S.

PRANOV, IX

Revision Notes on Lines and Angles

Basic terms and Definitions
1. Point - A Point is that which has no component. It is represented by a dot.
2. Line - When we join two distinct points then we get a line. A line has no
endpoints it can be extended infinitely.
3. Line Segment - It is the part of the line which has two endpoints.
4. Ray - Ray is also a part of the line which has only one endpoint and has no end
on the other side.

5. Collinear and Non-collinear points – Points lie on the same line are known
as collinear points and the points that don't lie on the same line are known
as Non-Collinear Points.

Angles
When two rays begin from the same endpoint then they form an Angle. The two
rays are the arms of the angle and the endpoint is the vertex of the angle.
Types of Angles
Angle Notation Image

Acute An angle which is between 0° and 90°.

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 Right An angle which is exactly equal to 90°.

Obtuse An angle which is between 90° and 180°.

Reflex An angle which is between 180° and 360°

Straight An angle which is exactly equal to 180°.

Complete An angle which is exactly equal to 360°.

Complementary and Supplementary Angles

Complementary Angles are those which have the sum of two angles as 90°.

Supplementary Angles are those which have the sum of two angles as 180°.

Relation between two Angles

Angles Relation Image

Adjacent Angles If two angles have the same

vertex and their one of the
arm is common then these
are called adjacent angles.

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 If two angles have the same
vertex and one common arm
Linear pair of but the arms which are not
Angles common are making a line
then these are called the
linear pair of angles.

If two lines intersect each

Vertically other at a point then the
opposite Angles opposite angles are vertically
opposite angles.

Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines

There are two ways to draw two lines-

1. The lines which cross each other from a particular point is called Intersecting
Lines.
2. The lines which never cross each other at any point are called Non-
intersecting Lines. These lines are called Parallel Lines and the common
length between two lines is the distance between parallel lines.

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Pairs of Angles Axioms
1. If a ray stands on a line, then the sum of two adjacent angles formed
by that ray is 180°.

This shows that the common arm of the two angles is the ray which is
standing on a line and the two adjacent angles are the linear pair of the
angles. As the sum of two angles is 180° so these are supplementary angles
too.

2. If the sum of two adjacent angles is 180°, then the arms which are not
common of the angles form a line.
This is the reverse of the first axiom which says that the opposite is also
true.

Vertically opposite Angles Theorem

When two lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles so formed
will be equal.

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AC and BD are intersecting each other so ∠AOD = ∠BOC and ∠AOB = DOC.

Parallel Lines and a Transversal

If a line passes through two distinct lines and intersects them at distant points
then this line is called Transversal Line.
Here line “l” is transversal of line m and n.

Exterior Angles - ∠1, ∠2, ∠7 and ∠8

Interior Angles - ∠3, ∠4, ∠5 and ∠6
Pairs of angles formed when a transversal intersects two lines-

1. Corresponding Angles :
 ∠ 1 and ∠ 5
 ∠ 2 and ∠ 6
 ∠ 4 and ∠ 8
 ∠ 3 and ∠ 7

2. Alternate Interior Angles :

 ∠ 4 and ∠ 6
 ∠ 3 and ∠ 5

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3. Alternate Exterior Angles:
 ∠ 1 and ∠ 7
 ∠ 2 and ∠ 8

4. Interior Angles on the same side of the transversal:

 ∠ 4 and ∠ 5
 ∠ 3 and ∠ 6

Transversal Axioms

1. If a transversal intersects two parallel

lines, then
 Each pair of corresponding angles will be equal.
 Each pair of alternate interior angles will be equal.
 Each pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal will be
supplementary.

2. If a transversal intersects two lines in such a way that

 Corresponding angles are equal then these two lines will be parallel to each
other.
 Alternate interior angles are equal then the two lines will be parallel.
 Interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary then the
two lines will be parallel.

Example
Find ∠DGH.

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Solution
Here, AB ∥ CD and EH is transversal.

∠EFB + ∠BFG = 180° (Linear pair)

∠BFG = 180°- 133°

∠BFG = 47°

∠BFG =∠DGH (Corresponding Angles)

∠DGH = 47°

Lines Parallel to the Same Line

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If two lines are parallel with a common line then these two lines will also be
parallel to each other.

As in the above figure if AB ∥ CD and EF ∥ CD then AB ∥ EF.

Angle Sum Property of a Triangle

1. The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180º.

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

2. If we produce any side of a triangle, then the exterior angle formed is equal to
the sum of the two interior opposite angles.

∠BCD = ∠BAC + ∠ABC

Example
Find x and y.

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Solution
Here, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° (Angle sum property)

30°+ 42° + x = 180°

x = 180°- (30° + 42°)

x = 108°

And y is the exterior angle and the two opposite angles are ∠A and ∠B.

So,

∠BCD = ∠A + ∠B (Exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite
angles).

y = 30°+ 42°

y = 72°

We can also find it by linear pair axiom as BC is a ray on the line AD, so

x + y = 180° (linear pair)

Basic Concepts and Important Points

1. Two angles are called adjacent angles if
(a) they have the same vertex.
(b) they have a common arm and
(c) uncommon arms are on either side of the common arm.
2. Two adjacent angles are said to form a linear pair of angles, if their non-common
arms are two opposite rays.
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3. The sum of all the angles round a point is equal to 360°.
4. If two lines intersect, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.
5. A line which intersects two or more given lines at distinct points, is called
a transversal of the lines.
6. Two angles on the same side of a transversal are known as corresponding
angles if both lie either above the two lines or below the two lines.
7. The pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal are
called consecutive interior angles.
8. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of corresponding
angles are equal.
9. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior
angles are equal.
10. If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of consecutive
interior angles are supplementary.
11. A triangle whose sides are unequal, is called a scalene triangle.
12. A triangle, two of whose sides are equal in length, is called an isosceles
triangle.
13. A triangle, all of whose sides are equal is called an equilateral triangle.
14. A triangle, each of whose angle is less than 90°, is called an acute triangle.
15. A triangle with one of its angle 90°, is called a right triangle.
16. A triangle with one of its angle greater than 90°, is known’s an obtuse triangle.
17. If a side of a triangle is produced, the exterior angle so formed is equal to the
sum of two interior opposite angles.
18. If all sides of a polygon are equal, it is called a regular polygon.
19. Sum of all the interior angles of a polygon of n sides = (n – 2) × 180°, (n ≥ 3)

20. Each interior angle of a regular polygon on n sides

21. Sum of all the exterior angles formed by producing the sides of polygon = 360°
22. Number of sides of polygon

23. Reflex angle: An angle whose measure is more than 180� but less than 360�,
is called reflex angle.
24. The sum of angles forming a linear-pair is 180�.
25. Supplementary Angles: If the sum of two angles is 180�, these angles are
called supplementary angles.
26. Complementary Angles: If the sum of two angles is 90�, then these angles are
called complementary angles.

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Important Questions & Solutions For Class 9 Chapter 6 (Lines and Angles)
Q.1: In the figure, lines AB and CD intersect at O. If ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and
∠BOD = 40°, find ∠BOE and reflex ∠COE.

Solution:

∠AOC, ∠BOE, ∠COE and ∠COE, ∠BOD, ∠BOE form a straight line each.
From the given figure, we can see;

So, ∠AOC + ∠BOE +∠COE = ∠COE +∠BOD + ∠BOE = 180°

Now, by substituting the values of ∠AOC + ∠BOE = 70° and ∠BOD = 40° we get:

∠COE = 110°
70° +∠COE = 180°

110° + 40° + ∠BOE = 180°

Similarly,

∠BOE = 30°
Q.2: In the Figure, lines XY and MN intersect at O. If ∠POY = 90° and a : b = 2 : 3,
find c.

Solution:
As we know, the sum of the linear pair is always equal to 180°

∠POY + a + b = 180°
So,

Substituting the value of ∠POY = 90° (as given in the question) we get,
a + b = 90°
Now, it is given that a : b = 2 : 3 so,

∴ 2x + 3x = 90°
Let a be 2x and b be 3x.

Solving this we get

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5x = 90°

∴ a = 2 × 18° = 36°
So, x = 18°

Similarly, b can be calculated and the value will be

b = 3 × 18° = 54°
From the diagram, b + c also forms a straight angle so,
b + c = 180°

∴ c = 126°
=> c + 54° = 180°

another ray lying between rays OP and OR. Prove that ∠ROS = 1/2(∠QOS –
Q.3: In the Figure, POQ is a line. Ray OR is perpendicular to line PQ. OS is

∠POS).

In the question, it is given that (OR ⊥ PQ) and ∠POQ = 180°

Solution:

So, ∠POS + ∠ROS + ∠ROQ = 180° (Linear pair of angles)

Now, ∠POS + ∠ROS = 180° – 90° (Since ∠POR = ∠ROQ = 90°)
∴ ∠POS + ∠ROS = 90°
Now, ∠QOS = ∠ROQ + ∠ROS
It is given that ∠ROQ = 90°,
∴ ∠QOS = 90° + ∠ROS
Or, ∠QOS – ∠ROS = 90°
As ∠POS + ∠ROS = 90° and ∠QOS – ∠ROS = 90°, we get
∠POS + ∠ROS = ∠QOS – ∠ROS
=>2 ∠ROS + ∠POS = ∠QOS
Or, ∠ROS = ½ (∠QOS – ∠POS) (Hence proved).
Q.4: It is given that ∠XYZ = 64° and XY is produced to point P. Draw a figure from
the given information. If ray YQ bisects ∠ZYP, find ∠XYQ and reflex ∠QYP.
Solution:

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So, ∠XYZ +∠ZYP = 180°
Here, XP is a straight line

substituting the value of ∠XYZ = 64° we get,

∴ ∠ZYP = 116°
64° +∠ZYP = 180°

From the diagram, we also know that ∠ZYP = ∠ZYQ + ∠QYP

Now, as YQ bisects ∠ZYP,
∠ZYQ = ∠QYP
Or, ∠ZYP = 2∠ZYQ
∴ ∠ZYQ = ∠QYP = 58°
Again, ∠XYQ = ∠XYZ + ∠ZYQ
By substituting the value of ∠XYZ = 64° and ∠ZYQ = 58° we get.
∠XYQ = 64° + 58°
Or, ∠XYQ = 122°
Now, reflex ∠QYP = 180° + ∠XYQ
We computed that the value of ∠XYQ = 122°. So,
∠QYP = 180° + 122°
∴ ∠QYP = 302°
Q.5: In the Figure, if AB || CD, EF ⊥ CD and ∠GED = 126°, find ∠AGE, ∠GEF and
∠FGE.

Solution:

It is given that ∠GED = 126°

Since AB || CD GE is a transversal.

So, ∠GED = ∠AGE = 126° (alternate interior angles)

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∠GED = ∠GEF + ∠FED
Also,

EF ⊥ CD, ∠FED = 90°

As

∴ ∠GED = ∠GEF + 90°

Or, ∠GEF = 126° – 90° = 36°
Again, ∠FGE + ∠GED = 180° (Transversal)
Substituting the value of ∠GED = 126° we get,
∠FGE = 54°

∠AGE = 126°
So,

∠GEF = 36° and

∠FGE = 54°
Q.6: In the Figure, if PQ || ST, ∠PQR = 110° and ∠RST = 130°, find ∠QRS.
[Hint: Draw a line parallel to ST through point R.]

Solution:
First, construct a line XY parallel to PQ.

So, ∠PQR + ∠QRX = 180°

As we know, the angles on the same side of the transversal are equal to 180°.

∴ ∠QRX = 70°
Or,∠QRX = 180° – 110°

∠RST + ∠SRY = 180°

Similarly,

Or, ∠SRY = 180° – 130°

∴ ∠SRY = 50°
Now, for the linear pairs on the line XY-

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∠QRX + ∠QRS + ∠SRY = 180°

∠QRS = 180° – 70° – 50°

Substituting their respective values we get,

Or, ∠QRS = 60°

Q.7: In Fig. 6.33, PQ and RS are two mirrors placed parallel to each other. An
incident ray AB strikes the mirror PQ at B, the reflected ray moves along the path
BC and strikes the mirror RS at C and again reflects back along CD. Prove that
AB || CD.

First, draw two lines BE and CF such that BE ⊥ PQ and CF ⊥ RS.

Solution:

Now, since PQ || RS,

So, BE || CF

BE and CF are normals between the incident ray and reflected ray.
As we know,
Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection (By the law of reflection)

∠1 = ∠2 and
So,

∠3 = ∠4

Here, BE ⊥ CF and the transversal line BC cuts them at B and C.

We also know that alternate interior angles are equal.

So, ∠2 = ∠3 (As they are alternate interior angles)

Now, ∠1 + ∠2 = ∠3 + ∠4
Or, ∠ABC = ∠DCB
So, AB ∥ CD (alternate interior angles are equal)

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Q.8: In Fig. 6.40, ∠X = 62°, ∠XYZ = 54°. If YO and ZO are the bisectors of ∠XYZ
and ∠XZY respectively of Δ XYZ, find ∠OZY and ∠YOZ.

Solution:

So, ∠X +∠XYZ + ∠XZY = 180°

As we know, the sum of the interior angles of the triangle is 180°.

62° + 54° + ∠XZY = 180°

substituting the values as given in the question we get,

Or, ∠XZY = 64°

∠OZY = ½ ∠XZY
Now, As we know, ZO is the bisector so,

∴ ∠OZY = 32°

∠OYZ = ½ ∠XYZ
Similarly, YO is a bisector and so,

Or, ∠OYZ = 27° (As ∠XYZ = 54°)

∠OZY +∠OYZ + ∠O = 180°

Now, as the sum of the interior angles of the triangle,

∠O = 180° – 32° – 27°

Substituting their respective values we get,

Or, ∠O = 121°
Q.9: In the figure, if AB || CD || EF, PQ || RS, ∠RQD = 25° and ∠CQP = 60°, then
find ∠QRS.

Solution:

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According to the given figure, we have
AB || CD || EF

∠RQD = 25°
PQ || RS

∠CQP = 60°
PQ || RS.
As we know,
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate exterior angles is
equal.

⇒ ∠PQC = ∠BRS
Now, since, PQ || RS

We have ∠PQC = 60°

⇒ ∠BRS = 60° … eq.(i)
We also know that,
If a transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is
equal.

⇒ ∠DQR = ∠QRA
Now again, since, AB || CD

We have ∠DQR = 25°

⇒ ∠QRA = 25° … eq.(ii)
Using linear pair axiom,

∠ARS + ∠BRS = 180°

We get,

⇒ ∠ARS = 180° – ∠BRS

⇒ ∠ARS = 180° – 60° (From (i), ∠BRS = 60°)
⇒ ∠ARS = 120° … eq.(iii)
Now, ∠QRS = ∠QRA + ∠ARS

∠QRA = 25° and ∠ARS = 120°

From equations (ii) and (iii), we have,

∠QRS = 25° + 120°

Hence, the above equation can be written as:

⇒ ∠QRS = 145°

In the given figure, if AB || CD || EF, PQ || RS, ∠RQD = 25° and ∠CQP = 60°, then
Question 1.

∠QRS is equal to

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(A) 85°
(B) 135°
(C) 145°
(D) 110°
Solution:

PQ || RS ⇒ PX || RS
(C): Produced PQ to X which intersect AB at Y.

∵ AB || CD and PX is transversal
∠CQP + ∠AYX = 180° [Co-exterior angles]
⇒ 60° + ∠AYX = 180°
⇒ ∠AYX = 180° – 60°
⇒ ∠AYX = 120°
∵ PX || RS and AB is transversal
∠YRS = ∠AYX [Corresponding angles]
⇒ ∠YRS = 120° …(i)

∠YRQ = ∠RQD [Alternate interior angles]

and AB || CD and RQ is transversal

⇒ ∠YRQ = 25° …(ii)

Now, ∠SRQ = ∠SRY + ∠YRQ
⇒ ∠SRQ = 120° + 25° [From (i) and (ii)]
⇒ ∠SRQ = 145°

Question 2.
If one angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the other two angles, then the
triangle is
(A) an isosceles triangle
(B) an obtuse triangle
(C) an equilateral triangle
(D) a right triangle

(D): Let the angles of a ∆ABC be ∠A, ∠B and ∠C.

Solution:

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We have given, ∠A = ∠B + ∠C …(i)
In ∆ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° …(ii)
[Angle sum property of a triangle]

∠A + ∠A = 180°
From (i) and (ii),

⇒ 2∠A = 180°
⇒ ∠A = 90°
Hence, the triangle is a right triangle.

Question 3.
An exterior angle of a triangle is 105° and its two interior opposite angles are
equal. Each of these equal angles is

Solution:

∵ Exterior angle
(B) : Let one of the interior opposite angle of a triangle be x.

∴ x + x = 105° [ ∵ Exterior angle = 105° and two interior opposite angles are equal]
= sum of two opposite interior angles

⇒ 2x = 105° ⇒ x = 5212°.
Thus, each of the required angles of a triangle 5212°.
Question 4.
The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 5 : 3 : 7. The triangle is
(A) an acute angled triangle
(B) an obtuse angled triangle
(C) a right triangle
(D) an isosceles triangle
Solution:

Let angles of a triangle be ∠A, ∠B and ∠C, where ∠A = 5x, ∠B = 3x and ∠C = 7x

(A): We have given, the ratio of angles of a triangle is 5 : 3 : 7.

Now in ∆ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

∴ 5x + 3x + 7x = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ 15x = 180°
So, ∠A = 5 × 12° = 60°, ∠B = 3 × 12° = 36° and ∠C = 7 × 12° = 84°
∵ All angles are less than 90°, hence the triangle is an acute angled triangle.

Question 5.
If one of the angles of a triangle is 130°, then the angle between the bisectors of
the other two angles can be
(A) 50°
(B) 65°

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(C) 145°
(D) 155°

(D) : Let angles of a triangle be ∠A, ∠B and ∠C, where ∠A = 130°

Solution:

Question 6.
In the given figure, POQ is a line. The value of x is

(A) 20°

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(B) 25°
(C) 30°
(D) 35°
Solution:
(A) :

∴ ∠POQ = 180°
Since, POQ is a line segment.

⇒ ∠POA + ∠AOB + ∠Solution:Q = 180°

⇒ 40° + 4x + 3x = 180°
⇒ 7x = 180° – 40° ⇒ 7x = 140° ⇒ x = 20°

In the given figure, if OP || RS, ∠OPQ = 110° and ∠QRS = 130°, then ∠PQR is
Question 7.

equal to

(A) 40°
(B) 50°
(C) 60°
(D) 70°
Solution:
(C) : Draw a line EF parallel to RS through point Q

∵ OP || RS [Given]
⇒ EF || RS [Construction]
∴ OP || EF and PQ is a transversal
⇒ ∠OPQ = ∠PQF [Alternate interior angles]
⇒ ∠PQF = 110° [ ∵ ∠OPQ = 110°]
⇒ ∠PQR + ∠RQF = 110° … (i)

⇒ ∠QRS + ∠RQF = 180° [Co-interior angles]

Now, RS || EF and RQ is a transversal

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⇒ 130° + ∠RQF = 180°
⇒ ∠RQF = 180° – 130° = 50°

⇒ ∠PQR + 50° = 110°

Now from (i), we have

⇒ ∠PQR = 110° – 50°

⇒ ∠PQR = 60°

Question 8.
Angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 3. The smallest angle of the triangle is
(A) 60°
(B) 40°
(C) 80°
(D) 20°
Solution:

Let the angles of a triangle be ∠A, ∠B and ∠C, where ∠A = 2x, ∠B = 4x and ∠C = 3x
(B) : We have given, the ratio of angles of a triangle is 2 : 4 : 3.

Now in ∆ ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

⇒ 2x + 4x + 3x = 180°
[Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ 9x = 180° ⇒ x = 20°
∠A = 2 × 20° = 40°, ∠B = 4 × 20° = 80° and ∠C = 3 × 20° = 60°
Thus, the smallest angle of the triangle is 40°.

NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths Chapter Exercise 6.2

Question 1.
For what value of x + y in the given figure will ABC be a line? Justify your answer.

Solution:
For ABC to be a line, the sum of the two adjacent angles must be 180° i.e., x + y = 180°.

Question 2.
Can a triangle have all angles less than 60°? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
No, because if all angles will be less than 60°, then their sum will not be equal to 180°
and that will not be a triangle.

Question 3.
Can a triangle have two obtuse angles? Give reason for your answer.

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Solution:
No, because if two angles will be more than 90°, then the sum of angles will not be
equal to 180°.

Question 4.
How many triangles can be drawn having its angles as 45°, 64° and 72°? Given
reason for your answer.
Solution:
The sum of given angles = 45° + 64° + 72° = 181° * 180°.
Thus the sum of all three angles is not equal to 180°. So, no triangle can be drawn with
the given angles.

Question 5.
How many triangles can be drawn having its angles as 53°, 64° and 63°? Give
reason for your answer.
Solution:
Since, the sum of given angles = 53°+ 64° + 63° = 180°
Thus, we see that the sum of all interior angles of a triangle is 180°. So, we can draw
many triangles of the given angles with different sides. Hence, infinitely many triangles
can be drawn.

Question 6.
In the given figure, find the value of x for which the lines l and m are parallel.

Solution:

∴ x + 44° = 180° [Co-interior angles]

We have given, l || m and a transversal line n,

⇒ x = 180° – 44° ⇒ x = 136°

Question 7.
Two adjacent angles are equal. Is it necessary that each of these angles will lie a
right angle? Justify your answer.
Solution:
No, because each of the two adjacent angles will be right angles only if they will form a
linear pair.

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Question 8.
If one of the angles formed by two intersecting lines is a right angle, what can you
say about the other three angles? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:

Let ∠AOC = 90°

Let two lines AB and CD intersect each other at a right angle.

∠AOC + ∠AOD = 180° [Linear pair]

⇒ ∠AOD = 180° – 90° = 90°
Now, ∠COA = ∠DOB = 90°

and ∠AOD = ∠COB = 90°

[Vertically opposite angles]

[Vertically opposite angles]

Hence, each of the other three angles are right angles.

Question 9.
In the given figure, which of the two lines are parallel and why?

Solution:
Left side figure shows the sum of two interior angles = 132° + 48° = 180° because the
sum of two interior angles on the same side of a transversal line n is 180°, thus l ||m.
Right side figure shows the sum of two interior angles = 73° + 106° = 179° ≠ 180°
because the sum of two interior angles on the same side of a transversal line r is not
equal to 180°, thus p is not parallel to q.

Question 10.
Two lines l and m are perpendicular to the same line n. Are l and m perpendicular
to each other? Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
No

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∴ ∠1 = ∠2 = 90°
Given that the lines l and m are perpendicular to the line n.

This shows that the corresponding angles are equal.

Thus, l || m.

NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths Chapter Exercise 6.3

In the given figure, OD is the bisector of ∠AOC, OE is the bisector of ∠BOC and
Question 1.

OD ⊥ OE. Show that the points A, O and B are collinear.

Since, OD and OE bisects ∠AOC and ∠BOC, respectively.

Solution:

∴ ∠AOC = 2∠DOC …(i)

and ∠COB = 2 ∠COE …(ii)

∠AOC + ∠COB = 2 ∠DOC + 2 ∠COE

On adding (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ ∠AOC + ∠COB = 2 (∠DOC + ∠COE)

⇒ ∠AOC + ∠COB = 2 ∠DOE
⇒ ∠AOC + ∠COB = 2 × 90° [∵ OD ⊥ OE]
⇒ ∠AOC + ∠COB = 180°
As, adjacent angles ∠AOC and ∠COB form a linear pair.
∴ AOB is a straight line.
Thus, points A, O and B are collinear.

In the given figure, ∠1 = 60° and ∠6 = 120°. Show that the lines m and n are
Question 2.

parallel.

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We have ∠1 = 60° and ∠6 = 120°
Solution:

∠1 = ∠3 = 60° [Vertically opposite angles]

Now, ∠3 + ∠6 = 60° + 120°
⇒ ∠3 + ∠6 = 180°
Since the above shows that the sum of two interior angles on same side of a transversal
line l is 180°, thus m || n

Question 3.
AP and BQ are the bisectors of the two alternate interior angles formed by the
intersection of a transversal t with parallel lines l and m (in the given figure).
Show that AP || BQ.

Solution:

∴ ∠EAB = ∠ABH [Alternate interior angles]

Since, l || m and t is a transversal line.

⇒ ∠PAB = ∠ABQ
[On dividing Solution:th sides by 2]

[∵ AP and BQ are the bisectors of ∠EAB and ∠ABH] Since, ∠PAB and ∠ABQ are
alternate interior angles formed by lines AP and BQ and transversal AB. Thus, AP || BQ.

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Question 4.
If in the given figure, bisectors AP and BQ of the alternate interior angles are
parallel, then show that l || m.

Since, AP || BQ and t is a transversal, therefore, ∠PAB = ∠ABQ

Solution:

⇒ 2 ∠PAB = 2 ∠ABQ
[Alternate interior angles]

[On multiplying both sides by 2]

⇒ ∠CAB = ∠ABF [ ∵ AP and BQ are the bisectors of ∠CAB and ∠ABF]

Since, ∠CAB and ∠ABF are alternate interior angles formed by lines l and m and
transversal t. Thus, l || m.

In given figure, BA || ED and BC || EF. Show that ∠ABC = ∠DEF.

Question 5.

[Hint: Produce DE to intersect BC at P (say)].

Solution:
Let us produce DE, which meets BC at P.

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Since BA || ED ⇒ BA || DP
∴ ∠ABP = ∠EPC [Corresponding angles]
or ∠ABC = ∠EPC …(i)

∴ ∠DEF = ∠EPC …(ii)

Again, BC || EF or PC || EF

∠ABC = ∠DEF
[Corresponding angles] From (i) and (ii), we get

In the given figure, BA || ED and BC || EF. Show that ∠ABC + ∠DEF = 180°.
Question 6.

Solution:
Let us produce FE, which meets AB at P.

BC || EF ⇒ BC || PF
∴ ∠EPB + ∠PBC = 180° …(i)
[Co-interior angles]

∴ ∠EPB = ∠DEF …(ii)

Now, AB || ED and PF is a transversal.

[Corresponding angles]

∠DEF + ∠PBC = 180°

From (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ ∠ABC + ∠DEF = 180° [ ∵ ∠PBC = ∠ABC]

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In the given figure, DE || QR and AP and BP are bisectors of ∠EAB and ∠RBA,
Question 7.

respectively. Find ∠APB.

Solution:

∴ ∠EAB + ∠RBA = 180° (Co-interior angles)

DE || QR and AB is a transversal

∵ AP and BP are the bisectors of ∠EAB and ∠RBA, respectively.

[On dividing both sides by 2]

⇒ ∠BAP + ∠ABP = 90° …(ii)

Using these in (i), we have

In ∆APB, ∠BAP + ∠ABP + ∠APB = 180°

⇒ 90° + ∠APB = 180° [From (ii)]

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠APB = 90°

Question 8.
The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4. Find the angles of the triangle.
Solution:
Let the angles of a triangle be 2x, 3x and 4x. Since sum of all angles of a triangle is

∴ 2x + 3x + 4x = 180°
180°.

∴ The required three angles are 2 × 20° = 40°, 3 × 20° = 60° and 4 × 20° = 80°.

A triangle ABC is right angled at A. L is a point on BC such that AL ⊥ BC. Prove

Question 9.

that ∠BAL = ∠ACB.

Solution:

∠BAC = ∠ALB [Each 90°]…(i)

In ∆ABC and ∆ALB,

and ∠ABC = ∠ABL [Common angle]…(ii)

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∠BAC + ∠ABC = ∠ALB + ∠ABL …(iii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get

∠BAC + ∠ACB + ∠ABC = 180°

Again, in ∆ABC,

= ∠BAC + ∠ABC = 180° – ∠ACB …(iv)

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

∠ABL + ∠ALB + ∠BAL = 180°

In ∆ABE,

⇒ ∠ABL + ∠ALB = 180° – ∠BAL …(v)

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

180° – ∠ACB = 180° – ∠BAL

On substituting the values from (iv) and (v) in (iii), we get

⇒ ∠ACB = ∠BAL

Question 10.
Two lines are respectively perpendicular to two parallel lines. Show that they are
parallel to each other.
Solution:
Let two lines m and n are parallel and p and q are respectively perpendicular to m and

Since, p ⊥ m ⇒ ∠1 = 90° …(i)

n.

Also, q ⊥ m ⇒ ∠2 = 90° …(ii)

[Since, m || n and q ⊥ n ⇒ q ⊥ m]

From (i) and (ii), we have

As p and q are two lines and m is transversal. Also corresponding angles ∠1 and ∠2
Z1 = Z2 = 90°

are equal.
Thus, p || q.

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NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths Chapter Exercise 6.4
Question 1.
If two lines intersect, prove that the vertically opposite angles are equal.
Solution:
Let the two lines AB and CD intersect at a point O.

∴ ∠AOC + ∠AOD = 180° [Linear pair]…(i)

Since, ray OA stands on line CD.

∠AOD + ∠AOD = 180° [Linear pair] …(ii)

Since, ray OD stands on line AB.

∠AOC + ∠AOD = ∠AOD + ∠BOD

From (i) and (ii), we get

⇒ ∠AOC + ∠BOD
So, vertically opposite angles ∠AOC and ∠BOD are equal.

∴ ∠DOB + ∠BOC = 180° [Linear pair] …(iii)

Also, ray OB stands on line CD.

∠AOD + ∠BOD = ∠DOB + ∠BOC

From (ii) and (iii), we get

⇒ ∠AOD = ∠BOC
Thus, vertically opposite angles ∠AOD and ∠BOC are equal.

Bisectors of interior ∠B and exterior ∠ACD of a ∆ABC intersect at the point T.

Question 2.

∠BTC= 12∠BAC.
Prove that

In ∆ABC, produce BC to D and the bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠ACD meet at point T.
Solution:

∠ACD = ∠ABC + ∠CAB

In ∆ABC,

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[Exterior angle property of a triangle]

Question 3.
A transversal intersects two parallel lines. Prove that the bisectors of any pair of
corresponding angles so formed are parallel.
Solution:

respectively. Also, let EP and FQ are the bisectors of corresponding angles ∠APG and
Let AB and CD are two parallel lines and intersected by a transversal GH at P and Q,

∠CQP, respectively.

⇒ ∠APG = ∠CQP [Corresponding angles]AAAAAS

Since AB || CD

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⇒ ∠EPG = ∠FQP
[On dividing both sides by 2]

[∵ EP and FQ are the bisectors of ∠APG and ∠CQP, respectively]

As, these are the corresponding angles made by the lines EP and FQ and transversal
line GH.
EP || FQ

Question 4.
Prove that through a given point, we can draw only one perpendicular to a given
line.
[Hint: Use proof by contradiction].
Solution:
Let a line l and a point P.

Also let m and n are two lines passing through P and perpendicular to l.

∠A + ∠P + ∠B = 180°
In ∆APB,

⇒ 90° + ∠P + 90° = 180°

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

⇒ ∠P = 180°- 180°
⇒ ∠P = 0°
∴ Lines n and m coincide.
Thus, only one perpendicular line can be drawn through a given point on a given line.

Question 5.
Prove that two lines that are respectively perpendicular to two intersecting lines
intersect each other.
[Hint: Use proof by contradiction].
Solution:
Let lines l and m are two intersecting lines. Again, let n and p be another two lines which
are perpendicular to m and l respectively.

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Let us assume that lines n and p are not intersecting, that means they are parallel to
each other i.e., n||p …(i)

But from (i), n || p ⇒ l || m, which shows a contradiction.

Since, lines n and p are perpendicular to m and l, respectively.

So, our assumption was wrong.

Thus lines n and p intersect at a point.

Question 6.
Prove that a triangle must have atleast two acute angles.
Solution:
Let ∆ABC is a triangle.

∴ ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° …(i)
We know that, the sum of all three angles is 180°.

Let us consider the following cases.

Suppose two angles ∠B = 90° and ∠C = 90°

Case I: When two angles are 90°.

∠A + 90° + 90° = 180°

So from (i), we get

⇒ ∠A = 180° -180° = 0
Thus, no triangle is possible.

Suppose ∠B and ∠C are obtuse angles.

Case II: When two angles are obtuse.

From (i), we get ∠A = 180° – (∠B + ∠C)

[ ∵ ∠B + ∠C = more than 90° + more than 90°]

= 180° – (greater than 180°)

⇒ ∠A = negative angle, which is not possible,

Thus, no triangle is possible.

Suppose ∠B = 90°.
Case III: When one angle is 90°.

From (i), ∠A + ∠B + ∠C= 180°

⇒ ∠A + ∠C = 180° – 90° = 90°
So, sum of other two angles are 90°, Hence, both angles are acute.

Case IV: When two angles are acute, then sum of two angles is less than 180°, so that
the third angle may be acute or obtuse.
Thus, a triangle must have atleast two acute angles.

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In the given figure, ∠Q > ∠R, PA is the bisector of ∠QPR and PM ⊥ QR. Prove
Question 7.

that ∠APM = 12(∠Q – ∠R).

Since, PA is the bisector of ∠QPR.

Solution:

∴ ∠ QPA = ∠ APR
In ∆PQM, ∠PQM + ∠PMQ + ∠QPM = 180°

⇒ ∠PQM + 90° + ∠QPM = 180°

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

[ ∵ PM ⊥ QR
⇒ ∠PMQ = 90°]
⇒ ∠PQM = 90° – ∠QPM …(ii)

∠PMR + ∠PRM + ∠RPM = 180°

In ∆PMR,

⇒ 90° + ∠PRM + ∠RPM = 180°

[Angle sum property of a triangle]

[∵ PM ⊥ QR ⇒ ∠PMR = 90°]
⇒ ∠PRM = 180° – 90° – ∠RPM
⇒ ∠PRM = 90° – ∠RPM …(iii)

∠Q – ∠R = (90° – ∠QPM) – (90° – ∠RPM)

On subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get

[ ∵ ∠PQM = ∠Q and ∠PRM = ∠R]

⇒ ∠Q – ∠R = ∠RPM – ∠QPM
⇒ ∠Q – ∠R = [∠RPA + ∠APM] -[∠QPA – ∠APM]
⇒ ∠Q – ∠R = ∠RPA + ∠APM – ∠QPA + ∠APM
⇒ ∠Q – ∠R = 2∠APM [By using (i)]
∠APM = 12 (∠Q – ∠R)

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