Home automation technology using IoT

Comuter Engineering

CHAPTER -
1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Overview:-
IoT is the network of “things” or physical objects which includes electronics,
software, sensors, actuators and network connectivity. All these things collect and transfer
data between themselves. IoT has increased significantly in the last few years since it has
added a new dimension to the world of information and communication technologies.
For digitalizing home appliances such as lighting, heating, security, audio, video etc.
IoT in home automation is the best commercial solution these days. With the increasing use
of personal computing, media players, android mobile phones etc. people have more
knowledge about these technologies and are more comfortable with its use. Thus home
automation will be easily accepted by the people.

Homes of the 21st century will become more and more self-controlled and automated
due to the comfort it provides, especially when employed in a private home. A home
automation system is a means that allow users to control electric appliances of varying kind.

Many existing, well-established home automation systems are based on wired

communication. This does not pose a problem until the system is planned well in advance and
installed during the physical construction of the building. But for already existing buildings
the implementation cost goes very high. In contrast, Wireless systems can be of great help for
automation systems. With the advancement of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, cloud
networks in the recent past, wireless systems are used every day and everywhere.

Life is becoming easier and simpler with advancement of Automation technology, life
is getting simpler and easier in all aspects. In today’s world Automatic systems are being
preferred over manual system. With the rapid increase in the number of users of internet over
the past decade has made Internet a part and parcel of life, and IoT is the latest and emerging
internet technology. Internet of things is a growing network of everyday object-from
industrial machine to consumer goods that can share information and complete tasks while

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you are busy with other activities. Home Automation system(HAS) using IoT is a system
that uses computers or mobile devices to control basic home functions and features
automatically through internet from anywhere around the world, an automated home is
sometimes called a smart home. It is meant to save the electric power and human energy. The
home automation system differs from other system by allowing the user to operate the system
from anywhere around the world through internet connection. In this paper we present a
Home Automation system(HAS) using Intel Galileo that employs the integration of cloud
networking, wireless communication, to provide the user with remote control of various
lights, fans, and appliances within their home and storing the data in the cloud. The system
will automatically change on the basis of sensors’ data. This system is designed to be low
cost and expandable allowing a variety of devices to be controlled.
The proposed system is a distributed home automation system, consists of server, sensors.
Server controls and monitors the various sensors, and can be easily configured to handle
more hardware interface module (sensors). In proposed work we use Arduino UNO board
with Android application.

1.2Limitations of existing system:-

• Handicapped, old edged & also children were not able to always handle electronics
devices.

• Time consuming.

• More manpower.

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CHAPTER -
2
Analysis

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2.1 Problem Statement:-

To design and implement a novel approach for home automation system using IoT
that is capable of controlling and automating most of the house appliances through an easy
manageable web interface.

2.2 Hardware Specification:-

2.2.1 Introduction to Arduino :-

The word Arduino can mean 3 things:-

1. A physical piece of hardware

2. A programming environment

3. A community and philosophy

Arduino is a popular open-source single-board microcontroller, which is designed to

make the process of using electronics in multidisciplinary projects more accessible.
The hardware consists of a simple open hardware design for the Arduino board with
an Atmel AVR processor and on board input/output support.The Arduino board is a hardware
interface allowing you to control and monitor hardware devices with your computer.

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Fig 2.1 Introduction to Arduino

Arduino is composed of two major parts: the Arduino board, which is the piece of
hardware you work on when you build your objects; and the Arduino IDE, the piece of
software you run on your computer. You use the IDE to createa sketch (a little computer
program) that youupload to the Arduino board. The sketch tells the board what to do.
Each program must contain at least two functions. A function is a series of programming
statements that can be called by name.
1. setup()which is called once when the program starts.
2. loop()which is called repetitively over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.

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2.3 Bluetooth:-
Bluetooth technology is standard for short range radio communication.
It is a low cost bidirectional (two way)wireless interface between device that provides
low power consumption.For the communication between mobile phone and
microcontroller Bluetooth module (HC-05) is used. HC-05 is low power 1.8V operation
and is easy to use with Bluetooth SPP (serial port protocol).Serial port Bluetooth module
have a Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (enhanced data rate), 3Mbps Modulation with complete
2.4GHZ radio transceiver and baseband.

Fig 2.2 Bluetooth module(HC-05)

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2.4 Breadboards
Breadboards are made for doing quick experiments.They are not known for keeping
circuits together for a long time. The columns on the edges are connected from top to bottom
inside of the breadboard to make it easy to supply power and ground. (You can think of
ground as the negative side of a battery and the power as the positive side.)

Fig 4.3 Breadboard

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Chapter 3
Design

3.1 Block Diagram of proposed System:-

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Fig.4.4 Block diagram

3.2 Flow Chart:

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3.2 Flowchart of proposed work

3.4 Data Flow Diagram:

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CHAPTER
4
SYSTEM
SPECIFICATION

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4.1 Selection of serial port and board:-

Fig 5.1 Selection of serial port and board:-

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4.2 Algorithm:

Fig 4.2 Algorithm

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CHAPTER
5
IMPLEMENTATION

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5.1 Implementation:

The IDE to createa sketch (a little computer program) that youupload to the Arduino
board. The sketch tells the board what to do.
Each program must contain at least two functions. A function is a series of programming
statements that can be called by name.
1. setup()which is called once when the program starts.
2. loop()which is called repetitively over and over again as long as the Arduino has power.

Algorithmic steps:

If(BTserial.available())
{
blue_message=BTserial.read();
If(blue_message==”\n”)
Then
Switch(message)
Case ‘f’: forward()
Break;
Case ‘b’: backward()
Break;
Else

Message=blue_message;
void forward()
{

Serial.println("Forward");
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
}

void backward()
{
Serial.println("Backward");
digitalWrite(3,0);

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}
}

CHAPTER –
6
OUTPUT

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7.1 Make the connection between Arduino Uno, Breadboard & Bluetooth module by using
cables.

Fig6.1-connection between breadboard and arduino uno

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Fig 6.2-Connection between arduino uno and relay

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Fig 6.3-Connection of register in breadboard

Fig 6.4-Overall connection

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7.2 This is Android app for home automation system. First make Mobile Bluetooth
connection with Bluetooth module(HC-05) then open the android app.After open this app
enter the Mac address(98:D3:31:70:6D:38) then click on connect button. If we click on LED
button then LED blink for particular period of time. If we click on forward or left button then
LED blink. If we click on backword or right then LED off.

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CHAPTER –
7
FEATURES

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FEATURES

As we enter the 21st century, the interaction between humans and computer is breaking old
barriers and entering a new realm. In the highly technology driven world of today’s mobile
phones have become a part of our Lifestyles. Mobile phones are not just communication tool.
Our project tries to derive solution providing better control on home appliance with help of
cell phone. The Existing System consists of physical appliances in our home that are been
controlled through switches. These devices can be switched ON & OFF manually whenever
needed. This system is less secured and prone to electrical hazards. Also the wastage of
electricity tends to be a major factor of concern. The proposed project is conceived
networking our mobile phone to all appliances via a smart logic circuit. The proposed system
consists of Smart Logic Circuit connected to the appliances. Status of all home appliances
could be controlled by user from remote location with help of user’s mobile phone.

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CHAPTER 8
LIMITATIONS

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Slow Transfer Rate

The rate of data transfer between Bluetooth devices is about three megabits per second. This
is significantly lower than Wi-Fi, the other predominant wireless technology, which transfers
at 54 Mbps. Bluetooth is also too slow to stream music or video, which requires at least 10
Mbps. The new Bluetooth standard, Bluetooth 3.0, will allow for transfer speeds of up to 24
Mbps by using a Bluetooth connection to set up a separate Wi-Fi connection..

Distance Limitations

Most Bluetooth devices, especially those that run on battery power, are Class 2 Bluetooth
devices. Class 2 devices have a range of about 10 meters, or around 30 feet. The range
limitations are meant to avoid the quick depletion of the battery. While the Bluetooth signal
will work through walls, the more objects that are in between the devices, the less overall
range the devices will have. Class 1 Bluetooth devices have a range of about 100 meters, but
the size and power consumption needed to create a Class 1 signal means that small wireless
devices could not use it and are confined to the 10 meters of the Class 2 protocol.

Interference

Bluetooth devices work with the 2.4 GHz radio band, which is the same unlicensed frequency
used by many other wireless devices. If many devices in the same area are all using the same
stretch of bandwidth, it can lead to overall network problems, as the signals collide and
information has to be resent. The Bluetooth signal was designed to change it's frequency
many times per second to reduce this interference, but if enough devices are trying to use the
same small stretch of bandwidth, interference is inevitable. Bluetooth 3.0, being used in
devices created in 2010, uses the 6-9 GHz spectrum, so it will have much fewer interference
issues. Bluetooth 3.0 devices are also capable of transmitting at 2.4 GHz to communicate
with earlier Bluetooth technologies. Bluetooth 3.0, running at 2.4 GHz, has the same issues
with interference as earlier Bluetooth technologies.

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CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSION

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9.1 Conclusion:-
The home automation using Internet of Things has been experimentally proven to
work satisfactorily by connecting simple appliances to it and the appliances were successfully
controlled remotely.

“Bluetooth controlled industrial devices using Androidmobile” was a project based on

microcontroller, due to whichhardware requirement is reduced. Embarking of this project has
helped us in developing a team spirit, patience and timemanagement necessary for today's
technical professionals.Hence we can conclude that the required goals and objectivesof our
project have been achieved.It provides the flexibility & system reliability with low costas
well as less maintenance. It provides remote access to thesystem to deliver service at any time
of the day

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9.2 Future Scope:-

 Using this system as framework, the system can be expanded to include various other
options which could include home security feature like capturing the photo of a
person moving around the house and storing it onto the cloud. This will reduce the
data storage than using the CCTV camera which will record all the time and stores it.

 The system can be expanded for energy monitoring, or weather stations. This kind of
a system with respective changes can be implemented in the hospitals for disable
people or in industries where human invasion is impossible or dangerous, and it can
also be implemented for environmental monitoring.

 The system can be expanded by handling the home automation system using Wi-Fi
module.

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CHAPTER 10
REFERENCES

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[1] Vinay sagar K N1,Kusuma S M2,Student IV SEM, M.Tech, Digital Communication.

Engg., MSRIT, Bangalore,India “Home Automation Using Internet of Things ”

[2] Basil Hamed, “Design & Implementation of Smart HouseControl Using LabVIEW” at
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[3] Deepali Javale, Mohd. Mohsin, Shreerang Nandanwar “Home Automation and Security
System Using Android ADK” in International Journal of Electronics Communication and
Computer Technology (IJECCT) Volume 3 Issue

2 (March 2013)

[4] Basma M. Mohammad El-Basioni1, Sherine M. Abd Elkader2 and Mahmoud

Abdelmonim Fakhreldin3, “Smart Home Design using Wireless Sensor Network and
Biometric Technologies” at Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013

[5] Kim Baraka, Marc Ghobril, Sami Malek, Rouwaida Kanj, Ayman Kayssi “Low cost

Arduino/Android-based Energy-Efficient Home Automation System with Smart Task

Scheduling”, 2013 Fifth International Conference on Computational Intelligence,

Communication Systems and Networks

[6] Baki Koyuncu, “PC Remote Control of Appliances by Using Telephone Lines”, 1995,
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[7]A.J. Bernheim Brush, B. Lee, R. Mahajan, S. Agarwal, S. Saroiu, C. Dixon, “Home

automation in the Wild: Challenges and Opportunities,” in CHI ’11 Proceedings of the
SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2115-2124, 2011.

[8]Greichen, J.J., “Value based home automation or today's market,” IEEE Transactions on
Consumer Electronics, vol. 38, no. 3, pp.34-38, Aug. 1992.

[9] Bill N. Schilit, Norman Adams, and Roy Want, “Context-Aware Computing Applications”

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[10] Jayavardhana Gubbi, Rajkumar Buyya, Slaven Marusic,aMarimuthu Palaniswamia,

“Internet of Things (IoT): A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Future Directions”

[11] S.P.Pande, Prof.Pravin Sen, “Review On: Home Automation System For Disabled
People Using BCI” in IOSR Journal of Computer Science (IOSR-JCE) e- ISSN: 2278-
0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727 PP 76-80.

[12] Chi-won Song, Sungmin Park, Dong-wook Kim, Sooyong Kang, 2011, “Parity Cloud
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[13] VijaykumarJavaraiah Brocade Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems

(ANTS), 2011, “Backup for Cloud and Disaster Recovery for Consumers and SMBs,” IEEE
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[14] Inderpreet Kaur, “Microcontroller Based Home Automation System with Security” at
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[15] Elkamchouchi, H.; ElShafee, A., "Design and prototype implementation of SMS based
home automation system," Electronics Design, Systems and Application.

Web references:

1.http://www.digikey.com/en/supplier-centers/a/atmel?WT.srch=1

2.http://www.arduino.org/products/boards/arduino-uno

3.http://retired.beyondlogic.org/serial/serial.htm

4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOT

5.http://elementzonline.com/sensors-and-modules

6.https://elementztechblog.wordpress.com/category/arduino

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