Arduino Based Home Automation

MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted to

Visvesvaraya Technological University

BELAGAVI - 590 018

by

Name USN
Manoj M 4SU21EC043
Nishant Naik 4SU21EC053
Nagaprasad AD Shetty 4SU21EC050

Under the guidance of

Mrs. Sushma K H
Assistant Professor

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UJIRE - 574 240
2023-2024
 SDM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

UJIRE -574 240

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Mini Project Work titled ‘Arduino Based Home Automation’ is carried out
by Mr. Manoj M, USN: 4SU21EC043, Mr. Nishant Naik, USN: 4SU21EC053, Mr.
Nagaprasad AD Shetty, USN: 4SU21EC050, bonafide students of SDM Institute of
Technology, Ujire, in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics and Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi
during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect to mini project work
prescribed for the said degree.

Mrs. Sushma K H Dr. Madhusudhana K

Asst. Professor and Guide Head of the Department
 Acknowledgement

It is our pleasure to express our heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Sushma K H, Assistant Professor,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for her supervision and guidance
which enabled us to understand and develop this mini project.

We are indebted to Dr. Madhusudhana K, Head of the Department and Dr. Ashok Kumar T,
Principal, for their advice and suggestions at various stages of the work. We also extend our
heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Mohan Naik R and Mr. Mahesh D S, Mini Project Coordinators for
their assistance and the management of SDM Institute of Technology, Ujire, for providing us
with a good learning environment, library and laboratory facilities.

Lastly, we take this opportunity to offer our regards to all of those who have supported us
directly or indirectly in the successful completion of this mini project work.

Manoj M

Nishant Naik

Nagaprasad AD Shetty

i
 Abstract

The primary objective of the Arduino-based Home Automation system is to provide a

convenient and efficient solution for remotely controlling home appliances. This system
utilizes an Arduino microcontroller (Arduino Uno or Nano), an HC-05 Bluetooth module, a
relay module, and a custom mobile application developed using Arduino BlueControl App.
The integration of these components enables users to manage their home environment
effortlessly through their smartphones. The core components of the system include the
Arduino microcontroller, which acts as the central processing unit, and the HC-05 Bluetooth
module, which facilitates wireless communication between the Arduino and the user's
smartphone. The relay module is employed to control various home appliances, such as
lights, fans, and other electronic devices, allowing users to switch them on or off based on
commands sent via the Bluetooth connection. The mobile application, created with Arduino
BlueControl App, provides a user-friendly interface for real-time control and monitoring of
connected appliances. Through the app, users can easily toggle devices, set schedules, and
view the status of their home automation system, making home management straightforward
and efficient. This home automation solution is both cost-effective and scalable, making it
accessible and adaptable to a wide range of needs. By leveraging Bluetooth technology and
a straightforward mobile app, the system offers a practical and efficient approach to
modernizing home environments, significantly improving the quality of life for users

ii
 Table of Contents
Page No.
Acknowledgement ⅰ
Abstract ⅱ
Table of Contents ⅲ
List of Figures ⅳ
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Literature review 2
2.1 General Introduction 2

2.2 Literature Survey 2

2.3 Summary 3
Chapter 3 Problem Statement and Objectives 4
3.1 Problem Statement 4
3.2 Objective 4
Chapter 4 System Requirements 5
4.1 Hardware Requirements 5
4.2 Software Requirements 7
4.3 Block Diagram 8
Chapter 5 Methodology and Implementation 10

5.1 Methodology 10
5.2 Implementation 11
5.3 Working 12
Chapter 6 Results and Analysis 14
6.1 Results 14
6.2 Analysis 16
Conclusion 18
References 19
Appendix A 20
Appendix B 24
Personal Profile 25

iii
 List of Figures

Page No.
Figure 4.1 Arduino Uno 5
Figure 4.2 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 6
Figure 4.3 4 Channel relay module 7
Figure 4.4 Internal circuit diagram for 4-channel relay 8
module

Figure 4.5 Arduino BlueControl Application 9

Figure 4.6 Application Interface 10
Figure 4.7 Block Diagram of Home Automation 11
Figure 5.1 Connection Diagram of Home Automation 14
Figure 5.2 Build circuit 16
Figure 6.1 Final product 19

iv
 Chapter 1
Introduction
This innovative setup uses an Arduino microcontroller as its brain, coordinating the
actions of connected devices. By integrating an HC-05 Bluetooth module, the system
facilitates seamless communication between the Arduino and the user's smartphone,
providing a straightforward and reliable method to control various household appliances.
Whether turning on the lights or adjusting the fan speed, this system offers a practical and
efficient solution for everyday home management.

In addition to its core components, the system incorporates a relay module, which plays a
crucial role in switching appliances on and off. This module acts as an intermediary,
receiving signals from the Arduino to control the power state of connected devices. With
the capability to handle multiple appliances simultaneously, the relay module ensures that
users can automate their entire home environment with minimal effort. The use of
Bluetooth technology allows for real-time commands and feedback, making it possible to
adjust settings instantly and monitor the status of devices from anywhere within the
Bluetooth range.

The Arduino BlueControl App, a key element of the system, provides a user-friendly
interface for managing home automation. This mobile application is designed to offer
intuitive controls, enabling users to interact with their home appliances through simple
taps and swipes. Features such as device scheduling, real-time status updates, and
customizable settings ensure that the system can be tailored to meet individual
preferences and requirements. By integrating these advanced functionalities, the Arduino-
based Home Automation system not only enhances convenience and efficiency but also
contributes to a more comfortable and responsive living environment.

1
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 General Introduction

Home automation has evolved with technological advancements, making it more
accessible and efficient. Systems using Arduino microcontrollers, HC-05 Bluetooth
modules, and relay modules are revolutionizing how home appliances are managed. These
technologies facilitate remote control and automation, enhancing convenience and energy
efficiency. This survey reviews recent developments in these systems, highlighting their
impact on user convenience and system performance.

2.2 Literature Survey

1.Bluetooth-Based Home Automation Systems

Kumar and Verma (2018) delve into the utilization of Bluetooth technology,
specifically focusing on the HC-05 module, for home automation purposes. Their
study underscores the potential of Bluetooth to facilitate remote control of home
appliances via smartphones. By integrating the HC-05 Bluetooth module with an
Arduino controller, users can efficiently manage devices such as lights and fans. This
integration enhances the functionality and accessibility of home automation systems,
offering a straightforward and effective method for users to control their home
environment from a distance. The study emphasizes the ease of implementation and
cost-effectiveness of using Bluetooth technology in creating user-friendly home
automation solutions.

2.Arduino-Based Smart Home Solutions

Singh and Gupta (2019) provide an in-depth analysis of the application of Arduino
microcontrollers, such as the Arduino Uno and Nano, in smart home solutions. Their
research highlights the versatility and benefits of using Arduino platforms to develop
customizable automation solutions. Arduino-based systems can control various
appliances, automate routine tasks, and interface seamlessly with mobile applications,
significantly improving the efficiency of home management. The study showcases
how the open-source nature of Arduino platforms allows for extensive
2
3.Relay Modules for Appliance Control

Patel and Shah (2020) investigate the critical role of relay modules in the realm of
home automation, particularly their application in controlling high-power appliances.
Their study demonstrates how relay modules, when integrated with Arduino
microcontrollers, enable reliable and safe switching of devices such as lights, fans, and
other household electronics. The integration of relay modules is crucial for ensuring
effective control and safety in home automation systems. By providing a mechanism
to handle high-power appliances, relay modules enhance the overall performance and
reliability of home automation setups. The research highlights the importance of this
integration in creating systems that are not only efficient but also secure and robust..

4.Voice-Controlled Home Automation

Ahmed and Farooq (2020) examine the integration of voice recognition technology
with Arduino-based home automation systems. Their study demonstrates how voice
commands can be used to control various home appliances, providing an intuitive and
hands-free method of interaction. By integrating voice recognition modules with
Arduino controllers, users can easily manage their home environment through spoken
commands. This research highlights the potential of voice-controlled home automation
to enhance accessibility and convenience, particularly for individuals with mobility
challenges.

5.Energy-Efficient Home Automation

Lee and Park (2019) explore the design and implementation of energy-efficient home
automation systems using Arduino microcontrollers. Their study focuses on how these
systems can optimize energy consumption by automating the control of lighting,
heating, and cooling based on occupancy and environmental conditions. The research
shows that by using sensors and intelligent algorithms, Arduino-based home
automation systems can significantly reduce energy usage and lower utility bills. This
approach not only enhances the efficiency of home management but also contributes
to sustainability efforts.

3
 Chapter 3

Problem Statement and Objective

3.1 Problem Statement

Current home automation systems often face several challenges:

• Limited Remote Control: Many existing systems lack effective remote-control
capabilities, making it difficult for users to manage home appliances from a
distance
• Complex Setup and Integration: Home automation solutions can be complex to set
up and integrate with various devices, requiring specialized knowledge and tools.
• High Cost of Implementation: Traditional home automation systems often involve
significant costs for both equipment and installation, making them less accessible
to a broader audience.

3.2 Objective

• Enable Remote Control: Facilitate remote management of home appliances using

an HC-05 Bluetooth module and an Arduino microcontroller, allowing users to
control devices from their smartphones.

• Simplify Setup and Integration: Use Arduino Uno or Nano and relay modules to
create a straightforward, easy-to-install home automation system that integrates
seamlessly with existing home appliances.
• Reduce Implementation Costs: Provide an affordable home automation solution
using readily available components and open-source tools, reducing the overall
cost of implementation
• Enhance Customization: Utilize Arduino BlueControl App to develop a user
friendly mobile application that allows for extensive customization and control of
home automation features, meeting individual user preferences and requirements.

4
 Chapter 4

System Requirements

4.1 Hardware Requirements

Arduino Uno

Fig 4.1: Arduino Uno

The Arduino Uno is a widely used microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc,

known for its accessibility and versatility in electronics projects. It features an
ATmega328P microcontroller running at 16 MHz and includes 14 digital I/O pins, 6
analog input pins, and 32 KB of flash memory for storing code. The board provides 2
KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM for data storage. The Arduino Uno supports
various communication interfaces, including UART, SPI, and I2C, and has built-in
PWM and analog output capabilities. It operates with a 5V power supply and can be
powered through USB or an external power source. The board’s simplicity and
extensive library support make it ideal for a wide range of applications, from basic
electronics projects to more complex automation and control systemsdevelopment
platforms available for programming the ESP8266. You can use the Arduino IDE,
Micro Python, Espruino, Espressif SDK, or one of the platforms.

5
 HC-05 Bluetooth Module

Fig 4.2: HC-05 Bluetooth Module

The HC-05 Bluetooth module is a versatile wireless communication device widely

used in applications such as home automation, robotics, and wireless data
transmission. Supporting the Bluetooth Serial Port Protocol (SPP), it enables seamless
communication with Bluetooth-enabled devices like smartphones and computers.
Operating on a 3.3V logic level and equipped with a built-in transceiver, the HC-05
can be configured as both a master and slave, enhancing its flexibility for various
project requirements. Its impressive range of up to 100 meters in open environments
makes it ideal for applications needing extensive coverage. The module's ease of
integration, coupled with low power consumption, ensures efficient and prolonged
usage, especially in battery-powered projects. Additionally, advanced features such as
pairing and data rate adjustments enable users to fine-tune performance, ensuring
reliable and optimized data transfer. These attributes make the HC-05 a popular choice
for developers and hobbyists seeking a dependable and adaptable wireless
communication solution.. This process is known as Trilateration

6
4 Channel Relay Module

Fig 4.3:4 Channel Relay Module

The magnetic 4-channel relay is a specialized component designed to control multiple

high-power devices through electromagnetic relays. Each of the four channels on the
module features a relay capable of handling significant current and voltage loads,
making it suitable for switching home appliances, industrial equipment, or other high-
power systems. The use of magnetic relays enhances reliability and longevity due to
their robust construction and ability to withstand high inrush currents.

Equipped with clearly labeled VCC, GND, and IN (input) pins, the magnetic 4-channel
relay module integrates seamlessly with microcontrollers such as Arduino, Raspberry
Pi, and other development boards. Each relay channel provides Normally Open (NO)
and Normally Closed (NC) terminals, offering flexible switching options. The module
operates at a standard 5V DC, ensuring compatibility with most microcontrollers and
delivering reliable switching performance.

One of the key features of the magnetic 4-channel relay module is its use of
optocouplers for each relay channel. These optocouplers provide electrical isolation
between the low-power control circuitry and the high-power load, enhancing safety
and protecting the microcontroller from voltage spikes or surges. Each relay can switch
loads up to 10A at 250VAC or 30VDC, making it versatile for a wide range of
applications, from lighting and heating systems to motor control.

7
The module typically includes indicator LEDs for each relay channel, which light up
when the corresponding relay is activated. This visual feedback is useful for development
and troubleshooting, allowing users to quickly verify the operation of each relay. The
compact design of the magnetic 4-channel relay module makes it easy to incorporate into
various projects without requiring extensive space.

Furthermore, the module supports both active high and active low signals for relay
activation, offering greater flexibility in interfacing with different types of
microcontrollers and control systems. This adaptability, combined with the module's
durability and reliability, makes it an excellent choice for both hobbyists and
professionals looking to implement effective control over multiple high-power devices in
their projects.

Fig 4.4: Internal Circuit Diagram For 4 -Channel Relay Module

8
4.2 Software Requirement

Arduino BlueControl Application

Fig 4.5: Arduino BlueControl Application

The Arduino BlueControl application is essential for home automation systems, allowing
users to control various devices via Bluetooth. This application serves as the interface
between the user and the Arduino-based system, enabling seamless interaction and
control. The Arduino BlueControl platform is designed to work with Arduino boards and
Bluetooth modules, offering an easy and efficient way to manage home automation tasks.
The application allows users to control lights, fans, and other appliances with a simple
touch on their Android or iOS smartphones. The interface is user-friendly, providing
buttons for each connected device, making it straightforward to operate multiple devices
simultaneously.

The architecture of the Arduino BlueControl application includes the Arduino IDE for
programming, a Bluetooth module for communication, and the BlueControl app itself.
The app displays the status of connected devices, allowing users to turn devices on or off,
adjust settings, and monitor their performance in real-time. This system enhances
convenience and efficiency in home automation, making it a valuable tool for modern
smart homes. The integration of the Arduino IDE ensures that users can customize and
program their devices to suit their specific needs, while the Bluetooth module facilitates
wireless communication between the devices and the application.

9
In addition to controlling devices, the Arduino BlueControl application offers several
advanced features. Users can set up automated routines and schedules, ensuring that their
home automation system operates seamlessly without manual intervention. The
application also supports voice control through integration with virtual assistants like
Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa, providing an additional layer of convenience.
Security is another critical aspect of the Arduino BlueControl application, with encryption
and secure connections ensuring that user data and commands remain private and
protected. This comprehensive approach to home automation makes the Arduino
BlueControl application a versatile and reliable solution for modern smart homes.

Fig 4.6: Application Interface

10
4.3 Block Diagram

Fig 4.7: Block Diagram of Home Automation

The prototype of the proposed Arduino-based home automation system is depicted in

Figure 4.7 This system utilizes an Arduino Uno microcontroller, an HC-05 Bluetooth
module, a 4 Channel Relay Module, and the Arduino BlueControl mobile application to
enable wireless control of various home appliances. The mobile phone, equipped with the
Arduino BlueControl app, serves as the user interface, allowing users to send control
commands via Bluetooth. The HC-05 Bluetooth module facilitates wireless
communication between the mobile phone and the Arduino Uno, which acts as the central
microcontroller. Upon receiving commands from the mobile phone, the Arduino Uno
processes these commands and activates the corresponding relays on the 4 Channel Relay
Module to control high-power devices such as lights and fans. Each relay can switch the
connected devices on or off as instructed by the Arduino Uno. The appliances (denoted as
D1, D2, D3 in the diagram) are controlled through the relay module. The entire system is
powered by a 9V supply, with the relay module requiring an external 5V power source.
This setup effectively demonstrates how users can manage their home appliances
conveniently and efficiently through a user-friendly mobile application.

11
 Chapter 5

Methodology And Implementation

5.1 Methodology
1. System Architecture

a. Core Components:
• Arduino Uno: Acts as the central microcontroller for the home automation system,
controlling connected devices.
• HC-05 Bluetooth Module: Enables wireless communication between the Arduino Uno
and the user's smartphone for controlling home appliances.
• Channel Relay Module: Allows the Arduino to control high-power devices like lights,
ans, and other household appliances by switching them on and off.

b. Communication Networks:

• Bluetooth Communication: The HC-05 Bluetooth module provides reliable data

• transmission between the Arduino Uno and the user's smartphone, ensuring seamless
• control of home appliances.

c. User Interfaces:
• Mobile Applications: The Arduino BlueControl application on the user's smartphone
serves as the interface for controlling various home devices. Users can turn devices on
or off, adjust settings, and monitor their status in real-time.
2. Data Collection
a. Real-Time Monitoring:

• Relay Status: The Arduino Uno monitors the status of the relays connected to the
home appliances, ensuring they respond accurately to user commands.
• Bluetooth Communication: Data on device status and user commands are transmitted
from the Arduino Uno to the user's smartphone via the HC-05 Bluetooth module.
3. Data Transmission
• Data related to the status of home appliances and user commands are transmitted
to the user's smartphone through the HC-05 Bluetooth module.

12
4. User Interface Design
a. Mobile Applications:

• Arduino BlueControl Application: Develop a user-friendly interface for the Arduino

BlueControl app, allowing users to access and control home appliances. Features
include real-time status updates, control buttons for each device, and customizable
settings.
b. Web Portals:

• Administrative Dashboards: (If applicable) Create web-based dashboards for

administrators to manage the home automation system, view device analytics, and
monitor overall performance. This is especially useful for large-scale deployments in
residential complexes or smart buildings.
5. Scalability
• Design the system to scale with the increasing number of connected devices and users.
Ensure that the Arduino Uno and Bluetooth module can handle multiple devices and
user commands simultaneously without degradation in performance. Future-proof the
system by considering compatibility with additional relays and advanced home
automation features.
6.Additional Considerations
• Security:
Implement security measures for Bluetooth communication to protect against
unauthorized access.
Consider encryption and authentication mechanisms.
• Power Management:
Efficient power management can be crucial, especially if the system includes battery-
powered components.
• User Experience:
Regular updates to the mobile app can enhance the user experience by introducing
new features, improving performance, and addressing bugs.

13
5.2 Implementation:
1. Setting up Arduino IoT Cloud

• Install the Arduino BlueControl App: Download and install the Arduino
BlueControl Application from the app store on your smartphone.
• Pair the Bluetooth Module: Pair your HC-05 Bluetooth Module with your
smartphone via Bluetooth settings.

2. Configure the Application: Open the Arduino BlueControl Application and

configure it to communicate with the HC-05 module.

3. Connecting the Hardware

Components:

i. Arduino Uno

ii. HC-05 Bluetooth Module

iii. 4 Channel Relay Module

iv. Power supply

Wiring Diagram:

Fig 5.1: Connection Diagram of Home Automation

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Bluetooth Module (HC-05) Connections:
• VCC to Arduino 5V
• GND to Arduino GND
• TX to Arduino RX (Pin 0)
• RX to Arduino TX (Pin 1)
Relay Module Connections:
• IN1 to Arduino Digital Pin 2
• IN2 to Arduino Digital Pin 3
• IN3 to Arduino Digital Pin 4
• IN4 to Arduino Digital Pin 5
• VCC to Arduino 5V
• GND to Arduino GND
Power Supply:
• Power the Arduino Uno using a suitable power supply (e.g., USB connection or
external adapter).

4. Programming the Arduino Uno

• Install Required Libraries: Ensure the Arduino IDE is installed on your
computer. Install the SoftwareSerial library if it is not already included

Write and Upload the Code:

• Connect your Arduino Uno to your computer using a USB cable.

• Open the Arduino IDE and create a new sketch.
• Use the provided sample code to control the relays via Bluetooth using the HC-05
module.

Upload the Code:

• Select the correct board (Arduino Uno) and port from the Arduino IDE.
• Upload the code to your Arduino Uno.

Monitoring and Control

1. Set Up Bluetooth Communication:

• Pair your HC-05 Bluetooth Module with your smartphone.

• Use the Arduino BlueControl Application to send commands to the Arduino.

15
Control the Relays:

• Use the provided commands in the Arduino BlueControl Application to control the
relays.

5.3 Working:

Initialization and Setup

The initialization and setup phase of the Arduino-based home automation system is
crucial for configuring the necessary hardware and establishing communication protocols.
The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller as its central unit, connected to a 4-
channel relay module and an HC-05 Bluetooth module. The digital pins on the Arduino
are configured as outputs to control the relays, each corresponding to a different
appliance, such as lights or fans. For instance, if using pins D2 to D5, each pin controls
one relay, allowing the Arduino to send a HIGH or LOW signal to activate or deactivate
the connected device.

The HC-05 Bluetooth module is connected to the Arduino using the Software Serial
library, which facilitates communication over specific pins designated for RX (receive)
and TX (transmit) functions. This setup allows the Arduino to communicate wirelessly
with the user's smartphone, receiving commands to control the home appliances. The
communication is initialized at a standard baud rate of 9600 bps, ensuring reliable data
transfer between the devices. Additionally, the main serial port is used for debugging
purposes, providing a way to monitor the system's operation and troubleshoot any issues
that arise. During the setup phase, the Arduino initializes the serial communication for
both the Bluetooth module and the main serial port, and sets the necessary pin modes for
the relay control, preparing the system for real-time operation.

Cloud Dashboard and Visualization

The user interface for the home automation system is facilitated through the Arduino Blue
Control application, which runs on the user's smartphone. This application acts as a bridge
between the user and the Arduino, providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to control
and monitor connected appliances. The app features intuitive controls, such as buttons or
switches, that allow users to easily turn devices on or off. Real-time feedback is a key
feature of the system, as the application displays the current status of each relay,
indicating whether a particular appliance is active or inactive. This immediate visual
16
confirmation enhances the user experience by providing clear, actionable information
about the state of their home environment.

The application not only simplifies the control process but also serves as a diagnostic tool.
Through the serial monitor feature in the Arduino IDE, users can observe the commands
being sent from the smartphone to the Arduino and verify that the system is responding
correctly. This is particularly useful for debugging and ensuring that the hardware and
software are working in harmony. The serial monitor displays detailed logs of the
incoming commands and the system's responses, allowing users and developers to
identify and address any discrepancies or issues.

Fig 5.2: Build circuit

Main Loop Operation

In the main loop, the program continuously checks for incoming data from the HC-05
Bluetooth module. When a command is received, it is read and processed to control the
relays. Each relay corresponds to a different digital pin on the Arduino, allowing the user
to turn on or off the connected appliances. The program includes conditions to check the
received command and performs the appropriate action, such as turning on or off a
specificrelay. .

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 Chapter 6

Results And Analysis

6.1 Results

The implementation of an Arduino-based home automation system using an Arduino

Uno, HC-05 Bluetooth module, channel relay module, and the Arduino BlueControl
application has demonstrated significant enhancements in home automation efficiency
and user convenience. The system enables remote control of various household appliances
via a userfriendly mobile application, providing an effective and intuitive way for users to
manage their home environments.

Key results of the implementation include:

Enhanced Control and Flexibility: Users can control multiple home appliances such as
lights, fans, and other electrical devices directly from their smartphones using the Arduino
BlueControl application. This capability reduces the need for physical interaction with
switches and offers the convenience of managing devices from any location within
Bluetooth range.

2. Ease of Installation and Use: The system utilizes the HC-05 Bluetooth module for
wireless communication between the Arduino Uno and the user’s smartphone. The
installation process is straightforward, making it accessible even to individuals with
limited technical expertise. The channel relay module reliably controls high-power
devices, ensuring compatibility with various household appliances.

3. Cost-Effective Solution: The Arduino-based home automation system is cost-effective

compared to other commercial solutions. The components used, such as the Arduino Uno,
HC-05 Bluetooth module, and relay module, are relatively inexpensive and readily
available. This affordability makes home automation accessible to a wider audience.

4. Real-Time Control and Feedback: The system provides real-time control of appliances
with minimal latency due to the efficient Bluetooth communication protocol. Users
receive immediate feedback on the status of their devices, enhancing the overall user
experience. The Arduino BlueControl application offers a user-friendly interface,
18
displaying the current state of connected devices and allowing for quick and easy 15
adjustments.

5. Improved Energy Management: By enabling precise control over home appliances, the
system aids in better energy management. Users can easily turn off devices that are not in
use, potentially leading to energy savings and reduced utility bills. The convenience of
remote control encourages more mindful usage of electrical devices. 6. Scalability and
Customization: The system is highly scalable and can be customized to meet specific user
needs. Additional relays can be added to control more devices, and the Arduino sketch
can be modified to include advanced features such as scheduling and automation based on
predefined conditions. This flexibility ensures that the system can grow and adapt to
changing requirements.

Fig 6.1: Final product

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 Conclusion
The Arduino-based home automation system project successfully demonstrates how
simple and accessible technology can significantly enhance home management. By
utilizing an Arduino Uno, HC-05 Bluetooth module, channel relay module, and the
Arduino BlueControl application, the system provides users with convenient and efficient
control over household appliances. This remote-control capability, facilitated through a
user-friendly mobile application, offers a practical solution for managing home
environments.

Future Directions:

To further enhance the system, potential improvements could focus on:

• Advanced Features: Incorporating features such as scheduling, automation based
on sensors, and remote access via the internet.
• User Interface Enhancements: Refining the Arduino BlueControl application to
offer a more intuitive and customizable interface.
• Energy Monitoring: Adding capabilities to monitor and report energy usage,
helping users make more informed decisions about their energy consumption.
• Voice Control Integration: Integrating with voice assistants like Alexa or Google
Assistant for hands-free control.
• Scalability: Expanding the system to control a larger number of devices and
integrating additional sensors for more comprehensive home automation.

20
 References

[1] Designing and Implementation of Home Automation System Based on Remote

Sensing Technique with Arduino Uno Microcontroller. (2018, August 30). IEEE
Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8447984

[2] A Bluetooth based sophisticated home automation system using smartphone.

(2017, February 23). IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore.
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7859709

[3] BlueFlood:Concurrent Transmissions for Multi-hop Bluetooth 5-Modeling and

Evaluation. ( 2021, July 15). https://doi.org/10.1145/3462755

[4] A review of smart home applications based on Internet of Things by Mussab Alaa
and A.A. Zaidan | ScienceDirect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.08.017

[5] Smart Home automation system using the IR, bluetooth, GSM and android. IEEE
Conference Publication |IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8313770

[6] ARM based smart energy management system for a home automation| ScienceDirect.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2214785322027444

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 Appendix A
SOURCE CODE
char val;
void setup() {
pinMode(8, OUTPUT); // Set pin 8 as an output for Relay 1
pinMode(9, OUTPUT); // Set pin 9 as an output for Relay 2
pinMode(10, OUTPUT); // Set pin 10 as an output for Relay 3
Serial.begin(9600); // Begin serial communication at 9600 baud
// Initialize all relays to be off
digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
}
void loop() {
if (Serial.available()) {
val = Serial.read(); // Read the incoming byte
Serial.println(val); // Print the received value to the serial monitor
if (val == '1') {
digitalWrite(8, LOW); // Turn Relay 1 on
} else if (val == '2') {
digitalWrite(8, HIGH); // Turn Relay 1 off
} else if (val == '3') {
digitalWrite(9, LOW); // Turn Relay 2 on
} else if (val == '4') {
digitalWrite(9, HIGH); // Turn Relay 2 off
} else if (val == '5') {
digitalWrite(10, LOW); // Turn Relay 3 on
} else if (val == '6') {
digitalWrite(10, HIGH); // Turn Relay 3 off
}}}

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 Appendix B
Data Sheet of Arduino Uno:
ANALOG

Pin Function Type Description

1 NC NC Not connected
2 IOREF IOREF Reference for digital logic V - connected to
5V
3 Reset Reset Reset
4 +3V3 Power +3V3 Power Rail
5 +5V Power +5V Power Rail
6 GND Power Ground
7 GND Power Ground
8 VIN Power Voltage Input
9 A0 Analog/GPIO Analog input 0 /GPIO
10 A1 Analog/GPIO Analog input 1 /GPIO
11 A2 Analog/GPIO Analog input 2 /GPIO
12 A3 Analog/GPIO Analog input 3 /GPIO
13 A4/SDA Analog input/I2C Analog input 4/I2C Data line
14 A5/SCL Analog input/I2C Analog input 5/I2C Clock line

DIGITAL
Pin Function Type Description
1 D0 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 0/GPIO
2 D1 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 1/GPIO
3 D2 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 2/GPIO
4 D3 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 3/GPIO
5 D4 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 4/GPIO
6 D5 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 5/GPIO
7 D6 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 6/GPIO
8 D7 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 7/GPIO
9 D8 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 8/GPIO
10 D9 Digital/GPIO Digital pin 9/GPIO
11 SS Digital SPI Chip Select
12 MOSI Digital SPI1 Main Out Secondary In
13 MISO Digital SPI Main In Secondary Out
14 SCK Digital SPI serial clock output
15 GND Power Ground
16 AREF Digital Analog reference voltage
17 A4/SD4 Digital Analog input 4/I2C Data line (duplicated)
18 A5/SD5 Digital Analog input 5/I2C Clock line (duplicated)

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Data Sheet of HC-05 Bluetooth module

Pin Function Type Description

1 UART_TX CMOS output, Tri- UART Data output
stable with weak
internal pull-up
2 UART_RX CMOS input with UART Data input
weak internal pull-
down
3 UART_CT CMOS input with UART clear to send, active low
S weak internal pull-
down
4 UART_RT CMOS output, UART request to send, active low
S tristable with weak
internal pull-up
5 1V8 VDD Integrated 1.8V (+) supply with On-chip
linear regulator output within 1.7- 1.9V
6 GND VSS Ground pot

24
 Personal Profile

Prof. Sushma K H has received his Bachelor of

Engineering degree in Electronics and Communication
and M. Tech in VLSI design and embedded systems
from VTU University. Presently, she is working as an
assistant professor at SDM Institute of Technology,
Ujire, India. Her research interests include VLSI and
cyber security.
Mrs. Sushma K H
Asst. Prof. & Project Guide E-Mail: [email protected]

NAME: NISHANT .R. NAIK

USN No: 4SU21EC053
E-Mail id: [email protected]
Mobile no: 9036220629
Address: 4th cross Ajjikatta, Ankola, Uttara Kannada.

NAME: NAGAPRASAD AD
USN No: 4SU21EC050
E-Mail id: [email protected]
Mobile no: 6363512743
Address: Sadhunavar Estate, Dharwad

NAME: MANOJ M
USN No: 4SU21EC043
E-Mail id: [email protected]
Mobile no: 9353493657
Address: cs.road, Kundapura, Udupi.

25