Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

2023

Mechanical Vibration

Laboratory Report Part 3

AMMAR UL HASSAN
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.......................................................................................................................1
Experiment 9: Vibration Analysis of Fixed Supports I-Section Beam using Abaqus CAE......3
Objective....................................................................................................................................3
Methodology..............................................................................................................................3
Results........................................................................................................................................3
Analytical Results..................................................................................................................3
Numerical Results..................................................................................................................3
Discussion..................................................................................................................................4
Conclusions................................................................................................................................4
Experiment 10: Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported I-Section Beam using Abaqus CAE5
Objective....................................................................................................................................5
Methodology..............................................................................................................................5
Results........................................................................................................................................5
Analytical Results..................................................................................................................5
Numerical Results..................................................................................................................5
Discussion..................................................................................................................................5
Conclusions................................................................................................................................5
Experiment 11: Vibration Analysis of Cantilever I-Section Beam using ANSYS Workbench 6
Objective....................................................................................................................................6
Methodology..............................................................................................................................6
Results........................................................................................................................................6
Analytical Results..................................................................................................................6
Numerical Results..................................................................................................................6
Discussion..................................................................................................................................6
Conclusions................................................................................................................................6
Experiment 12: Vibration Analysis of Fixed-Pinned Ends I-Section Beam using ANSYS
Workbench.................................................................................................................................8
Objective....................................................................................................................................8
Methodology..............................................................................................................................8
Results........................................................................................................................................8
Analytical Results..................................................................................................................8
Numerical Results..................................................................................................................8
Discussion..................................................................................................................................8
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Conclusions................................................................................................................................8

Experiment 9: Vibration Analysis of Fixed Supports I-Section

Beam using Abaqus CAE
Objective

 Calculate the Natural Frequencies The major purpose of this endeavour is to

determine the natural frequencies of the I-section beam while it is free to vibrate. The
experiment attempts to acquire precise and dependable values for the natural
frequencies corresponding to the provided end circumstances by doing the analysis in
Abaqus CAE. This will allow the experiment to achieve its goal.
 Conduct an Analysis of Mode Shapes One of the goals of this project is to figure out
the mode shapes that are connected to the first three modes of vibration. The spatial
distribution of displacements inside the beam at various frequencies is represented by
the mode shape of the beam. Understanding the dynamic behaviour of the I-section
beam, as well as the dominating vibration patterns it exhibits, may be aided by doing
an analysis of the mode shapes.
 Validate Theoretical Calculations: The purpose of the experiment is to validate the
theoretical calculations by comparing the observed natural frequencies and mode
shapes to those predicted by theoretical models. This serves to check the correctness
and dependability of the simulation results, as well as validate the applicability of the
numerical technique that was selected in order to represent the fixed supports.
Additionally, this helps to ensure that the simulation was successful.
 Evaluate the Influence of Fixed Supports: The purpose of this experiment is to
determine the extent to which the boundary conditions have an impact on the dynamic
behaviour of the I-section beam by analysing the vibration characteristics of the beam
while it is supported by fixed supports. This research sheds light on the impact that
permanent supports have on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure,
demonstrating the critical role that boundary conditions play in the process of
structural vibration analysis.
 Improved Comprehension of Structural Vibrations The experiment is designed to aid
in the acquisition of a more in-depth knowledge of the dynamic response of I-section
beams subjected to free vibration. The findings of the study add to information about
the basic vibration modes and behaviour of such structural components, which may be
useful for engineering design and the evaluation of structural integrity.

Methodology
The experiment titled "Vibration Analysis of Fixed Supports I-Section Beam using Abaqus
CAE" was conducted following the steps outlined below:
Geometry and Material Properties:
A 3D model of a DIN 1025 Normal Flange I-100 beam with dimensions h = 100 mm, w = 50
mm, s = 4.5 mm, and fillet radius = 0 was created in Abaqus CAE. The material properties,
including the modulus of elasticity (210 GPa), Poisson's ratio (0.3), and density (7850 kg/m³),
were assigned to the beam.
Meshing:
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

In order to guarantee an accurate portrayal of the beam's dynamic behaviour, the geometry of
the beam was meshed in Abacus CAE. In order to construct the mesh, beam elements were
employed, and particular focus was placed on refining the mesh in the vicinity of the
permanent supports so that the boundary conditions could be adequately represented.

Boundary circumstances: In order to accurately mimic the required end circumstances,

fixed supports were installed at both ends of the beam. To provide an accurate representation
of the fixed supports, all six degrees of freedom, including translations and rotations, were
limited at each position where the fixed supports were located.

Modal Analysis: Within Abaqus CAE, a modal analysis was carried out in order to ascertain
the inherent frequencies and mode shapes of the beam. Following the specification of the
required number of modes to be extracted, the eigenvalue problem was solved in order to get
the natural frequencies and mode shapes corresponding to those frequencies.

The collected data were then visualised and evaluated before moving on to the post-
processing stage. In order to have a better understanding of the displacement patterns that
occur at varying frequencies, the mode shapes of the first three modes of vibration were
extracted and studied. Plots were created in order to better visualise the mode forms, which
ultimately led to a deeper comprehension of the beam's behaviour. After analysing the data,
the natural frequencies that correlate to each mode form were found.

Validation: In order to verify the correctness of the simulation's findings, the natural
frequencies that were found were analysed and compared to theoretical calculations. In
addition, the mode forms were investigated to see whether or not they displayed the
behaviour that was anticipated for fixed supports.

Results

Analytical Results

Figure 1: Mode shapes for fixed support beam

Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Numerical Results

Figure 2: First mode of vibration

Figure 3: second mode of vibration

Figure 4: third mode of vibration

Discussion

The outcomes of the experiment showed the natural frequencies and mode shapes that match
to those frequencies for the I-section beam that had fixed supports. The correctness of the
simulation was verified by comparing the results of the simulation with theoretical
calculations based on the values that were obtained. Insights into the dynamic behaviour of
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

the beam and the impact of fixed supports on its vibration characteristics were offered by the
study.

Conclusions
As a result of the experiment, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the I-section beam
with fixed supports were successfully calculated. The findings bring to light how critical it is
to take into account boundary conditions while conducting an analysis of the dynamic
behaviour of structural parts.
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Experiment 10: Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported I-Section

Beam using Abaqus CAE
Objective

 Compute Natural Frequencies: The main goal is to compute the natural

frequencies of the I-section beam using easily supported boundary conditions. This
will be accomplished by determining the natural frequencies. The experiment
attempts to acquire precise and dependable values for the natural frequencies
corresponding to the provided end circumstances by doing the analysis in Abaqus
CAE. This will allow the experiment to achieve its goal.
 Examine Mode Shapes One other goal is to discover the mode shapes associated with
the first three modes of vibration for the simply supported beam. This may be
accomplished by analysing the mode forms. The spatial distribution of displacements
inside the beam at various frequencies is represented by the mode shape of the beam.
Understanding the dynamic behaviour of the I-section beam as well as the
dominating vibration patterns may be aided by doing an analysis of the mode shapes
while the beam is in the simply supported state.
 Compare the acquired Results with Those Obtained Using Fixed Supports The
purpose of this experiment is to compare the natural frequencies and mode shapes
that were acquired with the outcomes of an earlier experiment that used fixed
supports. This enables a comparison study to be conducted in order to have a better
understanding of how the vibration characteristics of the beam are affected by
various boundary circumstances (permanent supports as opposed to just being
supported).
 Validation and Accuracy Assessment: The experiment tries to test the accuracy of the
simulation findings for the simply supported beam by comparing the acquired natural
frequencies with theoretical calculations. This is done in an effort to assess the level
of accuracy. This evaluation verifies that the numerical technique is trustworthy in its
capacity to capture the dynamic behaviour of the I-section beam when subjected to a
variety of boundary conditions.
 Investigate Behaviour When Merely Supported: The purpose of this experiment is to
get some understanding of the dynamic response of the I-section beam when the
boundary conditions consist of merely supporting it. The experiment aims to study
the impact of the supports on the vibration behaviour of the beam and find any
distinctive changes compared to fixed supports. This will be accomplished by
measuring the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam.
 Improved Understanding of Structural Design: The purpose of this experiment is to
get a better understanding of the vibration characteristics of I-section beams when
they are placed in settings in which they are simply supported. The findings of the
study add to information about the basic vibration modes and behaviour of such
structural components. This knowledge helps in the development of improved design
practises and evaluations of structural integrity.

Methodology
Geometry and Material Properties:
Create a 3D model of the I-section beam in Abaqus CAE, with dimensions h = 100 mm, w =
50 mm, s = 4.5 mm, and fillet radius = 0. Assign the material properties, including the
modulus of elasticity (210 GPa), Poisson's ratio (0.3), and density (7850 kg/m³).
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Meshing:
Generate a suitable mesh for the beam geometry using beam elements to accurately capture
the dynamic behaviour. Consider refining the mesh near the beam supports to capture the
boundary conditions effectively.
Boundary Conditions:
Apply simply supported boundary conditions to the beam by allowing only translational
displacements along the vertical axis at both ends. This can be achieved by constraining the
vertical translations at each support location while leaving the horizontal translations and
rotations free.
Modal Analysis:
Perform a modal analysis in Abaqus CAE to determine the natural frequencies and mode
shapes of the beam. Set up the modal analysis, specifying the desired number of modes to be
extracted. Solve the eigenvalue problem to obtain the natural frequencies and corresponding
mode shapes.
Post-processing:
Visualize and interpret the results. Extract the mode shapes of the first three modes of
vibration and analyse their characteristics. Plot the mode shapes to visualize the displacement
patterns of the beam at different frequencies. Determine the natural frequencies
corresponding to each mode shape.
Validation:
Compare the obtained natural frequencies with theoretical calculations to validate the
accuracy of the simulation results. Additionally, analyse the mode shapes to ensure they
exhibit the expected behaviour for a simply supported beam.

Results

Analytical Results

Figure 5: Mode shapes for SS beam

Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Numerical Results

Figure 6: first mode of vibration

Figure 7: second mode of vibration

Figure 8: third mode of vibration

Discussion
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

The findings of the experiment show that the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the I-
section beam with simply supported supports are different from those of the case with fixed
supports. In this discussion, the impact of boundary conditions on the vibration behaviour of
the beam is brought to light.

Conclusions

The results of the experiment showed that the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the
beam with a simply supported I-section were effectively calculated. According to the
findings, the importance of boundary conditions as a factor in determining the vibrational
properties of the beam cannot be overstated.
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Experiment 11: Vibration Analysis of Cantilever I-Section Beam using

ANSYS Workbench

Objective

 determine the Natural Frequencies The major goal of this project is to use ANSYS
Workbench to determine the natural frequencies of the cantilever I-section beam. The
purpose of the experiment is to determine, in a precise and dependable manner, the
natural frequencies that correspond to the cantilever boundary condition that has been
provided.
 Examine Mode forms One further goal is to discover the mode forms associated with
the cantilever beam's first three modes of vibration. This may be accomplished by
analysing mode shapes. The spatial distribution of displacements inside the beam at
various frequencies is represented by the mode shape of the beam. Understanding the
dynamic behaviour of the cantilever I-section beam, as well as the prevailing
vibration patterns, may be aided by doing an analysis of the mode shapes.
 Validate Simulation Results The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether
or not the simulation results produced from ANSYS Workbench are accurate and
reliable. In order to guarantee that the simulation accurately depicts the dynamic
behaviour of the cantilever beam, this step entails comparing the natural frequencies
and mode shapes with theoretical calculations or well-established standards.
 analyse the Behaviour of the Cantilever The purpose of this experiment is to analyse
the impact of the cantilever support on the dynamic response of the cantilever by
analysing the vibration characteristics of the I-section beam while it is subjected to
cantilever boundary conditions. This analysis sheds light on the peculiar vibrational
behaviour that cantilever constructions are known to display.
 Gain a Better Understanding of Structural Vibrations: The purpose of this experiment
is to gain a more in-depth comprehension of the dynamic response of cantilever I-
section beams when subjected to free vibration. The findings of the study add to
information about the basic vibration modes and behaviour of such structural
components, which may be useful for engineering design and the evaluation of
structural integrity.

Methodology

Geometry and Material Properties:

Create a 3D model of the cantilever I-section beam in ANSYS Workbench, with dimensions
h = 100 mm, w = 50 mm, s = 4.5 mm, and fillet radius = 0. Assign the material properties,
including the modulus of elasticity (210 GPa), Poisson's ratio (0.3), and density (7850 kg/m³).

Pre-processing:
Prepare the model for analysis by importing the geometry into ANSYS Workbench.
Determine the correct units to use and the coordinate system before continuing with the
analysis. In order to discretize the beam geometry, appropriate meshing methods should be
used. Make sure that the mesh is precise enough so that it can correctly reflect the behaviour
of the dynamic system.

Boundary Conditions:
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Cantilever as a boundary requirement for the beam should be established. Only translational
displacements in the x, y, and z axes are allowed to take place while the other end of the
beam is held stationary to imitate the cantilever support. The cantilever arrangement is still
represented by the free end of the opposite cantilever.

Material Assignment:

Within the ANSYS Workbench interface, assign the material attributes to the I-section beam
that is being modelled. Include the modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, and density when
describing the suitable material model.

Modal Analysis:

Conduct a modal analysis of the cantilever beam using ANSYS Workbench to find out its
natural frequencies and mode shapes. Prepare the modal analysis by defining the number of
modes that you want to be retrieved from the data. Find a solution to the eigenvalue issue in
order to acquire the natural frequencies and mode shapes that correspond to them.ty.

Post-processing:

Perform an analysis, and then see the findings. The mode forms of the first three modes of
vibration need to be extracted, and then the properties of each mode need to be investigated.
Create a plot of the mode shapes in order to see the displacement patterns that the cantilever
beam exhibits at a variety of frequencies. It is necessary to determine the natural frequencies
that correspond to each mode form.

Validation:

Confirm the accuracy of the measured natural frequencies and mode shapes by contrasting
them with the results of theoretical computations or well-established references. Check to see
if the findings of the simulation are accurate and trustworthy.

Results

Analytical Results
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Figure 9: Mode shapes of the cantilever beam

Numerical Results

Figure 10: first mode of vibration

Figure 11: second mode of vibration

Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Figure 12: third mode of vibration

Discussion

The cantilever I-section beam was subjected to an experiment, the results of which revealed
its inherent frequencies and the mode shapes that corresponded to those frequencies. The
discussion emphasises the one-of-a-kind behaviour of the cantilever configuration by drawing
attention to the fact that, in comparison to beams with other boundary conditions, cantilever
beams have lower natural frequencies and more distinguishable mode forms. Able.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the experiment conducted using ANSYS Workbench was effective in

determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the cantilever I-section beam. These
findings emphasise the relevance of boundary conditions in the dynamic behaviour of the
beam by demonstrating the special vibration characteristics displayed by the cantilever
configuration. These results also reveal the distinctive vibration characteristics exhibited by
the cantilever arrangement.
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

. Experiment 12: Vibration Analysis of Fixed-Pinned Ends I-

Section Beam using ANSYS Workbench
Objective

 compute the Natural Frequencies The main purpose is to use ANSYS Workbench to
compute the natural frequencies of the fixed-pinned I-section beam. The objective of
the experiment is to get precise and trustworthy values for the natural frequencies that
correspond to the fixed-pinned boundary conditions that are provided.
 Conduct an Analysis of Mode Shapes One of the goals of this project is to discover
the mode shapes that are connected to the first three modes of vibration for the fixed-
pinned beam. The spatial distribution of displacements inside the beam at various
frequencies is represented by the mode shape of the beam. Understanding the
dynamic behaviour of the fixed-pinned I-section beam as well as the dominating
vibration patterns may be aided by doing an analysis of the mode shapes.
 Validate Simulation Results The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether
or not the simulation results produced from ANSYS Workbench are accurate and
reliable. In order to guarantee that the simulation accurately depicts the dynamic
behaviour of the fixed-pinned beam, this step entails comparing the natural
frequencies and mode shapes with theoretical calculations or well-established
standards.
 Evaluate Fixed-Pinned Behaviour The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the
impact of the fixed and pinned supports on the dynamic response of the I-section
beam by exploring the vibration characteristics of the beam under fixed-pinned
boundary circumstances. This will be done by analysing the vibration characteristics
of the I-section beam. This review sheds light on the distinctive vibration behaviour
that may be seen in buildings that have a combination of different boundary
conditions.
 Gain a Better Understanding of Structural Vibrations: The purpose of this experiment
is to gain a greater comprehension of the dynamic response of fixed-pinned I-section
beams when they are subjected to free vibration. The findings of the study add to
information about the basic vibration modes and behaviour of such structural
components, which may be useful for engineering design and the evaluation of
structural integrity.

Methodology
Geometry and Material Properties:
Create a 3D model of the I-section beam with fixed-pinned ends in ANSYS Workbench,
using the dimensions h = 100 mm, w = 50 mm, s = 4.5 mm, and fillet radius = 0. Assign the
material properties, including the modulus of elasticity (210 GPa), Poisson's ratio (0.3), and
density (7850 kg/m³).
Pre-processing:
Import the beam geometry into the ANSYS Workbench programme, and then prepare it for
analysis. To ensure that the correct units and coordinate systems are specified, check that they
are. Execute a meshing operation on the beam so that it may be discretized into smaller
components. It is important to pay attention to appropriately refine the mesh in order to
effectively represent the dynamic behaviour.
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Boundary Conditions:
Prepare the beam's boundary conditions by setting it up with fixed pins. In order to imitate a
fixed support, simulate fixing one end of the beam such that there are no translational or
rotational degrees of freedom. Pinning the other end will imitate a pinned support and will
limit the degrees of freedom that may be moved in the translational direction while still
permitting rotational degrees of freedom.

Material Assignment: Within the ANSYS Workbench interface, assign the material
attributes to the I-section beam that is being modelled. Include the modulus of elasticity,
Poisson's ratio, and density when describing the suitable material model.

Modal Analysis: Utilise ANSYS Workbench to do a modal analysis on the fixed-pinned I-

section beam in order to identify its natural frequencies and mode shapes. Establish the modal
analysis, indicating the number of modes that you want to extract from the data. Find a
solution to the eigenvalue issue in order to acquire the natural frequencies and mode shapes
that correspond to them.

Post-processing: Perform an analysis, and then see the findings. Examine the properties of
the first three modes of vibration once they have been extracted from their mode forms.
Plotting the mode shapes allows one to see the displacement patterns produced by the beam
with a fixed pin at a variety of frequencies. It is necessary to determine the natural
frequencies that correspond to each mode form.

Validation: Validate the results of the previous step by comparing the natural frequencies
and mode shapes that were found with theoretical calculations or well-established references.
Check to see if the findings of the simulation are accurate and trustworthy.

Results : In the section under "Results," you will offer a summary of the data that was
gathered over the course of your tests. These findings are not only a reproduction of the raw
data found in your laboratory notebook. Instead, it can need some math, analysis, and the
creation of tables and figures so that you can display your facts.

Analytical Results
Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Figure 13: Mode shapes of the Fixed-Pinned beam

Numerical Results

Figure 14: first mode of vibration

Figure 15: second mode of vibration

Laboratory Report Part 3 Mechanical Vibration 2019-ME-162

Figure 16: third mode of vibration

Discussion

The outcomes of the experiment shed light on the natural frequencies as well as the mode
shapes that correlate to those frequencies in the fixed-pinned I-section beam. The discussion
places an emphasis on the distinctive vibration behaviour that results from the mixed
boundary conditions. In particular, the existence of various mode shapes and the effect of
fixed and pinned supports on the dynamic response of the beam are brought to light.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the experiment conducted using ANSYS Workbench was effective in
determining the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the fixed-pinned I-section beam.
These findings emphasise the major influence that the mixed boundary conditions have on
the beam's vibration behaviour and give vital insights that may be used for structural analysis
and design.