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Review lecture

The document provides an overview of functions, including definitions of domain, range, and function composition. It also discusses the concept of inverse functions and presents examples of elementary functions such as polynomials, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Additionally, it includes problems related to identifying domains and ranges, function composition, and finding inverses.

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4 views

Review lecture

The document provides an overview of functions, including definitions of domain, range, and function composition. It also discusses the concept of inverse functions and presents examples of elementary functions such as polynomials, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions. Additionally, it includes problems related to identifying domains and ranges, function composition, and finding inverses.

Uploaded by

plays-ponds4f
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Review Lecture

1. Functions
A functionf is a relation that assigns to each element x in a setD exactly one element,
called f (x) , in a set E . The set D is called the domain of the function, and the set E is
called the codomain.
Domain: The set of all possible inputs x for the function.

Range: The set of all possible outputs f (x) .

Notation:f : D → E where f (x) = y.

Example:
f (x) = x 2 + 1

Domain: All real numbersR .


Range:[1, ∞ ) .
2. Composition of Functions
The composition of two functions f and gis denoted asf ∘g and is defined by:
(f ∘g)(x) = f (g(x))

For the composition f ∘g to be defined, the range of g(x) must be a subset of the domain
of f (x) .
Example:
Letf (x) = 2x + 3andg(x) = x 2. Then:
(f ∘g)(x) = f (g(x)) = f (x 2) = 2x 2 + 3

(g ∘f )(x) = g(f (x)) = g(2x + 3) = (2x + 3) 2

3. Inverse of a Function
The inverse of a functionf , denoted byf − 1, reverses the mapping off . Forf − 1to exist,f must
be one-to-one (bijective).
A functionf is one-to-one if:
f (a) = f (b) ⟹ a = b

The inverse functionf − 1satisfies:


f (f − 1(x)) = x and f − 1(f (x)) = x

Example :
Let f (x) = 2x + 3.
To find f − 1(x) :
y− 3
y = 2x + 3 ⇒ x=
2

Thus,f − 1(x) = x− 3
2
.
4. Elementary Functions
Elementary functions include:
Polynomials :f (x) = a n x n + a n− 1x n− 1 + ⋯ + a 1x + a 0
Rational functions:f (x) = Q(x) whereP (x) andQ(x) are polynomials.
P (x)

Exponential functions:f (x) = a x wherea > 0anda ≠ 1.

Logarithmic functions:f (x) = loga x wherea > 0anda ≠ 1.

Trigonometric functions:sin(x), cos(x), t an(x), etc.

5. Problems
1. Identify the Domain and Range:
Find the domain and range of the function f (x) = √x− 2 .

2. Function Composition:
Let f (x) = 3x − 4 and g(x) = x2 + 1 . Find (f ∘g)(x) and (g ∘f )(x) .

3. Inverse Function:
Determine if the function f (x) = x3 + 2 has an inverse. If it does, find it.

4. Polynomial Function:
Given f (x) = x 4 − 2x 2 + 1, determine whether f (x) is one-to-one.

5. Composition with Exponential Functions:


If f (x) = 2x andg(x) = ln(x) , find (f ∘g)(x) and interpret its meaning.
6. Composition of Trigonometric Functions:
Let f (x) = sin(x) and g(x) = cos(x) . Find (f ∘g)(x) and (g ∘f )(x) .

7. Inverse of a Logarithmic Function:


Find the inverse of the function f (x) = log2(x + 1) .

8. Domain of a Rational Function:


Determine the domain of the function f (x) = 1
x 2− 9
.

9. Range of an Exponential Function:


Find the range of f (x) = 3ex + 2.

10. Inverse Trigonometric Functions:


Find the inverse of f (x) = sin(x) for x ∈[− π2 , π2 ].

11. Graphs of Elementary Functions:


Discuss graphs of monomials, √ x , ex , log x , sin x , etc.

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