Name: ________________________________________________________________________HPreCalc/CC

Semester 1 UNIT 6 – Trigonometric Equations & Identities

Sum and Difference Identities

sin A B sin A cos B sin B cos A sin A B sin A cos B sin B cos A
cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B

How to use these identities:

Co-functions: Using the sum and difference identities…

(a) Show that cos 90 sin (b) Show that sin 90 cos

Simplifying expressions: Rewrite each of the following in simplest form:

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(1) sin 180 (2) cos
2

(3) cos x (4) sin 90

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Finding Exact Values: The sum and difference identities can also be used to find the exact sin or cos value of
an angle that is not quadrantal or referenced with 30º , 45º , 60º .

Example: Determine the exact value of sin 75º

Practice:

(1) Determine the exact value of sin 75º (2) Determine the exact value of cos105º

(3) Determine the exact value of sin15º (4) Determine the exact value of cos165º

5) The expression cos 30 cos12 sin 30 sin12 is equivalent to:

(A) cos 42 (B) cos18 (C) cos 42 sin 42 (D) cos 2 42 sin 2 42

6) The expression sin 40 cos15 cos 40 sin15 is equivalent to:

(A) sin 55 (B) sin 25 (C) cos 55 (D) cos 25

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Identity Proofs: To "prove" an identity, you have to use logical steps to show that one side of the equation can
be transformed into the other side of the equation. You can make substitutions of previously discussed
identities in order to achieve your goal. You do not plug values into the identity to "prove" anything.

Example: Prove that cos 60 A sin 30 A is an identity:

Practice: Prove that each of the following equations is an identity.

(1) sin x sin x (2) sin cos 2 cos

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More Identities: Reciprocal, Pythagorean, and Double Angle Identities

Recall some basics:

Reciprocal Identities Quotient Identities

sin csc
tan

cos sec

cot
tan cot

All of the above identities can be used for substitutions when proving identities
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Pythagorean Identities. Let’s look at the unit circle again!!

Pythagorean Identity

Now that we have established the main Pythagorean identity, we can manipulate it into other forms:

First, by simply using subtraction: sin 2 cos 2 1

Then, divide all terms by cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 1 Divide all terms by sin 2 sin 2 cos 2 1

All Pythagorean Identities Together

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The last of the identities that we will use in order to construct identity proofs are the double angle identities:

Double Angle Identities

cos 2
sin 2

Tips for completing an indentity proof:

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Simplify each of the following to write it as a single trigonometric function:

1.) sec cot sin 2.) tan 2 sin 2 cos 2

1 tan 2 1
3.) 1 4.) 5.) sin csc sin
sin 2 cot 2 1

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In questions 6 – 21, prove each equation is an identity.

6.) sec sin csc cos tan cot 7.) sin 2 sec 2sin

sec
8.) cot sin cos cos 2 9.) tan
csc

2 2 2 tan x csc2 x
10.) tan (1 sin ) 1 cos 11.) cot x
1 tan 2 x

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 cos 2 cot 2 tan
12.) sin 13.) sin 2
sin sec 1 tan 2

1 cos 2 cos 1
14.) 2 sin 2 1 15.) cos
tan 2 1 sec

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 1 1 2
16.) 2 sec 2 17.) sin cos 1 2sin cos
1 sin 1 sin

18.) sin 2 tan cot 2 19.) sec 4 tan 4 sec 2 tan 2

2 tan sin 2
20.) sin 2 sin 2 tan 2 tan 2 21.) 2
tan
2 sin

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 Solving Trigonometric Equations

Example: Solve the following equation for all values of where 0 2 : 2cos 3 0

Practice: For each of the following, solve the equation for all values of where 0 2

1.) 2cos 1 2 2.) sin 2 2 3.) 3sin 5 4

4.) 3 tan 2 7 tan 5.) 2 sin 1 sin 3 6.) 6 2 csc 2

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7.) 6 cos 3 4 cos 3 8.) 3 csc 1 csc 2

9.) 2sin x 7 1 4 10.) 8sec 2 10 2 sec

11.) 2 sin 2 sin 1 0 12.) 2 cos sin cos 0

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13.) cos 2 2sin 1 14.) 2 cos sin 2

15.) 2 sec 2 tan 2 3 0 16.) sin cos 0

17.) sin cos 0 18.) 3 sin 2 3cos 0

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19.) csc2 cot 1 20.) cos 2 2sin 1

21.) cos 2 sin 2 0 22.) 2 sin csc 5

23.) cos 2 3sin 2 24.) 2 tan 2 x 3sec x 0

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Review– Trig Identities and Trig Equations Complete all of your work on separate paper.
cot
1. Simplify and write as an expression in terms of sine or cosine:
csc

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2. Find the exact value of the expression sin cos cos sin as
12 12 12 12

In questions 3 & 4, prove each equation is an identity

sin x y
3. 1 cot 2 tan csc sec 4. tan x tan y
cos x cos y

In questions 5-7, solve for in the interval 0, 2 . Express angle measures in radians.
5. 4 csc 6 2

6. sin 2 sin

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 2
7. sin 2 cos 1

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8. Prove sin x cos x
2

1 sin 2
9. Simplify
1 sin

10. Find the exact value of cos15º .

2 sin 2 2 cos 2
11. Prove cos
2 sec

12. Prove: sec cos sin tan

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13. Solve for in the interval 0, 2 : cos 2 cos 2

sin 2 tan
14. Prove the identity: tan 2
cos 2 cot

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15. Solve for in the interval 0, 2 : 4 sin
sin

16. Prove sin 2 cot 1 cos 2

17. Solve for in the interval 0, 2 : cos 2 sin 2 cos 0

18. Solve for in the interval 0, 2 : 5sec 2 10 0

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