Transformation of sentences

Rule 1

Not only + is /am/ are + but also

Reema is a singer, she is also a dancer

Not only is Reema a singer but also a dancer.

I ate apples and also bananas.

I not only ate apples but also bananas.
Not only did I eat apples but also bananas.

Rule 2

Provided is always followed by ‘that’

If you return the book by morning, you can take it now.

Provided that you return the book by morning, you can take it now.

Rule 3

In spite of + Participle (ing)

Despite + Participle

She is rich but sad. State of being

In spite of being rich, she is sad.
Despite being rich, she is sad.
Though/Although she is rich, she is sad,

She worked hard but failed. Action word

In spite of working hard, she failed.
Despite working hard, she failed.
Though/ Although she worked hard, she failed.

Rule 4

Lest is always followed by ‘should’. ( It talks about possibility )

Put your tools away, people may fall over them.

Put your tools away lest people should fall over them.
Rule 5

Besides + Participle + Comma ( in addition to )

Never use also/always

Swastika is a clever girl and is also dependable.

Besides being a clever girl, Swastika is dependable.

Not only did he score a century but also took three important wickets.
Besides scoring a century, he took three important wickets.

Rule 6

Owing is always followed by ‘to’ Adj : Beautiful —---------- Noun : Beauty

He was ill and so he could not come to the party

Owing to his illness, he could not come to the party.

Rule 7

Too……..to —--------- So ………. That

Form 1 ( present )

The problem is too difficult to solve.

The problem is so difficult that it cannot be solved.

Form 2 ( Past )

The problem was too difficult to solve.

The problem was so difficult that it could not be solved.

The sums were too difficult to solve.

The sums were so difficult that they could not be solved.

The problem will be too difficult to solve.

The problem will be so difficult that it might not be solved.

Form 3

Her perfume is too strong to not be noticed.

Her perfume is so strong that it can easily/definitely/surely be noticed.
I am so fresh that I can study for another hour. ( Use : too….to )
I am too fresh not to study for another hour.

I am too fresh to study for another hour.

I am so fresh that I cannot study for another hour.

Rule 8 ( Imp )

However = No matter what

However is always followed by an adjective or an adverb

Although he is rich, he is never satisfied. | State of being |

However rich he may be, he is never satisfied.

He tried as hard as he could but could not win the prize. | Action word |
However hard he tried, he could not win the prize.

We wanted to win badly but we could not beat the top team in our league.
However badly we wanted to win, we could not beat the top team in our league.

Rule 9

If = Unless + not
Unless = If + not

If he does not pay the bill, he cannot return.

Unless he pays the bill, he cannot return.

If you work hard, you will succeed.

Unless you work hard, you will not succeed.

Only if = Never + Unless

The monkeys will only attack if they are a hundred to one.

The monkeys will never attack unless they are a hundred to one.
Rules
Either……or

Leave the job and better yourself.

Either better yourself or leave the job.

If you cannot face the principal, Riddhi will have to.

Either you face the principal or Ridhhi will have to.

Either you or Ridhhi will have to face the principal. X

Rule 11

Neither…….nor

Schools are not like prisons nor they are a form of business.
Neither are schools prisons nor are they a form of business.

Rule 12

As soon as —---------- No sooner do/does(present)/did(past)…………than.

As soon as —----------------- Hardly do/does(present)/had(past)…………..when

When he was presented with a trophy, he started crying.

No sooner was he presented with a trophy than he started crying.
Hardly was he presented with a trophy when he started crying.

As soon as we will win the match, we would dance with joy.

No sooner will we win the match than we would dance with joy.
Hardly will we win the match when we would dance with joy.

Third Person Singular : He/ She/ It or any singular noun. = Always use s/es or does

As soon as he had his dinner, he went out for a walk. ( had = ate )
No sooner did he have his dinner than he went out for a walk.
Hardly had he had his dinner when he went out for a walk.

As soon as he had finished writing, he went to sleep.

No sooner had he finished writing than he went to sleep.
Hardly had he finished writing when he went to sleep.
V1 - See V2 - Saw V3 - Seen
Go Went Gone
As soon as he saw the police, he ran away.
No sooner did he see the police than he ran away.
Hardly had he seen the police when he ran away.

As soon as the sun rises, the birds start chirping. ( Present + Sub= Singular )
No sooner does the sun rise than the birds start chirping.

Rule 13

Little is always followed by did

Raman never thought she would win the contest.

Little did Raman think she would win the contest.

The passengers did not know that they had only eighteen minutes to escape.
Little did the passengers know that they had only eighteen minutes to escape.

Rule 14

Notwithstanding + comma = not considering, not being influenced by/ in spite of/ despite

He ventured out into the jungle despite warnings from friends.

Notwithstanding warnings from friends, he ventured out into the jungle.

Although Laxmi worked very hard, she failed the examination.

Notwithstanding Laxmi's hard work, she failed the examination.
Notwithstanding the fact that Laxmi worked very hard, she failed the examination.

Bekaar ka gyaan : Consists of = Comprises

The cricket team consists of eleven players. (use : comprises )

Rule 15
But will always be followed by for

But for = If it had not been for/ If it were not for

If Raj had not been there, my life would not have been safe.
But for Raj’s presence, my life would not have been safe.
Had he not been weak in mathematics, Alok would have topped the class.
But for his weakness in mathematics, Alok would have topped the class.

Rule 16

Under the impression that

He thought the examination would be held later.

He was under the impression that the examination would be held later.

He thinks that the examination would be held later.

He is under the impression that the examination would be held later.

Rule 17

Positive tags and negative tags.

When statement=positive, tag is negative and vice versa

Sahil is not home. ( end with is he? )

Sahil is not home, is he?

The weather is cool ( end isn’t it ?)

The weather is cool, isn’t it?

Swastika is very intelligent.

Swastika is very intelligent, isn’t she?

Affirmative/ Positive —----------- Negative questions

The weather is cool.

Isn’t the weather cool? X
The weather is cool, isn’t it?

Books are our best friends. ( universal truth )

Aren’t books our best friends?

What is your name?

I would like to know your name

Where do you live?

I would like to know where you live.
Rule 18

Unlikely + Antonym( opposite words) = Doubtful/not expected/improbable.

The local team is sure to lose the next game

It is unlikely that the local team will win the next game.

It is likely that they will visit us tomorrow.

There is a likehood/every likelihood that they will visit us tomorrow.

Rule 19

In all probability replace ‘probably’ in a sentence

Sneha has probably forgotten the date of her father’s birthday.

In all probability Sneha has forgotten the date of her father’s birthday.

Rule 20
We cannot use of with both.

Neither of her sons help her with housework.

Both of her sons never help her with housework (wrong)
Both her sons never help her with housework.

Neither of her friends helped her in her troubled times.

Both her friends did not help her in her troubled times.

Rule 21 ( Degree of Comparison )

Superlative : Ashoka was the greatest ruler.

Positive : No other ruler was as great as Ashoka.
Comparative: Ashoka was greater than all other/ any other ruler.

Superlative : Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers.

Positive : Very few rulers were as great as Ashoka.
Comparative : Ashoka was greater than most other rulers.
I am as good as you.
I am not better than you.
You are not better than me.