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chapter10 herions formula

The document explains how to calculate the area of various types of triangles, including equilateral, isosceles, and scalene triangles using different methods such as Pythagoras' theorem and Heron's formula. It provides detailed formulas and examples for finding the height and area of these triangles. Additionally, it demonstrates how to apply Heron's formula to calculate the area of a quadrilateral by dividing it into two triangles.

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Sowmy B
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18 views

chapter10 herions formula

The document explains how to calculate the area of various types of triangles, including equilateral, isosceles, and scalene triangles using different methods such as Pythagoras' theorem and Heron's formula. It provides detailed formulas and examples for finding the height and area of these triangles. Additionally, it demonstrates how to apply Heron's formula to calculate the area of a quadrilateral by dividing it into two triangles.

Uploaded by

Sowmy B
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Altitude of an equilateral triangle

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Area of a Triangle

Area = (1/2) × base × height


In the case of equilateral and isosceles triangles, if the lengths of the sides of triangles
are given, we use Pythagoras’ theorem in order to find the height of a triangle.

Area of an Equilateral Triangle


Consider an equilateral ΔABC, with each side as a unit. Let AO be the perpendicular
bisector of BC. In order to derive the formula for the area of an equilateral triangle, we
need to find height AO.

Using Pythagoras’ theorem,


AC2 = OA2 + OC2
OA2 = AC2 − OC2
Substitute AC = a,OC = a/2 in the above equation.
OA2 = a2 − a2/4
OA = √3a/2

We know that the area of the triangle is:


A = (1/2) × base × height
A = (1/2) × a × (√3a/2)

∴ Area of Equilateral triangle = √3a2/4

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Area of an Isosceles Triangle
Consider an isosceles ΔABC with equal sides as a units and base as b units.

Isosceles triangle ABC

The height of the triangle can be found by Pythagoras’ Theorem :

⇒h2 = a2− (b2/4) = (4a2 – b2)/4


CD2 = AC2 − AD2

⇒h =(1/2) √(4a2 – b2)

∴ A = (1/2) × b × (1/2)√(4a2 – b2)


Area of triangle is A = (1/2)bh

∴ A = (1/4) × b × √(4a2 – b2)

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Area of a Triangle – By Heron’s formula
Area of a ΔABC, given sides a, b, c by Heron’s formula (also known as Hero’s
Formula) is:

Triangle ABC

Find semi perimeter (s) = (a + b + c)/2

Area = √[s(s – a)(s – b)(s – c)]

This formula is helpful in finding the area of a scalene triangle, given the lengths of all its
sides.

To know more about Heron’s Formula, visit here.

Area of Any Polygon – By Heron’s formula


For a quadrilateral, when one of its diagonal values and the sides are given, the area
can be calculated by splitting the given quadrilateral into two triangles and
using Heron’s formula.

Example: A park, in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD, has ∠C=90∘, AB = 9 cm,


BC = 12 cm, CD = 5 cm and AD = 8 cm. How much area does it occupy?

⇒We draw the figure according to the information given.

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The figure can be split into 2 triangles ΔBCD and ΔABD
From ΔBCD, we can find BD (Using Pythagoras’ Theorem)
BD2 = 122 + 52 = 169
BD = 13cm
Semi-perimeter for ΔBCD S1 = (12 + 5 + 13)/2 = 15

Semi-perimeter ΔABD S2 = (9 + 8 + 13)/2 = 15

Using Heron’s formula A1 and A2 will be:

A1 = √[15(15 – 12)(15 – 5)(15 – 13)]

A1 = √(15 × 3 × 10 × 2 )
A1 =√900 = 30 cm2
Similarly,

A2 will be 35.49 cm2.


The area of the quadrilateral ABCD = A1 + A2 = 65.49 cm2

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