Laboratory work 1

Laboratory work 1
Computer Networks, Communication Technologies and
Topologies
Computer Networks, Communication Technologies and
Topologies
Objectives
Objectives
The aim of the laboratory work is to get acquainted with com-
puterThe
network topologies,
aim of cables,
the laboratory connectors
work is to getand wirelesswith
acquainted technolo-
com-
gies.
puter Analyse
network their main characteristics,
topologies, advantages
cables, connectors and disadvan-
and wireless technolo-
gies. Analyse their main characteristics, advantages and disadvan-
tages.
tages.
Basic knowledge and theory
Basic knowledge and theory
Computer network – interconnected computers using the appro-
priateComputer
hardwarenetwork – interconnected
and software computers using
capable of exchanging the appro-
the information
priate hardware and
contained therein. software capable of exchanging the information
contained therein.

Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1. Computer
Computer network
network

According to
According to the
the size,
size,computer
computernetworks
networkscan
canbebedivided
dividedinto:
into:
x Local Area Network –
• Local Area Network – LAN;LAN;
x Metropolitian Area Network – MAN, or regional;
• Metropolitian Area Network – MAN, or regional;
x Wide Area Network – WAN.
• Wide Area Network – WAN.


5
 Local Area Network – closed network, serving users of one or-
ganisation in a small area (up to several kilometers) connected via
telephone, cable, optical or wireless communication lines.
Metropolitian Area Network – connecting computer users in a
large area (region, city) via various communication lines.
Wide Area Network – a set of smaller networks connected via
communication lines positioned in a large geographic location.
Networks are one-level (peer-to-peer) or with a distinguished
management server (client-server).
One-level network has no central computer. Some of the hard-
ware equipment (hard disks, CD-ROMs, printers), connected to in-
dividual computers can be used together. Each network user can
specify access rights to resources of his/her computer to other us-
ers.
In a network with a managing server stands out a central
network computer – the server connected to user computers – cli-
ents. Such network is also called a client-server network. Users
can use server resources. Network is managed and peripheral de-
vices are monitored by network software – networking operating
system.
Computer networking method is called topology. The term to-
pology in the context of networks defines a way in which the hosts
are interconnected in a network. Topology is described as the lay-
out of lines and switching elements and defines the data transmis-
sion paths, which can be used between any pair of hosts.
There are physical and logical topologies. The physical topol-
ogy describes the ways of physical connections between network
hosts, while a logical topology describes the data flow between
network hosts. For example, a logical ring topology is realized in
a physical star topology. In many cases, the physical and logical
topologies coincide. We are going to discuss the physical computer
network topologies.


 Local Area Network topologies
Bus topology is shown in Figure 1.2. Until the year 2000 it was
a widely applied local network topology type.
BusBus topology
topology advantages:
advantages:
•Buslow-cost
x low-cost topology
cable cable system;
advantages:
system;
• hosts
x low-cost
x hosts can
cancable communi-
system;
communicate
x cate
hosts without
can
without additional switching additional
communicate de-
switching devices.
without additional switching de-
vices.
BusBus
vices. topology
topology disadvantag-
disadvantages:
es:x inBus topology
case of cable disadvantages:
failure, the Fig.
Fig. 1.2. Bus topology
1.2. Bus topology
•x inin case
case of
of cable
cable
whole network is out of service; failure, the
failure, Fig. 1.2. Bus topology
whole the
x lownetwork whole
performance is network
out –ofonly is out
one of
service; service;
host at a time can send informa-
tion; •x low
low performance
performance –– only
only one
one host
host at
at aatime
timecancansend
sendinforma-
informa-
tion; tion;
x when connecting a new host to a network, it is necessary to
whenof
•x when
stop operation connecting
connecting
the network. aa new
new hosthost toto aa network,
network,ititisisnecessary
necessarytoto
stop stop
In operation operation
a networkofwith of
the network. the network.
a Star topology switch equipment (hub or
switch) is in the centre ofaathe
In
In a
a network
network with
with Star
Star topology
topology
network switch1.3).equipment
switch
(Fig. equipment (hub
The purpose oforor
(hub
switch) is
switch) devices
switching in the centre
is in theiscentre of
to transmit the network
of theinformation (Fig.
network (Fig. 1.3). The purpose
1.3).(switch)
to one or allofof
The purpose
switching
networkdevices
switching
(hub) hosts. is
devices is toto transmit
transmit information
informationtotoone one(switch)
(switch)ororallall
(hub)
(hub) network
Star network hosts.
topologyhosts. advantages:
Star topology advantages:
x in case of cableadvantages:
Star topology failure only one
•
host is xout in
in casecase of cable
of cable
of service failure
andfailure
it does only
only one
notone
hostthe
affect host
is others;
out of is out of service
service and itand doesit does
not
affect
x host not affect
theconnection
others; the others;
to a network is
•x host
host connection
connection
simple, because the connection to toa network
aisnetwork
per- is
simple,
formed is simple,
because
only with the because
the connection the
switching isde-connec-
per-
formed
vice; tion
only is performed
with the only
switching with the Fig. 1.3. Star topology
de- Fig. 1.3. Star topology
vice;
x more switching
advanceddevice; switching devices can filter out the transmitted
moreadvanced
•x more
data packets. advancedswitching switching de- can filter out the transmitted
devices
data vices
Starpackets. can filter
topology disadvantages: out the transmitted data packets.
x theStarnetwork
Star topology
topology disadvantages:
disadvantages:
price is higher than the bus topology, because the
switching• the
x the network
network
device mustpriceprice
be isishigher
used; higherthanthanthe thebus
bustopology,
topology,because
becausethe
switching
x if the theswitching
switching
device must device
be used;
device must
is notbe used;
geographically in the centre of
x if the
the network, switching
a host device
connection canisbe
notexpensive
geographically in the centre of
and difficult;
the network, a host connection can be expensive and difficult;
x network performance and scalability depend on the switching
x network performance
device performance andport
and switching scalability
numbers;depend on the switching
device performance and switching port numbers;
 • if the switching device is not geographically in the centre
of the network, a host connection can be expensive and dif-
ficult;
x in
• case
network of the switching and
performance device failure the
scalability network
depend on the becomes
switch-
unavailable. ing device performance and switching port numbers;
Existing
• in case networksof the switching are device failure the network becomes
usually designed
unavailable. by the star
topology, the
Existing networks hierarchical
are usually designed by the star topology, the
connected hubs or switches,
hierarchical connected hubs or switches, located in network centres.
located inincasenetwork
Thex combination of the centres.
of severalThe
switching stardevice
topologyfailure the network
networks to one becomes
makes a
combination
unavailable. of
tree-like network topology. several star
topology networks
Existing
Network to oneinmakes
networks
topology whichare
ausually
tree-like network
designed topology.
by
the central switching unit (upper the star
Network
topology,
level of thetopology
the
hierarchy) in is which
hierarchical con- Fig. 1.4. Tree topology
the central
connected switching
hubs
nected to one or more second- orunit (upper
switches,
level
located
levelof switching
the hierarchy)
in network is and
centres.
devices connected
The
the to one or more second-level
switching
combination
latter with devices of and thedevices
several
a third-level latter
starwith a third-level devices etc. is
called
topologya Tree
etc. is called topology
networks (Fig.
to one
a Tree makes Advantages and disadvantages of
1.4).
topology
the tree 1.4).
a (Fig.
tree-liketopology
network aretopology.
Advantages adequate and dis-to the star topology’s advantages and
disadvantages.
Network oftopology
advantages the tree in which
topology
Fig. 1.4. Tree topology
the When
central all the hosts
switching
are adequate to the star topolo- on
unit the network are connected to the ring, the
(upper
network
level
gy’s of topology
the hierarchy)
advantages is called
and the Ring topology
is connected
disadvantages. to one or(Fig.more1.5). Data is
second-level
transmitted
switching sequentially
Whendevices all the andhosts from one
theonlatter host
withtoaanother,
the network usually
third-level
are connected tointhe
devices one di-is
etc.
ring,
rection.
called If the host
a Tree topology
the network detects
topology (Fig. its data,
is called it
1.4).the copies them
Advantages
Ring topology into its buffer.
and disadvantages
(Fig. 1.5). Data of
the Ring
tree topology
topology advantages:
are adequate
is transmitted sequentially from one to the star topology’s advantages and
x high
disadvantages.
host data transfer
to another, usually reliability – the
in one direc-
sender
tion. can
If thecontrol
When all
host the data
thedetects
hosts on acquisition
the
its data, network
it cop- are connected to the ring, the
because
network the
ies themtopology data must come
is called the Ring
into its buffer. back to topology (Fig. 1.5). Data is
him;
transmitted sequentially
Ring topology from one host to another, usually in one di-
advantages:
x not
rection. restrictions
• Ifhigh the data for
host transfer the
detects its size
data,ofitthe
reliability copies
– them into its buffer.
ring, there
Ringthe aresender
just the
topology distance
advantages:
can control the data restric-
tions between
x high thetransfer
data
acquisition hosts;becausereliability – the
the data
x greater
sender can reliability
control the
must come back to him; in
data comparison
acquisition
Fig. 1.5. Ring topology
with the star
because the and databus musttopology,
come in caseto
back
ofhim;
ring disruption in one place the connection  remains.
Ring topology disadvantages:
x not restrictions for the size of the
ring, there are just the distance restric-
 x data transfer time increases in proportion to the number of sta-
tions;• not restrictions for the size of the ring, there are just the dis-
x special
tance measures
restrictions arebetween
necessary the to ensure that the ring works in
hosts;
case of• the cablereliability
greater or host failure or whenwith
in comparison connecting a new
the star and bushost to the
topology,
ring. in case of ring disruption in one place the connection remains.
When all the host
Ring topology on the network are connected with each other
disadvantages:
in separate communication
• data transfer time increases lines, theinnetwork topology
proportion to theisnumber
called the
of
Mesh topology
stations; (Fig. 1.6). In practice, usually only partial mesh net-
work •topology
special is applied,are
measures where not alltobut
necessary a few
ensure thatparticularly rele-
the ring works
vant to the network
in case hosts
of the cableareorconnected
host failure byorseparate lines.
when connecting a new
Mesh topology
host to the ring.advantage:
ensures
xWhen all athereliable
host onand the fast data
network
transfer – upon failure
are connected with each other in sepa- of one
communication
rate communication line lines,
the data can be
the network
transmitted through others
topology is called the Mesh topology com-
munication
(Fig. 1.6). Inlines.
practice, usually only par-
Mesh topology
tial mesh network topologydisadvantages:
is applied,
x it is not cost-effective,
where not all but a few particularly because it
requires a large amount of
relevant to the network hosts are con-connections
on each by
nected host;
separate lines. Fig. 1.6. Mesh topology
applied
xMesh only toadvantage:
topology a small networks.
• ensures a reliable and fast data transfer – upon failure of one
Cables used at Local Area
communication line Networks
the data can be transmitted through oth-
Cables that are used for
ers communication lines. computer networks are standardized.
Standards describe and evaluate
Mesh topology disadvantages: a number of parameters, such as
signal• suppression, active resistance,
it is not cost-effective, becauseimpedances,
it requires the capacity
a large of the
amount of
electromagnetic field surrounding
connections on each host; the wire strength and so on.
The following
• applied cable
only to a standards are presently used:
small networks.
x American EIA/TIA-568A;
x International
Cables used at LocalISO/EIC11801;
Area Networks
European
xCables EN50173.
that are used for computer networks are standardized.
There are
Standards three main
describe groups ofacables:
and evaluate number of parameters, such as
a) Coaxial cable:
signal suppression, active resistance, impedances, the capacity of
x thin;
the electromagnetic field surrounding the wire strength and so on.
9

 The following cable standards are presently used:
• American EIA/TIA-568A;
• International ISO/EIC11801;
• European EN50173.
There are three main groups of cables:
a) Coaxial cable:
• thin;
• thick.
b) Twisted pair cable:
• Unshielded Twisted Pair – UTP;
• Shielded Twisted Pair – STP;
x • thick.
Foiled Twisted Pair – FTP.
b)c) twisted
Fiber pair
opticcable:
cable:
x • Unshielded
Single Mode Twisted
FiberPair – UTP;
– SMF;
x • Shielded Twisted Pair
Multi Mode Fiber – MMF. – STP;
x Foiled
Coaxial cable. Twisted Pair –the
The thicker FTP.
cable and the better the shield-
c) Fiber optic cable:
ing, the less attenuated the signal. Cables with reduced attenuation
are more Single for
x suitable Mode Fiber
large – SMF; speeds with low class equip-
transmission
x Multi Mode Fiber
ment, and under the same conditions – MMF. can transmit a signal over a
Coaxial
greater cable. The thicker the cable and the better the shielding,
distance.
the less attenuated
Base of the cable the signal. Cableswire
is a copper with
in reduced
the centerattenuation are
of the cable,
more
and suitable
a metal formesh large transmission
separated speeds with
by a dielectric low class
insulator – the equip-
shield
ment, and
(Fig. 1.7). under the same
conditions canpair
Twisted transmit
cables.a sig-
The
nalsimplest
over a greater distance.
twisted pair is two
Base wires
copper of thetwisted
cable is witha
copper wire in the
each other and separated center of
thewith
cable, and a metal
a dielectric. mesh
This allows
separated by a dielectric
reducing electromagnetic insu-
in- Fig. 1.7. Coaxial cable
Fig. 1.7. Coaxial cable
lator – the shield
teraction (Fig. twisted
of several 1.7). nearby pairs. Twisted pair can be used
forTwisted
both analogpair andcables. The
digital simplest
data twisted pair is two copper
transmission.
wires twisted
Unshielded withtwisted
each other
pair and separated
cable consistswith a dielectric.
of pairs This
of insulated
allows reducing electromagnetic interaction of several
conductors twisted together. One conductor of the pair is called a twisted nearby
pairs. Twisted pair can be used for both analog and digital data
transmission. 10
Unshielded twisted pair cable consists of pairs of insulated con-
ductors twisted together. One conductor of the pair is called a Ring
(in coloured marking – one-coloured), the other a Tip (two-
Ring (in coloured marking – one-coloured), the other a Tip (two-
coloured). All pairs are also numbered Ring1, Tip1, Ring2, Tip2,
etc. Pairs have their numbers in accordance with colour marking:
Blue/White – 1 pair, Orange/White – 2 pair, Green/White – 3 pair,
Brown/White – 4 pair.
In the environment with very strong electromagnetic fields it is
recommended to use a shielded twisted-pair cable.
This type of cable can have two types of shields: foil and metal
mesh. Foil is used more frequently due to smaller weight and price.
Shield of this cable must be grounded.
Shielded twisted pair (STP) cable each twisted pair is shield-
ed (Fig. 1.8), while in Foiled Twisted Pair (FTP) type of cable the
shield is the same to all twisted pairs (Fig. 1.9).
For laying the cable outside a twisted pair cable with special
double insulation is used. If the cable is installed between two build-
ings (runs above the ground), it is convenient to use a special cable
with steel messenger (Fig. 1.10).

Fig. 1.8. STP cable Fig. 1.9. FTP cable

Fig. 1.10. Twisted pair outdoor cable with steel messenger

11
 For final connection (e.g. between the wall socket and the
computer) more flexible patch cable with stranded wires is used
(Fig. 1.11).

Fig. 1.11. Flexible patch cable

Fiber optic cable is different from copper cables, because the

signal is transmitted using light pulses. Single mode fiber optic ca-
bles are composed of a core surrounded by a cladding. The cladding
is surrounded by a coating, dielectric strengthening material, and
finally an outer jacket (sheath) (Fig. 1.12). The cladding provides a
lower refractive index to cause reflection within the core so that light
waves can be transmitted through the fiber.

Dielectric
Outer jacket strengthening
material Fiber core

Coating
Cladding

Fig. 1.12. Single mode fiber optic cable

Fiber optic cables are used for high-speed networks. It is com-

mon that light pulsation is logic one and absence of light is logic
zero.

12
 Signal, which travels via a cable, is reflected from the cladding.
According to the refractive index and the core width, the cables are
divided into:

a) Single Mode Fiber;

b) Multi Mode Fiber cable with a rapidly changing refractive
index;
c) Multi Mode Fiber cable with smoothly changing refractive
index.

Several fiber optic cable connections are given below:

• ST (Straight Tip) – circular connection;

• SC (Subscriber Connector or Square Connector) – rectan-

gular connection;

• FC (Ferrule Connector or Fiber Channel) – circular connec-

tion.

13
Twisted pair cable categories
Twisted pair cables are divided into the following categories:
• Category 1 – a telephone cable, which transmits voice, not
suitable for data transmission. Maximum transmitted signal
frequency 1 MHz;
• Category 2 – a cable that can transmit data up to 4 Mbps rate
and is composed of four twisted pairs;
• Category 3 – a cable capable of transmitting a signal up to
10 Mbps. Used in networks, operating in accordance with an
Ethernet 10Base-T technology standard. Maximum transmit-
ted signal frequency – 16 MHz;
• Category 4 – a cable that can transmit data up to 16 Mbps
and consists of four twisted pairs. Used in Token Ring net-
works. Maximum transmitted signal frequency – 20 MHz;
• Category 5 – a cable that can transmit data up to 100 Mbps
and consists of four twisted pairs. Used in networks, oper-
ating in Ethernet 100Base-TX standard technology, as well
as other network technologies such as ATM, Token Ring,
100Base-T, 10Base-T. Maximum transmitted signal frequen-
cy – 100 MHz. Cables in this category are: UTP, FTP, STP
types;
• Category 5e (the letter “e” means ‘enhanced’) – this cable is
suitable for 1000Base-T. Can be shielded or unshielded.
The twisting degree of twisted pairs varies depending on the
category. The higher the category, the higher twisting degree.
Twisted pair cable categories are defined in EIA/TIA 568 A and
EIA/TIA 568 B standards.
Category 5e, UTP cable. Its cross-section is shown in
Figure 1.13.

14
 
2

Fig. 1.13. Category 5e, UTP cable and its cross-section: 1 – jacket,
2 – solid twisted pair

Category 5e, FTP cable. Its cross-section is shown in Figure 1.14.

Fig. 1.14. Category 5e, FTP cable and its cross-section: 1 – jacket,
2 – shield foil, 3 – solid twisted pair, 4 – drain wire, 5 – rip-cord

Category 5e, S/FTP cable. Its cross-section is shown in

Figure 1.15.

Fig. 1.15. Category 5e, S/FTP cable and its cross-section: 1 – jacket,
2 – shield-braid, 3 – drain wire, 4 – shield foil, 5 – stranded twisted pair

15
 • Category 6 – a cable that can transmit data up to 600 Mbps.
Used in networks, operating in Ethernet 1000Base-T standard
technology, as well as other network technologies such as
10BaseT Ethernet, 100BaseTX Fast Ethernet, 1000BaseTX,
155 MBit ATM, 622 MBit ATM, 1.2 GBit ATM. Category 6,
UTP cable and its cross-section is shown in Figure 1.16.

Fig. 1.16. Category 6, UTP cable and its cross-section: 1 – jacket, 2 – sol-
id twisted pair, 3 – spacer

• Category 7 – Transmitted signal frequency – 600 MHz.

Category 7 cable is different from other categories because
it has be fully shielded, so it is thicker and less flexible.
Used in networks, operating in Ethernet 1000Base-TX and
10GBase-T standard technologies. Category 7, SSTP cable
and its cross-section is shown in Figure 1.17.

Fig. 1.17. Category 7, SSTP cable and its cross-section: 1 – jacket,

2 – shield-braid 3 – solid twisted pair with shield foil

16
 Twisted-pair cables are connected to network devices using
various types of connectors. Modular connectors Modular Jacks
(sockets) and Modular Plugs are the most common in connections
of 1, 2, 3 and 4 pairs of category 3–6 cables. Plugs are better known
as RJ-11 (4 wires) or RJ-45 (8 wires). The correct name of this type
of network sockets is Jack Modular 8P8C, of plugs – Modular Plug
8P8C, here 8P indicates a link connector (8 positions) and 8C the
number of contacts used (in this case 8). For telephone cables it
is used in 6P4C (6 positions, 4-pin) configuration. Other markings,
e.g., P-6-4 – six-positions 4-pin plug, PS-8-8 – eight positions 8-pin
shielded plug are also known. 6-position plugs can be plugged into
sockets of 8 positions but not vice versa.
Structure of sockets of the fifth and higher categories and meth-
od of wiring connection differ from the sockets of category 3. Here
the socket is mounted on a printed board on which S110 or Krone
type contacts are attached. In addition, reactive elements are printed
on the board combining reactive impedances. These elements help to
reduce signal reflections from contacts in high-speed (100 Mbps or
more) networks. Various types of sockets are shown in Figure 1.18.

a) b)

c) d)

Fig. 1.18. Various types of sockets: a) phone line socket; b) category 6

socket; c) category 5e not shielded socket; d) category 5e shielded socket
17
 Figure 1.19 shows the RJ-45 connection for a twisted pair 8-
wire cable connected to a computer network, while the similar RJ-11
is used to connect phone lines to modem and telephone sets and has
only 4 wires.

a) b)

Fig. 1.19. Twisted pair cable’s plugs: a) RJ-45, b) RJ-11

Network switching patch panels are used for convenience. They

are mounted in the racks or cabinets. On the one side of the patch
panel there is an RJ-45 connection block, and on the other side there
is an S110 or Krone type contacts to which network cables from dif-
ferent locations are connected (Fig. 1.20).

Fig. 1.20. Patch panel

18
 Twisted-pair cable wires are of different colours and connected
according to a diagram provided in the TIA/EIA-568A or TIA/EIA-
568B standards (Table 1.1).

Table 1.1. Cable wiring schemes

RJ-45 pin
EIA/TIA-568A EIA/TIA-568B
number
1 White/Green White/Orange
2 Green Orange
3 White/Orange White/Green
4 Blue Blue
5 White/Blue White/Blue
6 Orange Green
7 White/Brown White/Brown
8 Brown Brown

Connection also depends on the purpose of network devices

connected with a cable. Direct cable connection is used for connect-
ing a computer to the hub or switch when connection diagrams of
RJ-45 plugs at both ends of the cable are the same, i.e. only TIA/
EIA 568B or TIA/EIA 568A cable wiring scheme is used.
For connection of two computers or switches a crossover ca-
ble is used when at one end a plug is placed in accordance with
TIA/EIA 568B diagram, and at the other end in accordance with
TIA/EIA 568A. It should be noted that modern network equip-
ment has the ability to automatically recognize what connection
cable is connected and can work with both direct connection and
crossover cables.
Examples of the cable connection are listed below.

Work assignment and methodical guidelines

1. Review the material on networks and their topologies provided
at the beginning of the laboratory work and answer the follow-
ing questions:

19
 1.1. Explain what a computer network is?
1.2. How are networks divided according to their size? Define
them.
1.3. Explain what a network topology is?
1.4. Which topologies are used in forming local area networks?
1.5. Explain what a physical and logic topology is?
1.6. Which topologies are critical to the breakdown of cable or
switch and which topologies are not critical?
1.7. What is the main difference between the bus and star net-
work topologies?
1.8. Name advantages and disadvantages of each topology.
1.9. What is the difference between one rank topology and to-
pology based on the managing station?
2. Type
Openin 192.168.0.200
reliable address
sources like text into
booksweb
andbrowser. After the page
online references,
has displayed,
and search select Computer
for Ethernet Networks
10Base, 100Base, → Laboratory
1000Base networks.
work
Review 1 methodical materials
the material on Ethernet→standards
Ethernetand
10Base,
fill the100Base,
following tables.
1000Base networks. Review the material on Ethernet stand-
ards and fill the following tables.

Standard 10Base-5. Main characteristics:

Speed:
Topology:
Cable type:
Maximum segment length:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Standard 10Base-2. Main characteristics:

Speed:
Topology:
Cable type:
Maximum segment length:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

20
Standard 10Base-T. Main characteristics:
Speed:
Topology:
Cable type:
Maximum segment length:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Standard 10Base-F. Main characteristics:

Speed:
Topology:
Cable type:
Maximum segment length:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:

Main characteristics:
Maximum seg-
Speed Topology Cable type
ment length
100Base-T4
100Base-TX
100Base-FX
1000Base-T
1000Base-SX

3. Review the material on cable and their categories used in Local

Area Networks and do the exercises given below:
3.1. Name the main cable standards.
3.2. Name the types of cables used in computer networks.
3.3. Name the categories of twisted pair cables.
3.4. Review the types of cables provided at this address:
(http://www.hyperline.com/catalog/cable/). Identify what
types of cables are shown in tables provided below and de-
scribe them.

21
Cable type: ? Designations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cable type: ?
1.

2.

3.

4.

Cable type: ? Designations:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Cable type: ? Designations:

1.

2.

22
Cable type: ? Designations:
1.

2.

3.

4.

Cable type: ? Designations:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cable type: ? Designations:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cable type: ? Designations:

1.

2.

3.

23
 1. 1.

2. 2.

3. 3.
Designations:
Cable type: ? Designations:
1. 1. Designations:
Designations:
Cable type: ?
2.
1. 2. 1.
3.
2.
4. 3. 2.
5.
3. 4. 3.
4. 4.
Designations:
3.5. Connect two computers using twisted pair cable. (Write wire
1. colours in the table)
sted pair cable. (Write
3.5. Connect two computers using twisted pair cable. (Write
Com-colours RJ-45
wire in the table) Com-
2. RJ-45
puter
Com-
Com-1 puter
Com-2
RJ-45 RJ-45 RJ-45
3. puter21 1
puter 1 puter 2
21 12
32 23
Designations: 43 3
4
4 4
1. 55 55
2. 66 66
77 77
3. 8 8
8 8
4.
23
3.6. Connect a computer and a switch using twisted pair cable.
(Write wire colours in the table)
sted pair cable. (Write
Com-
RJ-45 RJ-45 Switch
puter
Com-
RJ-45 1 1
puter 2
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8

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Content of report
1. Work objective.
2. The results of Tasks 1–4.
3. General conclusions of the work.

Review questions and problems

1. How computer networks are divided according to the size?
2. Explain what a network topology is.
3. Name and explain all network topologies. What are advantages
and disadvantages of each network topologies?
4. What type of cables is used in local area networks?
5. What are the main twisted pair cable categories?

Literature
Barnett, D., Groth, D., McBee, J. 2004. Cabling: The Complete Guide
to Network Wiring. 3rd Edition. Sybex. 720 p. ISBN-13: 978-
0782143317.
Components of structured cabling systems. http://www.hyperline.com/
catalog/cable/.

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