Reading and Writing

Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Patterns of Written Text
Reading and Writing Skills – Senior High School
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Patterns of Written Text
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Allan G. Farnazo
Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Aissa P. Duping

Editors: Melchora O. Dumbase and Dareen Loiuse Guisehan
Reviewers: Divilyn M. Rodriguez, Crispina S. Ebdao, Christopher U. Gonzales
Ana Lorma A. Dahiroc
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Team:
Allan G. Farnazo Reynante A. Solitario
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Analiza C. Almazan Djhoane C. Aguilar
Manuel P. Vallejo Ma. Perpetua Angelita G. Suelto

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 Reading and Writing
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Patterns of Written Text

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you
are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

 As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning.
Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the
module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will
experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the
relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
In this module, you will learn the different patterns of written texts across
disciplines. Written texts refer to any piece of written language such as stories,
instructions, comic strips, factual writings, and even texts messages! Knowing
how written texts are developed through rhetorical patterns will help you
construct meaning by understanding that a text might present a main idea and
details, a cause and then its effects, or different views of a topic. Lastly, learning
to recognize common text structures can help you improve your writing and
comprehension.

Going through this module, you are expected to compare and contrast
different patterns of written texts (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3) including:
a. narration (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.1)
b. description (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.2)
c. definition (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.3)
d. exemplification / classification (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.4)
e. comparison and contrast (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.5)
f. cause and effect (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.6)
g. problem - solution (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.7)
h. persuasion (EN11/12RWS-IIIbf-3.8)

Let Us Try
Activity 1. Look Back!

Written texts follow certain writing patterns or even combinations of the

different writing patterns. Let us review what you know about them. Try to match
the different texts you commonly encounter in the first column to their
appropriate descriptions in the second column. Write your answers in a sheet of
paper. Please make use of the same notebook as answer sheets all throughout
this module.
printed advertisement a. tells a story
________1.
of a product
________2. taxonomy b. describes
c. categorizes items that are similar
________3. dictionary
and different
________4. movie review d. provides meaning

________5. life hacks e. result caused by another factor

f. convinces one to accept or
________6. global warming believe in an idea or to do an
action
________7. fairytales g. provides solutions

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 Good job! Now you have an idea that written texts are
developed for specific purposes! They narrate, define, describe,
provide solutions, explain, or classify. Now move along to the
nextactivity!

Read along!
Yes, you can!

Let Us Study 1

Learners like you need to notice traits of an object in order to develop the
language you need to explain your thinking. Noticing details and being observant
of patterns are especially helpful. The distinct patterns on the animals, for
example, allows people to recognize them; thus, remembering information about
them spontaneously.

Patterns give a sense of order. Understanding and being able to identify

recurring patterns allows you to make educated guesses, assumptions, and
hypothesis as well as aid in developing important skills of critical thinking and
logic.

In learning the English language, for example, you know that verbs follow
a certain pattern like adding -d or -ed when referring to actions already
completed in the past e.g. love – loved, dance – danced, talk – talked. Or plural
nouns are formed by adding -s such as boy – boys, star – stars, book – books;
Also, when forming sentences, you follow sentence patterns like Subject–Verb
(Students learn), Subject– Verb–Object (Everyone notices the sign), Subject-
Linking Verb–Complement (The children heard noises). Knowing and practicing
these patterns allow you to express ideas correctly and automatically.

Similarly, patterns are also important in writing. They serve as your guide
on how to outline ideas and present them in an organized and purposeful
manner. Patterns of developing a paragraph help you sort out information, shape
your writing and enhance understanding of written texts in various disciplines.

Here are the commonly used patterns of written texts:

1. Narration
Narration is a kind of writing that presents a story. It tells fictional and
nonfictional events. Non-fictional writing includes personal narratives,
biographies and autobiographies. Fictional writing examples are short stories,
myths, legends, and novels.
Narration includes elements of storytelling such as plot, character, setting,
point of view and theme. When telling a story, it is usually done in chronological
manner. Moreover, the details of narration relate to the main point in a narrative
paragraph.

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 Some signal words for narration are before, meanwhile, afterward, at
the same time, to begin with, subsequently, and previously.

What is your favorite story? Why do you like it?

2. Description
Description is common in writing. Its purpose is to create mental images
among the readers. It requires careful attention to details because it involves
showing and not telling. The main idea of a descriptive paragraph is to provide
an impression about a subject. All sentences work together to present a single,
clear picture of a person, place, thing, event or idea using sensory details.
Descriptive writing makes use of devices called figures of speech. The
following are commonly used figures of speech.
1. Simile is comparison of two unlike objects using the words such as
“like” or “as”.
Ex. Her eyes are as bright as the stars.
2. Metaphor indirectly compares things that are different but share
common qualities.
Ex. China is a sleeping giant.
3. Metonymy is using a part of an idea to refer to an object. Ex. John is the
head of the family.
4. Personification is giving life to inanimate objects. Ex. The cold breeze
kissed my skin.
5. Irony is using praise when in fact the opposite is meant. Ex. You are so
beautiful! You look like a Christmas tree!
6. Hyperbole is an exaggeration to add impact to an expression.
Ex. She cried a river of tears.
7. Oxymoron is contradictory terms or words.
Ex. What a bittersweet experience!
8. Anti-thesis is opposite statements constructed in parallel structure.
Ex. Two things in life I have enough: good advice and bad example.

Signal words commonly used in descriptive writing include describe,

feature, part, characteristics, for instance, such as, and to illustrate.

3. Definition
Definition paragraph is a definition sentence developed into a paragraph
where it becomes an extended explanation of the topic. There are several ways
to define a word or term.
1. Formal or Denotative Definition is a type of definition that states
the category or genus in which the object belongs to then discusses
the specific features that differs it from other members of its class.
Example: Psychology is the science that deals with the study of
behavior of man and animals.
2. Informal or Connotative Definition is a type of definition that shows
the broad and other associations made with the word.
Example: Love is an island of emotions surrounded by an ocean of
expenses.
3. Etymological Definition is a type of definition that provides the
origin of the word.

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 Example: Philosophy comes from two Greek words “philos” which
means love and “sophia” which means wisdom.
4. Theoretical Definition is a type of definition that presents an
explanation or illustration of the meaning of the word.
Example: Wisdom is the ability to apply knowledge to a situation. When
a person is faced with problems, one has wisdom if he can make wise
decision based on his knowledge and experiences.

4. Exemplification
Exemplification is a pattern of development in writing that provides vivid
and specific examples to add more information that will support and solidify the
main statement. Also, it makes the general statement specific and easy to
understand.
Exemplification is usually introduced by the expressions: for example,
for instance, such as, and take the case of. Verbs which are used in this
connection include: illustrate, clarify, and elucidate.
Example:
1. Waste material, such as old rags, cotton waste, paper, etc. should be
moved from the serving area.
“old rags”, “cotton waste”, and “paper” are examples of waste materials.
2. Many proverbs exhibit special proverbial structures which no normal
grammar would describe as complete grammatical sentences. We find
for instance: Like father, like son, Better late than never.
“Like father, like son” and “Better late than never” are examples of
proverbs which have a ‘special proverbial structure’.

5. Classification
In writing classification, you divide members of a group of people, places,
or things that share similar characteristics. The brain works in an order. It is
natural that when presented with various concepts, an individual organizes them
in proper groupings. In short, classification is dividing things and putting them in
groups according to their category.
Some useful expressions for classification paragraphs are the following: a
kind of, a type of, be divided into, falls under, belongs to, a part of, fits
into, grouped with, related to, and associated with.

Example:

A farmer who decides to concentrate on viable products can

choose from four general types of plants: edible, ornamental, raw-
material, or shade. Edible plants include grains like rice and corn, fruits
like santol and mango, vegetables such as pechay or cabbage, or spices
like pepper. On the other hand, ornamentals are all kinds of flowering and
non-flowering plants used for decoration and landscaping. There are also
plants that provide raw materials for other products. Examples of these
types are rubber, palm, abaca, maguey, and ramie. The coconut may also
belong to this type although the fruit is edible. The last are shade trees,
grown primarily to reforest barren areas of mountains. However, some of
them are used as ornamentals. Ipil-ipil and narra are the most common
shade trees. All these types of plants can be grown profitably, depending
upon the soil and climate found in the area.

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https://www.slideshare.net/GelBagsik/paragraph-development-by-classification
How is the topic classified?

6. Comparison and Contrast

In making a comparison, similarities are emphasized. In making a contrast,
differences are pointed out. This technique in developing a paragraph either
compares features between two or more persons, objects or concepts that are
similar, or contrasts features that are different. A paragraph can be developed by
using comparison and contrast or by using either one.

There are two ways to organize comparison and contrast:

Block arrangement
• Discusses one subject before discussing another subject. This is used
when you want to elaborate more on the similarities of the two
subjects. Use a lot of compare cue words such as like, similar to,
also, etc.

Point-by-point arrangement
• Discusses only the similarities first then more on the differences after.
This arrangement emphasized more on the differences using cue words
like differs, unlike, and on the other hand.

Example Paragraph 1:
Faith can be compared to swimming; If you struggle, you will sink; If
you rest, you will float. When you pray, don’t beg or struggle, simply rest
and believe in Him. That is how faith works.
Notice how faith is compared to swimming. Does it make the word
‘faith’ more understandable?

Example Paragraph 2:
Cows vs. Whales
You may automatically assume that cows and whales do not share
anything in common, however they do. One of the ways that they are
similar is that both cows and whales are considered a food source. It
seems that cows and whales are in the same situation in terms of they are
both eaten by humans, but there are also some major differences. First,
many cows are slaughtered everyday. On the other hand, whales are now
protected by a national law. Secondly, cows are considered to be a normal
source of food in many places all over the world. However, whales are
important edible animals only in a few countries. Finally, the biggest
difference between cows and whales is that whales are free in the huge
ocean until caught by people, and cows are raised in fields to be
slaughtered for food (Castigador, 2012).
In what ways are cows and whales similar? How do they differ?

7. Cause and Effect

This pattern of development establishes a relationship between events.
This type of text also uses chronological pattern; giving importance to time and
order. Cause refers to why an action or condition took place while effect refers to
the result of the cause. Usually, the cause comes first, bringing about an effect or

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multiple effects. But in some instances, it can be inverted. The effects are
discussed first before the cause/s. For example, John is late because he stayed
up late to finish his homework. This sentence uses connective word because
which serves as a link between the effect and the cause in an inverted cause-
and-effect pattern.

Example Paragraph:
Like other modern inventions, computers have a capacity for use
and abuse, a potential for good and bad. Computers allow people to fly
safely and quickly across continents, but they also make it possible to
send missiles from one country to another. Computers can speed credit
cards to us and help us use them with ease, but they can also be used to
compile records that invade a citizen’s privacy. Computers serve as
electronic tutors; pocket-size electronic calculators can solve complicated
problems with amazing speed. However, the students who start early to
rely on calculators may see their own math abilities remain
underdeveloped. The same computers that help administrators and
accounts can ruin a student’s class schedule or bill the wrong person for a
thousand dollars’ worth of merchandise.
What are the effects of using of computers?
8. Problem-Solution
This pattern of writing presents the problems and solutions to the
problems. There are two ways to structure this kind of writing. First, is the block
structure where all the problems are listed. Then the solutions are given. Another
is the chain structure where the problem/s is given followed by the solution/s.

Example Paragraph:
The problem of drug abuse is rising in many countries. Billions of
dollars are spent internationally preventing drug use, treating addicts, and
fighting drugrelated crime. Although drugs threaten many societies, their
effects can be combated successfully. Drug abuse causes multiple problems
for countries and communities. The medical and psychological effects are
very obvious. Addicts cannot function as normal members of society. They
neglect or abuse their families, and eventually require expensive treatment or
hospitalization. The second effect is on crime. Huge police resources are
needed to fight smuggling and dealing. However, the menace of drugs can be
fought. Education is the first battle. Children need to be told at home and in
school about drugs. People need to be made aware of the effects so that they
can maybe avoid the problem. A second approach is to increase police
manpower and powers to stop dealers and to enforce the law. However, the
main target should be the user. Families and counselors need to talk to
people at risk. Jobs are also needed to give ex-addicts a new, positive role in
society. In conclusion, although the problem of drugs may seem impossible to
eliminate, there are concrete steps that can be taken to weaken the hold of
drugs on society.
https://slideplayer.com/slide/4891989/

What are the problems brought by drug abuse? How are these
problems solved?

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9. Persuasion
Persuasive writing is also argumentative writing. In presenting an
argument, the goal is to persuade readers to agree with you. The argument has
to be supported by sound reasoning and solid evidences such as facts, statistics,
statements from experts, or even personal experiences. In persuasion, you make
use of logical, emotional and ethical appeals to convince.

Example Paragraph:

We shouldn’t have homework. It takes away from family time. You have
to do homework instead of playing a family board game or playing catch.
You can’t go outside to play so you will get fat. If you bring it home, you
will rush through it so you can play video games. We should do our work
at school because we have better equipment there. We should also do it
at school because we can’t ask our teacher questions when we do it at
home. It’s hard to concentrate when you could be outside playing on a
sunny day.
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/124693483408552351/

Do you agree with the argument of the writer? How did the writer
persuade the reader to agree with the argument?

Let Us Practice
mlng
Activity 2. Look Up!
Comprehension Check! How well do you understand the lesson? Read each
item and select the correct answer. Write only the letter of the correct answer on
a separate sheet of paper.
________1. It refers to any piece of written language such as stories,
instructions, comic strips, factual writings, and even texts
messages a. spoken text b. written text c. images
________2. Understanding and being able to identify recurring
___________allows you to make educated guesses, assumptions,
and hypothesis as well as aid in developing important skills of
critical thinking and logic. a. shapes b. lines c. patterns
________3. Public schools should require students to wear uniforms because
they save parents money, deemphasize fashion, and create
school spirit. What type of text development is the statement?
a. problem-solution b. description c. cause and effect
________4. Community service activities develop social and emotional skills
of students while academic classes develop intellectual skills.
What type of text development is the statement?
a. comparison b. contrast c. example
________5. Which signal word expresses chronological order?
a. last b. however c. such
________6. The kitchen table is rectangular. Made of a two-inch-thick piece of
oak, its top is covered with a cloth patterned in dark red and blue
squares against a white background. What type of text
development is the statement?

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 a. narration b. description c. definition
________7. It is the element of narration that tells the time and location of the
story.
a. plot b. climax c. setting
________8. Complete the sentence with the correct signal word/s:
Food labels provide important information. _____________, the label
on Rich Harvest Sweet Dark Whole Grain bread states that one
slice has 120 calories.
a. However b. For example c. In conclusion
________9. A first date can end up being categorized as successful, a clingy,
a boastful or awkward. What type of text development is the
statement? a. cause and effect b. exemplification c.
classification
_______10. Which is not a correct signal word/s for the sentence:
At the approach of danger, many birds utter warning calls: this is
_______ of animals communicating with each other. a. a case in
point b. an example c. overall

Let Us Practice More

Activity 3. Look Within!
Now you have taken a grasp of the patterns of written texts, let’s re-
examine what you have learned so far. Compare and contrast the different
patterns of paragraph development by completing the chart below. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Pattern of Paragraph Description / Structure / Signal

Development Purpose Words Used
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Let Us Remember
Writing is a complex process. No one is born a writer! Becoming a good
writer takes time and a lot of practice. But with the knowledge of writing
patterns, you can organize your ideas and present them in a manner that is best
suited to explain or elaborate your topic. Remember that before you start writing
you should also know your purpose so you can put your composition in a proper
form. Do you want to explain a concept? Do you want to tell a story? Or convince
someone to agree with your point of view? Whatever you want to do, you must
be familiar with the patterns of written texts.

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 Narration simply tells a story to prove your main point. Description is used
to stimulate mental images using sensory impressions. Definition provides
meaning. A word can be defined formally, informally, theoretically or by referring
to its etymology. Exemplification provides illustration to support the main topic.
Classification groups people, things, ideas and concepts according to their
category. Comparison and contrast features the similarities and differences of
two or more subjects. Cause and effect establishes relationships between events.
Problem-solution presents problems and corresponding solutions. Lastly,
persuasion shows an argument to which you want a reader to believe or act
upon.

Activity 4. Look Again!

Let’s assess what you have learned so far. Match the patterns of
paragraph development in column A with their corresponding description in
Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer in a sheet of paper.

Patterns of Written Texts

1. ____C__ narration a. convincing
2. ____H__ definition b. differences
3. __J____ description c. tells a story
4. ___i___ exemplification d. something happens as a result of
something else
5. ____G __ classification e. similarities
6. ___E___ comparison f. resolving
7. _____B_ contrast g. categorize same items
8. ___F___ problem-solving h. provides meaning

9. ___D___ cause and effect i. gives examples

10.___A___ Persuasion j. presents mental images

Let Us Assess
Activity 5. Look Further!

How far have you understood? Let’s assess your understanding. Identify
the pattern of writing development used in the following paragraphs. Write your
answers in your notebook.

____CAUSE& EFFECT____1. Flashfloods have victimized thousands of Filipinos.

This phenomenon has been due to the denudation of the forests, garbage that
are thrown anywhere, and the clogging of the drainage system. Somehow, the
basic cause of flash floods is the fact that Filipinos do not know how to manage
their garbage (Castigador, 2012).

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__CLASSIFICATION______2. Men can be categorized by the way they treat
women while dating into three groups: a social addict, a content lover, or a
keeper. The first type, a social addict, is the type of man who is constantly late
and everything is on his time. Social addicts are particularly self-absorbed. For
your birthday this type of dater will give you a gift such as a necklace, so that
everybody can notice it. When it comes down to emotions and feelings, a social
addict will say whatever he assumes you want to hear at any given moment. The
second type of dater, a content lover, is a guy who will come and go as he
pleases. These men just seem to be in attendance but not involved. When he is
with you, he will not open up and share his thoughts. A content lover will forget
your birthday all together. Lastly there is the keeper who will not keep you
waiting; in fact, he always plans ahead and involves you in the decision making.
To them, your birthday is tremendously important. They will give you time for
your friends and family; in addition, they always make unique plans for the two
of you later that evening. Unlike the other types of daters, the keeper will
attempt to be 100% in touch with their feelings towards you and are willing to
talk about them. Men’s dating styles differ; nonetheless, it all comes down to
what behavior you are in the mood for.
https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/classification_upload.pdf

_COMPARISON AND CONTRAST_______3. The Filipino is as pliant as the

bamboo. Like the bamboo, the Filipino is characterized by flexibility, endurance,
and harmony with nature. As the bamboo bends with the wind and survives a
storm, the Filipino chooses to adapt to fate rather than resist it. The Filipino mind
is pliant: it is open to new ideas; it is constantly searching for wisdom. But unlike
the bamboo, his heart can be hardened with hatred and can seek revenge when
betrayed. Although the Filipino can stand adversity, his resilience is tested when
freedom and liberty are at stake (King, 2002).

___NARRATION______4. One day in the times when the sky was close to the
ground, a spinster went out to pound rice. Before she began her work, she took
off the beads from around her neck and the comb from her hair, and hung them
on the sky, which at that time looked like coral rock.

Then she began working, and each time that she raised her pestle into the
air it struck the sky. For some time she pounded the rice, and then she raised the
pestle so high that it struck the sky very hard.

Immediately the sky began to rise, and it went up so far that she lost her
ornaments. Never did they come down, for the comb became the moon and the
beads are the stars that are scattered about.
http://getwokebooklist.com/sacredtexts/asia/pft/pft34.htm

_DEFINITION________5. Distillation is a process by which a liquid is evaporated

and condensed. The liquids can be heated to force components which have
different boiling points into the gas phase. The gas is then condensed back into
liquid for and collected.
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-distillation-601964

_____CAUSE&EFFECTS____6. Obesity is caused by many factors. Common

reasons that lead to obesity are poor eating habits, slow metabolism, lack of
exercise and hereditary influence. Poor eating habit is the lack of consumption of

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healthy foods that are high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Slow metabolism is
burning fewer calories when at rest. Lack of exercise is not getting enough
physical activity. Lastly, hereditary influence is the traits and properties that are
passed by parents to their child. All of these factors lead to obesity.

_____PROBLEM-SOLUTION_____7. Obesity is one major problems faced by older

women. This is a growing concern especially for aging women whose metabolism
slows down and physical activity is lessened. To solve this dilemma, women are
advised to have healthy eating habits and to increase physical activity.

_____DESCRIPTION_____8. Sunset is the time of the day when the sky turns
bright orange, pink and even purple. The heavens swirl in the soft glow of the
afternoon light as the sun moves lazily towards the horizon. The earth and sky
part with this phenomenon. The moon on the other side begins to become
clearer reflecting the land below and the space beyond. As the sun sets,
everything seems to slow down taking in the calm, cold breeze of the coming
night.

____PERSUASION______9. Homework is an important part of the learning process

in school. It provides additional practice, time for longer assignments and review.
Since classes are too short for adequate practice, homework allows students to
do independent practice. Compositions, reports, and special projects are done in
varying speeds so bringing them home gives students adequate time to
concentrate and complete them. Finally, doing homework is an opportunity for
students to review old and new materials especially preparing for exams thereby
a big help in improving grades. These are why homework should not be taken
out of the school system.

__EXEMPLIFICATION________10. Although they do not consider it cheating,

students simply copy what they see over the internet. In truth, plagiarism is a
common form of cheating. Plagiarism is copying someone’s work and
acknowledging it as one’s own. Students often copy verbatim, cutting and
pasting without proper acknowledgment. In some instance, they copy the work of
their classmates. These examples may seem ordinary, day-to day school
happenings but in truth, these are forms of cheating.

Let Us Enhance
Good job for reaching this far! Now that you have a firm grasp on how
written texts can be developed, it is time to enhance your writing skill. Now, let
us put your added knowledge about the patterns of written texts. If you are to
write something, what will it be? Think of your experiences during this
pandemic. Think of what ideas and information you can write to help
our world become a better place. Write a composition showcasing one
pattern of writing. Refer to rubric below for your guide. You may use bond paper
for this activity.

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 RUBRIC FOR GRADING WRITING COMPOSITION
.
Category Excellent - 10 pts. Satisfactory - 7 pts. Less Satisfactory - 5 pts
Writing is neat, Includes 2 -3 of the
Appearance organized and readable items listed Only shows one item

Appropriate, good
coverage, valid Includes 2-3 of the
Content Only shows one item
information and items listed
understandable
No spelling, Minimal spelling,
Mechanics punctuation or punctuation or Shows more than 5 errors
grammatical error grammatical error

Let Us Reflect
Reflect on what you have learned and what you have accomplished.
Complete the charts below.
Things I Things I did Things I can still
learned in this well in this improve through
module are this module are
module are
_______________ ___________________
_______________
_ _
_
_______________ ___________________
_______________
_ _
_
_______________ ___________________
_______________
_ _
_
_______________ ___________________
_______________
_ _
_

________________ ________________ ____________________

Answer Key

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 References

Castigador, Adlai C., Expository Writing: Wholistic Writing in the Discipline.

2012. Philippines

Classification Text. Accessed October, 2020

https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/classification_upload.pdf

Cook, Mabel. “Philippine Folk Stories.” How the Moon and the Stars Came
to be. Accessed October 6, 2020
http://getwokebooklist.com/sacredtexts/asia/pft/pft34.htm

Gabelo, Nerissa D., et. Al., Academic Writing: Writing Across Disciplines,
Maxcore Publishing House, Inc., Malabon City, 2010.

Helmenstine, Anne Marie. “What Is Distillation? Chemistry Definition.”

Accessed October 6, 2020 https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-
distillation-601964

King, Jenny, Success in Writing School Papers. World Link Books, 2002.

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