PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

ELLYZA SHEEN C. BACARISAS, BSA1

ENGL031 – M6

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
LESSON 1:
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Communication
➢ A process of sharing and conveying
messages or information from one person to
another within and across channels, contexts,
media, and cultures (McCornack, 2014)
➢ There’s a wide variety of contexts and
situations in which it can be manifested

NATURE OF COMMUNICATION

• Communication is a process
• Communication occurs between two or more TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
people
• Communication can be expressed through 1. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
written or spoken words, actions, or both at ➢ refers to the form of communication in which
the same time message is transmitted verbally
➢ communication is done by word of mouth
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION and a piece of writing
➢ remember to “KISS” (keep it short and simple)
Speaker
➢ is the source of information or message
2. ORAL COMMUNICATION
Message ➢ spoken words are used
➢ is the information, ideas, or thoughts ➢ includes a face-to-face interaction, a phone
conveyed by the speaker conversation, a group discussion, a meeting
or interview, and a class recitation
Encoding ➢ communication is influenced by pitch,
➢ is the process of converting the message into volume, speed, and clarity of speaking
words, actions, or other forms that the
speaker understands Advantages:
• It brings quick feedback
Channel • In a face-to-face conversation, by
➢ is the medium or the means, such as personal reading facial expression and body
or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, in language, one can guess whether he/she
which the encoded message is conveyed should trust what’s being said or not

Decoding Disadvantages:
➢ is the process of interpreting the encoded • In a face-to-face discussion, user is
message of the speaker unable to deeply think about what he is
delivering
Receiver
➢ is the recipient of the message, or someone
who decodes the message 3. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
➢ Written signs or symbols are used to
Feedback communicate
➢ is the reactions, responses, or information ➢ Message can be transmitted via email, letter,
provided by the receiver report, memo etc.
➢ Is the most common form of communication
Context being used in business
➢ is the environment where communication
takes place Advantages:
• Messages can be edited and revised
Barrier • Written communication provide record
➢ is the factors that affect the flow of and backup
communication
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
ELLYZA SHEEN C. BACARISAS, BSA1
ENGL031 – M6

• A written message enables receiver to • Laziness

fully understand it and send appropriate ➢ Authorities/managers sometimes assumes
feedback that a message has already been spread
and hence will not pass the message formally
Disadvantages:
• Written communication doesn’t bring • Lack of Self Confidence
instant feedback ➢ When there is distrust due to fear, suspicion,
dishonesty between the sender and receiver
of communication, the sender will lack
4. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION confidence in conveying the message
➢ The sending or receiving of wordless
messages such as gestures, body language, SEMANTIC/LANGUAGE BARRIERS
posture, tone of voice or facial expression
➢ All about the body language of the speaker • Lack of common language
➢ Two persons cannot communicate properly
Three Elements unless they have common language

a. Appearance • Poor Vocabulary

• Speaker – clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use ➢ If a person fumbles or cannot use right word
of cosmetics at a right time, his/her messages cannot be
• Surrounding – room size, lighting, received correctly
decorations, furnishings
• Poor grammar, punctuations
b. Body language – facial expression, gestures, ➢ Essential in framing correct sentences without
postures distorting the message

c. Sounds – Voice tone, volume, speech rate • Use of jargons

➢ Avoid technical words and metaphors as far
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS as possible

PHYSICAL BARRIERS • Variance in expression or colloquialism is common

even among those who speak the same language
• Noise
➢ Any sound that prevents the person from SOCIAL BARRIERS
being heard
➢ Physical noise interferes with a speaker’s ➢ This is such a huge barrier to
ability to send messages with an audience’s communication and includes many factors
ability to receive them such as, conflict, violent and abusive
situations, ability to read and write in a
• Time & Distance particular language or style
➢ Receiver has no time to listen
➢ Too much distance between the sender and ➢ It will be almost impossible to converse with
receiver the other person if one part of the
conversation is violent or abusive
• Defects in the medium of communication
➢ This violent or abusive nature may be
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS because they have a troubled past, and as
a result, they will have low self-esteem which
• Emotions could have caused them to be abusive and
➢ Play an important role and how we perceive violent
a message
➢ The same message can be interpreted in a PERSONAL BARRIERS
different way when we are angry or when we
are in a calm and composed mood • Personal Attitude
➢ When the person who delivers the message is
• Selective Perception not comfortable with the message, he/she
➢ We all perceive only the part of message cannot deliver it properly
which is our interest based on our past
experiences and background
 PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
ELLYZA SHEEN C. BACARISAS, BSA1
ENGL031 – M6

• Lack of confidence in subordinates OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS

➢ If there is no good relationship between
managers and subordinates, subordinates ▪ Take the receiver more seriously
will not communicate effectively ▪ Think more clearly about the message
▪ Deliver messages skillfully
• Message Overload ▪ Focus on the receiver
➢ If too many messages are going on in the ▪ Use multiple channels for encoding
mind, one cannot communicate information ▪ Secure appropriate feedback
to others properly

ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

• Wrong Choice of Medium

➢ Can choose from oral, written, visual
communication

• Status Relationships
➢ Messages will not be reported properly if
subordinates are scared of managers

• Lengthy Process
➢ If the hierarchy is too long, communication
(upward or downward) will take a long time
to reach persons

CULTURAL BARRIERS

➢ Culture provides people with ways of thinking

– seeing, hearing, and interpreting the world.
Thus the same words can mean different
things to people from different cultures, even
when they talk the same language

➢ Many factors make up what we refer to as

“culture”, but mainly the cultural difference is
about attitudes and beliefs that come from
our personal beliefs and experiences

➢ Two people could get the same message but

interpret it in two different ways because their
cultures and language differ

ETHICAL BARRIERS

Barriers to ethical behavior in business organizations

are:

▪ moral silence - failing to speak up about issues

that are known to be wrong

▪ moral deafness - failing to hear or attend to

moral concerns raised by others

▪ moral blindness - failing to recognize the

moral implications of actions