MATH 7 QUARTER 1 Week 5

NAME: __________________________________________________ GR & SEC: _____________________

Competency:
The learner performs operations on rational numbers. (M7NS-If-1)

Expectations

This module is designed to help each learner in solving operations on rational numbers.
After learning from this module, you are expected to:
1. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division involving rational numbers;
2. Use the appropriate method (PEMDAS) to simplify multi-operational equations involving
rational numbers; and
3. Apply operations involving rational numbers in real-life problems.

Pre-Test

To know whether you have an idea or not of the lessons in this module, it is highly
recommended that you take this pre-test. This would allow your brain to prepare for what
is coming. Read each question and choose only the letter of your answer. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
3 5
1. What is the sum of and ?
4 6
−3 −5 −19 9 19
A. B. C. D. E.
10 24 12 25 12
−15
2. What is -7 – ( )?
19
−21 −57 7 −118 118
A. B. C. D. E.
10 16 9 19 19
3. The reciprocal of a negative rational number _____
A. is a positive rational number
B. is a negative rational number
C. can be either a positive or a negative rational number
D. does not exist
E. Is a positive irrational number

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 1

 −16 −4
4. The value of ( ÷ ) is _____
21 3
−3 −7 4 −7 7
A. B. C. D. E.
10 21 7 6 21
−20
5. The product of two numbers is . If one of the numbers is 4, find the other.
9
−5 3 12 −9 5
A. B. C. D. E.
9 11 39 11 9

Looking Back at your Lesson

In the past lessons, you have explored rational numbers. You have learned that a
𝑎
rational number is a part of the number system which can be expressed as , where a and
𝑏
b are integers and b ≠ 0 . Fractions, all positive and negative integers, and all whole
𝑎
numbers are rational numbers since they can be expressed as with the denominator of
𝑏
1. You also have learned that rational numbers can be written as decimals and vice versa.
In your elementary school Mathematics, you learned how to do addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division of fractions. The same method or strategy will be used for this
week’s lessons.

Recall:
Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions represent the same part of a whole.
𝑎 𝑐
Thus, 𝑏 = 𝑑 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐.
Examples:
1 5
=
2 10

9 3
=
12 4

4
1= 4

2 1
=
8 4

Simplifying Fractions
To simplify a fraction is to find the equivalent fraction having the simplest
form.
You can simplify a fraction by division of the numerator (n) and denominator
(d) by the Greatest Common Factor (GCF).
𝑛 𝑛 ÷ 𝐺𝐶𝐹
𝑑
= 𝑑 ÷ 𝐺𝐶𝐹 =fraction in simplest form

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 2

 When you find all the factors of two numbers, and some factors are the same,
the largest of those common factors is the greatest common factor (GCF). This
GCF is the largest factor that divides the two numbers with zero remainder.

Examples of Finding GCF

Find the Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
GCF. Listing Factors Prime Factorization Continuous Division

Factors of 8: 1, 2, 4, 8
Factors of 12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
8 and 12
The GCF is 4.

The GCF of 8 and 12 is 4.

Factors of 6: 1, 2, 3, 6
Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,
6 and 24 12, 24
The GCF is 6.

The GCF of 6 and 24 is 6.

Examples of Simplifying Fractions

2 2÷2 1
2 = =
1. The GCF is 2. 4 4÷2 2
4 1
The simplest form is 2.

6 6÷6 1
6 = =
2. The GCF is 6. 18 18 ÷ 6 3
18 1
The simplest form is 3.

15 15 ÷ 5 3
15 = =
3. The GCF is 5. 10 10 ÷ 5 2
10 3
The simplest form is 2.

7 7÷7 1
7 = =
4. The GCF is 7. 21 21 ÷ 7 3
21 1
The simplest form is 3.

4 4÷4 1
4 = =
5. The GCF is 4. 8 8÷4 2
8 1
The simplest form is 2.

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 3

 The Least Common Multiple (LCM)
Finding the least common multiple or LCM of two integers is important in
working with operations on fractions.
The LCM of two integers a and b is the smallest positive integer that is
divisible by both a and b.
Examples of Finding LCM
Find the Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
LCM. Listing Factors Prime Factorization Continuous Division

Multiples of 8: 8, 16, 24,

…
Multiples of 12: 12, 24,
8 and 12
48, …
The LCM is 24.

The LCM of 8 and 12 is 24.

Multiples of 9: 9, 18,
27,…
Multiples of 27: 27, 54,
9 and 27
…
The LCM is 27.

The LCM of 9 and 27 is 27.

Examples of Rewriting Fractions as Equivalent Fractions

using the Least Common Multiple (LCM)
For each fraction, determine the number to multiply to
both numerator and denominator such that the
Find the LCM denominator of the resulting equivalent fraction is the
Given of the
LCM obtained earlier.
denominators.
Note that the resulting fractions are similar fractions.
These are fractions with the same denominator.
2 2 × 5 10
= =
2 2
The LCM of 3 3 3 × 5 15 2 2 10 6
1. +
3 5 and 5 is 15. 2 2×3 6
+ = +
= =
3 5 15 15
5 5 × 3 15
4 4×2 8
= =
4 5 The LCM of 5 5 5 × 2 10 4 5 8 5
2. 5 + 10 + = +
and 10 is 10. 5 5 10 10 10
10
1 5 The LCM of 4 1 1×3 3 1 5 3 10
3. +6 = = + = +
4 and 6 is 12. 4 4 × 3 12
4 6 12 12

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 4

 5 5 × 2 10
= =
6 6 × 2 12
17 17 × 3 51
The LCM of = =
4.
17 17
+ 24 16 16 × 3 48 17 17 51 34
16 16 and 24 is + = +
48. 17 17 × 2 34 16 24 48 48
= =
24 24 × 2 48

Introduction of the Topic

ADDITION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

Previously, you had a thorough review on how to simplify fractions. This skill is
needed to succeed in this lesson as the steps are basically the same.

Illustrative Examples:

1. When adding fractions with the same denominator or

similar fractions, just add the numerators and copy or
use the same denominator. Simplify the result.

2 2 10 6
2. + = + When adding fractions having different denominators or
3 5 15 15
dissimilar fractions, rewrite the fractions as equivalent
fractions with the LCM as the denominator. The resulting
fractions are similar fractions. Perform the operation.
16
= Simplify the result.
15

1 5 3 10
3. + 6 = 12 + 12 Make the fractions similar, then perform the operation.
4
13
=
12

1 17
4. 6 + (-1 ) When adding these mixed numbers with different signs,
16 24
1 1
rewrite 6 as 5 + 1 since the fraction
16 16
1 17 17
= (5 + 1 )− 1 24 on the right side ( 1 ) has a large numerator.
16 24

1 17
= (5 +(−1)) + ( 1 − ) Add the whole numbers and fractions separately.
16 24

17 17 1 17
=4 + ( − ) Rewrite 1 as or its improper fraction equivalent.
16 24 16 16

51 34
=4 + ( − ) Make the fractions similar, then perform the operation.
48 48

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 5

 17
=4 Check if the answer is already simplified.
48

2 3 2
5. − (−3 20)+ (− 5)
3
For the example above, you need to deal with adding the three given rational numbers
while minding the signs. You need to rewrite the operations because “– (–)” means “+” and
“+ (–)” actually means “–“. Therefore,

2 3 2 2 3 2
− (−3 20)+ (− 5) = 3 + 3 20 − 5.
3

2 3 2
= 3 + (3 + 20 − 5) Solve separately.

40 9 24
= 3 + (60 + 60 − 60) Make the fractions similar.

40+9−24
=3+( ) Perform the given operations.
60
25
= 3 60
5
=3 Simplify.
12
3 1
6. A kid made his own snack and used cup of sugar in baking crinkles and cup of 1
4 4
sugar in making his drinks. How much sugar did this kid use in all for making a snack?

Solution:
3 1 (3+1) 4
14 + =1 = 14 = 1+1 = 2
4 4

Therefore, the kid used 2 cups of sugar.

Activity 1

Directions: Add the following rational numbers. Express your answers in simplest forms.
3 2 4 2 18 1 5 9
1.
7
+ 7
2.
10
+ 5
3.
5
+ 5
4. +
7 4
1 1
5. Rommel played Clash of Clans for hours in the morning and hours in the afternoon.
2 1
2 4
How many hours did Rommel play Clash of Clans for the whole day?

SUBTRACTION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

Illustrative Examples:
3 1 2
1. − = Subtraction of similar fractions has the same rules as
4 4 4
addition. Just subtract the numerators and copy the
denominator.
1
= Simplify.
2

1 3 15 6
2. − 15 = − 30 Make the fractions similar, then perform the operation.
2 30
9
= 30

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 6

 3
= 10 Simplify.

8 5 80 5
3. − 100 = − 100 Make the fractions similar, then perform the operation.
10 100
75
= 100
3
=4 Simplify the result.

1 17
4. 6 16 − 1 24
1 17 1 1
= (5 + 1 )− 1 24 Rewrite 6 as 5 + 1 since the mixed fraction on the
16 16 16
17
the right side ( 1 ) has a large numerator.
24
1 17
= (5 – 1) + ( 1 − ) Subtract (or add) the whole numbers and
16 24
fractions separately.
17 17 1 17
=4 + ( − ) Rewrite 1 as or its improper fraction equivalent.
16 24 16 16

51 34
=4 + ( − ) Make the fractions similar and perform subtraction.
48 48

17
=4 Check if the answer is already simplified.
48
1 1
5. −2 − (−1 )
3 2
Notice that the rational numbers are both signed, or each has a negative sign. As
opposed to your elementary mathematics, rational numbers in junior high school and
onwards take on either a positive or negative sign. You need to apply your knowledge
1 1 1 1
in subtraction of integers. Therefore, you can write −2 − (−1 ) as −2 + 1 .
3 2 3 2
1 1 1 1
−2 3 + 1 2 = (−2 + 1) + (3 + 2) Solve the whole numbers and the fractions separately.

2 3
= (−1) + (6 + 6) Make the fractions similar.
2+3
= (−1) + ( ) Perform the operations.
6

5
= −1 6
3
6. Students A and B are comparing their heights. If student A’s height is 120 cm and
4
1
student B’s height is 96 cm, what is the difference in their heights?
4
3 1 3 1
120 4 − 96 4 = (120 − 96) + (4 − 4) Solve the whole numbers and the fractions separately.
2
= 24 4
1
= 24 Simplify.
2

Activity 2
Directions: Subtract the following rational numbers. Express your answers in simplest forms.
13 8 9 12 9 7 7 2
1. − 20 2.25 − 25 3. − 15 4. 9 − (− 5)
20 20

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 7

 2 5
5. A group of mountaineers climbed Mount Pico de Loro for 5 hours and took them 4
5 8
hours to go back to the foot of the mountain. How much time is the difference between going up
and down the mountain?

Common Mistakes in Addition and Subtraction of Rational Numbers in Fraction Form

Not being able to change the signs (+ or -) when needed

Not being able to identify the correct LCM for the denominator: The
technique here is knowing your multiplication table by heart and
choosing the smallest multiple that can be exactly divided by the
original denominator.
Not being able to rewrite the correct equivalent fractions
Not being able to simplify the answer using the GCF of both the
numerator and denominator
MULTIPLICATION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
To multiply proper or improper fractions, multiply the numerators first and then the
denominators. Write the answer in its simplest form.

𝑎 𝑐 𝑎×𝑐 𝑎𝑐
× 𝑑 = 𝑏×𝑑 = 𝑏𝑑 where a, b, c and d are integers and b and d ≠ 0.
𝑏

Examples:
3 2 3×2 11 4 11×4 4 15 4×15
1. × = 2. ×3 = 3. × =
4 3 4×3 10 10×3 11 2 11×2
6
= =
44
=
60
12
30 22
1
= 30
2
22 =
= 11
15

To multiply mixed numbers, first convert them to improper fractions. Then proceed to
multiplication same as in the above examples.
To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the
fraction’s denominator. Add that to the numerator. Then write the result as the new
numerator using the same denominator.
Examples:
2 −5 8 −5 1 4 31 19 4 9 15 15
1. 2 3 × = × 2. 3 10 × 5 3 = × 3. 1 11 × 3 2 = ×
14 3 14 10 3 11 2
−40 589 225
= = =
42 30 22
−20
= 21

Activity 3
Directions: Multiply the following rational numbers. Express your answers in simplest forms.

3 4 5 5 3 2
1. 𝑥 2. 𝑥 (− ) 3. 𝑥
7 5 8 3 4 5

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 8

DIVISION OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Below is the general rule for dividing rational numbers.
𝑎 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑎×𝑑 𝑎𝑑
÷𝑑 =𝑏×𝑐 = = where a, b, c and d are integers and b, c and d ≠ 0.
𝑏 𝑏×𝑐 𝑏𝑐
When dividing fractions, switch to multiplication and get the reciprocal of the divisor (or
the number on the right side). Apply the rules for multiplication of fractions. Simplify the
result.
Examples
24 8 24 11 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 5 1 2 33
1. ÷ = × 2. ÷ =4× 3. - 4 ÷ 5 = - 4 × 2 4. 8 4 ÷ 5 5 = ÷
55 11 55 8 4 2 3 4
264 6 15 27
= = =-
440 12 8 5
3 1 33 5
= = = × 27
5 2 4
165
= 108
55
= 36

Activity 4
Directions: Divide the following rational numbers. Express your answers in simplest forms.

2 1 6 4 25 7
1. ÷ 2. ÷ 3. − ÷
5 6 5 3 7 5
13 13 19 13 2 3
4. ÷ 5. − ÷ 6. 4 ÷ 1
4 5 5 10 5 10

Remember
Addition or subtraction of similar fractions involve a simple step of adding or subtracting the numerator
part and copying the denominator.
Addition or subtraction of dissimilar fractions involve obtaining first the LCM of the denominators and
rewriting the fractions as equivalent fractions with the LCM as the common denominator.
Addition or subtraction of mixed numbers is done by adding or subtracting the whole numbers and the
fractions separately.
Multiplication of fractions can be done whether the fractions are similar or dissimilar. Multiply the
numerator to the other numerator and the denominator to the other denominator.
Division of fractions is achieved by switching to multiplication and rewriting the divisor as a reciprocal.
Then, multiply the fractions accordingly.
With multiplying or dividing mixed numbers, rewrite all mixed numbers as improper fractions first, then
perform the needed operation.
In all the cases, ANSWERS MUST ALWAYS BE SIMPLIFIED by dividing each numerator and
denominator by the GCF.
Check Your Understanding

Things to Ponder
1. Is the common denominator always the same as one of the denominators of the given
fractions?
4 3
Not always. Consider + Their least common denominator is 20, not 5 or 4.
5 4
2. Is the common denominator always the greater of the two denominators?

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 9

 Not always. The least common denominator is always greater than or equal to
one of the two denominators and it may not be the greater of the two
denominators.
3. Is the resulting sum or difference the same as when a pair of dissimilar fractions is
replaced by any pair of similar fractions?
Yes, for as long as the replacement fractions are equivalent to the original.

Check your Understanding

Perform the indicated operations. Write your answers in simplest forms.

36 33 1 4 1 4
1. + (− 10) 2. 32 + 45 3. 54 + 25
5

12 16 3 5 1 2 1
4. − 15 5. − 2 − (− 2) 6. 4 7 − 3 2
5 2

9 4 6 2
7. 𝑥 (− 5) 8. 3 7 𝑥 2 5
10

19 13 2 3
9. − ÷ 10. 4 ÷ 1
5 10 5 10

Post-Test
Directions: Read each question and choose only the letter of your answer. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
3 5
1. What is the sum of and ?
4 6
−3 −5 −19 9 19
A. B. C. D. E.
10 24 12 25 12
−15
2. What is -7 – ( )?
19
−21 −57 7 −118 118
A. B. C. D. E.
10 16 9 19 19
3. The reciprocal of a negative rational number _____
A. is a positive rational number
B. is a negative rational number
C. can be either a positive or a negative rational number
D. does not exist
F. Is a positive irrational number
−16 −4
4. The value of ( ÷ ) is _____
21 3
−3 −7 4 −7 7
A. B. C. D. E.
10 21 7 6 21
−20
5. The product of two numbers is . If one of the numbers is 4, find the other.
9
−5 3 12 −9 5
A. B. C. D. E.
9 11 39 11 9

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 10

 MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 1 Week 5
ANSWER SHEET
Name: Math Teacher:
Section: Score:

MATH 7 QUARTER 1 WEEK 5 11