l,,i i ,f ;: tlr+i{dr. i 1.

,+ ti ,:" i
',:i' -.iiirJ],lil f ,i/{tt
*qh* f ,694 ffih, g
CHAPTER

EounloN S

CoNrrNrs,.,
4.0 INTRODUCTION I Quadratic Equation
f Formation of Quadratic Equations
We have already leamt aboui polynomials and their zeroes in Chapter
z. Wtt"n u potytt"mial/(r) is equal to zero, then we getflx) = 0'
which r Solution of Quadratic Equation
is called polynomial equation.
3 Nature of Roots of a Quadratic Equation
: Applications of Quadratic Equation for
If f(x) is a ouadratic poltmo mial aiz., ai + bx + c, a + 0, then /(x) = 0 Solving Word Problems
irlouarutii oiui.,ax2 +bx=c=a,a+ 0 In this chapter, we shall
"o.ruti equation and various ways to find their zeroes (or
deil with quuiratic
roots). We shall discuss application of quadratic equation in dav-to-
day iife situations. Concept & Activity
1, 4-6, 70-12, 14, 16-17, 21, 24, 26, 29, 32
4.T QUADRATIC EQUATION Illustlative ExamPles
2-8, 12-15, 77-79' 27-34,
Any equation of the form/(r) = 0, where/(r) is a quadratic pollmomial Exercises & AnEwerc
i.s called a quadratic equation. Ex.4(a) 3-4 Ex.4(D) 5
Ex.4(c) 8-9 Ex.4(d) 13-14
For Example: Ex.(e) 15-16 Ex.4A 19-20

3*+4x-200=0 Ex.4(g) 23-24 Ex.4(it) 25

Ex.4(,) 28 Ex a() 29-30
2x2+?x-1=0 Ex.4(k) 31-32 Ex.4(l) 34-35
Hints to Selected QueBtions
3x-2i+5=0 4-5, 9-1,0, 20, 24-25, 28, 30, 32, 35
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
and 4 - * + 2OO = 0; etc. are all quadratic equations'
Additional Questions 37 -38
When we write the terms of/(r) in descending order of their degrees' Nytla 36,59
then we obtain the standard form of the equation' NCERT_FILE
Questions from NCERT Book 39-52
Thl:r,, a* + bx + c = 0, a + 0 is called standard form of a quadratic
52-59
equation. Questions from NCERT ExemPlar
For A6sessment 60-62
4.1.1 Roots of a Quadratic Equation Competition File 62-63
National Talent Search Examination
I{/(x) g
= i5 u n ru4ratic equation, then the
zeroes of the polynomial/(r) (NTSE) 64
Summary 55
are called the roots of the equation.
Chaptel Test 65-66
4.1.2 Solution of a Quadratic Equation Project 66

lrVhen we are to solve a quadratic equatio& we are to find its roots'

 I\TODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

ft-lusrnarve Exanaples
-q Type I: Checking whether given equations are 7x-3 = 0,
quadratic or not. =
which is not of the forllr. ax2 + bx + c = O, a + O.
Example 1: Check whether the following are quadratic
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.
equations:
@ (x-z)2+l= Zx-3 Type II: Checking whether given
siven valuec
values are:
(ti) xl.tt + 1) + 8 = (r + 2) (r-2).
Solution: In each ofthe following, check whether the
given values are solutions of given equations or not;
Here, (x-2)2+t =ht-3
(l)
(rJ x2 - 3x + 2 = 0; x = 2, x = 1
=) (x2-4t+4)+1= 2x-3
=+ *-Sa+S = 2x-3 ti *+ J2x-+=0,*= JZ,*--2u8.
+ x2-6x+8 =0,
which is of the form a* + bx + c = O, a + O. (i) The given equation i5 x2 3x + 2 O.
- =
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation. (a) Putting r = 2 in the LHS of the given equation,
(ll) Here, x(x+ 7) + 8 = (r+ Z)(x-2) we get
x2+x+8=x2-4 LHS - Q)2_3e)+2
x +'LZ = 0, = 4*6+2
which is not of the lorm ax2 + bx + c = O, a + 0. = 0=RHS.
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation. Hence, x = 2 is a solution of the given equation.
Check whether the following are quadratic (b) Putting I = 1 in the LHS of the given equation,
equations: we get,
(A &+12= - 91 211s LHS = (1)2 - 3(1) + 2
Ail *-21( = (-2) (3-r) = 1-3+2=0=RHS.
(ii0 k - 2) (r + 1) = (x - 1) (r + 3) Hence, x = 1 is a solution of the given equation.
(ia) x2 + 3x + 1, = (x - 2)2. (ll) The given equation is 12 +
^ti 1x1 -+=0.
(i) Here, (x + L)2
(a) Putting r=f in the tUS of the given equatiorL
=
- 31 21y
*+Zx+1 = 2x-6 we get
=
= *+Z =0, LHS = (.lr)2+ A(A)_4
which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a + 0.
= 2+Z_4 =0=RHS.
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
Hence, r = JJ is a solution of the given equation.
(ll) Here, * _zx = (_2)(3 _ r)
-2x = -6+2x
x2 (b) Put1j]jtg x = -2,J2 in the LHS of the given equatiory
=) x2-4t+6 =0, we get,
which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a + O.
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
LHS = (+.lr)2+ ^tZ (2A)_4
(iii)Hete, (x - ?) (x + 1) = (x-1)(r+3) = 8-4_4
+ x2+x-2sc-2 = x2 +Bx-x_Z = 0=RHS.
= x2-x-Z = *+2x-3 Hence, x = -2 12 is also a solution of the given equation.
+ _x_2 = 2x-3 Tvpe ItrI; Obtaining Unknown Values
=+ -3r+1=0, Erample 4: In each of the following deterrrine the
which is not of the forrn ax2 + bx + c = 0, a + 0.
value of 'ft' for which the given value is a solution of
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation. the equation:
(la) Here, i+3x+1, = (x-l)z (, 4x2-bt+t=0,x=-2
3 *+3x+L = )c2-b( + 4 (u) b2+2x-3=O,x=2.
E@I MODEHN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS.X

\tlt) 5x'+k=0;x=-J6 2. (i) No (r'l) No (lli) Yes (ro) No

(io) x2+kx+3=O;x=1 3. (i) Yes ft7) Yes (rll) No (lz) yes

(tt) x2+3ax +k=0; x=-a 4. (l) r=0,No;r=1,No

(ii) x=-2, No;x= 1,yes
(a x2 - (a + b)x + k = 0; x = a.
5
(iii) x = - , Yes; x = 2, Yes
7, Find the value s of 'a' and,b, lor which x
= 1 ar,a
r = -2
4 (ia)x=i, No;.r= 7 Yes
are the roots of the equation ar2 + bx
- 6 = 0. 1,
(r) z = -2"5, No; x =,!j,yes
2
8. If: = 5 and r = - 3 are the roots of the equation .. 4 5
ax2 +7x + b = 0, find the values ol,a,and,b,.
(ti)x=-,No;x=;,No
(iii) x = --2, Yes; x = 2, No
Long Answer Type Questions
9. Check whether 3 is root of the equation: .. b c
--, Ygs-a=;, Yes
lto) x =
Vx'-9-!J(x-1)(x-3) = l4y2 -14* a16
6. (i)k=1./2 (ii)k=8 (iiilk=ao Uo)k=-4
(zt)k=2n2(ai)k=ab
ANswrns
7. a=4,b=5 8. a=3,b=-6.
1. (l) Yes (ll) Yes (ttl) yes (rz) yes (z) yes (al) No
9. No.

HrNrs ro Selecrso Gluesrpus

a(4)+b(+)-6=o
7. Since, x=:n isa root of: ax2 +bx-6=0, 2-a-b-3=0 ..(2)
Solve (1) and (2).
r e\ /?\:l-6=0
.'. tll
\16/ 9. Putting x = 3 in the given equatiory
-l+bl \4,/ -
3a+4b-32=0 Jq-e*r4r(oJ =Jn-a+16
= .(1)
Since,r=-2isarootof =+ 0 + 0 = .u[6-, which is not true.
af+bx-6=0, Hence, 3 is not a root of the given equation.

4.2 FORMATTON OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

In different fields of Mathematics, quadratic equations are formed in
various situations. we shall illustrate the
formation of quadratic equation in tie following examples.

ft-lusrnlrve Exruuples
Example 1: The product of two consecutive positive Example 2: Sum of the areas of two squares is 46g m2.
integers is 306. Form the quadratic equation.
If the difference of their perimeters is-24 m, formulate
Solution: Let r and x + 1 be two consecutive positive the quadratic equation to find the sides of two squares.
integers. Here r is the smaller positive integer. Solutiorr: Let r metres be length of each side of the square.
Thery their product = x (r + 1). Then, the perimeter of the square = 4x.
Giaen, product = 306 Since, the d ifference of the perimeters of the squares
x(x+1)=306 =24m,
.'. the perimeter of second square = 24 + 4r.
x2 + x =306
= *+x-206=0, .'. Length of each side of second
Square =
24+ 4x
which is the required quadratic equation.
=(6+I)m
-_
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS 3Z-
Solution: The given equation is: + x(x +2)-1(x +2) =0
x-1. x-3 10 = (r+2)(r-1) =0
x-2 x-4 = x+2=0
(r 1)+ (r
or x-1=0
- 4)(r - - 2)(r - 3) 10
' (x -2)(x - 4l J = x =-2
or x =1-'
(x2 - 4x 4)+ (x2 - 3x -2x - 6) 10 Hence, r = -2 and r = 1 are the roots of the given equation.
- x+

x' -4x -2x+8 3 (ll) The given equation is:

(xz -5x+4)+lx2 -5x +6) 10 2x r '1, 3x+9

:::
x--6r+6 3 x-3 Zx+3 (x-3X2x+3)
-r
Multiplying both sides by (r - 3) (2r + 3), we get:
hc2 -7ox+10 10
- 3 2x (2x + 3) + ( x - 3) + (3r + 9) =0
x2 -6x+8
@* + 6x)+ (r-3) + (3r + 9) =0
= 3(2x2- lox + 10) = 10(/ - 6x + 8) 4*+10x+6=0
+ 6* - }ox + 30 =1012 - 60r + 80 2*+5x+3=0
:+ -4x2+ 30r-50 =0 2x2+2x+3x+3=0
= 2*-L5x + 25 =0
2x(x+1)+3(r+1)=0
+ z*-tox -5r+ 25 =0
(r + 1) (2x + 3) =0
+ 2x(x-5) -5(x-5) =0 r + 1 =0
(x-5) Qx-s) =o
= or 2x+3=0
+ 2x-5 =0 x =-l
or r - 5 =0
J
5
=- x=i
J
or r =5.
x+--.
2

5 Hence, r = -1 is the on1)r solution o{ given equation.

Hence, x =
I |
and x = 5 are the roots of the given equation. Solve the following quadratic equations by
factorisation method:
Example 5; Solve the following quadratic equations by
@ t*-Eax+b2-b2l=0 (cBsE 2012)
factorisation method:
gx2 -g(a + blx + (2a2 + sab + 2b2) = o
t .x+o.-1 GO
" !-r=
.,'f x 2x+3' 2 (iiil (a + b)2xz + 8 b2 - b2t x + 16 b - b)2 = 0.

(irl 2x13x+9-3
' :::+-+- =0, x + 3, -=z
x-3 2x+3 (x-3x2x+3)
,
(l) The given equation is:
(CBSE 2016) 4x2 - 4ax + (a2 - b21 =g
Solution: Here constant ter11. = 62 - 7r2 = (a + b)(a - b)
(l) The given equation is: And coefficient of middle term = - 46 = - l2(a + b)
s +2(a-b)\
1-" =
-
y-o 2x +3 .'. Equation can be written as:
4-Zx 5 4xz- lz(a + b) +2(a - b))x + (a + b) (a - b) = 0
x 2x+3 4x2 - 2(a + b)x - 2(a - b)x + \a + b)(a - b) = 0

(4'3x)(2x + 3) =5r 2x lLx - \a + b)l - (a - b) lzx - (a + b)) = 0

8x + "12
- 6x2 - 9x =5x lzx - (a + b)llzx - (a - b)l = o
6x2+6x-12=0 2x-(a+b)=0
x2+x-2=0 OI Lx-(a-Q=a
x2+2x-x-2=0
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
vt1 1
35, 4* - 4a2x + aa - ba = 0.
I x * 1,: - 7.
-
19. :-:-:-:---:-
R
2F) = g.
x-1 x+1= 6 : 96. gxz - 9 (a + b)x + (2a2 + Sab +
s7. 12abl - (9a2 - AF)x - qab
= 0.
20. 3--r=1 Zx-.;x+-L-.
Z -7 (CBSE 2014)
|' : 711
38. a+b+2x=-+:+---.
a b 2x
(CBSE 2013)
2
2r. -1 -*
x-5 x-l= =9;x
x
+0,2,3. (CBSE 2013)

a b:=L,r*o,b,r. ANswnns
22. x-a+x-0 x-c (cBsE 2015)

23. (a + b)2x2 - 4ab x - (a - b)2 = g. 7. 4,-2 2. -1 .- 3. -6,3

24. abx2 + (b2 - ac) x -bc = 0.
25. a2b2x2 +bzx - a2x-1=0. 72
4. -2, 5 5. -5, -1 2'3
26. fx-l_-Jx+5_=9;
/ x+r,-s. 2 2
7. 1, -; E 1'-5 9' -i'2
1 1 i --
-',7 x-3 x+5 6 x+3.-5. 5 35
- 3, -2 11.
"2,t 22
*. r(t13)-r(#,) =u, x + -a, 7.
1_ _L
-5,5 74. - a, a+7 t,-
5
1 1 -7 3
zs. ;ir+ *_5 = r; x + ;,5. (At CBSE 2017) 11 11 .40
1'
-i,, 77' '-;t1-;
a' b'
18.
1J
3 1 2 -7 "t2
30.
"*t-r=3rl)x*-1,tr.
(cBsE 2014)
79. -!,t 5
zo. 3,1 4.-
,5

t . x-4 x-6 10
/ .,2
(cBSE2014) 2ab
n'o*a-N ,s. 1,-1ry)
=-;;=l;*+s,7.
x-2 x-4 L0
32. (I) + =--:-;7 +3,5 (CBSE 2014) -bc 25.
-1 1
- 5,2
- -,-
db a' b'
x-l =2x +'],,=1;x
- * -r,1. 1
5,n
Gi) (AI CBSE 2017) 27. - 9,7 28. -1,. -'"5 29.
--- 7
Long Answer Type Questions
30. 3,1 31.
- 11
a,- (il 6,r,-2,-2
2
1351
r:. ;+u,*1 * +-1,-i,-4. t+t t-t
+)
=
**t 33. s4.
(AI CBSE 2017) 2'2
-1. za+b a+zb 2b 3a ab
1 1 1
g ' 3 37' -n'4b 38. ,), ..
5a' '
1x-t11x-21 (x-2)(x-3)
' (x-3)(x-4) 6'

Hrlrs ro Seucreo Quesrprus

11. *-qr+Dx+ .t2 =g x(x - Jr) -1(x -Jr) =o
).2 - ^lrx-x+J2 =0 (r - J2 )(x -r) = o.
IET MODERN,S abc + OF MATHEMATICS_X

24. abx2 + (b2 -

- bc =0 ac)x (2x - azlz= Y+
ab* + b2x - acx -bc =0
Zx = a'! b.
bx(ax + b) - c (ax + b) =O
* c) =0. a2 !b2
(ax + b) (bx x=
25. a2b2x2 + b2x - a2x - L =0 2

b2x(a2x + 1) - (b2x + 1) =g
a2 +b2 a2 -b2
(azx + 1) (b2x - 1) =9. "22
35. 4x2 - 4a2x + aa -ba = O
36. 9xz- 9(a + b)x + (2n2 + 5ab + Zb2) = 0
(4x2-4a2x + a4) = b4
Vl - l@ + b)x + (2t + b) (a + 2b) = 0.
4.3.2 Solution of Quadratic Equation by Completing Square
In 4.3.1 we have used factorisationrnethod to find the roots of quadratic equation.
Now we shall leam about the
method of completing square which is explained in the following steps:

Step I: Let the given quadratic equation be: ax2 + bx + c - O, a +0.

Step II: Dividing throughout by a to make the coefficient of ,,2 unity, if it is not so,
we get:
1.^
r2 + 1x + I =o .

nq
Step Ill: Transposirrg
'
l. the constant lerm, to RHS. we get:
"a
"bc-X=-
x'+
aa
StepIV:Adding l{)',,.r.,rruur"of half coefficienrof xonbothsides,weget: x2+
1-.(*)' =-;.|il'
Step V: Writing LHS as the square of a binomial, we get: (r-L)' =t-Y .

Step VI: Taking squdre roofs, weget: x * !- =='tb'-k,

"ta2a

Step VII: Transposing

f ,o *r, *" r" t x= -* - U*
Hence, r =
-br.lu'-E*
2a

AimrTofindthesolutiongeometricallyofaquadraticequationoftheformax2+bx+c=0,a+0byusing
the method of completing the square.
Materials required: Square grids, Strips, paper slips, White sheets of paper, pair
of scissors, Gum.
Procedure:
(r) Consider a quadratic equation of the form ar2 + bx + c 0, a +
= 0.
For example,.x2 + 8x - 9 = 0.
QUADRATIC EOUATIONS
i,,,]-
a- r rlT::llTl-il
+ ----
-__5

[-f l-j-|rffri-]
(ii) rake a square grid or dimensions r l0 < r0) which represents xr I H#fi-!#--H

(iii) Add 8 strips of dimensions x r 1 as shown in

fig. Now, the area of rectangle formed in
represents x2 + 8x.

(i1)) Divide the Srid 8 x r shown in fig. inio two

equal halves. Now the area of rectangle shown
in the fig. can be wri tten as xz + 4x + 4x'

(zr) Cut the right most Portion of dimenslons 4 x x and

paste it as'shown in the fig. The area of the figure
obtain is xr + 8x.
 MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATICS-X

<__ r+4
-,g,r

(tz) If we consider the big square of side (r +4) units.

_l
x
Then the area of the square pasted can be written
as (x + 4\2 - (4)2 i.e., *
+ 8x + 16 - 75 = + 8x*
:l

<__ Jr __,-,--______l>
(zi) Now remove 9 sqrrare-s as shown in fig. This area of remaining strips is 12 + 8r - 9, which can be
wdtten as (x + 4)2 -42 -9 = (x + 4)2 - 1,6 -9 = (x + 4)2 -25.
Observation: x2+8x-9 = (x.+4)2-42-9
= (x + 4)2 _zS.
Result So, the quadratic equation x2 + 8r - 9 = 0 can be written as:
(x + 4)2 -25 = O.
This is known as method of Completing the Square.
Solution of 12 + 8x -9 = 0 is same as those of
(x + 4)2 -25 = o
(x+4)2 = 25
(r+4) = 15.
Either r + 4=5 or x +4=-5.
Hence, :=1 or x = -9-
Now, we illustrate the method of completing the square by the following examples:

l-lusrRalve Exlmples
Example 1: By the method of completing square, solve
the following equation:
2.*-7t+3=o.
tAddtus (lcoeff.or
4' =e"eD' =#
on both sidesl
Solution: The given equation is:
2*-7x+3 = 0 + (7\ . (z\' 25
* -21x1
[7.] la) =-:
1t
:+ x'-rx+-
^lJ =U
/ r.--7)'z r -'2
| tgt
lDiaiding thtoughout by 2l \4) (. q.)

7 J 7 5
-x +-
-4
2 4
nq
,7
r-rx +
49 49
4- 4
1,6 76
 MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

ANswrns t; t;
vc-
5. t_ _.1+ _vJ
1_
6. -a,2J2
-W 1. 2- "tE,2+Ji 2.Jr,3a t7
22
8.2a-b,2a+b
^ s-Ji
44
3+\m
4. No real root 2bb
./3

9. 10..12,r.
ad
4.3.3. Solution of Quadratic Equation by Formula (Shridharacharya,s Rule)*

In 4.3.2we got the result by solving ax2 + bx + c =0, a+0 as x = -b!Jb'4*

2a

Thus, the roots of ax2 + bx + c = O are: -u*Ju'-+* Or I= -b-"[uz -+ac

2a 2a

. -b+^lD -b-.tE
'2a 2a
where D( = b2 - known as discriminant.
4ac) is
IfD b2 - 4nx1) 0, then the roots are real.
(=
Now, we illustrate the use of formula in solving the quadratic equation in the following examples.

l-r-usrnarve Exlnaples
Finding Discriminant of a Quadratic Equation Now, D = b2 - 4ac
Example 1: Write the discriminant of the following
quadratic equation:
= (-2 Ji)2 -
4G)Q) = aa -8 = 36 > o.
.'. The given equation has real roots given by:
*-Ex+g=O.
Solution: The given equation is x2 - 4x + g = O.
-r+"6 and -b-JD
2a 2a
Comparing with a* + bx + c = 0,
we have: z"E+"/i6 zJil-JB6
'a' = 1.,'b' = - 4 a1;.d'c' = 3.
Le., =- ._- and "
zlL) 2(1)
Now, D = b2 - 4ac
= (_ 4)r_ 4(1X3) . t=
2Ji+6
ano T=
zJi-6
= 16-4=12. 2- 2
Solving Quadratic Equation having Real Roots by i.e., r=,{T+3 and r= Jtt_e.
Formula
Example 2: Examine whether the following quadratic Hence, .rf 1 13 and Jt1-3 are the roots of the given
equation.
equation has real roots. If so, find the roots:
Exarnple 3: Using quadratic fomrula, solve the following
1" quadratic equations;
it'-,lttx+t=0.
Solution: The given equation is:
(il abx2 + (b2 - ac) x - bc = O
1^ <i0 9* -9 (a +b)x + (2a2 + Sab + 2b2l
=O.
ir'- ,ltt x+1 = 0 (CBSE 2OO9)
Solution:
i.e., * -Z.lix + 2 = 0. (i) The given equatlon is abx2 + (bz
Comparing with a:2 + bx + c = O,
- ac) x - bc = 0.
Comparing with a* + bx + c = O,
we have: 'a'=i,,'b'=-2Ji and,c, =2. we have: 'a' = ab,'b' = b2 - ac and'c' = - bc.
* The quadratic formula toas first derizted by an ancient lndian Mathematician Shridharacharya's in around 1,oz1 AD.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS EEI
Now, D= b2 - 4ac = (b2 - ac)2 - 4(ab)(-bc) Comparing with tlx2 + bx + c = 0,

= (bz - ac)2 + 4nbzc = (b2 + ac)2 >0. we have:

.'. The given equation has real roots, given by: 'a' = 3,'b' = - 6 and'c' = 2.
Now, D = b2- 4ac
-btJD = (-
"2a 6)'z - 4(3)(2)
= 36-24=L2>0.
-1b2 - ac 1x,l1bz 'ac12
. . The given equation has real roots, given by:
2ab
otfi2
- -(b2 - ac)!\b2 + ac) *- -b."6
zo = r(,
?ab

_ -(b2 -ac)+(bz + ac) _ zac

- 9 6tz^15 3 t J5
- Zab Zab b 63
. -b2 - ac)-(b2 + ac) -zbz b
rr J5 3-'5
ano=-2rb=zrb--; Hence. 1il - and- llj are the roots of the given
ch roots of the given equation
equation.
Hence,
; and -:o are the Solve for r:
(li) The given equation is:
*J 4 , x+-1,-2,-4. (AICBSE 2016)
9xz - 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + sab + 2b2) = 0. -1 =
r+1 x+2 x+4
Comparing with axz + bx + c -- 0, L24
The given equation is
we have; ,il1 *.Z= x4
'a' = 9,'b' = -9(a + b) arrd' c' = 2-a2 + 5ab + 2b2'
Multiplying by (r + 1)(r + 2)(r + 4), we get:
Now, D = b2-krc (x+2)(x+4)+2(x+1)(r+a) = 4(x + 1)(r + 2)
= (-g(a + b))2 - + x 9(2a2 + Sab + Lbz) ->(x2+4x +2jr+8) +2(x2+4x+x+ 4)
= 81(a + b)z - g6(2a2 + 5ab + Zbz) =4(x2+2x+x+2)
= ga2 - 18ab + 9b2 = 9(a - b)2 > o. (xz + 6x + 8) + 2(l +5r+ 4) = 4(x2 +3x+2)
.'. The given equation has real roots, given by: =
..> (i + 6x + 8) + (2x2 + 10r+8) = (4x2+12x+8)
3x2 + 1,6x + L6=4xz + 72x + I
x= _btJD
u =
o1o 16yy r[g1o -u1,
,(,
=- ^.) n^, o-n-
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
9ta +b)=3(o -b) 3(a +b)r(a b) 'a' = 1,'b' = - 4 and'c' = - 8.
18 Now, D = b2 - 4ac = (,4F - 4(1) (- 8)
4a+2b Za+b --16+32=48.
('3
3(a+b)-(a-b) _ 2a+4b a+zb
-btJD 4LJ4B _ axa& = zxz"ls.
*=zo=za=z
and
6 6
Hence,2 + 2Ji and,2- 2J5 are the roots of the given
Hence,
zrj! .
and
a +2b
are the roots of the given equation.
3
equation. -
Example4:Solveforr: =3,x+0,2. EXERCISE 4(e)
: *
(CBSE 2O1O) Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-I)

, 1. Write the discriminant oI the following quadratic

Solution: The given equation is | - )- = equations:
Multiplying by r (r - 2), we gei: (4 x2+x-2=0 (i, x2+:+1=0
(x-2)-x = 3(x2 -2x) (iii) 3x2-2x+8=0
4 -Z = 3x2 - 6x (i7)) J5P+2Jix-l^t5 =o
+ 3xz -6x +2=0. (o) x2-2x+k=O (ai) t2=4x+c.
IET MODEhN'S abc + oF MATHEMATICS.X
2. Examine whether the following quadratic
equations have real roots. If so, find the roots. ANswrns
(0 x2+x+2=0 (ii) 6x2 +7x-10=0
(iii) 3* -Zx +Z=O (io) 2*+x-6=0
1.(r e (,4 -3 (iii) -e2 (ia) 32 (zt) 4- 4*
(ui) 16 + 4c
(o) x2-2x+1,=O (ai) x2-4x-l=O
(ztii) 5*-19x+17=0 (aiii) gx2 gZ( + 12=O 5
- 2. (r) not real (ii) -2, ;D
(lll) not real
(ix) 3*- 2rr5x-5=0.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II) (io) -2,
, (zt) 1,, L (oi) 2- ./5 ,2 +.Jl
Examine whether the following quadratic equations
have real roots, If so, find the roots.
latl)
.le-JzJ _19+Ji tLrtttt
. ..^ ld-2v6B 15 + 2..,65
x-l x-3 103.
3' r-+ *-u=3r; 1
*+z'+' 10 _o

328 -.
(ri) J5.-il
-' 5-x 4-x '--q A. -, 3

5. Px2 + (# - qzly - ,z = g.
5_
3'r'' 5R -2
6. * - Zax + (a2 - b2) = 0. 4'
13
i,+ 6. b-b),(a+bl
K-
7. (a - b)x2 - (3a - b)x + Za = 0.
8. -
12.abx2 - gb2)x - 6Eb = o.
(9a2
7. 7,
2a
----- 8.
3a -2b 4b2 -ga2
9' --';- ,---:';' .
9. a2b2x2 - (4t - Za4)x - Lzlbz = 0. a- b 4b' 3n a'

4.4. NATURE OF ROOTS OT A QUADRATIC EQUATION

Let the quadratic equation be ax2 + bx + c = 0, a + 0.

ln Art. 4.3.3 we have found its :"oots as r -b + Jo -h - JD

=-- 2a- *rdx=.-;;whercD=b2_4ac.
Three cases arise:
Case I: When D(= b2 - 4ac) > O.

In this case, .,lD = JA,

- q* ,
which is a real number.

.'. Real roots , -b *fi -b -\D

^r" = 2n ana x = --d- .

Hence, the roots are real and distinct (or unequal).

Case II: When D(= - 4ac) = 0.
b2

In this case.' , =
4 lo -b -b
2.a = 2t'2n'
Hence, the roots are real and equal.
Case III; When D(= b2 - 4ac) < O.
In this case, JD=Jir-4* ,
which is not a real number.
Hence, the roots are not real.
 MODEBN'S abc + OF ITATHEI,AT|CS-X

Example 4: A two-digit number is such that the product + 211x2 + (4x2 + 4x + 1)l = 58r (2a + 1)
of its digits is 18. When 63 is subtracted from the
-sE number, the digits interchange their places. Find the
number.
=
=)
2L(5x2 + 4x +1) = 58r (2r + 1)
105x2 + 84x + 21 = 116x2 + 58x

Solution: Let'r'ald 'y' be ten's and unit,s digits. = 11x2 - 26x - 21, = 0

trTul = 11.x2-33x+7x-21 =0
Theru x! =18
18
ffi - 1Lx(x-3)+7(x-3) =0
+ (x-3) (1.1.x + \ = 0
y=. ..(1) + r-3 =0
and (L0x+y)-63 = 10y+x or llx +7 =0
(9x-9Y) = 63
+ x =3
x-Y = 7 ...(2) 7
18
or -' 1l'
Putting y = trom (1) in (2), we get:
-x Thus, x = 3. l'.' Numerator cannot be a -oe ftaction\
18
x_
-x Hence, the required fraction =
q#=*=i
f -1.8 -7x
x2-9x+2x-18 =0 Veification:7 = 2(3) + 1
x(x-9)+2(x-9) =0 3 7 9+49 58 -76
(x-9)(x+2) =0 and
i+ 3= 21 =i=ri.
x-9 =0 Example 6: One-fourth of a herd of camels was seen in
OI x+2 =0 the forest, Twice the square root of the herd had gone
x _o to the mountain and the remaining 15 camels wele
or x seen on the bank of the river. Find the total number of
camels.
Thus, x
Solution: Let'r'be the total number of camels.
Putthg in ,rr,O = =r.
t I'.' Digit cannot be --1el
Number o{ camels in the forest = 14
Hence, the required number is 92.
Number of camels gone to mounta = 2 Ji
Veification: 92 - 63 = 29. ^
Number of camels on the bank of river = 15.
Example 5: The denominator of a fraction is one more
than twice the numerator. If the sum of the fraction and Then,7+2Jx+75=x
76
its reciprocal is + x+8Ji +60 =4x
2
,7, find the fraction.
lMultiplying throughout by 4l
Solution: Let 'r' be the numerator of the required fraction.
Then, denominator = 2x + -1..
3x-60 = sJt.
Putting la = y so that:
.'. Fraction = 3y2 - 60 -8y
2x+1.
3y2-8y-60 =0
x 2x +1 58 3y2-t\y+10y*6o =0
Then,
,;+ 21. 3y(y-6)+1019-6) =0
x2 +(2x+1)z 58
(y - 6) (3y + 10)
=0
x(2x+1) 21
y-6 =0
or 3y+70 =0
21[x2+(2x+1)2) 58x Qx + 1)
Y =6
 |\TODERN'S abc -t OF MATHEMATTCS.X

= = x2 + 250x
375000 Short Answer Type Quesiions (SLAB-II)
= x2 + 25Ox
- =0
375000 4. A train covers a distance of 90 km at a uniform
-igil + * + 75Ox - 500r - 375000 = 0 speed. Had the speed been 15 km/h more, it would
have taken 30 minutes less for the joumey. Find the
+ x(x + 750) - 500(r + 750) = 0
original speed of the train.
+ (x +750) (r-500) = 0
5. A motor boat, whose speed is 9km/h in still water,
= x+750 = 0 goes 15 km down skeam and comes back in a total
or r -500 = 0 time of 3 hours 45 minutes. Find the speed of the
stream.
x= -750
6. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water
or x= 500.
takes t hour more to go 24 km upskeam than to
Thus, r= 500. retum to the same point. Find the speed of the
lRejecting x - because x> stream.
-750 07

Hence, the usual speed of the aeroplane is Long Answer Type Questions
= 500 km/hour. 7. The distance between Mumbai and Pune is
192 km. Travelling by the Deccan Queery it takes
48 minutes less than another train. Calculate the
EXERCISE 4(I) speed of the Deccon Queen, if the speeds of the two
trains differ by 20 km/h.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D 8. An aeroplane left 50 minutes later than its
scheduled time, and in order to reach the
1. The speed of a boat in still water is 8 km/h. lt can distination, 1250 km away in time, it had to increase
go 15 km upstream and 22 km downstream in 5
its speed by 250 km,/h from its usual speed. Find
hours. Find the speed of the stream.
its usual speed. (CBSE 2O1O)
A passenger train takes 2 hours less for a joumey
of300 km, if its speed is increased by 5 km/h from
its usual speed. Find its usual speed.
ANswEns
A train travels 288 km at a uniform speed. If the
speed had been 4 km/hmore, it would have taken 1. 3 kn/h. 2. 25 k{n/h. 3" 3zk:rr/h.
t hour less for the same joumey. Find the speed of
the train. (CBSES 2OO9)
4. 45 km/h. 5. 3 krn/h. it. 6 km/h.
t7
80 km/h. 8. 500 km/h.

Hrurs ro Selecreo Queslons

2. Let r km/h be the usual speed of the train.
15 _.
15 * --- 1s
lnen, =
3oo 9+x 9-x 4
Th".,, - -
24 24
x r+5
Let r km/h
6.
18-r 18+r -''
be the usual speed of the Motor boat.
7. Let x km/h be the speed of Deccan Queen.
The speed downstream = (9 + r) km/h 192 192 48
lnen, _-----:-:- = -]].
and speed upstre26 = (! - r) km/h. x-20 -r 6U
T@T MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

Let the snake be caught after time ,/,.

3C X+3 60
Thery (Iir.,e) Distance PSz
x+3-x 1 Speed
,(r+ 3) 60
3 1 'l8l
+ x' ...(z) [Using (1)l
(r+ 3) 60 u
180 = x(x+3) Also, _ S:Sz _ 27-x
12+3t-180 =0 uu .. (3)
From (2) and (3)
f+1.5x-12x-L80 =0
r(r+15)-1?(x+1.5) =0 J81.? 27-x
(.r + 1s) (r - 12) =0 uu
x+15 =0 :+ 8l + xz = 127 - 2612

or x-1-2 =0 = 8l +x2 = 729 -54x - x2

x = _15 = 54x = 648
or =L2 x = t4m.
x = 12. Hence, the snake is caught at a distance of 12 m from the
lRejecting x = -15, becouse number hole.
of days can't be -uel
Hence, the original duration of the tour is 12 days.
Elllp!" 5:A peacock is sitring on the top of a pilar, EXERCISE 4(')
which is 9 m high. From a bank 27 m from the bottom
of the pillar, a snake is coming to its hole at the base of Short Answer Type euestions (SLAB-I)
thepillar. Seeing the snake the peacock jumps on it. If 1. A. dealer sells a toy for t24 and gains 20 per cent
their speeds ale equal, at what distance'froi the hole of the cost price of the toy. Find the cost of price of
is the snake caught? (cBsE 2008) the toy.

Solution: Let z m/sec. be the common speed of the snake

2, If the list price of a toy is reduced by { 2, a person
can buy 2 toys more for t360. Find the oiiginal
and the peacock.
price of the toy.
Let P.be the position of the peacock and S. S, the initial . 3. A piece of cloth costs (35. If the piece wete 4 m
and final position of the snake respectiveiy.-
longer and each metre costs ( 1 iess, the cost would
P remain unchanged. How long is the piece?
4. A person on tour has (360 for his expenses. If he
extends his tour for 4 days, he has to iut down his
daiJy expenses by {3. Fhd the original duration of
the tour.
5. 19000 were divided equally among a certain
number of persons. Had there been 20 more
persons, each would have got {160 less. Find the
original number of persons.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
5. A factory kept increasing its output by the same
percentage every year. Find the percentage if it is
known that the output is doubl;d in thelast two
2in years.
Here PM= 9m,
s1M = z,/ m.
, 7. (r) In a dass tes! the sum of the marks obtained by
Let the snake be caught at Sr. P in Mathematics and Science is 2g. Had he got

Let
' 3 more marks in Mathematics and 4 marks liss
N,fs2 =
in Science, the product of marks obtained in the
Then s2s1 = two subjects would have been 1g0. Find the
Also, PS2 = (1) marks obtained by him in the two subject
separately. (CBSE 2008)
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
Sol. Let 'r' years be the age oI Zeba.
5 year ago, Z,eba's age = (a - 5) years.
By the question,
(r-5)2=5r+1t
* --!ox + 25 =5x + L1

* -70x + 25-5r-11 =0
*-15x+74=0
*-74x-x+'14=0
x(x - 1.4) -1.(x - 1.4) = 0 Sol. I€t width of the glass = I m.
(r-14)(r-1)=0 .'. I-ength of the pond = (50 - 2x) m
x-14=0andr-1=0 And breadth of the pond = (40 - 2r) m
x =L4,L. .'. area of the pond = (50 - 2r) (40 - 2a)1r?
1... x = l year is impossiblel and Area of the grass
Hence, Zeba's age = 14 years.
= (50 x 40) - (50 - 2r) (40 -2x).
Q. 6, At present Asha's age (in years) is 2 more than By the question, 2000 - [2000 - 100r - 80x+ 4r2i
the square of her daughter Nisha's age" When
Nisha grows to her mothels present age, Asha's = 1184
age would be one year less than 10 times the :+ -4* + 1.80x- 1184 = 0
present age of Nisha. Find the present ages of + 12-45x+296 = 0
both Asha and Nisha.
Sol. Let 'r' years be the present age of Nisha. = *-37x-Bx+296=0
.'. Presmt age of Asha 12 + 2. = x(x -37) -8 (x -37) = 0
I Nisha's age = * + 2,
y'hen = (r-37) (r-8) = 0
then Asha's age = 10x - 1. x = 37,8.
=
Difference between Nisha's present age and Clearly, width of grass = 8 m.
future age =* +2-x. .'. Length of pond = 50 -2 x 8 = 34 m
-Zx = 50
:. (* + 2) + (l + 2 - x) = 10x - 1 and breadth of pond = 40 - 2r = 40 - 2 x8 =24m.
+ 2*-x+4-10x+1=0 2 p.m., the time needed by the
Q. 8. At f minutes past
=) 2i -1.7x+5=O minutes hand of a clock to show 3 p,m. was
+ 2a2-7ox-x+5=0
Zx(x - 5\ - 1(r-5) =0 fourd to be 3 minutes less than It2 minutes.
=
+ (r-5) (2r-1)=0 Find f.
l Sol. By the question,
r=5and r.
Thus, x=5. :+ 6o-t= L-3
4

1...x=,
1
is impossiblcl
+ 240-11"= P-72
+ t2 + 4t-252= 0
Hence, Nisha's present age = 5 years
= t2+18t-14t-252=0
and Asha's present age = (5)2 + 2 =25+2=
27 yearc. = t(t + 1.8) --14 (, + 18) = 0
Q. 7, In the cenhe of d rcctangular lawn of dimensions + (r+18) (,-14)= 0
50 m x 40 m, a'rectangular pond'has to be
= t= -1.8,74.
constructed that the area of the grass surrounding
the pond would be 11E4 m2 (See figure), Find
Thus, t=1.4. [.'t>0].
the length and breadth of the pond, Hence,.l = 14 minutes.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS @I
EXERCISE
(l) The given equation is:
4x2-kx+1=0 ...(1) Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-I)
Since, r = -2 is a solution of (l),lGiz:enl Check whether the following (1-3) are quadratic
... x = -2 satisfies (1) equations:
i.e., 4(-2)2-k (-2) + 1 =0 (0 x2+5x-3-o
+ 4(4) +2k+1=0 1

1,6+2k+1=0
(t0 J3xz-5.x+ -=o
=
+ 2k = -17. (iii) - .l$x+7
2x2 =0
Hence, '17-r.
k= (i,i *-b+5=0
(a) 3x2-5x+7=*-5x+1'
(li) The given equation is: (oi *-4x=*-zx.
kxz +2x-3 = 0 ...(1)
(i) r-i=r',r*0 1

Since, x= Zis a solution of (l), [Git;enl

2.
r= 2 satisfies (1) 1

i.e., k(2)2+2(2)-3 = 0 (ii) x2-:; =2, x+o

x-
4*+4-3 = 0
1

4k = -1. (iii) x+: =2, x*O

x
.1
k=
Hence, -4. x+ ! = x2, x+0.
riztt
x
2
Ifr = -3 are roots of the quadratic
and r = 3. (, (x+2)3=f -6
| (ii) L6x2 -5 = (3r + 5) (5r - 3)
equation at2 + 7x + b = 0, find the values of a and b'
(CBSE 2015)
(ii) x(x+1)+6=(x +3) (r-3)
(io) (2x + 1) (3r + 2) = 3(r - 1) (r + 2).
The given quadratic equation is: In each ot the following questions (4 - 5), check whether
axz+Tx+b=g ...(1) the given values are solutions of the equation or not'
z 4. (, x2+x+ 2=0;x=0,L
Since, r= ! tarootof (1), lcturnl (iil e -3x + 2 = 0; x -- -2,'l'
6
/ n\ / ,\
'5 3* =L'lx;,= i,2
". "\9i 1l+h=o Uii\ +"lO
"ljl +71\3/
= 4n+42+9b=0 (ia) 8x2 - 22x - zt = 0; x = 5, 1.
2
4a+9b=-42 .(2)
= , = -3 is a root of (1), s. (0 x2-3Ji x +6=U x= -2'15, Ji
Since, lGioml
.'. a(+)2+7('3)+b=0 45
(ir) r--=1 13 . (x+0),x=;,-
i 9a-21.+b=0 IbJO

= 9a+b=21 .(3)
4
Muitiplying (3) by 9,
(iii) x + : = - 4 (x *0); x = -2,2
81a+9b=189 ...(4)
(io) abx2 + (b2 - ac\ x - bc = Ot - = 'O; , 'f
Subtracting (2) from (4),
77a=1.89+42 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
+ 77a = 23L
6. I:r eadr of the following, determine the value of 'k'
231
:+ a= , =3. for which the givm value is the solution of the
equation:
Putting the value ot a b (3),9(3) + b = 21'
b=21
(, kt2-3x+2=0;x=2
=) -27=-6.
5
Hence,a=3andb=-6. (ii) 3x2+kx+5=0;x= _;
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
Giaen, sum of areas of the squares = 468 m2. 5. The height of a right-angle triangle is 7 cm less
than its base. If the h)?otenuse is 13 cm, formulate
x2+(6+x)2=468 the quadratic equation to find the base of the
+ x2+(36+12x+x21 = 469 triangle.
= 2.i+12x-432=0 6. The length of a park is 3 m more than its breadth.
+ x2+6x-21-6=0, Formulate quadratic equation to find the
which is the required quadratic equation. dimensions of the park if the area of the park is
numerically equal its perimeter.
Long Answer Type Questions
7. The speed of a boat in still water is 11 km/h. It can
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB'I) go 12 km upstream and retum donmstream to the
1. Ihe product of two consecutive Positive integers is odginal point in 2 hours and 45 minutes. Formulate
240. Formulate the quadratic equation whose roots the quadratic equation, which represent thq above
are these integers. situation.
2. The sum of the square of two consecutive m]mbers 8. Two water taps together can fill a tank in
is 390. Formulate the quadntic equation to find the
two mrmbers. 91 hours. The larger lakes 10 hours less than the
8
3, The sum of the numbers is 15 and the sum of their
smaller one to fill the tank separately. Formulate
the quadratic equation to find the time in which
reciprocals is . Formulate the quadratic equation
10 each can separately fill the iank.
to find the two nrmbers.
ANswrns
Short An6r^'€r TyPe Questions (SLAB-ID
4. The product of Anil's age (in years) 3 years ago t.x2 + x-240 =O 2.2x2 +2x - 389 = 0
and his age (in years) 7 years later is 56. Formulate g.*-15x+50=0 4. x2+4x-77 =0
a quadratic equation to find his present age r. 5.x2 -7)c-60 = 0 6. Length=6m; Breadth =3m
7. x2 -ZS = O 8.4* - L15x + 375 =0.

Hrms ro Seucreo Quesrlorus

7. Let the speed of the boat be r km/h. 8. Let the smaller tap fi1l the tank in r hours.
Time taken for going 12 km uPstream Then, the larger tap will fiil up the tank in
12
(.r - 10) hours.

1L- x -8in 91h6ur"t

Portion of tank filled by smaller tap
Time taken fot going 12 km down stream 75
12 8x
= . hff(=f2)
11+ x
Smaller portion of tanJ< by larger taP in 91 horrc
8
i,+i, = (z+ffi)n.s 75
12 72 11 - 8(r - 10) '
etc.
=-+-=-
11-x 11+x 4 75 75 ='1,"t.
8x 8(x - 10)
4.3 SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION
There are different methods to solve quadratic equation.
These are as below:
(l) Solution by factorisation method.
(ii) Solution by completing square.
(lil) Solution by using quadratic formula (Shridharacharya's rule)'
We shall discuss one-by-one.
 MODEBN'S abc + OF MATHEMATICS-X
4.3.1. Solution of Quadratic Equation by Factorisation Method
Irr earlier classes, we have factorised.quadratic and other
-@ factorization to solve quadratic equation.
simple po\,nomials. Now we shall apply the method of

Let the quadratic equation be

a* + bx + t = 0,
where a+O ...(1)

{rx *
l,:, where p, q, r and, s are il
+ s), :X"1rl._O-",fjT^1^ .- bx + c be expressed as the producr of two linear factors; say Qtx +
real numbers and p + O, r + 0.
q) and
.'. ax2+bx+c=O
+ px+q=0 ardz+s=0
r.q,r
= __ ano-x _ _. =

lu-usrnarvr Exampus
Exampie 1: Solve the following quadratic equation by 4:c-1=O
factorisation method:
3x2-2J5+Z=g. (cBsE 2012, 10) 11
I = -or
Solution: 44 --
The given equation is 3r2 - 2 J6 x + 2 = 0
:+ Hence, .r = ;1 andx =
1
are the roots of the given
3*- Jox- J(x+2=o 4 ;
equation.
= J5r(J5r- Jz)-"Dqs x-"D) = o Example 3: Solve the following quadratic equations by
(J5x- Jl)(Jix* Ji)=o factorisation method:

OI
"t|x- JZ =0 4.fgx2+sx-2^tE =0.
J5x- "D
=o Solution: The given equation is:
a t
t1 a..ll*+5x-2"8 =s
t; t; 4Jj x2 + 8x - 3x -2Jj =O
or 1a
4x ("$, x + 2) - .Jj (.Jj x + 2) = o
./3 Vs'
GtE x +2) (ax-
Hence, .r = andr= are the roots of the given "5)=o
Jix+2=0
equation. or 4x- ^,li =s
T*r.*yfu_?,
Solve_the following quadratic equation by
factorisation method: 2

-1 +
2x!-x
r=O. t-
or
Solution: The given equation is 2l - r + 1 = 0. 4
8- 2 t;
Multiplying both sides by 8, we get, tOr2 Ax + t = O
Hence, x = - aj,la x = f, are the roots of the given
1.6x2-4x-4x+1=0 equation.
4x(4x-1)-1(4r-1)=0 Solve the following quadratic equations by
(4x-1)(4x-1)=o Iactorisation method:
4x-1.=0 x 1 x-3 1

x -2+ x-a=3i'x+2'a'
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
@I
Example 3: By the method of completing square, solve
75
x = -+: the following equation:
4+ *-Aax+4a2-f=0.
or ,=i-i Solution: The given equation is:
* - 4ax + 4a2 -b2 = 0
* -ux = -4a2+b2
+ - = *=, lTransposing mnstant terms to KHSI

or .=i=i x2 -4nx + 4n2 = -k2 +b2+ 4a2

1
vaains (lrceff.E r)' =(lr- +a)' = u
given equation'
Hence,.r = 3 and r = ; are the roots of the on both,sides\

Example 2: Solve: * - 6b + 1)r + J5 = 0 by the = * -z(u)(x)+ (2$2 = 8

(x -2'n)2 = *
method of comPleting squar€. +
Solutionr The given equation is: J x-2.a = tb
*-d5+ 1)r+^/J = e = x = Za+b
or x = 2.a-b.
+ l-(J5* r)x = -.15 Hence, x=2a + b and x =2-a.-b arethe toots of the given
lTransposing constant tefln to KHSI equation.

+[/J5+r)2
/ Js+r)2
= x2-1.11 + 1)r 2 .J =-J3- +l 2 ,J
EXERCISE 4(d)
r r -\2 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
tAddins ili#i onboth sidesl Solve the following quadratic equations by completing
the square:
7. *-4I-l=0.
( - J5*r)' (J5+t)'z-+Js
2. i-4.llx+6=0.
\.2) 4
s.2*-3x-l=0.
/ "5+t)' f J3 -1)- .4. 2.i+ x+4=0.
+ V- z ) =\ 2 ) 5.4x2-Bx+7=0.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
+ i- J5+r z-==
J5-r
2
Solve the following quadtatic equations by completing
the square:

y: J5+r Js-t 5. J2*-3x-2J' =0.

'"2-2
7. ^f3x' +tox+zJd =0.
-+-
-_ J5+r-.,6-t
22
8. *-4ex+4a2-*=0.
Long Answer Type Questions
Ja+r J5-r 9, Find the roots of the quadratic equation:
"'2 a2x2 - 3abx + 2b2 = 0 (if they exist)

-_ t; by the method of completing the square.

or x=1. 10. So1ve, by comPleting the square:

xz -(J2 +1)x+ ^t2 =9.
Hence, r= J5 andx= l are the roots of the given equation'
OUADRATIC EQUATIONS
EEi-
TABLE
Roots

_blJD
D>0 Real and distinct (unequal) 2n

-b -b
D=0 Real and equal 2a'2a
D<0 No real roots
I

lu-usrnnrve ExmlPus
Solu ti on:
Exarr.ple 1: Without solving the following equations,
comment upon the nature of their roots: (i) The given equation is:
@ z*-sx-L=o Ail 9*-6x +l=0 4*-3kx.+'l=0.
Gii\ a2x2 + ax + 1' = 0, Here, 'a' = 4, 'b' = 4k nd 'c' = L.
Solution: (i) The given equation is Lxz - 5x -| = 0' .'. D -- b2 - 4ac
Here,'a' = 2,'b' = -S Nrd'c' = -l- = (jD2 -
4 (4) (1) = 9k2 - 16.

D=b2-4ac The gi.ven equation has real and equal roots, if D = 0

= (-s)'z - 4 (2) (-1) + 9kz - L6 = 0

=25+8=33>0. ^16
.=)
Hence, the roots of the given equation are real and
distinct.
(ii) The given equation is 9r2 - 6r + 1 = 0' - X=x!.J
Here,'a' = 9,'b' = - 6and'r' = 1
tL
.'. D =b2-4ac Hence,k=- i-45andk=:.
= c q2 _ 4(9)(1) = 36 _ 36 = 0.
Hence, the roots of the given equation are real and equal' (il) The given equation is 3x2 - kr/i x + 4= 0.
(ili) The given equ at'Lon ls s2* + ax + L =0'
Hete,'a' = 3,'b' = -kJi x and'c' = 4.
Here,'a' = s2,'b'= a and'c'= 1.

D=b2-4ac .'. D = b2-4nc

= @)2 - 4@1$) -- a2 - 4a2
= (- k Ji x)2 - 4(3) (4) = 31: - a3'
= -iaz <0 l'.' a2 is +ztef
The given equation has real and equal roots + D = 0
Hence, the roots of the given equation are not real' z*-48 = o
Example 2: Find the nature of the roots of the following
quadratic equation:
tC-L6 = o
2*-5x+5=o. k2=16
Solution: The given equation is Zxz - 3x + 5 = 0'
Hence,k=t4.
Here,'a' = 2,'b' = -3 and 'c' = 5. (lll) The given equation is:
.'. D = b2 - 4ac -2-x 1L + 3k) + 7Q + 2k) =
x2 o.

= (1)2 -4 (2) (s) =e-40=-31 <0. Here,'a' = L,'b' = -2(1' + 3k) and 'c' = 7(3 + 2k)'
Hmce, the real roots do not exist. .'- D = b2 - 4ac
Example 3:Find the values of 'k'for which the lollowing = (a$ + 3ft)2 - 4(1) (7(3 + X))
equations have real and equal roots: = 4(1 +6k+9p)-28(3+2k)
(, 4t2-gka+L=O (CBSE 2012)
= 4+24k+361C-u-56k
Ai\ 3*-kJgx + E=o (CBSE SP 2018)
= 36P - 32k - 80.
(iA *-u (1 +3k) + 7(s +2k\=0. (CBSE 2002)
Etrr MODEBN'S abc + OF |VIATHEMAT|CS-X
The given equation has real and equal roots, if D = 0
:+ 36tC-3zk-80 = 0 = r=!.!
3'3
:+ 9tC-Bk-20 = o Hence, the real equal roots of the given equation are:
:+ 91? - 18k + 10k- 20 = 0 44
= 9k(k-2) + 10(k-2) = 0 turd 5
= (k - 2)(9k + 10) = 0 Example 5: If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation
L .r *^ 2* + px - 75 = 0 and the quadratiJequatio n pl(* + xl
OI 9k+10=0 + ft = 0 has equal roots, find the value of ,k,.
(AICBSE 2016)
10 Solution: Since -5 is a root of the equation:
9 2x2 + px -1,5 = 0,

Hence,k=zana-4. .'. 2(-q2 + p(-5) - 15 = 0

9 50-5p-15 = 0
Example 4: Find the values of ?, for which the following
equations have real and equal roots:
5P=a5
li)2k*-4Ox+25=0 (ii) gx2
- 2bt + k = O.
P=7 .(1)
Now, the equation p(xz + x) + k = O
Also, find the roots in each case.
Solution:
Le., pxz+px+ k= 0 has equal roots.
(l) The given equation is: ' (P)2 - aP(k) = o

2hc2 - +25 = O
40x ...(1)
+ 49 - 4(7)k = 0. lusing (1)l
Here,'a' = 2k,'b' = - 40 and'c,=25. Hence. k' = !=Z
28 4'
.'. D = b2 _ 4ac __ (_ 40)2 _ 4 Qk) (25)
Example 5: Find the value of ?, for which the following
= 1600 - 200k.
equations have real roots:
The given equation has real and equal roots, if D = 0 (0 s*-kt+t=o li\ z*-kx +2=0.
+ 1600 - 200k = 0
:+ k=8. Solution: (i) The given equation is Sr2 - kr + 1 = 0.
Putting k = 8 in (1), we get; Here'a' = 5,'b' = - k and'c' = l.
16*-4Ox+25=0 .'. D =b2-4ac
= (4x - 5)2 = O = (b2-4O)$)=k2-20.
)5 The given equation has real roots, if D ) 0
'- 4'i + p-zo> o

Hence, the real equal roots of the giv"r, u,", =

or
k<_Jro
"qrution f, k> Jro
5
*d a' 1... x2 - a2 2 O =+ x 3 - a or x 2 a)
(ll) The given equation is: Hence, k<-zJE or k>26.
9x2-24x +k=0 ..(1) (ll) The given equation is 2r2 - k: + 2 = 0.
Here 'a' = 9,'b' = -24 ar,d'c' = k. Here'a' = 2,'b' = - k and'c' = Z.
.'. D = b2-4ac .'. D =b2-4ac
= (14)2 _ 4 O) (k) = s76 _ 36k. =(-D2-qQ)e)=k2-M'
The given equation has real and equal roots, if D = 0 The given equation has real roots, if D ) 0
= 576-36k =0 + P-16>o
=. k = 1.6. =) k<-4
Putting k = 16 in (1), we get: or k24 1...x2-az20=xS-aorx2a)
9*-zbc+16=0 Hence, k<*4
(3x - 4)2 g
= = or k>4.
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS
!@I
Example 7:Find the value of 'k'forwhich the equation Solution: The given equation is:
* - +x + k = 0 has distinct real roots. @-0*+(b-c)x+(c-a)=s'
Solution; The given equation is i - 4x + k = 0' .'. Discriminent,
Here'a' = 1.,'b' = - 4 and'c' = k. P = (b-c)2-4(a-b)(c-a)
.'. D =b2-4ac = (b2 + c2-zbc) - 4(ac - fr-bc + ab)
= ( q2 _ 4 (1) (k) = 16 - 4k. = 4az + bz + c2 - 4ab + \bc- 4ac
The given equation has distinct real roots, iI D > 0 = (-2a+b+c)2.
16-4k> 0 Now, roots are equal, if D = 0
=
J 4k< L6. (-2a +b + c)z = 0
Hmce, k< 4.
-2a+b+c= 0.
Example 8: Find the value of 'k' for which the equation: Hence, b+c= 2a.
xz + Skx + 16 = 0 has no real roots.
Solution: The given equation is xz + Sks + 16 = 0'
Here,' a' = f,'b' = 5k and' c' = 16.
.'. D =b2-krc
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-I)
= $b2 - 4 (1) (16) = zse - 64.
1. Without soiving the following equations, comment
The given equation has no real roots, i{ D < 0 upon the nature of its roots:
+ 251? - 64 < 0 (, 2x2-3x+5=0
/,. _-64\I < 0 (ii) 9x2-9x+l=0
,51
-- k-
\ 25) Uii) 2*-5x-4=0

')\ P-4.0 (it;) 5v"2-LZn5 x +7 =O

25
l. ab<0 and'>0+'<0] (?,) 3r+t=10
R8
__ < A < -
'(5 (ai) (x-2a)(x-2b)=4ab
' l': (xz - a21 <o=-a.-xcal (z:ii) (b + c)x2 - (a + b + c)x + a = O'
88 2. Find the discriminant of the following quadratic
Hence, -:55( k< -' equation and hence find the nature of its roots:

Example gtlf ad *bc, then prove that the equation: (4 zxz -1.6x + 30 = 0 (,1) x2+8r+16=0
(a2 +b2\x2 + 2(ae +bit\x+G2+*)=0 12
(iii]r
,)J
has no real roots. lAr CBSE 20171 =/-;r+L=0
3. Which of the foltowing equation has both roots
Solution: The given equation is:
equal?
(az + bz)i + 2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d2) = 0.
Here' a' = a2 + b2,'b' = 2(ac + bd) and' c' = c2 + d2'
(4 9*'rb+4=o
.'. D=*-4ac (ii) 9x7-6x+4--0
= 4(ac + bd)z - 4 (a2 + bz)(c2 + d2) (iii) 3x2-2J6x+z=0.
= 4[k2& + tldz +ubcd) - @2i + azdz + Pt + Fd2)l 4. Find the value of ?' for which the following equation
has real and equal roots:
= 4l-@2d2 + bz/ -z(ad)(bc))l
= - 4(ad - bc)z . (r) 3x2-5x+2k=0
l{hen ad + bc, then 4(ad - bc)z > 0 (ii) 4x2+kt+9=0
- 4(ad - bc)z < 0 (iii) 9xz -24x +k=0
D<0. (io) x2+k(2x+k- 1)+2=0 (CBSE 2017)
Hence, the given equation has no real roots'
k)) 4t'2(k + 1)r + (k + 4) = 0
Example 10: If the roots of the equation: (ri lCxz -2(2k - 1)x + 4=o
(a - bl x2 + lb - c\x + G - a\ = o
(aii) (k + 1)x2 - 2 (3k + 1)r + (8k + 1) = 0'
are equal, prove thu16 a 2 = 2a.
 MODERN'S abc + OF TVATHEMATTCS_X

Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II) 13. If the roots of the e qrtatron (a2 + b2)* - 2@c + bd)x
5. ?' for which
-!m Find the values of
quadratic equation has real roots:
the following
- G2 + 421= 0 are equal, prove that 4 =
! .

(, 2*+lcx+3=0 (ii) kl+6x+1=O a!clsnzor^

(iii) 3i+2x+k=0 (io) 2*+kt-4=0. 14. Check whether the equation 5l - 6r - 2 = 0 has
real roots and if it has, find them by the method of
6. Find the least value of ?'for which the equation
completing the square. Also, verify that roots
x2 + kx + 4= 0 has real roots.
obtained satisfy the given equation.
Z, Find the value of 'k' for which the following
quadratic equation has real and distinct roots: ANswrns
(, *-kt+9=0
(i) ki+2x+L=0. 1. (4 Not real (ii) Real and distinct
(lll) Real and distinct (la) Real and distinct
A. Find the vahte of'k', when (4 - k)* + (Zk + 4)x (a) Real and equal (z.rl) ReaI and elistinct
+ (8k + 1) is a perfect square.
(a,ll) ReaI and distinct
Long Answer Type Questions 2. (il 16; real and distinct
9. If the roots of the equation:
(& - ab1x2 - zlsz - bc)x + (b2 (ll) 0; real and equal (lll) -ff;notreal
- ac) = 0
are equaf prove that either a = 0 or d + F + & = Zabc. 3. (, Yes (,0 No (lll) Yes
(AI CBSE 2017) '25
4. (r) k=u (ii) k=t12 (iii) k= L6
10. I{ the equation:
1
1t + m2)* +-2mcx + (c2 - a21 = 0 has equal roots, (i7,) k=2 (o) k=5,-3(ai) k=
4
prove that c2 = a2 (1 + m2). (t:ii)k=O,g
11, If the roots of the equation (b-c)x2+(c-a)x+
(a - b) = 0 are equal, prove that 2b = a + c.
s. (, k=<+J6 ork=>2J6
1

12. If the roots of the equations ax2 + \bx + c = O and, (ii) k<e (,i0 k<; (iu) ke R
bx2 -ZJi x + b = 0 are simultaneously real prove 6. k=4
that b2 = ac. 7. (, k+-6ork>6 (ii) k<l
8. k = 0,3 14. Yes.

Hrrurs ro SeucrEo Quesnons

4. (aii)D = 0 11. D=0
+ 4 (3k + 1)2 - 4 (k + 1)(8k + 1) =0 (c-a)2-4(b-c)(a-b) =O
=
= 4 [(3k+ 1)2-(k+ 1)(8k + 1)] =0 (c2 -Zca + - 4(ab -b2- ca +bc) =o
+6k+ 1)-(8k2
= az)

= 4l(91? + k + 8k + 1)l =0 + i + a2 + 48-4ab - 4bc + Zca =O

t? -sr =0 = (c + a -2b)2 =O
= k(k-3)=0 c+a_Zb =0
+ k= 0,3.
=
=) 2b =a+c.
8. D = 0 gives the values ofk. HereDr)0andDr)0
g, D = 4a(a3 + F + c3 - Zabc) 4b2 -4ac >0
Now, D = 0 + k(a3 +b3 + c3 - 3abc) =O and 4ac-4P >O
= a(a3+F+c3-3abc1 =o b2>ac
=:) a =0 and ac 2b2
or a3 +b3 + c3-Zabc =0. b2 = ac.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS J,,,lI
4.5APPLICATIoNSoFQUADRATICEQUATIoNFoRSoLVINGwoRDPRoBLEMS
such problems
In this sectio4 we shall discuss simple problems, which we face in our day-to-day life. we shallsolve
problem, we shall follow the following algorithm'
*iU. ifre uppti"atlon of Quadratic Equton. In order to solve such
ALGORTTHM
Step i: Translate the word problem and formulate the quadratic equation'
Siep II: Solve the quadratic equation, which has been formed in Step I'
Step III: Check the answer by applying it the requirement of the problem'

We illustrate the topic in the following examples:

IuustRltve ExmaPlrs
Example 1: Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and + (r-3)(r-6) = 0
product is 182. + r*3 =0
Solution: Let the required numbers be x and 27 - x. or x-6 =0
Then, x(27 - x) = 182 + x =3
= 27x-* = 1,82 or x =6.
= *-27x+ 182 = 0 Hence, the two numbels are 3 and 6.
+ x2 -13x- + 182 =
74x 0

+ x(r - 13) -14(x - 13) =

112.+1 31
{A= 6 =i=r.
A
Veification:
+ (r- 13) (r-14) =0
:r r-13 =0 Example 3: The sum of the squates of two consecutive
odd integers is 394. Find numbers.
or x-14 =0
Solution: Let the required consecutive positive odd
= x =13 integers be r aid (x + 2).
or x = 14. Then, i+ (x +z)? = Z9+
Hence, the two numbers are 13 and 14.
+ *+(*+4t+4) = 394
Veificatior 13 + L4 = 27 ar.d (13) (14) = 182.
+ 2*+ 4x- 390 =0
Example 2: The sum of two numbers is 9. The sum oI
= x2+2x- 195 =0
7
their reciprocals is
; . Find the numbers.
= x2+15x-13x-195 = 0
Solution: Let the required numbers be r and 9 - r' + r(r+15)-13(r+15) = 0
= (r+ 15) (r-13) =0
117
l*-
Then, x 9-x =i z = r+15 =0
or r-13 =0
9-x+x 1
- x(9 - r) z = x = -"15
or x = 13.
91 15 and
x(9-x) - 2 When r = - 15, then the required numbers are -
-13.
18 = x(9 -x)
\,ly'hen x = 13, then the required numbers are 13 and 15.
18 = 9x-x2
Hence, the required numbers are (-15 and -13)
x2-9x+"18 = 0 or (13 and 15).
x2 -3x- 6x + 18 = 0 Veification: (-15)2 + (-13)2 = 225 + 169 = 394
x(x-3) -6(r-3) = 0 and (13)2 + (15)2 = 1,69 + 225 = 394.
QUADRATIC EOUATIONS
iEitr
14. The sum of two numbers is 18. The sum of their
or y =_310 1

reciorocals is -; . Find the numbers.

10
But V =- g
The sum oI two numbers is 8. Determine the
. x = v2= wfricn is a fraction
$, numbers, i{ the sum of their reciprocals is fr '

Thus V'"10
=T is rejected
76. The sum of two numbers a and b is 15 and the sum
A =6
1
i ,t *
x = v"=5b of rheir reciprocats and Find the
=
Hence, the number of camels = 36. numbers a and b.

t7. The difference of squares of rwo numbers ii 88 lf

the larger number is 5 less than twice the smaller
number, then find the two numbers.
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
18. The differmce of two numbers is 4. If the difference
1. anumberandilssqua."i" fioa tn"
The sum of f L
number. of their reciprocals is find the numbers'
7,
2. The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 3$' 5 and the
19. The difference of two numbers 1S
Find the number'
1
3. Find two consecutive natural numbers whose difference of their reciprocals is . Find the
10
squares have the sum 85.
numbers.
4, Find two consecutive natural numbers whose
product is 20. 20. Three consecutive positive integers are such that
5. Find two consecutive even integers whose squares the sum of the square of the fust and the product
have the sum 340. of other two is 46, find the integers.(CBsE 2010)

6. The sum of two numbers is 15. The sum of their 21. The difference of squares of two natural numbers
is 45. The square of the smaller mrmber is 4 times
,]

reciprocals is Find lhe numbers

;. the larger number. Find the two numbers'

7. Two numbers differby 3 and their product is 504' 22. A two-digit number is such that the product of the
Find the numbers. digits is 15. If 18 is added to the number, the digits
8. Divide 57 into two Parts whose product is 782' are interchanBed. Find the number.

9. Find two consecutive positive integers, the sum of Long Answer TYPe Questions
whose squares is 365.
23. Divide 16 into two parts such that twice the square
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-ID of the larger part exceeds the square of the smaller
part by 1-64.
10. The sum of two numbers is 48 and their product is
432. Find the numbers' 24. A two-digit number is such that product of its
digits is 14. If 45 is added to the number, the digits
11. The sum of the squares of two numbers is 233 and inierchange the places Find the number.
one of the number is 3 less than twice the other 25. The denominator of a {raction is 3 more than its
number. Find the numbers. numerator. The sum of the fraction and its reciprocal
12. The sum of squares of two consecutive natural o
numbers is 421. Find the numbers. is 2;. Find the fraction.

13. The difference of two numbers is 4. If the difference 26. The sum of first fl even natural number is given by
4 the relation S = n(n+l).Ftndnifthe sum is 420'
of their reciprocats is ;, find the numbers'
E/gN MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

ANswrns 72. 14, 15 13. 6,7

14. 6,72 15. 3,5
79 , 165 16, a = 5, b = 1.0, or a = 10, b = 5
-or--
22 Tot 16 3' (6,7)
17. 13, 9 18. 7,3 19. 10,5
4. 4,5 s. 72, L4 6. 4, 12
20. 4,5, 6 21. 9,6 22. 35 23. 10,6
7. (21,24) or (-24, -21) 8. 23, U 2
24. 27 26.20.
9. 13,74 10. 12,36 17. 8, 13 u

Hrrurs ro Selecreo Quesnots

1. Let 'x' be the required number.
11 3
and
lhenr+x'= -63 ab 10
-'4 b+a 3
3. Let '/ and (x + 1) be two consecutive numbers. ab 10
Then 12 + (r + 1)2 = 85. 153
5. Let 'I' and (.r + 2) be two consecutive even integers. ab 10
Then 12 + (x + 212 = 349. ab = 50.
7. (r - 3) = 504.
(.x) 20. x2+(x+1)(x+Z)=46.
n2" x2 + (x + 1)2 = 421. 23. Let jr and (x - 16) be two pads, where 'r' is large

114 Then Zxz - (x - 1.6)2 = 164.

"' x x-4- 21' 24. Let 'x' 'y'be ten's and units digits respective.
aurrd

16. a+b=15. The xA =74

and +
10x + 11 45 =10y + x.
4.5.2 Problems Based on Ages
We illustrate the topic in the following examples:

luusrnrtve Exltvrples
Exanple 1: Is the lollowing situation possible? If so, Example 2: Seven years ago Varun's age was five times
determine their present ages. The sum of the ages of the square of Swati's age. Three years hence Swati,s
two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the product of age will be two-fifth of Varun's age. Find their present
their ages in years was 48. ages. (cBsE 2006 c)
Solutionr Let the present ages of two friends be r years Solution: Seven years ago, Iet Swati's age be x years.
and (20 - r) years.
Then, Varun's age = 5:2 years.
Four ago, their ages were (x - 4) year s and (?O -x- 4) i.e., .'. Swati's present age = (x + 7) years
(16 - r) years.
arrd Varun's present age = (5x2 + 7) years.
By the questiory
Three years hence,
(x-4)(1.6-x) = 48
Swati's age = (x+7+ 3)=(r+10)years
+ 76x-*-64+4x = 48
Varun's age = (5x2 +7 +3) = (5i +10) years.
+ i -z}x+ 712 = O.
Here, D = G -Uzc = (-20)2 - 4(1X112) By the question,
+ = 400 - 448 r+10 = l6rr*to1
+ = -48<0. 5
.'. x is not real. + x+10 = 2x2+4
Hence, the question is not possible. + 2x2-x-6 = 0
QUADRATIC EOUATIONS 3@-
+ Zxz -4x + 3x- 6 = 0
4th)
+ 2x(x-Z) +3(r-2) = 0
= (x-Z)(zx +3) =0 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
- n -o
One year ago, a man was 8 times as old as his son.
or 2x+3 =7 Now his age is equal to the square of his son's age
v =7 find their presmt ages.
3
or x = -2. The sum of the age of a man his son is t15 years. Five
years ago/ the product of their ages was four times
But r can't be -ve. the man's age at that time. Find their Present ages.
. v =)
A girl is twice as old her sister. Four years hence,
Hence, Swati's present age =(2+4=9yearc
the product of their ages (in years) will be 150. Find
and Varun's Present age = (5 x 22 + 7)
the their present ages.
= Q0+n=27yearc.
Example 3: The age of a man is twice the square of the Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
age of his son. Eight years hence, the age of the man The difference of a father's age and his son's age
will be 4 years more than three times the age of his eon. is 21 years and twelfth part of the product of their
Find their present ages. (cBsE 2009 c) ages is less the father's age by 18 years. Find their
Solution: Let the Present age of the son be r years. ages.
Therl the present age of the man = (2x2) yearc. An:n is k years old while his mother's Mrs. Khanna
Eight years hence, the age of the man = (2r2 + 8) years. is ts years old. 5 years hence, Mrs. Kharma will be
Then the age of the son = (r + 8) years. three times as old as Arl.n. Find their Present ages.
By the question, The sum of the ages of a boy and his brother is 25
2x2 +8 = 3(r+8)+4 years, and the product of their ages in years is 126.
+ 2x2-3x-20 =0 Find their ages.

= 2x2-8x+5x-20 =0 7. The product ofReena's age (in years) 5 years ago and
Zx(x - 4) +5(x-4) =0 her age 8 years later is 30. Find her present age.
=
+ (x-4)(2x+5) =0
x-4 =0
or 2x+5 =0 ANswrns
x =4
1. Son: 7 years; Father: 49 yeam
5
x 2. Man: 36 years; Son: 9 years
2'
5 3. Girl; 12 years; Sister: 6 years
But x 4. Father: 24 years; Son: 3 years
2
l : Age cannot be --ael 5. Arun: 5 years; Mother: 25 years
Hence, son's present age = 4 years 6. Boy: 18 years; Brother: 7 years
and son's present age = (2 x 42) = 32 years- 7. 7 years.

Hrrurs ro Selecreo Quesrtots

Let '/ years be the age of the son 1 year ago. Five years ago, man's age = (x - 5) years
Man's age one year ago = 8r .r (x-5) (45 -x-5)=4(x-5).
Present age of son = (r + 1) years Let 'r' years be the age of the eider boy.
Present age of man = (8r + 1) years. Then, his brother's age = (25 - x) years.
Then,8x+1=(r+1)2. :. x(25 - x) = 726.
Let 'x' years be the presmt age of the man. 7. Let Reena's present age be r years.
Then, persent age of his son = (45 - r) years .'. (x-5) (r+8) =30'
- -
E,gN l\,IODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATICS-X

4.5.3 Problems Based on Time and Distance

We illustrate the topic in the following examples:

l-lusrnarrvg Examples
Example 1: A ioumey of 192 km from Mumbai to Pune Solution: Let the original speed of the train be r km/h,
takes 2 hours less by superfast train than by an ordinary x>0.
train. If
average speed oI the ordinary train is
15 km/h less than that of the fast train, find the average !99 6orrr.
Time taken to cover 300 km at x km/h =
speed of each train. x
Solution: Let average speed of the superfast train be Time taken to cover 300 km at (r + 5) km/h
r km/h (r > 0).
The average speed of the ordinary train = x+5
j9n
= (x _ 16)km/h.
Dislarce lo be covered - 192 km. By the question,

Time taken by the superfast train to cover journey 300 300

192
x x+5
-_-=2
= hours.
- 300r+1500-300r
Time taken by the ordinary train to cover journey r(x + 5) -1

192
= -------:-
x-16
hours. 1500
x- +.5r
By the question,
1500 = 2x2 + ').0x
192 '192
=i x2+5x-750 =0
x-16 x
x2 + 30x -25x -750 = 0
3072
=
= ,(, - 16) -2 = x(x + 30)-25(r+30) = 0
(r + 30) (x-25) = 0
::) =
3072
= r+30 =0
=) 2i - 32x - 3072 = 0 or x-25 =O
= x2-1.6x-1536 =o x = -30
x2-48x +32r-1536 = 0
=
= or x = 25.
=+ x(x - 48) + 32(x - 48) = 0 Thus, t = 25.
=) (r-48) (r + 32) =0 lRejecting x = -30 because x > 01
:+ r-48 =0 Hence, the speed of the train
or x+32 - 0 = 25km/h.
= x =48 Example 3: A motorboat whose speed is 24 km/h in still
or x = -32. water takes t hour more to go 32 km upstream than to
Thus, x = 48. return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of
the stueam. (AICBSE 2016)
lRejecting x = -32 because x > 0l
Hence, the average speed of superfast train
Solution: Speed of motor boat in still water = 24 km/h
Let speed of stream ber km/h, where x > 0.
= 48 km/h
and the averge speed of ordinary train
.'. Speed downstream = (24 + r) km/h
and speed upstream = Qa - x) kn/h.
= 48 - L6 = 32 km/h.
.'. Time, taken by motor boat to travel 32 km upstream
Example 2: A train covers a distance of 300 km at a
uniform speed.Ifthe speed oI the train is increased byi
5 km/h, it takes 2 hours less in the journey. Find the
original speed of the train. (Ar cBsE 2017)
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS EEII,
Time, taken by motor boat to travel 32 km downstream 60x 9
32 x' 225 2
24+ x
20x .,
By the question,
t-n5=,
32
4Ox=3 - 675
24-x 24+ x
3x2-4ox-675=0.
t1
,^t_--l 1l Here, D = (- 40)2 - 4(3)(- 675) = 1,600 + 8100 = 9700.
rzl24- x 24+x)
40+!6
lz++x-24+xl
o.rt--t ^ 2(3)
"t s76-x' .l

q'tl
I zx I 40 +
^l97oO
6
=- - x- )
"' 15/6 I

= s76-*
64x 40:+1-O..l97

f+64x-576 =0. 6

Here, D = *-4ac 20+5.,1w

$4)2 - 4$) (- 576)
4096 + 2304 = 6400 > 0.
Thus, r= 20 + 35.1s7 ' [.r>o]
-brJD - 64t J64oo
2a - 2(1)
20,5.iq'7
Hence, the speed of boat - '"-i" " tcmZt .
-64180
z
=-32t40=-72,8.
Example 5: An aeroplane lelt SO'minutes later than the
Thus x=8. [...r> 0l scheduled time and in order to reach its destination
Hence, the speed of the stream = 8 km/h. 1500 km. away in time it had to increase its speed by
250 km/hr from the usual speed. Find the usual speed.
Example 4: Speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/h. It
goes 30 km upstream and refurns back at the same Solution: Let the usual speed of the aeroplane be
point in 4 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed of the = x km/hour,
stream. r>0.
Solution: Let the speed of the stream ber km/h. .'. The increased speed of the aeroplale
.'. Speed of boat upstream = (r - 15) km/h = (r + 250) km/h
and speed of boat downstream = (r + 15) km/h. Time taken to cover 1500 km with usual speed
15oo
Distance = ho*'
Now, Time = Speed
x
Tirne taken to cover 1500 km with increased speed
30
.'. ll time for upstream =
x
1500
hours
-L5 ,.a256
30 By the question,
and ,2, time for downstream =
x+15' 1500 1500 1

By the question, t1 + t2 = 4.5 hours x x+250 2

30309
__! 1500ir + 1500 x 250 - 1500n 1

x -15 x+15 - 2 r(r + 250) 2

- 1500 x 250
I x+15+.r-151 1.

,ol r' + 250x 2

-z _r1q I
,
IET MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

diameter take 10 hours more than the pipe of larger

Two pipes running togeiher can fill a tank ir 11+ diameter to fill the pool. (CBSE 2015)
9
minutes. If one pipe takes 5 minutes more than the
other to fill the tank separately, find the time in
which each pipe would fill the tank separately. Arqswens
6. To fiIl a swimming pool two pipes are used. If the
1. 30 days 2. A=1.0 days; B = 15 days
pipe of larger diameter used for 4 hours and the
pipe of smaller diameter for t hours, orLly half of 3. 30 hows 4. 20 minutes, 25 minutes
the pool can be filled. 5. 15 hours, 25 hours
Find, how long it would take for each pipe to fill 6. Larger 20 hours, smaller 30 hours.
the pool seperately, if the pipe of the smaller

Hnrs ro Seucreo Quesrous

1. Let B take'r'days to finish a work.
111
Then A alone can finish the work in (r - 10) days.
rh"ru;*r_ro=u
4.5.5 Problems Based on Measurement
We illustrate the topic in the following examples:

Iu-ustnnrve Exltttples
Example 1: The hypotenuse of right triangle is 1 m less
than twice the shortest side. If the third side is 1 m Now, ar (AABC) = 1 (Base)(Height)
more than the shodest, find the sides of th€ triangle. 2
L
Solution: Let the shortest side of right triangle be x m. 60 = 1(3x-1)(sx)
Hypotenuse = (2r-1)m
" 120 = L5x2-5x
side = (r + 1) m.
and the third
By Pythagoras' Theorem, =) '1.5x2
- 5x - 120 = 0
+ 3x2 -x-24 =0
- 1)2 = x2 + (x +1)2
(2x
3x2-9x + 8x -24 =0
4x2-4x+1 = *+@2+2x+1) =
2i-6x = 0 + 3x(x-3) + 8(r-3) =0
-(x-3)
*-3x = 0 =.) (3x + 8) =0
r(/-3) = 0 = r-3 =0 B (3, - 1) cm C

x =0 or 3r+8 =0
or + x =3
Thus,r=3m. 8
or
1... Side of triangle is neaer 0 |
Hence, the sides of the triangle are 3 m, (2(3) - 1) m and Thus,
4mi.e.,3 m,4 m and 5 m. ['.' x can't be --oel
Example 2: The length of the sides of a right-angled AC = 5(3) = 15 cm
triangle are 5r cm and (3x - 1) cm. If the area of the and BC = 3(3)-1=8cm.
triangle is 60 sq. cm, find the hypotenuse. Now, by Pythagoras' Theorcm,
Solution: Let ABC be a rightangled triangle, right-angled AB2= AC2+BCz
at C. = (r5)2 + (8),
Let AC = 5r cm and BC = (3r - 1) cm. = 225 + 64 = 289.
Hence, h)?otenuseAB = 17 cm.
OUADHATIC EOUATIONS @I
Example 3: The perimeter of a rectangular {ield is Cost of laying flower bed
82 m ind area is 400 sq. m. Find the breadth of the = (Area o{ the flower bed) (Rate per sq. m)
rectangular field.
= (44 - 2x)'t x ry
Solution: Let 'x' metres be breadth of the rectangular 100
fie1d.
Perimeter = 82m
Now,
2(Length + Breadth) 82
= t r*-zx)z=11122-rr2.
= Cost of gravelling the Path
Length + Breadth 41
= = (Area of the Path) (Rate Per sq. m)
J Length + jr 41.

= Length = (41 - x) m.
(176x-4x21"
- 150
= 6\44x -
Now, area 400 m2 = ffi x2).

+ Length x Breadth 400

By the question,
+ - r)(r)
(41 400
1l(22 - x)2 + 6144x -
xzl= +904
r x2- 41x + 400 0
Mx + x21 + 1264x - 6x2) = 4994
x2-25x-'r6x+4oo 0 =11.(484-
5x2 - z20x + 420 = 0
x(x - 25) - - 2,5)
1.6(x 0 =
J x2- Mx + 84 = 0
(r - 2s) (r - 16) 0
+ x2-42x-2x+84 = 0
x-25 0
x(x - 42) -2(x - 42) = o
or x-16 0 =
(x - 42) (x -2) = 0
x 25 = v_L' = O
or x=L6. x-2 = 0
or
Hence, the breadth of the rectangular field
= 25mor 16m.
OI
Example 4: There is a square field whose each side is
Thus,
44 m. A square flower bed is prepared in its centre
leaving the gravel path and round the flowerbed. The lRejecting x = 42, becnuse side of square = 44 m\
total cost of laying the flower bed and gravelling the Hence, the width of the gravel path is 2 m.
path at {2.75 and ?1.50 per square metre, resPectively
is (4904. Find the width of the Sravel path.
Solution: Let ABCD be the square field and PQRS be the EXERCISE 4(K)
flower bed.
Short Answer TyPe Questions (SLAB-I)
Let 'x' m be the width of the gravel path.
Each side of the square bed = (M - Zx)m.
The hypotenuse of a right triarrgle is 20 m. If the
difference between the lengths of the other two
sides of the triangle be 4 m, find the length of other
sides.
The diagonal of a rectangular field of 50 metres
more than the shorter side. If the longer side is 30
metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of
the field.
The perimeter of rectangular field is 82 m and its
area is 400 sq. m. Find the length and breadth of the
Now,
rectangle.
ar (ABCD) Mx44=1936m2
The length of a hall is 5 m more than its breadth.
ar (PQRS) (44 - 2x)2 mz
If the area of the floor of the hall is 84 sq. m, find
.'. ar (gravel path) ar (ABCD)- ar (PQRS) the length and breadth of the ha11.
1936-(44-2x)2
Is it possible to design a rectargular park of
1936-(1936-176x+4x2) perimeter 80 m and area 400 m2? If so, find its
(175x - 4xz). length and breadth.
 MODERN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS_X
Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II) A chess board contains 54 egual squares and the

-]sE The hypotenuse of a grassy land in the shape of a

right triangle in 1 metre more than twice the Jhorter
area ot each square is 6.25 crnz. A border round the
board is 2 cm width. Find the length of the side of
side. If the third side is 7 metres more than the the dress board.
shorter side, find the sides of the grassy land. The area ofa rectangular plot is 528 m2. The length
of the plot (in metres) is one metre more than tr.tice
7. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 315 m. If the
its breadth. Find the length and breadth of the plot.
smaller side is tripled and the larger side is (CBSE 2014)
doubled, the new hypotenuse will be 15 m. Find
the length of each side.
8. The area of a right angled triangle is 600 cm2. If the
Artswrns
base of the triangle exceeds the altitude by
10 cm, find the dimensions of the triangle. l. 16 m,12 m. 2. 120 m ,90 m. 3. 25 m, 16 m.
9. The perimeter of a right triangle is 60 cm. 4, 12m,7 m. 5. Yes, 20 m, 20 m. -
Its hypotmuse is 25 crn. Find the areiof the aiangle. 6. 8 m, 15 m. 7.3 m;6 m.
Long Answer Type Questions 8. Base = 40 cm; Altitude = 30 cm
t0. A_farmer prep^ares a rectangular vegetable garden 9. 150 cm2
of area 180 mz. With 39 mehes of barred wire, he 10. (l=24rr.,b =7.5m) or (l = 15 m, b=72m)
can fence the three sides of the garden, leaving one 17. 24 c,n
of the longer sides unfenced. Find the dirneniions 12. 33 m, 16 m.
of the garden.

Hnrs ro Selecreo Queslous

5. Let '.r' m be the breadth.
Let 'r' cm be the altitude.
Then 2(length + breadth) = 82 Then, base = (r + 10) cm.
=r Length = 41 - r. .'. Area = 600
Now, area = 400
x(41 - r) = 400
+ 1

1(r + 10) (r) = 600

=
= x2 - + 400 = 0.
41,x
= x2 + '!,0x - 1200 = 0.
I-el'x' and'y'bethe smaller and larger sides.
10. Let 'x' be the length. Then breadth =
:. xz + yz = 1zJi12 x -.
"O
Now,
+ x2+f =45 ..(1)
180+ _
If smaller side be 3r and larger be 27 then x+ _ 180
=39
xx
(3x)2 + (zy)2 = (t')z
360
= 9x2 + +f = ZZS ...e) x+
x =39
Solve (1) and (2). x2
-
+ 360
-3gx =0.
4.5.5 Problems Based on Miscellaneous Applications
We illustrate the topic in the following examples:

luusrnmve Exruupus
Example 1: In a €lass test, the sum of Shefali,s marks Solution: Let Shefali get r marks in Mathematics and
in Mathematies and English 30. Had she got 2 marks
more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the
(30- r) marks in English.
By the question,
product of their marks would have been 210.1ind her
marks in the two subiects. (x + 2)(27 -r) = 270
OUADBATIC EQUATIONS @I
Solution: Let number of books bought be r.
= 27x - x2 + 54-Zx = 2L0 ofrbooks = {
+ x2-25x+ 155 = 0 Cost 80

/ -tgx-12-x+ \56 = 0
= x(x 80
+ - 13)-12(r-13) = 0 Cost of l book = { x
= (r-13)(r-12) = 0
x-13 =0 \A/hm number of books is increase by 4.
= x-12 =0
or Then number of books = .r + 4.
=) x =L3 80
or Cost of 1 book = ' x+4'
Vy'hen = 13, then 30 - x = 30 - 13 = t7.
r
By the questior;
r
\iVhen = 12, then 30 - .r = 30 - 12 = 18.
Hence, Shefali's marks (13 and 17) or (12 and 18) in two 80 80 =1
subiects. ;- r*4
Example 2: Some students aranged a picnic. The budget 80r + 320 -80r
Ior food was ( 240. Because four students of the group x(x+ 4)
failed to go, the cost o{ {ood to each student got increased 320
by { 5. How many students $rent for the picnic? ' xlx++)
(CBCE 2OO8)
= = *+4x
320
Solution:Let number of students who arranged the picnic
x2 + 4t-320 = 0
be x. -
Number of students who attended picnic = r - 4' 3 * +20x - l6x -320 = 0
Total cost of food to (240. =+ x(x + 20) -1'6(x +20) = 0
( 240.l + (r + 20) (r- 16) =0
ln the fust case, cost of food per student = tl ;J ' x+20 =0
=
( 240 \ or r-16 =0
In the second case, cost of food per student = { \;J ' s x = -20
By the question, or x =16
.'. x = 16.
240 240
lRejecting x = -20, because x can't be --ael
x-4 x
960 = 5x(x - 4) Hence, number of books brought = 16.
1,92 = x(x - 4) Example 4:A person on tour has <4200 for his expenses.
LgZ = x2-4x If he extends his tour for 3 days, he has to cut down his
daily expenses by (70' Find the original dwation of the
x2 - 4x-192 = o
tour. (CBSE 2008 C)
* -L6x + 12x - 192 = 0 Solution: L,et the duration of tour be x days.
r(r - 16) + 12(x ' L6) =0
@-r$@+12) = 0 4200
x-1'6 = 0
or x+12 = 0 \44ren the tour is extended for 3 days.
x =16
or x = -1'2 The daily expenses = ( 4200
.
x = L6. ;Ja
lRejecting x = -12, because number of By the question,
students can't be -vel
Hence, (16 4) i.e., 12 students went for the picnic 42OO 4200
-
Example 3:A shopkeeper buys a number of books for
3a x*3
<80. If he had bought 4 more books for the same amount, l-1 i I
each book would have cost {1 less. How many books 42001= ------= 1 = 70
(cBSE 2012) = Lx x+Jl
did he buy?
 MODERN'S abc + OF IIATHEMATICS-X

(rz) A kain travels a distance of 480 km at a .'. Their product = (x + 3) (x + 29)

uniform speed. If the speed had been
= *+29x+3x+87
-@ 8 km/h less, then it would have taken
= x2 +32x +87.
3 houls more to cover the same distance. We
need to find the speed of the train. By the questiory
Sol. (l) Let 'x'm be the breadth of rectangular plot. x?+32x+87=360
Then lmgth of rectangular plot = (2r + 1) m. x2 +32x +87 -360=0
-
.'. Area of rectangular plot = (2x + l)x mz
= i +32x-273=0
= (z* + x) r*. x2 +39x-7x-273=0
=
By the questiory
- 7 = 32 and (39)(-7)
1... 39 = (1X-273)l
= 2*+x = 528
= x(x+39)-7 (x + 39)=0
=2x2+x-528 = 0 = (x+39)(x-7)=g
+zi-32x+33x-528=0 x+39= 0 or
l.; -32 + 33 = l and (-32)(33) = (2) (-528)l =
ao ^-
+2x(x-16)+33(r-15)=0 Thus, x = 7.
= (r - 16) (2x + 33)= 0 1... Age of a person can't be --ael
+ x-1,6 =0 or 2x+33 =0 Hence, Rohan's present age = 7 years
-33 and the quadratic equation is x2 + 32:r - 273 =
x =16 or r = 2 (la) Let u km/h be the speed of the train.
O.

Thus, x= 1,6.
- Distance covered by the train = 480 km
1... Breadth can't be -oel
.'.Time taken by the train = jQ norr".
Hence, the breadth of rectangular plot = 16 m and
z
the length of rectangular plot = 2 x 16 + 1
=
^33
m and the quadratic equation is
t... -. Distance
2x!+x-528=0. l|me=
I

(ii) Lel'x' and ' .r + 1' be two consecutive positive I speed I

integers. When the speed is decreased by 8 km/h,

.'. Product of two integers = x(x + L) = * + x.
-l
then the new speed of train = (u - 8) km/h
By the question,
x2+x=g06 ,
.'. Time taken bv train = iS hours'
,-6
+ i+x-306 = 0
By the questiorL
+*+18x-17x-306=0
1... 18 - 1.7 = 1 and (18)(-17) = (1X306)l 80 480

=r(x+ 18) - 77 (x+18)=g u-B u

g
=(x + 18) (x - 17)= 480u-480(u-8)
+ r+18=0 or x-17 =0 u(u-8) =3
+ r=-18 or
Thus, x = 17. ['. r > o] 480u-480u+3840
Hence, the two consecutive integers arc17 and77 u'-Bu
+ 1 i.e., 17 and 18.
And the quadratic equation is x2 + r - 306 = 0. 3840
(iO Let Rohan's present age = I years. u'-Bu
Rohan's mother's present age = (x + 26) years 3840 = 3 (u2 -8u)
.'. After 3 years, Roharr's age = (r + 3) years 3840 = 3u2 - 24u
Rohan's mother's age = x +26 + 3 years 1280 = u2 -8u
= (, + 29) years lDioiding fo 3l
QUADRATIC EOUATIONS
@E
D=b2-4ac (i) Every quadratic equation has exactly one
root.
=l-QJr+2)12-4(ixo) (ii) Every quadratic equation has at least one
leal root.
= eJ' +2\2>o
(iii) Every quadratic equation has at least two
+ Real and distinct roots. roots.
(oil) Ans. Yes. (iz) Every quadratic equation has at most two
Justification: roots.
(zr) If the coefficient ol * and the constant
31 term o{ a quadratic equation have
"!zx'-tx+Ji=u. oPPosite signs, then the quadratic
D= equation has real roots'
b2 -4ac
(t/) If the coelficient of I and the constant
(_ 3\ _t1\ term have the same sign and if the
--("q( J') coefficient of x term is zero, then the
quadratic equation has no real roots'
o1 Ans. (l) Ans. False'
- a-4=1>0
ZZ Justification: 12 = 4, which is a quadratic
equation having two roots'
+ Real distinct roots.
(ll) Ans. False.
(oili) Ans. No.
Justification: r2 + 4 = 0 has no real roots'
Justification: (lii) Ans. False.
x(7-x)-2=0
Justification: x2+4= 0ls a quadratic
= x-xz-z=o equation having at most two roots'
+ i-x+2=0. (io) Ans. True.
D=b2-4ac Justification: Because highest power of
x
= (-1)r-4(1X2) in a quadratic equation is 2'
= 1'-8 = -7 <0 (2,) Ans. True.
a and c
= No real roots. Justification: If in axz + bx + c -- 0,
have oPPosite signs, then ac < 0
(rr) Ans. Yes.
Justification:
=.,*-4ac>0.
(r-1)(r+2)+2=0 (ai) Ans. True.
+*+2x-x-2+2=0 |ustification: lI \n sx2 + bx + c = 0, a and
. hurr" ,t*" sign and b = 0, &ten bz - 4ac
= x2+x=0' =-4ac<0.
D=b2-k-c Q. 3. A quadratic equation with integral
coef{icients
= (-1)r-4 (1)(0) has integral roots. Justify your answer'
=1-0=1>0 Als. No.
Real distinct roots. Justification: The quadtatic equation
i - 3x + L.
=
(x) Ans. Yes. = O *ittt integral ioefficients has non-integral
roots.
]ustification: whose
Q. 4. Does there exist a quadratic equation
(r+1)(r-2)+x=0 coefficients are rational but both of its roots are
+*-zx+x-2+x=0 irrational? JustifY Your answer'
--2 .-i Ans. Yes.
- p = * -4ac = (0)2 -4(1)(-2) Justification: Consider the quadratic equation
=0+8=8>0 i-6x+7=0.
+ Real distinct roots.
-(-6)t
ale true
Q. 2. Write whether the following statements Here,
or false. JustifY Your answers'
OUADRATIC EQUATIONS @I
ANswsns @) ,1 (b) -3 -3
z,T
1. tr /o 2. discdminant
4. (c)
' :,: (d) 0
B. non-real reaL distinct zz
1 9. If the equation 12 - at + 1 = 0 has two real roots,
5. -:J 6. non-real then:
(a) lal >2 (b) lal <2
7. 18,7 8. quadratic
(c) lal =2 (d) None of these
9, Shreedhara CharaYas's fomurla 10. I{ the equation I + 4r + k = 0 has real and distinct
10. real, distinct roots, then:
(a) k> 4 (b) k<4
Mult.iple Choice Questions (MCQs) (c) k> 4 (d) k<4
1. Which of the foilowing is a quadratic equation? 11. If the equation 9xz + 6kt + 4 = 0 has equal roots,
then k equals:
.. .I+
(4j 1
(b)
-1
i+7=5 (b) 2or0
-=x- (a) 2 or -2
x
(c) -2 or 0 (d) 0 orily
k) * +3Ji +2=5 (A 2*-5x=(x-t)2 72. If the equation 4:2 - 3kt + 1 = 0 has equal roots,
therL k equals:
z. ltr'hich of the following is not a qua&atic equation?
(a) (x +2)2 =2@2 -5)
(b) 3x-*=x2+5
(a) t; 4J (b) ri
(c) (:-1)2 =3x2 + x-2 2 1
(c) t; (d) ti
(d\ (J-zx + 3)2 = 2i + c
13. If the roots of the equation a* + bx + c = 0 are
3. If r = 3 is a solution of the equations equal, then c equals:
3* + (k - 1)r r' 9 = 0, then k equal. bb
(a) rL (b) -11 (c) -13 (d) 13 tal zn lb) - za
4. The sum of the roots of the equation
h2 (d) --b2
l-6x+5=0is: ,_, L
(c't
4a 4a
(a) s (b) -s (c) 5 (d) - 6
74. Ifthe roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
5. The product of the roots of the equation
reciprocal of each other, thm:
12-6r+5=0is: (a) a=b (b) c=a
(a) s (b) -s (c) b=c (d) None of these
(c) 6 @-6 15. If the roots of 5l + 13x + k = 0 are reciProcal of each
other, then:
6. The value of (a) k=\ (b) k=2
la) 3 (b) 4 (c) k=5 (d) k=0
(c) -2 (d) 3.5 16. If .r = 1 is the comrnon root of ar2 + hr + 2 = 0 and

z. ll axz + br + c = 0has equal roots, then c equals:

*+x+b=0,thenab=
(a) 1 (r) 0
b
(b) 'za
b
(c) (dl
@a 17.
3 4
If the sum and product of the roots of the equation
_b2 k* + 6x + 4k = 0 are equal, then k equals:
.. b2
u\ --4a
\c) 2 2
4a (a) -;J (b) Z
g. If 4a2-12J+9 = 0has equal roots, thm the roots
are: -J 3
lc) (d)
T 2
I@ MODERN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS_X

tt+b Example 7: Solve the following quadratic equation by

2 factorisation method:
or .- o-b
"2 1+1+1 (a+br.o).
I =a
a+b+x b x
a+b
-:-22and x = -;:-h
n
Hence, x = are the roots of the given Solution: The given equation is:
equation. 111
(il) The given equation is: t|+b + x abx
9x2 + b)x + (2a2 + sab + z*) =o
- 9(a ...(1)
L-t 11
Here constant term = 2a2 + Sab + Zb2
a+b+x x ab
x-(a+b+ x) a+b
=Tt2 + 4ab + ab + 2b2 = 2a (a + Zb) + b (a + Zb)
x(a+ b+ x) ab
=(a+2b)(Za+b).
And coefficient of middle term = - 9 (a + b)
-(a+ b) _ a+b
x(a+b + x) ab
=-3[(a+2b)+(za+b)].
.'. Equation (1) can be written as: - ab(a + b) = (a+b)x(a+b+x)
3 [(a + 2b) + (2i + b)lx + (a + Zb) ea + b) =
x(a+b+x)+ab = 0 ['.'a+b*01
9x2 - O
f+ax+bx+ab =0
+ 9i - 3 (a + 2b)x - 3 (2n + b) x + (a + 2b) (2n + b) = O x(x+a)+b(x+a) =0
- 3x l3x * (a + 2b)l - (2a + b) l3x - (a + 2b)l =O (x+a)(x+b) =0
= l3x - (a + zb)l l3x - Qa + b)) =o x+a =0
3x-(a+2b) =0 or x+b =0
OI 3x-(2a+b) =0 x
a+2b
or x = -b.
3
Hence, :r = - a and x = - b are the roots of the given
equation.
2a+b
.1

-_ ,r = a+2baftd x Za+ b EXERCISE 4(c)

Hence,
, = 3 are the roots of the
given equation. Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
(ill) The given equation is: Solve the following equations by factoristion:
(a + b)2x2 + 8(a2 - bz)x + 16 (a fi2
- =a 7. (x-4) (x+2) =s. 2. (Zx +3) (3x-7) =9.
s (a + b)2x2-+ 4(az - b2)x + 4 (a2 - *)x +16(a - b)2= O 3. l+3r-18=0. 4. *-3x-10=0.
+ (a+b)2* + 4@ + b)(a -b)x 5. x2+6x+5=O- 6. 6x2-x-2=0.
+ 4 (a + b) (a - b)x + 1.6(a - b)2 = O 7. 3*-x-2=0. 8. Sx2-3x-Z=0.
a (a + b)x f(a + b) x + 4 (a - b)l s. 8* -22x-21, = 0. 10. 3* = -t1.x-70.
+ 4 (a - b)l(a + b)x + 4(a - b)\ = o 7t. i-(A +1)x+ J, =0.
+ l(a + b)x + 4(a - b)l[ (a + b) x+ 4(a - b)] =O
+ (a+b)x + 4(a -q =A n. (,-|)' = +. t3. zxz - 14x - s= o.
or (a+b)x+4(a-b) =0
14. *-x-a (a+1)=0.
_ 4(a _ b\
1
a+b 15.5r+ ) =S,r*0. 1G. 10r-1=3.
x
or r = --4(!:-4. Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-II)
a+b
Solve the following equations by factoristion:
.,
rrence,.r = -4(a-b\andx= -4(a-h\
------_______ are the roots of the 17. a2Ax2 + b2x - ix - 1= 0.
--.-;
given equation. 2x 2x-5 25
lE. x_4+
x_3 = Tix+3,4.
QUADBATIC EOUATIONS
3@-
4.5.4 Problems Based on Time and Work
We illustrate the toPic in the following examples:

Ilrustnltve Extuples
Exarnple 1r A takes 6 days less than B to do a work' If Number of hours required by the third pipe = r - 4
both A and B working together can do it in 4 days, how .'. Portion filled by first, second and third pipe in one
many days will B take to {inish it? V-, V *a
ho*= x+5 x 4x-+ respectively.
Solution: I-et B alone finish the work in x days,
By the question,
x>0. vvv
TherL A alone can finish the work in (r - 6) days' x+5 x x'4
1
1 *1= 1 1...v *ol
A's one day's work = --6 x+5 x x'4
4) + (x + 5)(r + 4) = x(x + 3)
B's one day's work =
x
I x(x -
(2x+5)(x-4) = x(x + 5)
1
2i-8x+5x-20=x2+5x
(A + B)'s one day's work = 7 i-ax-zo=o
x2-l}x+2x-20=0
1
Bythequestion: :r(r - 10) +2(r - 10) = 0
*.: 4 (x-10)(x+2)=s
x+x-6 _ 1 x-10=0
x(x-6\ - ; or x +2=0
x=10
- 6)
4(2x -- x(x - 6)
or
8x-24 = x2-6x .x = 10.
+ x2-L4x+24 -- 0 lRejecting x = - 2 because x> 0f
+ xz-Lzx-Zx +24 =0 Hence, the time required by the three pipes to filI up the
+ x(x-12\-2(x-12) =0 swimming pool is 10 + 5,'l'0,L0- 4i.e., 15, 10 and 6 hours'

= (x - 12)(x-2) = 0

+ x-12 = 0
or x-2 = 0
x=L2 Short Answer Type Questions (SLAB-D
or x=2. 1. A takes 10 days less than the time takm by B to
finish a piece of work. If both A and B together can
But r cannot be less tharL 6. finish the work in 12 days, find the time take by B
x = 12. alone to finish the work. (AI CBSE 2017)
Hence, B aione can finish the work in 12 days' 2. A and B together can do a piece of work in 6 days,
while working separately B takes 5 days more than
Example A swimming pool is filled with three pipes
2:
A. How many days each take to do it alone?
with uniform flow. The firct t$'o pipes, operating
simultaneously, fill the pool in the same time during Short Answer TyPe Questions (Slab-II)
which the pool is filled by the third pipe alone' The 3. Reservoir will be filled in 12 hours. One pipe fills
the reservoir 10 hours faster than the other' How
second pipe fills the pool (ive hours faster than the first
many hours will the second pipe take to filI the
pipe and four hours slower than the third pipe' Find
fill reservoir?
ih" ti-" required by each pipe to the pool
individually. ^1
Ji5
4. Two taps running together can fill a tank in
Solution: Let 'V' be the volume of the swimming pool'
hours. If one tap takes 3 hours more than the other
l.et 'r' be the number of hours required by the second
to fill the tank, then how much time will each tap
pipe alone to fill the swimming pool. (AI CBSE 2017)
take to fill the tank?
.'. Number of hours required by the first PiPe = r + 5
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS @I
(il) In a dass test the sum of Kamal's marks in with one arrow eadr, he knocked down respectively
Mathematics and English is 40. Had he got the rath, flag and the bow of Bheesham. Finally,
3 marks more in Mathematics and 4 marks less with one more tha;r four times the square root of
in Englistr, the product of the marks would arrows, he laid Bheesham unconscious on ar arroe
have been 360. Find the marks in two subiects bed. Find the total number of arrows Ariun had.
separately. (CBSE 2OO8 C)

E. Some students plamed a picnic. The budget fol

food was {500. But,5 of them failed to go and thus Ar.rswuns
the cost of food for each member got increased by
{5. How many students attended the picnic? 1. <20 2, <20 3. 10m
Long Answer Type Questions 4, 20 days 5, 25 6. 100(vu - 1)%
9. The angry Arjun collected some arrows for fighting 7. (i) (12 and 16) or (9 and 19)
with Bheesham. With half arrows, he cut down the (lr) (21 and 19) or (12 and 28)
arrows thrown by Bheesham on higt'and with six
other arrows he killed the rath driver of Bheesham 8. 20 9. 100.

Hnrs ro Seucreo Quesnors

(l) Suppose P gets x marks in Mathematics and y Number of arrows for cutting arrows of Bheestram
marks in Science. x
Then x + y =28 2
(r+3) (y-4) Number of arrows for killing rath driver = 6
and = 180
+ Number of other arrows used = 3
(r + 3) (28 -r-4) =180
+ (x+3)(24 -r) =180 Remaining u.rows = 4Jr+1
t 24x-* +72-3x =L80 x-
Then, ;z +6+3=41/r+1 =x
+ * -2lx+ 108 =0.
9. Suppose Ariun has r arrows. x =20+8G.

Hrcnrn Onoen Txnrcxc Srcrrs (HOTS)

Example 1: Find the value of Example 2: Solve: x =
--] - ,x+2.
,-
^l
l
"
Solution: Let x = 2-x
x= Jti' I

-Squaring, X'=1+X
Solution: We have: -x
^r
,1
-
= -------------"-

x2-x'2=o 2-x
x2-2x+x-2=0 1
x(x- 2)+(r-2)=0
(r-2)(.r+1)=0
x-2=0 2-x
or r + L =0 1
* -a
or x=-l 4-2x -7
lRejecting x =-1 as x> 0l 1

Hence, v =) - .-
E@ MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

3 -2x and D, discriminant of (2),

2(3 -zx) - (2 - x) = l-+g
3-2x D, +D, = (p2 -4q)+(F - 4s)
6-4x-2+ x = (p2 +l)_4(q+s)
3 -2x = p2 + i -2pr
4-3x l'.. pr = 2 (q + s) + 2pr = 4(q a s)l
-3x) = 3-2x
x(4 = (p _t)2>0
=+At least one of D, and D, is I 0.
4x - 3x2 = 3 -2x
Hence, at least one of (1) and (2) has real roots.
+ 3x2 -6x +3 = 0 Exar,*,i:l,: 5: If the roots of the equation * + 2cx + ab
= /-Zx+1,=O = 0 are real and distinct, then show that the equation:
+ (x - Z)z = O. *-z(a+blx+ a2 +b2 +2d=0
Hence, x = L,1. has no real roots,
Example 3; If P(x) = ai+bx+candQt7)=-a*+bx Solution: The given equations are:
+ c, where ar * Q then show that P(r) Q(x) = 0 must have x2+Zcx+ab = 0 ...(1)
at least two real roots. and * -Z1a + b)x + a2+b2+2d=0 ...(2)
Solution; Here, Now, D, discriminant of (1)
P(x) = 6az+bx+c=O .(1) = 4e_4nb=4(c2_ab)
and Q@) = -a*+bx+c=O ...Q)
and D2, discriminant of (2)
Now, D, discriminaat of (1), = 4(a+b)2-4(az +b2 + 2i)
+ Dz = 4la2+2ab+b2-a2-F-2?l
=
b2-4ac
+ Dz = aQnb - 2&)
Now, D, discriminant of (2), :+ Dz = -8(8-ab).
= b2 + 4ac. Since, the roots of (1) are real and distinct,
Giz:en ac*0 .'. Drr0
either ac>0 =) 4(c2 >0
- ab)
or ac<0. = cz-ab > 0
Case I: When ac > O. + -8(c2 - ab) < 0
Here 4ac > 0 + Dr.0.
Dr= b2 +4ac > Hence, equation (2) has no real roots.
" O

= Q(r) = 0 has two real roots. Exarnple 6: A lotus is 2 m above the water in the pond.
Case II: V\ihen ac < O. Due to wind the lotus slides on the side and only the
Here -4ac > 0 stem completely merges in the water at a distance of 10

"' D1 =b2-4ac > og

m from the original position, Find the depth of water in
P(r) = 1tu" 1*o real roots. the pond.
P(r) Q(x) = 0 has surely two real roots. Solution: Let AB be the stem and CB be the portion of the
Hence, in each case, P(r) Q(r) = 0 has at least two real stem under water.
roots.
Example +:lf p, q, r and s are real numbers such that
pr = 2(q + sl,lhen show that at least one of the equations
* + px + 4 = 0 and, x2 + rx + s = 0 has real roots.
Sr-ri'ation: The given equations are:
xz+px+q = O ...(1)
and i+rx+s = 0 ..Q)
Now, D, discrirninant of (1),
= p2-4q
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS EE/I,
Now, CA = Portion of stem above water = 2 m + (x + 2)2 x2 + (10)2
Due to wind, let BD be the position of the lotus. x2+4x+4 x2 + 100
=
l€t = xm.
CB = 4x+4 100
AB = (r+2)m. +4x 96
ln LBCD,by Pythagoras' Thtorem, x=24.
Bff = BC2 + Cff Hence, the depth of the Pond = 24 m.

Aoomoruru- Cluesnorus
.ir
Example A school decides to award prizes to the r
When = 12, then marks in English = 12 and marks
students for two values: in Science = 40 - 12 = 28.
"Punctuality and Honesty". Example 3: Two pipes running together to fill a tank
Sum of prizes is 12 and difference oI their squares in in 6 minutes. If one pipe takes 5 minutes more than
48. Find the number of prizes for each value. the other to fill the tank, find the time in which each
pipe would fill the tank separately. Which pipe is
Solution: Let 'r'be the number of Prizes for punctuality.
faster? (CBSB 2011)
The number of prizes for Honesty = 12 - x.
Solutionr Let the faster Pipe fill the tank is '.r' minutes
By the question, I -$Z-x)2 = 48
+ * -Ou-24x+ 11 = 49 Portion of the tank, fil1ed in one minute = 1
+ 24x -144 = 48 x
+ 24x = 'i.92 6
= x=8. Portion of the tank, filled in 6 minutes = ;
Thus the number of pdzes for punctuality is 8 and for
Portion of the tank, fil1ed by slower pipe in 6 minutes
Honesty 4.
Exanple 2: In a class tes! the sum of Anil's marke in 6
English and Science is 40. Had he got 3 more marks
in English and 4 less marks in Science, the product of By the question,
their marks would have been 350. Find the separate
marks in the two subjects. 66
Strlirtior:: Let'x'be the marks obtained in English. x x+5
Then (40 - x) are the marks in Science. 111
By the question, x x+5 6
(r + 3)(40 -x-4)=360
+ (r+3) (35 -x)=36 r+5+r 1

36x-i ,(, - 5) 6
+ + 108 - 3r =360
+ x2 -33x + 252-0 2x+5 1
+ i -z7r-12x +252=o --:----=-
x'+5x 6
+ x(x - 27) - 12 \x - 21) =0
+ (x-27) (x - 12) =0 12a + 30 =* + 5x
x - 21, =0 ?- z, - so =o
or x - 12 =0 x2-lox+3x-30=0
x =2L x(r-10)+3(r-10)=0
or 12. (r-10)(r+3)=0
lVhen r = 21, then marks in English = 21 and marks x-10=0
in Science = 40 - 27 = "19. or r + 3 =0
E@ DERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

x =10 moment, four students could not reach in time. The

or incharge of the picnic spent (1800 for the picnic (using
Thus, x = 10. the same rates). How many sfudents went to the picnict
[... x can't be -zte) Since the students got the same items as per planning,
Hence, the faster pipe fills the tanl in 10 minutes, the so the incharge of picnic neither refunded any money
slower in 10 + 5 i.e. l5 minutes. to the participants nor to those who were absent.
Hence, the faster pipe is better. (cBsE 2012)
Example 4r Sum of lives of two electric lamps is 10 SoluHon: Let'x'be the number of students in the
years. The product of the lives of two lamps is 26 years. original list.
Is the situation possible? If so, determine their lives. Total amourt collected = t2400
Which type of lamp, we should prefer, while keeping Since 4 students could not reach in time,
in mind "Save Energy,,.
2400
Solution: Let the life of CFL be x years. .. Amount to be spent
,x = * 1,-+).
Then the life of ordinary lamp = (10 - x) years.
By the question, ,nOO - ?1_9.g-+) =
By the question, x(10 - x) = 26
x
2400 - 1800
:+ 10x - / =26 4
f -7)x+26=o + 4-- (x-4)=1
= ...(1)
Here, D, discriminant =b2- 4ac =34 =* @-a)
=en)z - 4 o,)Q6) :*
- 104
= 100
3x =4t - 16

= x = 16.
=-4<0. Hence, the number of students, who went for picnic
Thus the roots of (1) are not real
=76*4=12.
Hence, the situation is not possible.
Since the incharge spent {1800,
{::p.-S i" mind "Save Energy,,, we should prefer
.'. balance with the incharge = Z4O0 - 1800 = {600.
CFL lamp.
Example 5: Some students arranged a picnic. They
Actuallp this amount should have been distributed
equally to the participating students.
collected {2400 lor various expenses, At the last
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
+ u2 -811- 1280 = 0 + x+2 =0 or 2x-3 =0
- u2 - 40u + 32u - 7280 = 0
= x=-2 o, ,=).
[... - - I and (- 40X32) = (1X-1280))
40 + 32 =
+ u(u-40) +32(u-4Q =a
(u-a0D(t +32) = 0 Hence, -2 and are roots of given equation (1).
= i
=+ u-4A = 0
(lil) The given quadratic equation rs:
or u+32 = 0
u =40 +7x+5J1= o ...(1)
= ^12x2
or u = -32. + 'fzxz +2x+5x+5J1. =o
Thus u = 40.
1,.. Speed can't be <el 1... 2 + s = 7 and (2)(5) = ( A X5 Jr)l
Hence, the speed of train is 40 km/h. + + Ji) +5 (;r + Jz)= o
^fzx 1t
And the quadratic equation is
u2-Bu-1280 = o. = (r+Jr)(J-2l+s) =o
Topic-II: Solution of Quadratic Equations (By + x+J, = o or {Zx+s =O
Factorisation)
+ 7=-"!2 or x= -5
J2
EXERCISE 4.2
Q. 1. Find the roots of the following quadratic
equations by Iactorisation:
Hence, - J2 and
t'
are roots of equation (1).

(i\ *-sx-to=o (ro) The given quadratic equation is:

(iil 2* +x-6=0
.1
(iiil Jr*+7x+51i =0 2x'-x+*= 0 ...(1)

-1 +
(ia\ 2*-x
+1.6*-8x+1= 0 lMultiplying by 8l
r=0 + 16x2-4x-4x+L=0
(o)too*-20x+7=0. - b4b( - 1) - 1(4jr - 1) = 0
So1. (l) The given quadratic equation is;
= (4x -7) (4r-1) =0
r2_3r_10 = 0 . (1)
= 4t-L = 0
=x2-5x+2x-10=0 or 4x-1. = 0
I'.' - 5 + 2 = -3 and (- 5)(2) = -101
1
+r(r-5)+2(r-5)=0 "4
+ (x-5)(r+2)=0
= r-5 = 0 or x = *.
1

or x+2 = 0 4
+ r=5 11
or x=-2, Hence,
i and ; are roots of given equation (1).
Hence, 5 and - 2 are roots of given equation (1).
(a) The given quadratic equation is:
(ii) The given quadratic equation is:
1oo*-2ox+1. = 0 ..(1)
2t2+x-6 =0 . (1)

+2*+4x-3x-6=0 + 1001 -10/-10r+1= 0

1... 4 - 3 = 7 and (4)(-3) = QX- 6)l ['. (-i0) + (-101 = -2s onL (-10) (-10) = (100x1)]
+Zx(x+2)-3(x+\=a + 10r(10x - 1) -1(10x - 1) = 0
=+ (x + 2) (2x -3)= 0 + (10r-1) (10r-1) = 0
IlEE MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATICS.X

10:-1= 0
= 55x- xz =750
or 10r-1= 0 + *-55x+750 =O
1 = i-zox-25x+750 =O
10 [... -30 - 25 = -55 and (-30X-2s) = (1X750)j
1 = r(r - 30) - 25(x - 30) =0
"' 10' :+ (r-30) (r-2s) =0
11 : x-30 =0
Hence,
10and 10
-- are roots ofgiven equation {1). OI
x =30
Q. 2. Solve the problems:
Statements of these problems ale given below:
or x = 25.
(0 lohn and livanti together have 45 marbles. Hence, number of toys produced in a day
Both of them lost 5 marbles each, and the = 30 or 25.
product of the number of marbles they now Q. 3. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product
have is 124. We would like to {ind out how is 182.
many marbles they had to start with, Sol. Let one number be r.
(li) A cottage industry produces a certain Then the other number is 27 - x.
number of toys in a day. The cost of .'. Their product = x (27 -x) =27x-x2.
production of each toy (in rupees) was
found to be 55 minus the number of toys By the question,
produced in a day. On a particular day, the 27x-x2="l82
total cost of production was ?750. We would :+ x2-27x+182= O
like to find out the number of toys x2 - 13x - 1.4x + 182 = O
produced on that day. =
Sol. (l) Let 'r'
be the number of marbles John had.
l'.' -13 -14 = -27 and (-13X-14) - (182X1)l

.'. The number of marbles Jivanti had = 45 - r. = r (r - 13) - 14 (r - 13) = 0

When each lost 5 marbles, then the number of + (r-13) (r-14) = 0
marbles left with John = x - 5 and the nurnber of = x-13= 0 orr-74 =0
marbles left with livanti = (a5 - r) - 5 = 40 - x. =) x=13 or x = 1.4.
.. Their product = (r - 5) (40 - r) Hence, the two numbers are 13 and 14.
= 4ox - x2 - 2oo + 5x Q. rl. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of
= -x2+45x-200. whose squares is 365.
By the question, -*+45x-200=124 Sol. Let r and (x + 1) be two consecutive positive
+ x2-45x+324=O integers.
x2 -36x-9x +324 =0
= By the question,
l-.. -36 -9 = 45 and (-36)(-9) = (1)G241 x2+\x+1)2=365
+ x(x-36)- 9(r-36) =0 + *+*+2x+1.=365
- (x-36) (r-9) =0
x-36 =0 = 2x2+2x-364=0
= + *+x-182=O lDit:idingW 2)
or x-9 =0
x2 + L4x - 1.3x - 782 =0
= x =36 =
oI x =9. 1... 14 -13 = l and (14)(*1j) = (-1s2x1)l
Hence, the number of marbles they had to stat + x (x + 14)-13 (x + 14) =0
with are 36, 9. + (.r+ 14) (r-13) =0
(ll) Let 'r' be the number of toys produced in a day. + x + L4 =0
.'. Cost of production of each toy
or x-13=0
(in ruPees) = 55 - x'
=. x =-1-4
... Total cost of production
(in ruPees) =x(55-x).
or r = 13
By the question, Thus, x =13. 1... x>01
Hence, the required consecutive positive integers
x(55 - x) =750 are 13 and 14.
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
Q. 5. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than Thus, x= 6.
its base. II the hypotenuse is 13 cln, find the other .1... No. of articles cannot be -'oe)
two sides. Hence, the number of articles produced in day
Sol. Let 'r' cm be the base of right triangle. = 6 and cost of Production of each artide
.'. Altitude of right triangle = (x -4 crn. =712x6 + 3l = (15.
And hypotenuse of right triangle 13 crn lGiaml
By Pythagoras' Theorun, Topic-III: Solution of Quadratic Equations
(By Completing Square and For:mula)
(Base)2 + (Altitude;2 = lHypotenuse)2
xz + (x -7)2 = (1'3\2
=
a x2 + x2 -L4x+ 49 = 1,69

+ 2* - 1.4x - 1.69 = 0
+ 49 Q. 1. Find the roots of the following quadratic
2x2 --!4x - 120 = o equations, if they exist, by the method of
= completing the square:
= *-zx-60=o (il 2*-7x+s=0 (ii\ 2*+x-4=0
= x2-"!2x+ 5x-50 = 0

1... -12 + 5 = -7 and (-12)(5) = C 60X1)) (iii') 4xz +q.'lgx+3=g \ul 2*+x+4=0.
+ x(x-12)+ 5 (r-12) = 0 Sol. (l) The given quadratic equation is:
(r-12) (r+5) = 0 2*-7x+3 - o ...(1)
= + 2l -7x = -3
= x-12= 0 ot x+5 =0
+ x=1'2 or x ='5.
Thus, x = 12.
1..- Base can't be -ne) , n',2
. _ 7x+l_
x.
t-7\2 -r^ l-'I
Hence, the base of right triangle = 12 cm
2 \4) 2 \4)
and the altitude of right triangle = (12 - 7) = 5 crn.
Q. 6. A cottage industrSz produces a certain number of -3 49
pottery articles in a day. It was observed on a
(
\
, -z\'
4.i 2 -t6
particular day that the cost of production of each
article (in rupees) was 3 more than twice the
number of articles produced on that day. If the t-
\
L\'
4)
-24+
L6
49 25

total cost of production on that day was {9O find 1.6

the nurnber o{ articles produced and the cost of

each article. 7 5

Sol. Let'r'be the number of pottery artides produced 4 4-

by cottage industry in a day. Case I:
.'. Cost of production of each article = t(2x + 3)
75
.'. Total cost of production in a day = 7x (2x + 3) V\ihen - + - 4'
= <e* + 3x).
By the question, then * 75L2 = z*i= 4 =t.
2-i+3x = 90
+ 2x2 +3x -90 = 0 Case II:
+ 2x2-12x +15r-90 = 0
When
-5
1... -12 + L5 = 3 and (-12X15) = G90X2)l 4 4'
+ 2x(x-6)+ 15(r-6) = 0
7521
:+ (x - 6) (2x + 15) = 0 then
4442
= x-5=0 or 2x+L5=0
_15 Hence, 3 ald 1 are the roots of equation (1).
x=6 or x= 2
2
 MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATICS-X

(u) The grven quadratic equation is:

(
-@
2.*+x-4
2*+x=4
= 0 ...(1)
+l., r+.J52 i)')f-
_J
= 44
-+-
J _n

( qtr,
x'+- +lr+-!5
.i5)
2-= )
"J(
x+
2I ll ^ l=0
, -\2
. .r i/ -\2
tl I1l
= x'+-*l-l
2 \4.) = z *
\4) + xl+-J5 =
2
o o, **f =o
/ r)'z
z+L t;
= l.r*a.,] L6 + ,= -J5 Z * x= 2'
+ r *
1)'z 32+1. 33 ' - -ti .tl
[* 16 =16
-a.]
-j: 6116 -Ja are the roots of equation
Hence,'22

1
4
E -J33
*=!te--
+'
(1).
(lz) The given quadratic equation is:

Case I: 2f +x+4 = O ...(1)

t::
:+ 2x2+x = -4
When x+1
1
{JJ
4 4' "1
'2 x'+-x =
.G5 1. $z-1
then . 1 ( L\2
444 + x'+-x+li) ^ r1)'?
\4/
-r+Js3
4 / 1)2 -3?+1.
Case II: - lr*i) -z+L 1.6

x+-41 .65 -31

_<0
When
4' 1.6

then
J33 1 -.65-t Now,
/ + 1\'?
44 [r -,,J cannotbe negative for any real:.
-1-.J53 .'. No real'r'satisfies equation (1).

4 Hence, the givm equation has no real roots.

Q.2 Find the roots of the quadratic equations given
-r+..8*d- -1-
Hence, __l-
J33
are the roots of in Q. I above by applying the quadratic fonnula.
a Sol. (0 The givm quadratic equation is:
equation (1).
2x2 -7x +3 = O .(1)
(iii) The given quadratic equation is:
Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
4x2 +4.13x+3 =0 ...(1) 'a' = 2,'b' = -7 and'c' = 3.
Now, * -+ac = Cn2 - 4Q)Q)
+ 4r2 +4rl3x =-3
= 49 -24 =25>0.
1.=-
= x'z+{lx = j -b!lbz -4ac -(-7)tJE
2a 2 (2)

+5
=r*J3.*[+)'= +.[9' 7
=-and-
44
7 -5
OUADRATIC EQUATIONS @I
Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
=* *u?n = r*uf;. 'a' = 2,'b'=7and'c'=4.
Now, F-+nc = (1)r-4 (2)(4)
Hence,3 and
1
are the roots of equation (1). ='l'-32= -31 <0.
i
(ii) The given quadratic equation is: -b!,[a'-Eo,
But x = ----------l--.
2i+x-4=0 ..(1) 2a

Comparing with a x2 + bx + c = 0, we have: Since,lhe square ofa rcal number is never negative,
'a' = 2,'b' = larrtd'c'=-4. .'. 'r' carurot have real values.
Now, *_+ac = (1)r-4 (2X-4) Hence, the given equation (1) has no real roots.
=1'+32=33>0. Q, 3. Find the roots of the following equations;

x=+ -bt (tt x-1=3,x*0

1

2a x

-11J$ 1111
-1rJ33 @ r+4- x-Z=-t r*-4,7'
=2(z)=4
(CBSE 2008)

= -r+JE *, . -1-J33 -- 4 . Sol. (i) The given equation is:

4
1
...(1)
Hence,
-r+JE *d. -1-v55 are tne roos x
4
of equation (1). x' -1
x
- quadratic equation is:
(iii) The given
4*+4J3x+3 = O ...(1) + x2-L=3x
Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
+ x2-3t-1=0.
Comparing with al + br + c = 0, we have:
:. ,a,
= +,,u' = a"l1 and 'c' = 3. 'a' = 7,'b' = - 3 and'c' = - 7'
Now, Now, * _ 4nc = (_ 3), - 4(1) (- 1)
* - 4ac = (+Js)2 - a(4X3) = 48 - 48 = 0. =9+4=13>0.

...x=> -bx -4$rJo -bt

Za 2 (4) 2a

-+J5tJo
=8 _-(-3)rJi5 _ 3rfi3
2(r) 2

4Ji 4Ji 3+fi3 .3-Ji5

88 =z*o,
J5
=-2*o-2
.6
Hence,
3+"/i5*d 3-fi3 are the roots of
f
equation (1). -
6
H".,.", -f ura - 2 ,r. th" roots of (li) The given equation is:

equation (1). 1 1 11
(ia) The givm quadratic equation is: x+4 x-7 - 30
...(1)

2*+x+4 = 0 ...(1)
OUADBATIC EOUATIONS
@J
Now, b2 - 4ac = (- zs1' - 4 (1) (156) = x2 - 60x -
2700 = 0.
fQuadratic Equationl
=625-624=1>0
Comparing with axz + bx + c = 0, we have:
'a' = 1,,'b' = - 60 and 'c' = - 2700'
-b!
Now, bz _ etc = (- oo), - n ,t, ,- ,roo,
= 3600 + 10800
-(-25)tJT 25 tl = 1t1400 > 0.
2 (1) r-
-b!lb'-4ac
* = --- zo-
25+1 25 -1
-1- and,
1- 60 + 120
_ - (- 60) t \,{aoo -
ZO 1L 2 (1)
and = 13 and 12'
.,
] 60+120 . 60 - 12o
=
CasetWhenx=13'
Here, She{ali's marks in Mathematics = 13 180 -lu
60
-
and Shefali's marks in English = 30 - 13 = 17 ' -anou.d 2
- = ,o and 30.

Case II: When x = 12' Thus, r = 90.

Mathematics = 12 l -' Length of any side cannot be --ael
Here, Shefali's marks in
and Shefali's marks in English = 30 - t2 =18' Hence, shorter side of rectangular field
Hence, Shefali's marks in two subiects are: = 90m
13 and 17 or 12 and l'8' and longer side of rectangular field

Q. 6. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres = 90+30 =120m.

- more th-an the shorter side' If the longer side Q.7, The difference of squares of two numbers
is
is 30 metres more than the shorter side' find 180. The squate of the smaller is 8 times the
the sides of the field. larger number. Find the two numbers'
Sol' Let shorter side @C) of rectangular field be r m' So1. Let 'x' and'y'be the larger and smaller
numbers resPectivelY.
By the question,
x2-f=180 ...(r)
1 <<" and !2 = 8x ...(?-)

From (1) and (2),

I 1-r + 30 m-----)
12-8r=180
) x2 - 8r -180 = \lQundratic Equationl

.. The longer side (AB) of rectangular field Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
=(r+30)m. 'a' = 1,'b' = - 8 and'c' = - 180'
.'. Diagonal (AC) of rectangular field Now, b2 - 4ac= (- SF - 4 x 1 x (- 180)
=64+720=784>0'
r--
IBY P Y thagor as' Th eo r eml x= -bxtlb'-4ac 2a
But diagonal (AC) = (r + 60) m'
- (- 8) t !?s4 8128
Thus,:+60= 2 (1)

Squaring, (x + 60)2 = (r + 30)2 + 12

8+28ancl.8-28
* +!20x+3600= *+ 60x + 900 + xz 1Z -;-
=
+ xz +120x+ 3600 -I - 60x - 900 - xz = 0
:76 -20 _1a 1n
-x2+60x+2700=0 2', 2
-
OUADRATIC EQUATIONS
@I
+81 + 80r-150x-750=0 By the questioo

r 8x2-7ox-750=0 132 _ 132

=1
= 4x2-35x-375=0. x x+L'L
lQuadratic Equntionl
- 132x
132 (x + 17)
=t
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we have: x(r+11)
'a' = 4,'b' = -35 and 'c' = -375'
Now, b2 _ 4nc = (_35)2 _ 4(4)(-375) 132x+1452-132x
=1
= 1225 + 6000 =722 > 0' x2 + llrx
1.452
x= -b+ 2a
x2 + Llr
=1

1452=*+1'i.x
-(-3qt^lV22s _ 3st8s x2+llx-1452=0.
, 2(4) 8
lQuadratic Equationl

35+85*o.35-85 Comparing with a x2 + bx + c = 0, we have:

--8 -l- 'a' = L,'b' = 11, and 'c' = -L452.
Now, * - 4ac = (rr)z - n,rU-rru4
120 -50 121 + 5808 = 5929 > 0.
8
*da =

_)q -b+
= 1q ald j.
4
Thus, r = 15. l'.' Time can't be -'oef
- fi r .,ls92e -"1Ltn
Hence, the iarger tap can fill the tank in 15 hours )n\ 2
and the smaller tap can fill the tank in
(15 + 10) l.e. 25 hours. -11,+77and- - 7"1-77
Q. 10. An express train takes t hour less than a .1
passenger train to travel 132 km between
Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into 66and-
- -88
= -
considetation the time they stoP at -22
intermediate stations)' If the average speed of
the express train is 11 km/h more than that of
= 33 and - 44.

the paisenger train, find the average speed of I nen x = JJ.

the two trains. (CBSE 2011) l',' SPeed of train can't be <:el
Sol. Let x km/h be the average speed of passenger Hence, the speed of passenger kain = 33 km/h
train. and the speed of express Lu;n = (33 + 17) i'e',
.'. Average sPeed of exPress train 44 km/h.

= (r + 11) km/h. Q. 11. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If
the difference of their perimeters is 24 n1 find
Distance between Mysore and Bangalore
. the sides of the trYo squares.
132 km
Sol. For Larger Square.
132 Let 'r' m be the length of each side.
Time taken by Passenger train = hours
- Then its area = I m2
f ,.7i*.--l Dittonrr) and its Pedmeter = 4r m.
For Smaller Square
I SPeed )
Let 'y' m be the length of each side.
J32- 1-to*r. Then, its atea = !2 *
Time taken by express 1rrln =
and its Perimeter = 4Y m.
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS
@I
Q. 2. Find the values of 'k'for following
each of the Thus, x = 70.
quadratic equations, so that they have two l'.' Side of a rectangle a1n't be ael
equal root6: Hence, the breadth of rectangular grove
(il 2*+kx+3=o li kx(x-21 +6=o' =20m
So1. (i) The given quadratic equation is: and the length of rectangular grove
2*+kx+3=0 ...(1) =2x70=40m.
Comparilg with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we have: Q.4. Is the following situation possible? If so,
determine their Present ages'
'a' =2,'b'=kand'c'=3'
The sum ofthe ages of two friends is 20 years'
Since the roots of equation (1) are equaf Four years ago/ the Product of their ages in
lGiaenl years was 48.
.'. D=0 Sol, Let 'r' years be the age of fust ftiend'
i.e., - 4ac = o
bz .'. Age of second friend = (20 - :) years'

=) P-4(2)(3) --o = l3-zs=o Four yearc ago,

k2 =24 = k= lJA. Age of first friend = (x - 4) Years

Hence, k = !2.,15. Ase or second rrieno

(ii) The given quadratic equation is: = ?lu;r1".r.
kt(x-2)+6=0 rheir product
kaz-2*t + 6 =0. =rir;!, tr- ri,. *
= = -xz + 20x - 64.
Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = O, we have:
By the questiolL
'a' = k,'b' = -2k, atd'c' = 6'
Since the roots of equation (1) are equaf
-x2+20x-64=48
lGiaenl = -x2 +20x-64-48 =0
= -x2+}Ox-112=0
D=0 + x2-20x+112=0 . (1)

t.€,, b2-4ac=0 Comparing with ai + bx + c = 0, we have:

+ (2D2-4(k) (5) = 0 'a' = "1,'b' = - 20 and 'c' = 112'
+ 4e-24k=o ;. D=*-4ac
+ 4k(k-6)=0 = (-20)2 - 4(1X112)
k(k-61 =O =400'448=-48<0'
k=0 or k-6=0 ..Roots of (1.) are not real.
= Hence, the given situation is not possible'
j k=0 or k=6.
Q. 5. Isit possible to design a rectangular park of
Hence, k = 0,6.
periieter 80 m and area 400 m2? If so, find its
mango
Q. 3. Is it possible to design a rectangular length and breadth.
grove whose length is twice its breadth, and Sol. Let 'r'm and 'y' m be the length and breadth
the area is 800 m2? If so, find its length and of rectangular Park.
breadth. .'. Perimeter of rectangular Park = 2(r + y) m
Sol. Let 'x' m be the breadth of rectangular Srove' and area of rectangular park -- xy l::r2'
.'. Length of rectangular grove = 2r m' By the question,
.'. Area of rectangular grove = kngih x Breadth 7(x+y) = 80 and xY = 400
= (x)(2x) = 2* m2. + x+Y=40 ...(1)

By the questioo and xY = 400 .(2)

2x2 =800 = x2=400 From (1), A=40-x ...(3)

Putting in (2), r(40 - r) = 400

= a= *.,ffi -x= t2O.
tr.gq MODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

=+ 40x - x2 = 400
=) xz-40x + 400 -O ...(4) _ -(10)1"rb = 4010 =zo.
Comparing with axT + bx + c = 0, we have: 2(1) 2

'a' = L,'b' = - 40 and 'c' = 400. When r = 20, then {rom (3),
.'. D = G -4ac !=4{J-20=20.
= (- 40)2 - 4(1) (400) = 1600 - 1600 = 0. Thus, length and breadth of rectangular park
.'. The equation (4) has real and equal roots. are each equal to 20 m.
Hence, the given rectangular park exists and it
_bXJD rs a square.
.'. I=-
2a

NCERT Exeupun PRoeler,rs

Topic-I: Multiple Choice Questions. (Ifi) Ans. No.
Exercise 4.t Refer Competition File
Justification:
Topic-II: Short Answer Questions with Reasoning
2*2-6r+2
2
EXERCISE 4.2 D =b2-4nc
Q. 1. State whetherthe following quadratic equations
have two distinct real roots. Justify your answ€r: = (-6f -4@(1)
(l *-3x+4=0 (il zf +x-t=o
=36-35=0
(iiil -9 + Real and equal roots.
zxz- 6x +
1=O Uul 3*-4x +'!.=0
(i.r) Ans. Yes.
(a) (x+
4)2-8x=0 Justification:
(ti) (x- .J)2-2 (, + 1) = 0 3i-4a+1.=0.
D=P-4nc
taiil Ji*-i,*fr=o eq2 -40) G)

(aiii) x(1.-x)-2=0
=16-12
(l.r) (x-1) k+2l+2=0
=4>0
(r) (x+ 1) A-21 +x=o. = Real and distinct roots.
(z) Ans. No.
Sol. (l) Ans. No.
Justification:
Justification: (x+4)2-8x=O
x2-3x+4 =0. =+ *+8x +16-8r=0
D = G-4ac + x2 +1,6=0.
= (+)2 _4 $)(4) D =b2,4nc
=9-16=-t<0 =(0f-4(1X15)
= No real roots. 0_64=_64<0
(li) Ans. Yes.
Justificationj
= No real roots.
(ar) Ans. Yes.
2i+r-1=0. Justification:
D =0-4ac
= o)2-4Q)Cl)
@-42-z(r+1)=0
=1+8=9>0 "+ x2 -2.12x +2-2x-Z=0
+ Real distinct roots.
=+ f-frJt+2)x=0.
r!@ MODERN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS_X

otJs Topic-III: Short Answer euestions

=ql@g_
22
=e*2' = 3x'D.
Hence, there eists a quadratic equation whose Q. 1. Find the oI the quadratic equations by using
-roots
coefficients are rational, but both of its roots are the quadratic formula in each of the folowing;
irrational. @2*-sx-s=0
Q. 5. Does there exist a quadtatic equation whose GA 5* + 13: + 8 = 0
coefficients are all distinct inationals but both
the roots are rationals? Why?
liii) 4* + 5r + 12 = 0
(io) -*+7x-1O=O
Ans Yes,

Justification: Consider the quadratic equation lo)*+2Jix-a=o

^15x2 -z .,,lsx + tz nE -0. (oi) * -s"fsx+70 =o
1

Here, x =
-(-2"6r t fJ,ap[6*r, {aiil 1l- J1l x+r=0.
Sol. (l) The given equation is 2*-3x -S 0 ...(1)
=
7"6,r Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = O, we have:
z"ti x
^t:
"15 'a' = 2,'b' = -3 and 'c, = -5.

7 !1. 7+1 7_1 -b!

='= 2' 2 =4'3' 2a
Hence, there exists a quadratic equation whose a----:i-
coefficients are all distinct irradonals but both the -(-3) r J(-3)', - 4 (2) (-s)
=
roots are rationals. --- ,(4
Q. 6. Is 0.2 a root of the equation I - 0.4 = 0? Justify.
3t1p+40 3!J4s
Ans. No.
4
Justification: xz - 0.4 = O 3x7 1,0 -4 5
= x2 = 0.4
4 4'4 -2
= x = = JT.rto
+ Hence, and -1 are the roots of equation (1).
x = t 0.632. !
Hence, 0.2 is not a root of the given equation. (ii) The given equation is 5l + 13x + 8 = 0 ...(1)
Q,7. ltb = Q c < Q is it true that the roots ol* +bx Comparing with ar2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
* : 9 are numerically equal and opposite in
" 'a' = 5,'b' = 13 and 'c' = g.
sign? ]ustify.
Ans, True. /-a:_-
-b!Jb'-4ac
Justification: 12 + bx + c = O. 2a
Here,D=b2-4ac _13rv/(l3r_4{5)(8)
= - bz 4(1)(c) = b2
- 4c = - 4c [...b = 0] --- ,(,
=4k,wherek=-c>0 [.c<o] _ -13 1da_160
-a rJD -o!J4k 10

2a 2 (1) -BtJ9 -13i3

.ti 10 10
- rzv^
_ f __-L1,r^. - li
-1.6 -1.O_ _- 8 _1
2
Hence, the roots are numerically equal but 10'10 - 5 "'
opposite in sign. Hence, j-8 and -1 are the roots of equation (1).
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @I
(iil) The given equation is -3r2 + 5x + 12 = 0 (zz) The given equation is I - 3J-5r + 10 = 0 .'.(i)

= 3x2-5x-12=0. Comparing with c* + bt + c = 0, we have:

Comparing with axz + bx + c = 0, we have:
'a' = l,'b' = -3 JE and 'c' = 10.
'a' = 3,'b' = - 5 and'c' = -12.

-bl.\E -4* -b!E -4*

2a
2a

, (-5) 1!G5F - 4 (3) (-14 -cal5lr.I-aGf - +trl trol

2(3) 2 (1)

_ st.lE+1,44 _5 r J1,69
_ al5tfs-+o _ eJEtG
66
5113 l8 -8 . -4
4ii z'"ti ^ r= t=
- (\ -'3
6'6 = 2' 2 =zv)'\i5'
-4 and JB are the roots of equation (1)'
2G
Hence,3 and are the roots of equation (1)' Hence,
7
(ail) The given equation is:
(ia) The given equation is -x2 + 7x - 10 = 0
+ i -7x + 10=0 "(1) 1^ O ..(1)
Comparing with axz + bx + c = 0, we have:
,x2-.J11x+L =
'a' = '1.,'b' -- J and'c' = 10. Comparing with ai + bx + c = 0 we have:
l- 1_ 'c'=
-btt!b'-4ac 'o' = i,'b'= -Jn and 1.

-en!Fl, -4,;.000) -btJa'-+o,

2a
2(1)

z+.[+s-n
-22
zxJg -(-Jttl t
7!3 10 4 ..
2 22
Hence, 5 and 2 are the roots of equation (1)'
_ JntJn-z -JiTtJs
(a) The given equation is x2 * 2{2x - 6 = o ..(1) 1

Comparing with a* + bx + c = 0, we have: = Jrrta=Jrr+3,fi1 -3.

,a,
= 1,,,b, = 2J2 and'c' = - 6. Hence, .,{f + 3 and fil - e are the roots of
r-- equation (1).
-b!,,1b" -4ac
-^- Q. 2. Find the roots of the following quadratic
equations by the factorisation method:
---
-zJz- !',ltzJzf - 4(l)(-6)
,-------=
\
tilz*+ , x-2=0
2(1)
2- 3
-2'[1= ,[8 +2a -z"D t sJl {t0 ,l-x-; =o
-22 (itt z{2*-sx-"!2=s
2A -6J, R ^h Gds*+5./lx-10=0
= 2 , 2 = \lL,-atz.
1

Hence, -3]2 and r[ are the roots ofequation (1).

tul 2l* -2x + u =0.
OUADRATIC EOUATIONS @a
.'. Roots are real.
1r\6J r+Jsr r-Jsr
_bTJD =--.--=-=_.-,..
555
2a
H"rr"", 1*JE 1:S are the roots of
-2 r Jioo "r'ra
= 2 (8) equation (1).

I -12 11
= -2110
16 =16'16
(ia) The givm equation is ,;:5+ r-5 = 1...(1)

+ (:r-5)+(2:r-3)=(2r-3)(r-5)
13 + 3x-8=2*- 10*-3x + 15
24
:+ sx-8=2*-73x+1,5
13 +2* -l3x + 15 - 3r + 8 = 0
Hence, Il4 and -; are the roots of equation (1).
:e 2x2-76x+23=0,
(ii) The given equation is: Comparing with
-2*+3x+2=0 ...(1)
a* + bx + c = 0, we have:
Comparing with
'a' = 2, 'b' = -L6 and'c' = 23.
af +bx+ c = o, we have:
Now, D =F-hc=(--tq2-4Q\e3)
'a' = -2, 'b' = 3 and 'c' = 2.
Now, D -- * - 4nc = (3)2 - 4(-2) (2) =256-L84=72>0.
.'. Roots are real.
=9+16=25>0.
.'. Roots are real.
-btJD
2a
-bt JD
2a
-(-1,6)t..lV, t6t^li,
t:= =r(r)=4
-J^ = VZC
= ,c4= -3-r5
-4 6J' =a=
, 3J?
1,6t
2 -8 1^ 4 = 2
-4',-4 2'
3J, 3J,
=4+-.4--
2Z
",'2-f
H.n and 2 are the roots of equation (1).

(iii) The given equation is Hmce,

8+3J2u"d- 84J, are the roots of
5P-2x-10 =0 ...(1)
f ?
equation (1).
Comparing with al + br + c = 0, we have:
(z) The given equation is:
'a' = 5, 'b' =
-2 arrd 'c' = -10.
Now, D = F - 4ac = (-2)2 - 4 (5) (-10) f +5.tjx-70=0 ...(1)

=4+200=2M>0. Comparing with

,'. Roots are real. ax2 + bx + 6 = Q, we have:

-bTJD 'a' = l,'b' = 5JB and 'c' = -10.

.,. x
2a
Now, D = * - uc = (5J5 ), - 4 (1) (-zo)

-e)t J2o4 ztz^lst =1?5+280=405>0.

- 2(5) - 10 .'. Roots are real.
 MODEHN'S abc +OF MATHEMATICS.X

_btJD x+20 = 0
x=- and r-8 =0
-@I 2a
x = -20
-s J5 + J+os and r =8.
2(1) But r
= -20 is not a natural number.
Hence, the required natural number is 8.
-s JB t q"5 Q' 4.A train, travelling at a uniform speed for
2 360 km, would have taken 48 minutes less to
travel the same distance if its speed were
a,Ji 5 km/hr more. Find the original speed of the
= 2'2 -taJS train.
Sol" Let x km/h be the original speed of the train.
= 2Ji, -7Ji. Distance traveLled = 360 krn
Hence, 2"f and -ZJB are the roots of equation brcreased speed of the train = (r + 5) km/h
(1).
By the question,
Q.2.Find a natural number whose square
diminished by 84 is equal to thrice of 8 more 360 360 48 l.. r'*. - oitto"'J
than the given number.
x x+5 60 | speed I
Sol. Let 'r' be the natural number.
By the question, lso eo] 4
i-u = g(x+8) Ir x+5] s
+ * -84 = 3x+24 90 90
+ *-84-3x-24 = o x x+5 5
+ l-3r-to8 = o
= * -72x + 9r - 108 = 0
90(x+5)-90x 1

+ x(x-12) +9(x -72) = ! x(r+5) 5

:+ (x -72\ (t + 9) = 0 90x+450-90x 7
:+ x- 12 = 0 x'+5x =5
and x+9 = 0
450 1

.r' + 5_x =5
and x = -9.
But r =- 9 is not a natural number. + 2250 = *+5x
Hence, the required natural number is 12. + * + 5x -2250 =0
Q. 3. A natural number, when increased by 12, equals + * + 50x - 45x -2250 =0
150 times its reciprocal. Find the number. + r(r + 50) - 415(x + 50) = 0
Sol. Let '.r' be the natural number. + (r+50) (r-45) = 0
By the question, + x+50 =O
/1\ and r-45 =0
x+12 =160[-J x = - 50, 45.
Thus, x = 45. ['..r>0]
= *
+72x = 760
Hence, the original speed of the train = 45 krn/h.
+ *+72x-160 = 0 5. If Zeba werc younger by 5 years than what she
Q.
+ *+20x-8x-160 = 0 really is, then the square of her age (in years)
+ x(x+ 20)-8 (x+ 20) =0 would have been 11 more than five times her
+ (x+ 20) (r-8) = s actual age. What is her age now?
QUADHATIC EQUATIONS @I
15 E. The quadratic equation 2r2 has:
Q.l. ff':' is a root of the equation x2+kx-
zu Q, -JBx+1=0
= 0, thm the value of 'k' is:
(a) two distinct real roots
(a) 2 (b) -2 (b) tlvo real equal roots
1 1 (c) no real roots
(c) (d\
', -4 ', -.
2 (d) more than 2 real roots.

Q. 5. Which of the following equations has the sum Q. 9" Which of the following equations has two
of its roots as '3'? distinct real roots?
\a) 2*-3x+6=0 _9
(b)-x2+3r-3=0 (a)2x2 -3.12x + =0
j
7
k\
'' J2x' ----:x+L=0
1.
(b)*+x-5=0
\A
(d)3x2-3x+3=0. @) * + 3x +zJi = o @)5* -3x + 1'
= O.

e.5. Value of ?'for which the quadratic equation

Q. 10. Which of the following equations has no real
2l - kx + k = 0 has equal roots is: roots?
(a) 0 only (b) 4
(c) 8 only (d) 0,8. @)* - +x + 3Ji = O @)* + +x -3Jz = o
e, 7, 1 y'hich constant must be added and subtracted (c) *' 4x - 3Ji = 0 @)3* + a$ x+ 4=0.
to solve the quadratic equation Q. 11 (l+ l)2-f= 0has:
g*2 - Tr-lJ= (a) four real roots (b) two real roots
o. tv the method of (c) no real roots (d) one real root
4
completing the square:
1 1
("); (b)
64
Auswrns
1 9 L (A 2. Q) 3. (c) 4. (a) s. (b) 6. @)
(d)
@V 64' 7. (b) s. k) e. (b) 10. (a) u. (c).

Hrrrs ro Seucreo Quesnors

e.t *-* =(r-1)3
+ f-x2=f-3x2+3x-1 e.7.ex2+ix-Jz=o
+ -*=4*+3x-7 1

=9*+2xjx3x-J2=0
= 2* -3x +'1. = O,which is a quadratic equation. 8

q. z. 1{zx+Ji)z + * = 3* - 5x rrr'z
=e* +2, 16, a, *ft)2
\8/ -ls) -vz =o

= 2*+2J6x+3+i=3*-5x r t:2 1
3 + 2J6 x = - 5x, which is not a quadratic lax+il --:--J2-
='\8)64 =0.
= equafion.
Q.8.D=b2-kc
q
e.4. Putting x =l^*'*tr- 4
= 0, we get: = (-
^,6)'? -4(2X1)=5-8=-3<o
No real roots.
tk5 5 =
Q. 11. (l +'D2 - 12 = o
1

4'2 4 -' ' 24 :+ (* +7 + x) (l + 1-r) =A

k
+ k=2. + *+x+L=0
or x2-x+l=0.
e.s. sumorroots = lFrom (b)l
Hence, D=(1)2-4=-3<0
i= e) or D = (-1)2 - 4(1)(1) = -3 < 0.
=3. Hence, no real roots.
E!@ MODEFN,S abc + OF MATHEMATICS-X

E Nmoun- Tnumr Semcn ExruurHmou (NTSE) f

k) p3 @t1.
Q. 1. If r= , then
(a)x> 1 Q.6. Find the value of
(b)r< 2
Q.7. If one root of a quadratic equation arz + bx + c
(c)1< x <2
= 0 is three times of the other, then find the value
(d) can't be determined. of d in iemrs of a and c.
Q. 2. Ifone root of the equation I + px -12=0 b 4 Q.8" Find the value of 'k'so that the roots of the
and the roots of I - 2pr + 4 = 0 g squal, then equation:
value of 4 is :
(k-14 * + (k - 1-Z)x + 2 = 0 are equal.
(a)-1 (b) 1
(c) Q. 9. A factory kept increasing its ou@ut by tfre same
o (d) None of these
percentage every year. Find the percmtage, if
Q. 3. If a and p are the roots of the equation axz + bx
it is known that the output of the factory is
+D=0,then
la- in* ti o, doubled in the last two years.
fiS {i ,h Q. 10. Find the value of 'k' Ior which the quadratic
(a)1 (b)2 equation.
*-b + 4 = 0 has real roots.
(c) o (q2e
Q. 4. If x = L is a common root of the equations.
p* + px + 3 = 0 arrd * + x + q = g, tllgnthe value ANswnns
of pq b:
(a) (b)-2
(c) 2.(b) 3.(c) 4.(a) s.(a) 6.4
J5
(c)-3 (d) - 1. ^16
bt= e.\N ("t2 -
Q. 5. If d, p are the roots of the equation:
7.
Tac 8.12" 20 \k p.a.

1^ 10. k<-4,k>4.
*^- (p + 1) x +, (f + p + 1) = 0, then o(2+ 02 is.

(a) p @) p2

HrNrs ro Seucreo Queslolrs

Q. 6.l,et x = b2 c -" 16
- L6or=-+b'=T*.
:.x=.tg+2x. Q. 9.Iri t r be input, time = 2 years, rate = fk p.a. and
Squaring,l = A +2x+* -2: -8 =0 + x=4. output = ? 2r.
Q. Let o and 3cr be the roots of al + bx + c = O.
7,
r' v\2
hb By the questiory x[1+ 2r
Io0.J =
Thmcr+30= -: =4a= --
aa
I .t2
ca=--
4a
b
...(1)
=|.r.#] =z+r+fr
:+ r = 100 (.,!2 - 1) "/, p.a.
And (cr) (3cr) = I *o?=
c
...Q) Q. 10. Here, D)0
a 3a
+ (-k)2 - 4(1X4) > 0
, . '2
From (1) and (2),
t-b\ c +P>t6 + lkt> 4
l+o1 3a +k<-4ak>4.
OUADRATIC EQUATIONS @I
Suummv
1. A quadratic equation in the variable 'x' is of the Iorm: a* + bx + c = 0, where a,b and c are real numbers and
a+O.
2. The zeroes of the quadratic polyno rrial ax2 + Dx + c are same as the roots of the quadratic equation al + hr
+c=0.
3. lf u' is a zero ol ax2 + bx + c, then' d
' is a rcat ofa* + bx + c = 0'
4. A number' al is a root of s* + bx + c = O it a* + bs' + c = 0'
5. Ifa*+bx+c=A(u+0)canbefactorisedintoaproducioftwolinearfactortthentherootsofthequadratic
equation al + br + c = 0 can be found by equating each factor to zero'
6. A quadratic equation can be solved by the method of completing the square'

7. The roots of al +bx + c= 0 (a*0) are given by the formula r =

-br"{a'-s* , provided t -uc>O.
2a

8' If uand p are the roots of ar2 + bx + c=0(a +0), then cr+ p = -4a '
9. The discriminant of the equation axT +bx + c = 0 (a +0) is grvenby D =* -kc
10. Nature of roots of the quadratic equation af + bx + c = O, a * 0'
Value of D Nattrre of Roots
D>0 Real ald distinct
D=0 Real and equal
D<0 Not real

Cnmren Tesr
Time Allowed:.l Hour Max. Marks: 30

1. Write the sum of real roots of the equation:

f +5lxl -6=0.
2. Write the condition tobe satisfied for which the equations al +2bx+ c=aead'b*-2iix++=0
have equal roots.
3. Check whether the given values are solutions of the given equation or not'
* ,
-3x + 20 = 0; x = --2,11. |,
4. Solve, by factoisation, i - (^12 +1)x+J, =0.
1. _-1. -;,x+3,-5-
1
5. __-_--: _
x-3 r+5_ = b
Solve;

x-l x-3 ^31,x*2,4.

1
3
6. Solve:
-- r_4=
7. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182. 3

8. Find the values of '// so that equation has equal toots: kx(x-2)+6=0' 3

9. A motor boat whose speed is 18 kmlh in still water takes t hour more to go 24 km uPstream than
to retum downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream'
10. The altitude of a right-triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hlpotenuse is 13 cm, find the other
two sides.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
@T
NCERT FILE
NCERT Exenctses (Sor-veo)
Topic-I: Quadratic Equations (a) We have:
(2x -(x- 3) = (r + s) (r - 1)
1)
= 2x2 - 6x - x + 3 = x2 - x + 5x - 5

following are quadratic

+2x2-7x+3=*+4x-5
Q. 1. Check whether the
equations: =2*-7x+3-x2-4x+5=0
() (r + 1)2 =2(x-31 =+x2-LLx+8=0,
whichis of the lormax2+bx+c=qa*0'
Gi) * -Lx = (- 2) (3 - x) Hence, (1) is a quadratic equation'
(iiil (x - 2\ (r + 1) = (r - 1) (r + 3) (ai) We have:
(nl @-31 12ra1\ =x(x+51 x2+3x+t = (x -2)2 ..(1)
(o) (,j,.-1',,(x-3'l=@ + s) (r- 1) i *+3x+1' = x2+4-4x
@ *+3x+1=lr--2\2 =x2+3x+1,-x2-4+4x=0
kii) k+2\3 =2x(e-D = 7x-3 = 0,
bi, * _4*_x +7=k_Z)3. which has no term containing .x2.
Soi. (l) We have: Hence, (1) is not a quadratic equation'
(r + 1)2 = 21a-3; ..(1) (aii) We have:
= *+2x+1= 2x-6 (x + 2)3 = 2x(x2 - 1) ...(1)
x2 + 2x + -Lr +6=
= f + (2)3 + 3(42 e) 3(r)(2)2 =2f
1, 0 + -2x
=
= *+7 =0, +8 + 6*+lLr=Zf -Zx
which is of the form axL + bx + c = 0; a + 0' =.f
+f+8 +6i+12x-2f+2x=0
Hence, (1) is a quadratic equation'
(ii) We have: = -x3 + 6i + lLx + 8 =0,
which is a cubic equation.
x2- 2x = (- 2) (3 - x) ...(1)
l'.' Highest Power of x = 3l
+ x2-2x = -6+2x Hence, (1) is not a quadratic equation'
=x2-Zx+6-2x =0 (zili) We have:
= x2-4x+6 =0, f _x +1= (x_2)3
_ 4xz ...(1)

which is of the lotm axz + bx + c -- U a + 0'

= x3 - 4* - x+ 1 = f -
(2)3 + 3(r)2 (- 2)
Hence, (1) is a quadratic equation' + 3(x)(- z)z
(lli) We have:
= f - 4x2 - x + L = f +8
- 8 - 6x2 + 12x
(x-z)(x+1) = (r-1)(x+3) "(1) = x3 -4i - x+'l-f
+ 6x2 -lZx=0
r i+x-2x-2=x2+3x'x-3 +2x2-13x+9=0,
x2-x-2=x2+2x-3 which is o{ the {orm a* + bx + c = 0; a + 0'
= Hence, (1) is a quadratic equation'
= x2-x-2-*-2x+3=0 Q. Represent the following situations in the
2. form
= -3r+1= 0, of quadratic equations:
which has no term containing :r2' (0 The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2' The
Hence, (1) is not a quadratic equation' length of the plot (in metres) is one more
(lu) We have: than twice its breadth. We need to find the
(x ' 3) (2x + 5;
1) = 111 1 "(1) length and bteadth of the Plot.
2*+x-6x-3=*+5x (i0 The product of two consecutive Positive
= integers is 305' We need to find the integers'
=2x2-5x-3-x2-5x=0 (ii0 Rohan's mother is 26 years older than him'
= x? -\ox-3 = o, The product of their ages (in years) 3 years
which is of the form of al + bx + c = 0; a + 0' fromnow will be 360. We would like to find
Hence, (1) is a quadratic equation' Rohan's Present age.
 T ODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS_X

(x-7)-(x+4) 11 LX+Z 1

-@ (x+4)(x-7) 30 x'+2x-15 = 3
x-7-x-4
---:--- LL bx+b=xz+Zx_L5
x'-7x+ 4x-28 30 ..: x2 +2x-15-6x-6=O
= x2 -4t-21 =o [Quadratic Equation]
- 11
--:-:- 11 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = O we have:
rF-i' x'-3x-28 30
a=1,b=-4atdc=_21.
-11 x30 =LL(x2-gx_28) Now, b2 - 4ac = (-- 4 0)e 2t)
4)z
-30=x2-3x-Zg =16+84=100>0.
*-gx-28+go=o
-3x xz + 2=0. x= -bt,la,
, -s*
Comparing with 2a
a* + bx + c = 0, we have:
4+10
's' = l,'b' = - 3 and,c' = 2- =:t_4)rfi00
zAl=z
Now, b2 - anc = (- lz - ag1p1

=9-8=1>0. _ 4+ l0 and 4_10

22
-bt^lb'-4ar
2a 146
=_and__
22
-(-3)1J1 3t1 =7and_3.
2(1) 2 Thus, x =7. [.., Age can,t be *zse]
Hence, present age of Rehman is Z years.
q
= _3+l and
1
:____: Q.5.I.n a class test, the sum of Shefali,s marks
z2 Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got
in
2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 rnarks liss
2
=! and-=2and1.
2
in English, the product of their marks would
have been 210. Find her marks in the two
Hence, 2 and 1 are the roots of equation (1). subjects.
Q. 4,The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman,s age Sol. Let 'x' be the marks of Shefali in Mathematics.
(in years) 3 years ago and 5 years from nowls
.'. Marks of Shefali in English = 30 _ x.
1,
Find his ptesent age. By First Condition,
5.
Shefali's marks in Mathematics = r + 2
Sol. Let present age of Rehman be r years.
and Shefali's marks in English = 30 _ r _ 3
3 years ago Rehman,s age = (r _ 3) years
=27 - x.
5 years from now Rehman,s age = (.r + ,5) years. .'. The product = Qc + 2) e7 - x)
By the questiory
=27x_*+s4_Lx
111 _ =_x2+'ZSx+54.
x*3 .t+5 = 3 By Second Condition,
-+_ - x2 + ZSx + b4=210
1 + I -ZSx -54+210=0
3
= x2-25x+156=0.
--;- 2x+2 1
Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = e we have:
leuadratic Equation)
x'+5x-3x-15 J
'a' = 1.,'b' = - 25 and ,c, = 156.
 MODERN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X
(I) When r = 18, then from (2),
!2=8(18)=7M -5rJ7z2s -5t8s
2(1) 2
=+ a= r J1.44 =x12.
(II) When r =- 1e then from (2), -5+85and _-5-85
).
f =A ( ry = - 80, which is impossible.
r =- 80 _-90
Thus, 10 is rejected.
= _ard
1.
Hence, the required numbers are 1g and 12 or
18 and - 12. = 40 and - 45.
Q. 8. A train travels
360 km at a uniform speed. If Thus, x= 40. f.. Speed cannot be --uel
the speed had been 5 km/h more, ii would Hence, the speed of hain is 40
km/hr.
have taken I hour less for the same journey. Two water taps together can fill a tank in
Q.9.
Find the speed of the kain.
3
Sol. I,et x km/h be the speed of the train. 9, hours. The tap of larger diameter takes
Distance covered by the train = 360 krn.
10 hours less than the smaller one to fill the
360 tank separately, Find the time in which each
.'. Time taken by the t rir, = hor.r. tap can separately fill the tank
x
Sol. [€t '.r'hours be the time, taken by larger tap to
tl': -. Distantel fill the tank.
ltme= .'. Time taken
I Speed I by smaller tap to fill the tank
= (r + hous.
10)
I,ly'hen the speed is increased, the new speed of
-l For one hour,
the train = (r + 5) km/h.
.'. Time taken by the train with increased speed
Larger tap can fill the tank = 1
360 x
= hours.
r+5
- Smaller tap can fiIl the til* =
By the question, -f
x+10
360 360 Both taps can fill the tank
x x+5 11
_+_ =
...(1)
360 (x + 5) - 360x x x +'lO
x(x+5) Given: Both taps can fill the tank in 93
8
360r+1800-350r
x2+5x
i."., E ho*s

1800 .'. kr t hour, both taps can fill the tark =* ,r,
x- +5x
From (1) and (2),
1800 = 12 +5r
*+5x- 1800 = 0.
11
_+_
leuadratic Equationl
x x+10 75
Comparing with af + bx + c = 0, we have: x+'10+x 8
'a' = 1,,'b' = 5 and'c' = - 1800. x(:+10) 75
Now, b2 _ 4ac = (5)2 _ 4 (1) (_ 1800)
2x+70 8
= 25 + 7200 = 7225 > O.
x'+10x /5
-b! 75(2x+10)=8(r2+10x)
2a 150x + 750=8r2 + 80.r
Ir@ MODEFiN,S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X
By the question,
Sol. (r) The given quadratic equation is;
x2 + f = 468, ...(1) 2x2-3x+S=O ..(1)
and 4r - 4y=24 Comparing with a* + bx + c 0, we have:
=
i.e. x-Y=5 ...(2) 'a'= 2,'b' = _ 3, and ,r, = 5.
From (2), x=6+A ...(3) Now, D= b2 - 4ac
Putting in (1), = (1)2 _ 4e)$) = 9 _ 40 = _31 < 0.
(6+y)2+f=469 Hence, the equation (1) has no real roots.
+ 36+12y+f+y2=468 (li) The given quadratic equation is:

= 2y2 + l\y + 36= 468 3x2 -4^l1x+4 =o ...(1)

=+ 2f +12y +36-468=0 Comparing with az2 + bx + c 0, we have:
=
= 2f + 72y - 432= 0
'a' = 3, 'b' = - 4Jj , and '(
=r f+6y-21,6=0. =4.
Now, D=b2-4ac
leuadratic Equation)
Comparing with ayz + lry + c e we have:
= = e 4Jrz _4(3)(4) = 48 _ 48 = o.
'a' = 7,'b' = 6 and'c' =
-216. Thus, the equation (1) has real and equal roots.
Now, b2 _ 4ac = @)2 _ 4g)(_21,G)
_btJD
= 36 +864 = 900 > 0. Now, x =
2a

-b! _ - (- 4.rE) r Jo
2a 2 (3)

_ -61",600 _ _6130 _4Jdxo_z z

2(1) 2 6 .t5'J5'
1''
Hence, -6- and are the roots of eq uation (j
-6+30ard _-6-30 JJ =
V3 ).
22 (iii) The given quadratic equation is:
24and _-36 Zx2-6x+3=0 .(1)
=_)1 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
'a' = 2,'b' = - 6, ar,d ,c, 3.
=
= 12 and - 18,
Now, D=lf -4ac
Thus,y =12.
= (- - 4e)G)
6)2
[... Length of a side can't be _ztel
=36-24=12>0.
From (3), r =6 +12=18. Thus, the equation (1) has real and distinct
roots.
Hence, the sides of two squares are 12 m and
_b TJD
18 m. Now, x=
2a
TOPIC-IV: Nature of Roots _ (_
_ 6)!.,112
2 (2)

6=ZJi :r nE
Q, 1. Find the nature of the roots of the following 42
qrradratic equations. If the teal roots exisi
them:
fin; s+uE .3_,[z
(0 2*-3x+5=0
i + ./1 2,
- -1.-
(i0 3x2 -4^l-3x+4=o
Flence/
-----j-:- and :-= are the roots of
GiA 2*-6x+g=0. equation (1).
f-f4/dl N,IODERN'S abc + OF MATHEMATTCS-X

Sol. (r) The given equation is: (rz) The given equation is:
-5
2*+1x-2=0 ...(1)
3r2+51!x-10=0 ...(1)

=+ 6* +5x-6=0 = 3*+6.!5x- JSr-10=0

= 6i+9x-4x-5=O = 3x(x+2u$) - J5(r*zJE)=o
+ 3xQ.x + 3) -2(2x + 3) = 0 :+ (x+2rg) (3x- J5 )=0
=. (2x+3)(3x-z)=0
:+ 2x+3=0 and 3x-2=0 = x+2J5 =0 and 3r- !6 =0

= ,= 32 and -, x= x=-zls ano J5

,=T.
,. -
a) .E
Hence, -it3and ] are the roots o{ equation (l). Hence, -2 ,/5 and *3 are the roots of equation (1).
(i) The given equation is:
(o) The given equation is:
Z^J
sxz-"Y- 5 =0 ...(1)
zli -2x + i1 =o "(1)
= zi-Sx-s=o + 441,* -4Zx +1=O
=t 2x2-6x+x-3=0
[Multiplying lry 21)
+ 2x (x -3) + 1(r - 3) = 0
= +41-* -2Lx - 21,x + t =O
+ (:-3)(2r+1)=0 s 21.x(21.x - 1) - 1(21r - 1) = 0
:+ (21x-1)Qlx-1) =0
and 2x+1=0 :+ 21.x-L=0 and 21x - 1,=0
+ x=3
+ x=n11 and ,=n.
and , = -!.2
11
Hence,
1 7 and ; are the roots of equation (l).
Hence, 3 and -f are the roots of equation (1).
Topic-IV: Long Answer Queetions
(dr) The given equation is:

3Jr*-5x-.Jj =s ...(1)

+ 3Jirr-6x+x-J2 =g Q, 1. Find whether the follolying equations have real

If real roots exist, find them:
roots.
+ 3"Jlx(x-Jz)+ 1(r-Jr) =0 (i)Bx2+2x-3=0
(x-$) plQx+1) =0 (ii)-2*+gx+2=o
= (iii) s*-2x-70=o
=t x-"D= 0 and 3r[.r+1=0
173
= x=a (i7,)
zx _ g+ x_ 5=7,
x+
i,5
1
(o)*+sJix-70=o.
and x=- Sel. (i) The given equation is:
8i+2x-3 = 0 ...(1)
i.e.,
1 \E .tE Comparing with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we have:
3J2 ,12 6
'a' = 8, 'b' = 2 and 'c' = 1.
Now, D = *_4ac =(2)r_4(8X_3)
Hence, J, and-* are the roots of equation (1).
= 4+96 =100>0.
EE@ MODEBN'S abc +OF MATHEMATICS-X

Fon Assessnaerur
Very Short Answer Type Questions A quadratic equation with rational coefficient
1. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation cannot have irrational roots.
3161+10r+.,6=0. 6. The quantity b2 - 4ac fot a quadratic equation
axz + bx + c = 0 is caUed its discriminant.
2. Examine the nature of the roots of the quadratic
equation: 0.2 is a roots of the equation 12 - 0.4 = 0.

3*-*+2=0 L The roots cf the equ ation a* + bx + c= 0 are always

equal but opposite in sign when b = 0.
3. Find the values of 'H for which the equation:
* + fu - 10 = 0 has real roots. 11
*
The equation
rJ - r_3
L = 7 ; (x 2, 3) is a
4. Is there any value of'k'for which the equation:
quadratic equation
* + 2x + (ts + 1) = 0 has real roots?
10. U the polynomial ox2 + bx + c is a perfect square,
5, Write the value of 'k' Ior which I + rlr + k is a
then bz = 4ac.
perfect square.
Find the value of 'k' lor wlich x2 - kt + 4 = 0 has
equal roots.
ANswnns
7. Show that a = -2 is a solution of the equation:
3* + + 14 = 0.
1.3x 1. False 2. False
Show that r = -3 is a solution of the equation: 3, True 4. False
*+6x+9=0. 5. False 6. True
9. Write the sum of real roots of the equation: 7. False 8. True
*+ lxl -5=0. 9. True 10. True
10. If 2 + is a root of the quadratic equation
JJ with FiIl in the Blanks
rational coefficients, write its other root.
11. Write a quadratic equation, sum of whose roots is
1. A quadratic equation can have at the most
roots.
2J5 and their product is 3.
F- 4ac in the quadratic equation al + bx + c = 0
72. Write the condition to be satisfied for which is called _ .

equations a* + 2bx+ c = 0 and bxz - ZJi x+ b The quadratic equation ar2 + bx + c = 0 has two
= 0 have equal roots. roots, iI ts -4ac<0.
4. The quadratic equation a* + bx + c = 0 has two
and -"-....'........_ roots rt* - 4at > o.
ANswsns
5. Iiff ana 0 are two roots of the equation 3x2 + 7r
1. 64 2, Real and distinct
3. All real values 4. No - 15k = 0, then the value of k is
5. k=4 6. k=x4 6. The equation i-3x + 7= 0 has _ roots.
9. 0 10. ., 1; Two numbers rvhose sum is 25 and product is 126
are _ and
11. x2 - 2./1 +3=o t2. F=ac.
11
True/False Questions 8. .-; + .- =5;(x+ 2,3)isa
,-Z I-J
1. Each quadratic equation has two roots. equation"
2. Each quadratic equation has at least two roots. 9. Quadratic formula is also called as
3. Each quadratic equation has at most two roots.
4. A quadratic equation with integral coefficients has
10. Roots of JJ * -Zx - 2JZ =O are--.
and
integral roots.

-
I@ MODEFIN'S abc + OF ITATHEMATICS-X

1E. Value of 'H forwhichtheequation 2* -ka + k = O 26. The roots of the eqlJiatian ax2 + bx + c=0arenon-
has equal roots is: reai if;
(a) 4 only (b) 0 only (a) F-4ac=0 (b) F-4ac>0
(c) 8 only (d) 0,8. (c) b2-4nc<o (d) b =o
19. If the equation x2 - bx + 7 = 0 does not posses real
roots, then: 27. The sum of a number and its reciproc* is *ren
(a) b <-2 f ,

\b) b>2 the nurnber is:

(c) 1<b <? (d) -3 <b <3 (a) | z
\b)
20, lI a and b are the roots of the equation (c) 3 (d) 4
*+ax+b=0,thena+b= 28. The value of 'a' for ax2 + bx + c = 0 to represent a
(a) -2 (b) -1 quadratic equation is:
(c) 1 (d) 2 (a) a<0 (b) a>0
21. If 2 is one root of the equation 2* + kx + 4 = 0, (c\ a*0 (d) a=0
then the other root is:
zo. ll (a2 + F)* + Z(ab + bd)x + cz + d2 = 0 has no real
(a) -6 (b) 6 roots, then:
(c) -L (d) 1
@) an=bc (b) ac = bd
lz. If sin a and cos p are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, (c) ab = cd (d) ad + bc
then b2 equals:
35. If the equation
(a) a2 + ac (b) - ac
a2
(a2 + F)i - Z(ac + bd)x + & + d =}has equal roots,
(c) a2 - Zac (d) az + 2ac then:
23. If x = 1 is a corunon root of px2 + px + 3 = 0 and (a) ab = bd (b) ad =bc
x1 + x + q = 0, then p4 is equal to:
(a) (c) ab = 14 (d) ad= 1fi.
3 (b) -3
(c) 3.s (d) 6
24. The roots of the quadratic equation
ANswsns
x2 + 2pq = (p + 2q)x are:
(a) p,zq (b) -p, -2q 1. (d) 2.(d) a. (b) 4, (c) 5. (a) 6. (a)
@) -ap, q @ p+qp-q (c) 8.(c) s. (a) $. (a n. @) 12. (a)
2s. (3x2 + 2)2 -76x2=ohas 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (b) tz. (c) 18. (d)
(a) no real root (b) one real root 19, (c) 20. (b) 27. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (a)
(c) two real roots (d) four real roots 25. (a) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (c) 2e. (d) 30. (c).

Coupenrror Frl-e
Topic-I: Multiple Choice Questions
(From NCERT Exemplar Exercise 4.1) (a)2(x-1.)2=4rz-U*,
Q. 1. Whidr of the following is a quadratic equation? (b)2t-i=*+5
(a) x2 + 2x a 1= (4- x)2 + 3 (c) \Ji x +^,5 )2 + x2 =3*'5x
(d)(x2+2x)2=#+3+4*.
@)-2x2 = 6- x1 Qx - Zr)
Q.3. Vr'hich of the following equations has'2'as a
root?
(c) * * |2 *= 7, wherek =-
(k+ 1) 1 (a) *-4x+5=0
(d) #-*=(r-1)3. (b)x2+3x-12=0
(c) 2x2-7x+6=0
Q. 2. Which of the following is not a quadratic
equation? (d)Zxz-6x-2=0.
 q

I@ , MODEFiN,S abc+ OF MATHEMATTCS-X

11. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. ff the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have
taken
t hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train. 4

ANswrns
5_
1.0 b2=ac 3. No; No 4. Jr,1 s. -e,7 6. ,,5 7. 13, 1.4

8. k=0,6 6 k*/tt 16. 12 crn, 5 cm 11. 40 l<m/h.

Ain:Toshowgeometrically(a+b+c)2=a2+b2+c2+zab+zbc+zcabypapercuttingandpasting.
Materials required: Coloured paper (6 colours), cardboard gum, ruler, pair of scissors
Pre-requisite knowledge: Area of square = (Side)2
Area of rectangle = Length x Breadth 3cm 3cm 2cm
1. To represent a2, we cut a square of side a units.
2. 'Io represent a&, we cut a rectangle of length a units and
E
2"2
breadth b units.
Procedure: Step 1: Choose suitable values of a, b and c. 3x5 3,s 2x5
Lela=2 cm, &=3cm andc=5cm. 2x3
Step 2:(a + b + c) = (2 + 3 + 5) = 10 cm
(a + b + c12 = 10 cm x 10 cm
Step3:a2=2cmx2cm
5,2 E
To represent a2, cut a square of side 2 cm from the coloured
PaPer.
5,s
Step4:b2=3cmx3cm
To represent &2, cut a square of side 3 cm from the coloured. 3,3 2,3
paPer.
-7
Dtep5:L-=SCrrix5Cm
To represent ,-'2, cut a square of side 5 cm frorn the coloured
paPer.
Step 6:2irb = 2(2 cm x 3 crn)
To represent Zab, ctt 2 rectangle of same colour of dimension 2 cm x 3 cm from the
coloured paper.
Step 7:?bc = 2(3 cm x 5 cm)
To represent Zbc, cut 2 rectangres of same colour of dimension 3 cm x 5 cm from
the coroured paper.
Step 8: 2ca = 2(5 cm x 2 cm)
To represetrt Zca, cut 2 rectangles of same colour of dimensions 5 crr. x 2 cm from
the coloured paper.
step 9;Assemble all the cut-outs on the card board representin g (a + b + c)2 as shown
in figure.
olrservations: AIt the pieces representing a2, b2, c2, ib, zb",2ro completery fit on
the cardbiard
(a r l,+ r';'
Area of 1a +b + c)2 =10cmx10cm=100cm2
Area of e2 = 4 cm2
Area of b: = 9 cm2
Area ('l ,-=Z)Cirr-
Area oI ilaa =. 2(2 crrL x 3 cm) = 12 cm2
Area ,st Zbt = 2{3 cm x 5 cm) = f,Q 662
Area of Zirc = 2(5 cr, x 2 cm) = l[ grn2
Area of ir? + b2 + cz +2ab +2bc +Zca= 4+9 +25 + 12 + 30 + 20 100 cm2
=
Result fui + b + c)2 = t2 + b2 + c2 + 2.ab + 2bc + 2ca