turbid) Pink No colour change
Methyl orange Pink Yellow No colour change

PROCEDURE
l. Take the given solutions in separate clean test tubes and mark them A, B, C, D, E, and F.
2. Take a small piece of pH paper and place it on a clean and dry watch glass.
3. Take the solution from test tube A with the help of a clean dropper and put two drops of it on the pH
paper.
4. Note the colour indicated by the pH paper.
5. Compare the colour observed above with the reference chart of the pH paper.
6. Record the pH value corresponding to the colour.
7. Repeat the above steps with samples B to F and record your observations.

A
Lemon U1st1lled
juice water Sodium bicarbonate solution
~HCr.ll- NNi;aoniH=i-r-c~HJ~CO~O~H~ - -1------L_

A B
C D E F

-----1 Test tube stand

F
Dropper---1-
Watch glass

OBSERVATION TABLE

S.No. Name of the Sample Colour produced on


pH paper pH value Nature of the Sample
A DiluteHCl Acidic
B DiluteNaOH Basic
C Dilute Ethanoic Acid Acidic
D Lemon juice Acidic
E Water Neutral
F
Dilute Sodium Bicarbonate sol. Basic
1'

RESULTS

I. pH values of dilute HCl, dilute ethanoic acid solution, and lemon juice are less than 7. Therefore,
they are acidic in nature.
2· The pH values of dilute NaOH and dilute sodium bicarbonate solution are greater than 7. They are,
therefore, basic in nature.
3
· The pH value of distilled water is 7.

._
PRECAUTIONS
1. Use only standard colour charts for reference for the assessment of pH value.
2. Do not touch the pH paper with unclean or wet hands.
3. Clean the dropper/ glass rod properly before reusing.
4. Do not waste pH paper.

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