Class 10 Science Model Paper

Session: 2024-2025
Total Marks: 70
Time Allowed: 3 Hours

General Instructions

1. Students will be given 15 minutes at the beginning to read the question paper.
2. The question paper is divided into two sections: A and B.
3. Section A and Section B are divided into three parts: I, II, III.
4. Section A contains multiple-choice questions where the correct option must be marked
on the OMR sheet using blue or black point pens.
5. Section A consists of 1-mark questions.
6. Section B contains descriptive questions.
7. Marks are mentioned alongside each question.
8. All questions are compulsory.
9. Begin answering from a new page for each section.

Section A: Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)

Part I (20 Marks)

1. An object starts rolling down a ramp. Which type of energy is involved?

(A) Gravitational Potential Energy
(B) Friction
(C) Kinetic Energy
(D) Elastic Potential Energy
2. Which type of mirror is used by doctors to observe a larger, magnified view of objects?
(A) Convex Mirror
(B) Plane Mirror
(C) Concave Mirror
(D) All of the above
3. Two lenses, one converging and the other diverging, are placed together. What will be
the combined effect?
(A) Real, inverted, and small
(B) Real, inverted, and large
(C) Virtual, erect, and small
(D) Virtual, erect, and large
4. Human eyes can focus light at different distances because of which ability?
(A) Divergence
(B) Adjustment
(C) Accommodation
(D) Convergence
5. Match the terms in Column A with their corresponding SI units in Column B. Choose the
correct combination:

Column A | Column B
Electric Resistance | Volt
Electric Current | Ampere
 Electric Power | Watt
Electric Potential | Ohm

(A) 1 & IV, 2 & I, 3 & II, 4 & III

(B) 1 & I, 2 & II, 3 & III, 4 & IV
(C) 1 & IV, 2 & III, 3 & II, 4 & I
(D) 1 & II, 2 & III, 3 & I, 4 & IV

6. Two rods with the same material and dimensions are first arranged in series and then in
parallel in an electric circuit. What will be the ratio of their effective resistance in series
to that in parallel?
(A) 1:2
(B) 2:1
(C) 1:4
(D) 4:1
7. In a uniform electric field, what happens to a charged particle placed within a large,
hollow metallic sphere?
(A) The charge becomes zero.
(B) It moves toward the inner surface of the sphere.
(C) It moves toward the outer surface of the sphere.
(D) It remains uniformly distributed on all surfaces.
8. What is the structural formula of benzene?
(A) Hexagonal planar
(B) Circular planar
(C) Square planar
(D) Tetrahedral
9. Which of the following pairs belong to the same homologous series?
(i) CH4CH_4 and C2H6C_2H_6
(ii) CH3OHCH_3OH and CH3COOHCH_3COOH
(iii) C2H6C_2H_6 and CH3OHCH_3OH
(iv) CH3OHCH_3OH and C2H5OHC_2H_5OH
o Correct options:
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (i) and (iv)
(C) (ii) and (iv)
(D) (ii) and (iii)
10. What are naturally occurring inorganic substances called?
(A) Minerals
(B) Metals
(C) Rocks
(D) Salts
11. When does corrosion of metals occur?
(A) When the pH is more than 7
(B) When the pH is less than 5.5
(C) When the pH is exactly 7
(D) None of the above
12. The chemical reaction of acetic acid with ethanol to produce an ester is an example of:
(A) Addition reaction
(B) Substitution reaction
(C) Oxidation reaction
(D) Esterification reaction
13. Complete the following reaction:
NaOH+CH3COOH→?NaOH + CH_3COOH \rightarrow ?
(A) CH3OHCH_3OH
 (B) CH3COONa+H2OCH_3COONa + H_2O
(C) C2H5OHC_2H_5OH
(D) CH3CH2COOHCH_3CH_2COOH
14. Which is the correct order of steps involved in water purification?
(A) Sedimentation → Filtration → Chlorination
(B) Chlorination → Sedimentation → Filtration
(C) Filtration → Sedimentation → Chlorination
(D) Sedimentation → Chlorination → Filtration
15. Which of the following statements is true?
(i) Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.
(ii) Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents.
o Select the correct option:
(A) Both statements are true.
(B) Only the second statement is true.
(C) Only the first statement is true.
(D) Both statements are false.
16. What is the correct energy flow in an ecosystem?
(A) Producers → Consumers → Decomposers
(B) Decomposers → Producers → Consumers
(C) Consumers → Producers → Decomposers
(D) None of the above
17. Antibiotics are effective against:
(A) All microorganisms
(B) Only bacteria
(C) Only viruses
(D) Both viruses and bacteria
18. A Mendelian cross between tall and short plants resulted in tall offspring in the first
generation. What does this indicate?
(A) Tall is a dominant trait.
(B) Short is a dominant trait.
(C) Both traits are recessive.
(D) None of the above.
19. Sexual reproduction increases variation in offspring because:
(A) It involves only one parent.
(B) It mixes genetic material from two parents.
(C) It produces clones.
(D) None of the above.
20. In which trophic level do secondary consumers exist in the food chain?
(A) First trophic level
(B) Second trophic level
(C) Third trophic level
(D) Fourth trophic level

Section B

Part I (Short Answers)

1. (i) What is meant by the term “reflection”? Explain its types.

(ii) Why does a rainbow appear only after rain?
 2. (i) Why is a concave mirror also known as a converging mirror?
(ii) Write two uses of both convex and concave mirrors.

3. (i) A 4-ohm resistor produces 100 J of heat per second. Find the current flowing through
it.
(ii) A 20-ohm resistor is connected to a 5A current. Calculate the energy consumed in 30
seconds.

Question 4:

(i) Why don’t magnetic field lines of two adjacent poles intersect each other?
(ii) Write the properties of magnetic field lines.
(iii) What is the maximum force exerted on a current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic
field?

OR

(i) How does a fuse protect electrical circuits?

(ii) Explain how electricity is distributed from substations to households. Draw a labeled diagram
to support your explanation.

Question 5:

Explain the following processes in detail:

(i) Reaction of acetic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester.
(ii) How does saponification of esters produce soap and glycerol?
(iii) How does the combustion of hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water?
(iv) Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas using manganese dioxide as
a catalyst.

Question 6:

(i) Explain why fertilizers, manure, and pesticides are used to enhance agricultural productivity.
(ii) What are the negative impacts of excessive use of these chemicals on the environment?

Question 7:

(i) What is meant by biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances? Provide two examples of
each.
(ii) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:
(a) CH3−CH2−CHOCH_3-CH_2-CHO
(b) CH3−CO−CH3CH_3-CO-CH_3
(iii) Explain the role of potassium permanganate in oxygen gas production during decomposition
reactions.
Question 8:

Explain the difference between organic and inorganic evolution. Provide suitable examples to
support your explanation.

Question 9:

Refer to the given diagram (if provided in the paper). Identify the components and explain the
concept of interdependence in ecosystems.

Question 10:

(i) How does the inheritance of traits differ between males and females in humans?
(ii) What are chromosomes, and how do they determine gender in humans?

Question 11:

Draw and label a detailed food pyramid. Highlight the following:

 Producers
 Primary Consumers
 Secondary Consumers
 Tertiary Consumers

OR

Explain the nitrogen cycle and its significance in maintaining ecological balance.