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Unit 2 Lab

The document outlines a lab experiment to determine the molar enthalpy of two salt solutions (NaOH and KCl) using calorimetry, detailing the energy changes and enthalpy calculations for each. It also discusses potential sources of error in the measurements, including heat loss to the environment and incomplete dissolution of the salts. The results indicate that NaOH has a negative enthalpy of solution, while KCl has a positive enthalpy, with respective % errors calculated for each salt.

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11 views

Unit 2 Lab

The document outlines a lab experiment to determine the molar enthalpy of two salt solutions (NaOH and KCl) using calorimetry, detailing the energy changes and enthalpy calculations for each. It also discusses potential sources of error in the measurements, including heat loss to the environment and incomplete dissolution of the salts. The results indicate that NaOH has a negative enthalpy of solution, while KCl has a positive enthalpy, with respective % errors calculated for each salt.

Uploaded by

aita.khanlari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Mass of Initial Final Change in Energy Mass Enthalpy Enthalpy of

water temp of temp temp of change of salt of solution


water of water use used solution kJ/mol
water mcΔT (g) kJ/g

NaOH 75 ml 21.4 40.4 Increases 5962.2 J 6.28 g 0.94939 -37.97275


degree degree by 19 kJ/g kJ/mol
celsius celsius degree
celsius

KCl 75 ml 21.3 16.3 Decreased -1569 J 5.98 g 0.26237 19.5596


degree degree by 5 kJ/g kJ/mol
celsius celsius degrees
celsius
The purpose of this lab is to find the molar enthalpy of two different
solutions of salts through the use of calorimetry.

NaOH:
Energy change (q)
q = mc∆t
= (75)(4.184)(19)
= 5962.2 J/ (5.9622 kJ)/(6.28g) = 0.94939 kJ/g

Enthalpy of solution
Enthalpy (ΔH)
ΔH = (39.997grams/mol) (- 0.94939 kJ/g)
= - 37.97275 kJ/mol

KCl:
Energy change (q)
q = mc∆t
= (75)(4.184)(-5)
= -1569 J/ (1.569 kJ)/(5.98 g) = 0.26237 kJ/g

Enthalpy of solution
Enthalpy (ΔH)
ΔH = (74.55grams/mol) (0.26237 kJ/g)
= 19.5596 kJ/mol
1)​ % error
NaOH:
% error = ((I (- 44.5) - ( - 37.97275) I )/ - 44.5) x 100
= 14.6679 %
​ = 15 %
KCl
% error = ((I 17.2 - 19.5596 I)/17.2) x 100
​ = -13.7186 %
​ = -14 %

2)​ - Even with insulation, some heat may leak out of the calorimeter and into the
surrounding air, which could cause the temperature change measurement to be
inaccurate.
- The measured energy change might not accurately reflect the true enthalpy of solution
if the salt does not dissolve entirely in the water.
- The quantity of heat that is detected as being transferred to the water may be lessened
if the calorimeter itself absorbs some heat. This can be overlooked until the specific heat
capacity of the calorimeter is taken into consideration.

3)​ The estimated enthalpy of solution of the salt would be too low if some heat were
transmitted to the air or the Styrofoam cup. All of the heat produced (or absorbed) during
the dissolving process is assumed to be transmitted to the water in the calorimetry
experiment. The water's measured temperature change would be less than the actual
temperature change if some of this heat leaked into the surrounding air or the Styrofoam
cup.

4)​ The salt's estimated enthalpy of solution would be too high if some were accidentally
spilled during the transfer to the cup. The real amount of salt that dissolved in the water
would be less than the mass of the salt that was measured on the scale. This disparity
results from the computation assuming the whole recorded mass of salt dissolved, even
though less salt is needed to produce the observed temperature change.

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